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{{ | {{Short description|Mughal prince (1570–1599)}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}} | |||
{{Infobox royalty | {{Infobox royalty | ||
| name =Murad | | name = Murad Mirza <br> مراد میرزا | ||
| title =[[Shah#Shahzada|Shahzada]] [[ | | title = [[Shah#Shahzada|Shahzada]] of the [[Mughal Empire]]<br>[[Mirza (name)|Mirza]] | ||
| image =Sultan Murad | | image = Portrait of Mughal prince Sultan Murad (cropped).jpg | ||
| caption = | | caption = Portrait of Murad, c. 1600 | ||
| father =[[Akbar]] | | house-type = | ||
| birth_date =15 | | father = [[Akbar]] | ||
| birth_place =[[Fatehpur Sikri]], [[Agra]] | | mother = | ||
| death_date = {{death date and age|1599|5|12|1570|6|15|df=y}} | | birth_date = {{Birth date|1570|06|15|df=yes}} | ||
| death_place = [[ | | birth_place = [[Fatehpur Sikri]], [[Agra]] | ||
| spouse = Habiba Banu Begum<br> | | death_date = {{death date and age|1599|5|12|1570|6|15|df=y}} | ||
| issue = Rustam Mirza | | death_place = [[Mughal Empire]] | ||
| house = [[ | | spouse = {{Marriage|Habiba Banu Begum<br/>|15 May 1587}} | ||
| religion = [[Sunni Islam]] | | issue = {{plainlist| | ||
| | *Rustam Mirza | ||
| | *Alam Mirza | ||
*Jahan Banu Begum}} | |||
| house = [[Mughal dynasty]] | |||
| religion = [[Sunni Islam]] | |||
| dynasty = [[Timurid dynasty]] | |||
| burial_place = [[Humayun's Tomb]] | |||
| burial_date = 13 May 1599 | |||
}} | }} | ||
'''Murad Mirza''' (15 June 1570<ref>[[Muntakhab-ut-Tawarikh]], | '''Murad Mirza''' ({{langx|fa|مراد میرزا}}; 15 June 1570<ref>[[Muntakhab-ut-Tawarikh]], p. 395</ref> – 12 May 1599)<ref>[[Ain-i-Akbari|Ain-i-Akbari volume2]]</ref> was a [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] prince and the second surviving son of [[Mughal Emperor]] [[Akbar]]. He was raised by [[Salima Sultan Begum]] until the age of 5. He was the maternal grandfather of [[Nadira Banu Begum]], wife of Prince [[Dara Shikoh]] (eldest son of the emperor [[Shah Jahan]]). | ||
==Birth and education== | ==Birth and education== | ||
[[ | A few months after the birth of [[Jahangir|Prince Salim]] (who would become the emperor Jahangir), another son was born to Akbar from a royal concubine and he was named Murad. Since he was born in the mountains of Fatehpur, he was called "Pahari”.<ref name=Murad >{{cite book |title= The Jahangirnama |first=Thackston |last=Wheeler McIntosh |page=37 |date=1999 |publisher=Freer Gallery of Art, Arthur M. Sackler Gallery |isbn=978-0-19-512718-8 |url=https://archive.org/details/jahangirnamamemo00jaha/page/37/mode/1up?q=murad |quote=after the birth of prince Salim, another son was born to one of the serving-girls (concubine). He was named Murad. Since he was born in the mountains of Fatehpur, he was called "Pahari” His complexion was dark, and he was tall in stature, inclining to be portly. Gravity was appar- ent in his manner, and bravery and man- liness were evident from his conduct}}</ref> He was entrusted to [[Salima Sultan Begum]] for upbringing who undertook it till 1575 as she left for Hajj thereafter. | ||
Murad was first educated by [[Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak]] and, as from 1580, by Jesuit priests [[ | Murad was first educated by [[Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak]] and, as from 1580, by Jesuit priests [[Antoni de Montserrat]]<ref name="sgs">{{Cite journal|author=Spanish Geographical Society|title=Antonio de Montserrat in the final frontier|journal=Newsletter of the Spanish Geographical Society|url=http://www.sge.org/sociedad-geografica-espanola/publicaciones/boletines/numeros-publicados/boletin-no-43/antoni-de-montserrat-en-la-ultima-frontera.html|volume=43|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151126074311/http://www.sge.org/sociedad-geografica-espanola/publicaciones/boletines/numeros-publicados/boletin-no-43/antoni-de-montserrat-en-la-ultima-frontera.html|archive-date=2015-11-26}}</ref> (as a tutor) and Francisco Aquaviva, who were called up by Akbar himself to teach Murad Portuguese and the basics of Christianity.{{citation needed|date=March 2023}} | ||
