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| {{Short description|India's Space programs aimed at Mars}}
| | #REDIRECT [[Indian Mars exploration missions]] |
| {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2023}}
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| {{Use Indian English|date=July 2023}}
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| {{Infobox space programme
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| | name = Indian Mars Exploration Programme
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| | image = Mars Orbitor Mission Launch.jpg
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| | image_size =
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| | alt =
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| | caption = [[Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle|PSLV-XL]] C25 lifts off with [[Mars Orbiter Mission]] on 5 November 2013.
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| | country = India
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| | organization = [[ISRO]]
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| | programme = y
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| | purpose = [[Exploration of Mars]]
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| | cost = {{INRConvert|454|c|lk=on}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-08-12 |title=‘We are planning to send our first orbiter to Mars in 2013’ {{!}} Deccan Chronicle |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120812200201/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/editorial/op-ed/%E2%80%98we-are-planning-send-our-first-orbiter-mars-2013%E2%80%99-548 |access-date=2023-07-22 |website=web.archive.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-11-06 |title=Rocket science: how Isro flew to Mars cheap |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/rocket-science-how-isro-flew-to-mars-cheap/story-WuxDKgSWXegskycsvxFtcO.html |access-date=2023-07-22 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>
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| | status = Active
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| | duration = 2013–present | |
| | firstflight = [[Mars Orbiter Mission]], {{start date and age|df=y|2013|11|5}}
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| | lastflight =
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| | launchsite = [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre]]
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| | launcher = [[Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle|PSLV]]
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| }} | | }} |
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| The '''Indian Mars Exploration Programme''' is an ongoing series of outer space missions by the [[ISRO|Indian Space Research Organisation]] (ISRO) for the [[exploration of Mars]]. The exploration is currently in the primary phase with Orbiter missions.<ref name="specifications">{{cite web |url=http://www.isro.gov.in/Spacecraft/mars-orbiter-mission-spacecraft |title=Mars Orbiter Mission Spacecraft |publisher=Indian Space Research Organisation |access-date=23 December 2014 |archive-date=25 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161225220451/http://www.isro.gov.in/Spacecraft/mars-orbiter-mission-spacecraft |url-status=dead}}</ref>
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| There has been a single mission so far that deployed an orbiter around the planet which later lost its contact with the earth in 2022.<ref name="toi-20221002">{{cite web |last=Kumar |first=Chethan |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/designed-to-last-six-months-indias-mars-orbiter-bids-adieu-after-8-long-years/articleshow/94599977.cms |title=Designed to last six months, India's Mars Orbiter bids adieu after 8 long years |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=2 October 2022 |access-date=2 October 2022}}</ref><ref name="PTI_MOM_EOM">{{cite news |title=With drained battery & no fuel, India's Mars Orbiter craft quietly bids adieu |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2022/oct/02/with-drained-battery-no-fuel-indias-mars-orbiter-craft-quietly-bids-adieu-2504219.html |access-date=3 October 2022}}</ref><ref name="ISRO_PR_EOL">{{Cite web |title=SCIENCE PROGRAMME OFFICE (SPO), ISRO HEADQUARTERS |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/MOM_NationalMeet_2022SEP.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221003123127/https://www.isro.gov.in/MOM_NationalMeet_2022SEP.html |archive-date=2022-10-03 |access-date=2022-10-03 |website=www.isro.gov.in |quote=It was also discussed that despite being designed for a life-span of six months as a technology demonstrator, the Mars Orbiter Mission has lived for about eight years in the Martian orbit with a gamut of significant scientific results on Mars as well as on the Solar corona, before losing communication with the ground station as a result of a long eclipse in April 2022. During the national meet, ISRO deliberated that the propellant must have been exhausted, and therefore, the desired attitude pointing could not be achieved for sustained power generation. It was declared that the spacecraft is non-recoverable, and attended its end-of-life. The mission will be ever-regarded as a remarkable technological and scientific feat in the history of planetary exploration.}}</ref> A second mission planned for 2024 when the [[Exploration of Mars#Launch windows|launch window]] opens.<ref name="Deccan Sep2019">[https://www.deccanherald.com/national/mom-orbiter-enters-6th-year-isro-eyes-mangalyaan-2-763975.html MOM Orbiter enters 6th year, ISRO eyes Mangalyaan-2.] Rasheed Kappan, ''The Deccan Herald.'' 25 September 2019.</ref>
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| ==Structure of Missions==
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| The early phase consists of Mars orbiter missions while the next phase could be aimed at soft landing on the Martian surface and deploying a rover for sample study.<ref name"MLM_COncept">{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W_OcgAkHcAc&t=3724 |title='Journey to the Unknown: Scientific Quest for Chandrayaan-3 at the Moon' by Smt. S. Megala. |date=3 July 2023 |last=Megala |first=S |language=English |time=1 hour 2 minutes 5 seconds}}</ref>
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| ===Phase I: Orbiters===
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| '''[[Mars Orbiter Mission]]'''
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| [[File:Mars Orbiter Mission Spacecraft.jpg|thumb|Diagram of Mars Orbiter Mission-1.]]
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| [[File:Arsia Mons - Mars Orbiter Mission (30108068296).png|thumb|Region around [[Arsia Mons]] captured by MOM-1.]]