Murad became the first Mughal prince to be educated by western Jesuit priests or, as Dr. [[Oscar R. Gómez]] points out, the first person to be educated in the paradigmatic model driven by Murad's father [[Akbar|Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar]], the 3rd Dalai Lama [[3rd Dalai Lama|Sonam Gyatso]], and Jesuit | Murad became the first Mughal prince to be educated by western Jesuit priests or, as Dr. [[Oscar R. Gómez]] points out, the first person to be educated in the paradigmatic model driven by Murad's father [[Akbar|Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar]], the 3rd Dalai Lama [[3rd Dalai Lama|Sonam Gyatso]], and Jesuit Antoni de Montserrat, which resulted in the current existentialist model.<ref name=org>{{cite book|last=Gomez|first=Oscar R.|title= Tantrism in the Society of Jesus – from Tibet to the Vatican today |url=https://www.academia.edu/19202701 |year=2013|publisher=Editorial MenteClara|isbn=978-987-24510-3-5 |page=28}}</ref> | ||
Hence, Sultan Murad Pahari has become the first person resulting from the amalgamation of Tibetan tantric Buddhism, Islam, and Christianity | Hence, Sultan Murad Pahari has become the first person resulting from the amalgamation of Tibetan tantric Buddhism, Islam, and Christianity.<ref>{{cite book|last=Gomez|first=Oscar R.|title= Antonio de Montserrat – Biography of the first Jesuit initiated in Tibetan Tantric Buddhism |url=https://www.academia.edu/19586252 |year=2015|publisher=Editorial MenteClara |isbn=978-987-24510-4-2 |page=32}}</ref> | ||
==Military command | ==Military command== | ||
In 1577 (at the age of seven), Murad was awarded his first military rank, receiving a ''mansab'' of 7000 men.<ref>[[Mansabdari]] system</ref> In 1584, after he attained puberty, this was enhanced to 9000 men.<ref>Dr. Ricard Von Garbe, Akbar, The Emperor Of India, 1909</ref> From 1593 Prince Murad was in command of the army in the Deccan.<ref name="Gascioigne">{{cite book| last=Gascioigne| first= Bamber| author-link= Bamber Gascoigne| title= A Brief History of the Great Moghuls: India's most flamboyant rulers| page=113}}</ref> He was ineffective in command largely due to his drunkenness.<ref name="Gascioigne"/> His condition led to his replacement by Abu'l-Fazl, who arrived at Murad's camp in early May.<ref name="Gascioigne"/> | In 1577 (at the age of seven), Murad was awarded his first military rank, receiving a ''mansab'' of 7000 men.<ref>[[Mansabdari]] system</ref> In 1584, after he attained puberty, this was enhanced to 9000 men.<ref>Dr. Ricard Von Garbe, Akbar, The Emperor Of India, 1909</ref> From 1593 Prince Murad was in command of the army in the Deccan.<ref name="Gascioigne">{{cite book| last=Gascioigne| first= Bamber| author-link= Bamber Gascoigne| title= A Brief History of the Great Moghuls: India's most flamboyant rulers| page=113}}</ref> He was ineffective in command largely due to his drunkenness.<ref name="Gascioigne"/> His condition led to his replacement by Abu'l-Fazl, who arrived at Murad's camp in early May.<ref name="Gascioigne"/> | ||
== Later life and death == | |||
Due to his failed expedition to [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate|Ahmadnagar]], Murad Mirza fell into chronic grief and was pushed further into despair on the death of his son, Rustum and turned to excessive drinking. This excessive drinking led to illnesses like epilepsy and chronic indigestion.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Fazl|first=Abul|title=The Akbarnama|publisher=ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL|volume=III|location=Calcutta|pages=1127–27|translator-last=Beveridge|translator-first=Henry}}</ref> | |||
In February 1599, Murad started his march towards Ahmadnagar in order to avoid going to Agra and meeting the [[Akbar|Emperor]]. On 6 May 1599, he had a severe seizure and subsequently died in an unconscious state on 12 May, near Ahmadnagar.<ref name=":0" /> | |||
==Family== | ==Family== | ||
Prince Murad's only wife was Habiba Banu Begum, the daughter of [[Mirza Aziz Koka]], known as Khan Azam.<ref>{{cite book|author=Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland|title=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland|publisher=Cambridge University Press for the Royal Asiatic Society|pages=1899}}</ref> He was the son of Akbar's milk mother, Jiji Anga. The marriage took place on 15 May 1587, when Murad was seventeen.{{sfn|Beveridge|1907|p=791}} She was the mother of Rustam Mirza, born on 27 August 1588{{sfn|Beveridge|1907|p=807}} and died on 30 November 1597,{{sfn|Beveridge|1907|p=1097}} and Alam Mirza, born on 4 November 1590 and died in infancy.{{sfn|Beveridge|1907|p=881}} His only daughter Princess Jahan Banu Begum was married to Prince [[Parviz Mirza]], son of Emperor [[Jahangir]]. This marriage was held at the palace of his mother, [[Mariam-uz-Zamani]].<ref>{{cite book|first1=Emperor|last1=Jahangir|first2=Alexander|last2=Rogers|first3=Henry|last3=Beveridge|title=The Tuzuk-i-Jahangiri; or, Memoirs of Jahangir. Translated by Alexander Rogers. Edited by Henry Beveridge|url=https://archive.org/details/b29352423_0001|publisher=London Royal Asiatic Society|year=1909|pages=[https://archive.org/details/b29352423_0001/page/78 78], 81}}</ref> | |||
==Governorships== | ==Governorships== | ||
* Malwa 1590–1594 | * [[Malwa Subah|Malwa]] 1590–1594 | ||
* [[Berar Subah|Berar]] 1596–1599 | * [[Berar Subah|Berar]] 1596–1599 | ||
* [[Assam]] 1595–1597 | * [[Assam]] 1595–1597 | ||
| Line 53: | Line 62: | ||
[[Category:1599 deaths]] | [[Category:1599 deaths]] | ||
[[Category:Mughal princes]] | [[Category:Mughal princes]] | ||
[[Category: | |||
[[Category:Mariam-uz-Zamani]] | |||
[[Category:Sons of emperors]] | |||
[[Category:Subahdars of Malwa]] | |||
[[Category:16th-century Mughal Empire people]] | |||
Latest revision as of 21:23, 26 February 2026
| Murad Mirza مراد میرزا | |
|---|---|
| Shahzada of the Mughal Empire Mirza | |
.jpg) Portrait of Murad, c. 1600 | |
| Born | 15 June 1570 Fatehpur Sikri, Agra |
| Died | 12 May 1599 (aged 28) Mughal Empire |
| Burial | 13 May 1599 |
| Spouse | Habiba Banu Begum
( m. 1587) |
| Issue |
|
| House | Mughal dynasty |
| Dynasty | Timurid dynasty |
| Father | Akbar |
| Religion | Sunni Islam |
Murad Mirza (Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.; 15 June 1570[1] – 12 May 1599)[2] was a Mughal prince and the second surviving son of Mughal Emperor Akbar. He was raised by Salima Sultan Begum until the age of 5. He was the maternal grandfather of Nadira Banu Begum, wife of Prince Dara Shikoh (eldest son of the emperor Shah Jahan).
Birth and education[edit | edit source]
A few months after the birth of Prince Salim (who would become the emperor Jahangir), another son was born to Akbar from a royal concubine and he was named Murad. Since he was born in the mountains of Fatehpur, he was called "Pahari”.[3] He was entrusted to Salima Sultan Begum for upbringing who undertook it till 1575 as she left for Hajj thereafter.