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| The first mission, which is also known as Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM) was launched in 2013 which carried [[Mars Orbiter Mission]] orbiter. The original mission was expected to operate for 6 months, but it lived well past its expected lifetime and lost its contact with the earth in 2022, lasting for over seven years.
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| '''[[Mars Orbiter Mission 2]]'''
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| Mars Orbiter Mission-2 is a proposed second Indian orbiter mission to Mars. Unlike the previous orbiter, it will operate in a lower orbit with [[Apsis|Periareon and Apoareon]] altitude closer to the Martian surface. It will also carry greater scientific payload that includes a [[Hyperspectral imaging|hyperspectral camera]], a very high resolution [[Panchromatic film|panchromatic]] camera and a radar to better understand the early stages of Mars, its early crust, recent basalts, and ongoing activities such as boulder falls.<ref name="roadmap22">{{Citation |author1=Neeraj Srivastava |author2=S. Vijayan |author3=Amit Basu Sarbadhikari |work=Planetary Sciences Division (PSDN), [[Physical Research Laboratory]] |title=Future Exploration of the Inner Solar System: Scope and the Focus Areas |via=ISRO Facebook Panel Discussion, Mars Orbiter Mission National Meet |date=2022-09-27}}</ref><ref name="scimag-isro-20170217">{{cite news |url=https://www.science.org/content/article/india-eyes-return-mars-and-first-run-venus |title=India eyes a return to Mars and a first run at Venus |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |first=Pallava |last=Bagla |date=17 February 2017 |access-date=1 May 2017 |doi=10.1126/science.aal0781}}</ref>
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| ==List of Missions==
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| ;Mission
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| {{legend inline|#9EFF9E|Successful and inactive|outline=silver}}<br />
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| {{legend inline|#CDEEFF|Active|outline=silver}}<br />
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| {{legend inline|#FFC7C8|Unsuccessful|outline=silver}}
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|
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| {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:small;"
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| ! scope="col" style="width:100px;" rowspan="2"| Mission<br />
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| ! scope="col" style="width:80px;" rowspan="2"| Launch Date<br />
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| ! scope="col" style="width:100px;" rowspan="2"| Launch Vehicle<br />
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| ! scope="col" style="width:80px;" rowspan="2"| Orbital Insertion Date
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| ! scope="col" style="width:80px;" rowspan="2"| Landing Date
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| ! scope="col" style="width:80px;" rowspan="2"| Return Date
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| ! scope="col" colspan="5"| Status
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| |-
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| ! scope="col" style="width:100px;"| Main<br />Mission
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| ! scope="col" style="width:100px;"| Extended<br />Mission
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| ! scope="col" style="width:100px;"| Expected <br/> Mission<br />Duration
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| ! scope="col" style="width:100px;"| Final Mission<br />Duration
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| ! scope="col" style="width:30%;"| Notes
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| |-
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| ! colspan="12" style="text-align:centre;"|Phase 1: Orbiters
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| |-
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| ! scope="row"| [[Mars Orbiter Mission]]
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| | 5 November 2013
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| | [[Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle#PSLV-XL|PSLV-XL]]
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| | 24 September 2014
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| | –
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| | –
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| | {{Success}}
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| | {{Success}}
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| | 6 months
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| | 7 years, 6 months, 8 days
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| | style="text-align: left;" | First Indian interplanetary mission.
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| |-
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| ! scope="row"| [[Mars Orbiter Mission 2]]
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| | NET 2024
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| | [[LVM3]]
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| | TBD
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| | –
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| | –
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| | TBD
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| | TBD
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| | 1 year
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| | TBD
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| | style="text-align: left;" | Proposed second Indian Mars orbiter mission.
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| |}
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| ==Gallery==
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| <gallery>
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| One of the first images of the surface of Mars taken by the Mangalyaan on September 25, 2014.jpg|One of the first images of the surface of Mars taken by the MOM-1 on 25 September 2014.
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| Mars as seen from Mangalyaan (MOM).png|Dust storm on northern hemisphere of Mars as seen from MOM-1 on 28 September 2014.
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| Tharsis and Valles Marineris - Mars Orbiter Mission (30055660701).png|[[Tharsis]] and [[Valles Marineris]] as captured by MOM-1.
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| Syrtis Major - Mars Orbiter Mission (29512601624).png|[[Syrtis Major Planum|Syrtis Major]] by MOM-1.
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| File:NorthMars.jpg|North pole of Mars by MOM-1.
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| </gallery>
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| ''[[#External links|See more on ISRO's website]]''
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| ==See also==
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| * [[Chandrayaan programme]]
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| * [[Indian Human Spaceflight Programme]]
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| ==References==
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| {{reflist}}
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| ==External links==
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| *[https://www.isro.gov.in/mission_Pictures_%20from_Mars_Colour_Camera.html Mars Colour Camera images from ISRO]
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| {{DEFAULTSORT:Programme, Mangalyaan}}
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| {{Indian space programme}}
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| {{Indian spacecraft}}
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| {{Mars spacecraft}}
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| {{Future spaceflights}}
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| [[Category:2013 establishments in India]]
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| [[Category:Indian Mars exploration programme]]
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| [[Category:Indian Space Research Organisation]]
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| [[Category:ISRO programs]]
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| [[Category:ISRO space probes]]
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| [[Category:Missions to Mars]]
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| [[Category:Proposed space probes]]
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| {{Mars-stub}}
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