Murad was first educated by Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak and, as from 1580, by Jesuit priests Antoni de Montserrat[4] (as a tutor) and Francisco Aquaviva, who were called up by Akbar himself to teach Murad Portuguese and the basics of Christianity.[citation needed]
Murad became the first Mughal prince to be educated by western Jesuit priests or, as Dr. Oscar R. Gómez points out, the first person to be educated in the paradigmatic model driven by Murad's father Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar, the 3rd Dalai Lama Sonam Gyatso, and Jesuit Antoni de Montserrat, which resulted in the current existentialist model.[5]
Hence, Sultan Murad Pahari has become the first person resulting from the amalgamation of Tibetan tantric Buddhism, Islam, and Christianity.[6]
Military command[edit | edit source]
In 1577 (at the age of seven), Murad was awarded his first military rank, receiving a mansab of 7000 men.[7] In 1584, after he attained puberty, this was enhanced to 9000 men.[8] From 1593 Prince Murad was in command of the army in the Deccan.[9] He was ineffective in command largely due to his drunkenness.[9] His condition led to his replacement by Abu'l-Fazl, who arrived at Murad's camp in early May.[9]
Later life and death[edit | edit source]
Due to his failed expedition to Ahmadnagar, Murad Mirza fell into chronic grief and was pushed further into despair on the death of his son, Rustum and turned to excessive drinking. This excessive drinking led to illnesses like epilepsy and chronic indigestion.[10]
In February 1599, Murad started his march towards Ahmadnagar in order to avoid going to Agra and meeting the Emperor. On 6 May 1599, he had a severe seizure and subsequently died in an unconscious state on 12 May, near Ahmadnagar.[10]
Family[edit | edit source]
Prince Murad's only wife was Habiba Banu Begum, the daughter of Mirza Aziz Koka, known as Khan Azam.[11] He was the son of Akbar's milk mother, Jiji Anga. The marriage took place on 15 May 1587, when Murad was seventeen.[12] She was the mother of Rustam Mirza, born on 27 August 1588[13] and died on 30 November 1597,[14] and Alam Mirza, born on 4 November 1590 and died in infancy.[15] His only daughter Princess Jahan Banu Begum was married to Prince Parviz Mirza, son of Emperor Jahangir. This marriage was held at the palace of his mother, Mariam-uz-Zamani.[16]
Governorships[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Muntakhab-ut-Tawarikh, p. 395
- ↑ Ain-i-Akbari volume2
- ↑ Wheeler McIntosh, Thackston (1999). The Jahangirnama. Freer Gallery of Art, Arthur M. Sackler Gallery. p. 37. ISBN 978-0-19-512718-8.
after the birth of prince Salim, another son was born to one of the serving-girls (concubine). He was named Murad. Since he was born in the mountains of Fatehpur, he was called "Pahari" His complexion was dark, and he was tall in stature, inclining to be portly. Gravity was appar- ent in his manner, and bravery and man- liness were evident from his conduct
- ↑ Spanish Geographical Society. "Antonio de Montserrat in the final frontier". Newsletter of the Spanish Geographical Society. 43. Archived from the original on 26 November 2015.
- ↑ Gomez, Oscar R. (2013). Tantrism in the Society of Jesus – from Tibet to the Vatican today. Editorial MenteClara. p. 28. ISBN 978-987-24510-3-5.
- ↑ Gomez, Oscar R. (2015). Antonio de Montserrat – Biography of the first Jesuit initiated in Tibetan Tantric Buddhism. Editorial MenteClara. p. 32. ISBN 978-987-24510-4-2.
- ↑ Mansabdari system
- ↑ Dr. Ricard Von Garbe, Akbar, The Emperor Of India, 1909
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Gascioigne, Bamber. A Brief History of the Great Moghuls: India's most flamboyant rulers. p. 113.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Fazl, Abul. The Akbarnama. Vol. III. Translated by Beveridge, Henry. Calcutta: ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL. pp. 1127–27.
- ↑ Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Cambridge University Press for the Royal Asiatic Society. p. 1899.
- ↑ Beveridge 1907, p. 791.
- ↑ Beveridge 1907, p. 807.
- ↑ Beveridge 1907, p. 1097.
- ↑ Beveridge 1907, p. 881.
- ↑ Jahangir, Emperor; Rogers, Alexander; Beveridge, Henry (1909). The Tuzuk-i-Jahangiri; or, Memoirs of Jahangir. Translated by Alexander Rogers. Edited by Henry Beveridge. London Royal Asiatic Society. pp. 78, 81.
Bibliography[edit | edit source]
- Beveridge, Henry (1907). Akbarnama of Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak – Volume III. Asiatic Society, Calcutta.