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{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox military person
{{Infobox military person
|name= Sir Claud William Jacob
| honorific_prefix = [[Field Marshal (British Army)|Field Marshal]]
|image= LtGen Claud William Jacob.jpg
| name         = Sir Claud Jacob
|image_size= 250px
| honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|GCB|GCSI|KCMG}}
|alt=  
| image         = LtGen Claud William Jacob.jpg
|caption= Lieutenant General Claud Jacob c. 1916
| image_size   = 250px
|birth_date= {{birth date|df=y|1863|11|21}}
| alt           =  
|death_date= {{death date and age|df=y|1948|6|2|1863|11|21}}
| caption       = Lieutenant-General Claud Jacob, {{circa| 1916}}
|birth_place= [[Mahidpur]], [[British India]]
| birth_date   = {{birth date|df=y|1863|11|21}}
|death_place=  
| death_date   = {{death date and age|df=y|1948|6|2|1863|11|21}}
|placeofburial=  
| birth_place   = [[Mahidpur]], [[British India]]
|nickname=  
| death_place   =  
|allegiance=  
| placeofburial =  
|branch= [[British Indian Army|Indian Army]]
| nickname     =  
|serviceyears= 1882–1925
| allegiance   =  
|rank= [[Field marshal (United Kingdom)|Field Marshal]]
| branch       = [[British Indian Army|Indian Army]]
|servicenumber=  
| serviceyears = 1882–1925
|unit=  
| rank         = [[Field marshal (United Kingdom)|Field Marshal]]
|commands= [[Commander-in-Chief, India]]<br/>[[Northern Command (India)|Northern Command, India]]<br/>[[Chief of the General Staff (India)]]<br/>[[II Corps (United Kingdom)|II Corps]]<br/>[[21st Division (United Kingdom)|21st Division]]<br/>[[106th Hazara Pioneers]]<br/>[[Zhob Militia|Zhob Levy Corps]]
| servicenumber =  
|battles= [[Military history of the North-West Frontier|North-West Frontier]]<br/>[[First World War]]
| unit         =  
|awards= [[Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath]]<br/>[[Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India]]<br/>[[Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George]]
| commands     = [[Commander-in-Chief, India]]<br/>[[Northern Command (India)|Northern Command, India]]<br/>[[Chief of the General Staff (India)]]<br/>[[II Corps (United Kingdom)|II Corps]]<br/>[[21st Division (United Kingdom)|21st Division]]<br/>[[106th Hazara Pioneers]]<br/>[[Zhob Militia|Zhob Levy Corps]]
|relations= Lieutenant General [[Ian Jacob|Sir Ian Jacob]] (son)
| battles       = [[Military history of the North-West Frontier|North-West Frontier]]<br/>[[First World War]]
|laterwork=  
| awards       = [[Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath]]<br/>[[Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India]]<br/>[[Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George]]
| relations     = Lieutenant General [[Ian Jacob|Sir Ian Jacob]] (son)
| laterwork     =  
}}
}}
[[Field marshal (United Kingdom)|Field Marshal]] '''Sir Claud William Jacob''', {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|GCB|GCSI|KCMG}} (21 November 1863 – 2 June 1948) was a [[British Indian Army]] officer. He served in the [[First World War]] as commander of the Dehra Dun Brigade, as General Officer Commanding [[21st Division (United Kingdom)|21st Division]] and as General Officer Commanding [[II Corps (United Kingdom)|II Corps]] in the [[Fifth Army (United Kingdom)|Fifth Army]]. During the [[Battle of the Somme]], his corps undertook the British attack during the [[Battle of Thiepval Ridge]] in September 1916 and the subsequent assault on St Pierre Divion during the [[Battle of the Ancre]] in November 1916. He remained in command of II Corps for the [[Battle of Passchendaele]] in Autumn 1917. After the War he commanded a corps of the [[British Army of the Rhine]] during the [[occupation of the Rhineland|occupation there]] and then served as [[Chief of the General Staff (India)|Chief of the General Staff in India]]. He went on to be General Officer Commanding [[Northern Command (India)|Northern Command]] in India before temporarily becoming [[Commander-in-Chief, India]] and then taking over as [[Military Secretary to the India Office]].
[[Field marshal (United Kingdom)|Field Marshal]] '''Sir Claud William Jacob''', {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|GCB|GCSI|KCMG}} (21 November 1863 – 2 June 1948) was a [[British Indian Army]] officer. He served in the [[First World War]] as commander of the Dehra Dun Brigade, as General Officer Commanding [[21st Division (United Kingdom)|21st Division]] and as General Officer Commanding [[II Corps (United Kingdom)|II Corps]] in the [[Fifth Army (United Kingdom)|Fifth Army]]. During the [[Battle of the Somme]], his corps undertook the British attack during the [[Battle of Thiepval Ridge]] in September 1916 and the subsequent assault on St Pierre Divion during the [[Battle of the Ancre]] in November 1916. He remained in command of II Corps for the [[Battle of Passchendaele]] in Autumn 1917. After the War he commanded a corps of the [[British Army of the Rhine]] during the [[occupation of the Rhineland|occupation there]] and then served as [[Chief of the General Staff (India)|Chief of the General Staff in India]]. He went on to be General Officer Commanding [[Northern Command (India)|Northern Command]] in India before temporarily becoming [[Commander-in-Chief, India]] and then taking over as [[Military Secretary to the India Office]].


==Military career==
==Early life==
Jacob was born on 21 November 1863, at [[Mahidpur]] in the [[Bombay Presidency]] of [[British India]], to Major-General William Jacob and Eliza Jacob.<ref name=odnb>{{cite web|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/34143?docPos=1 |title=Sir Claud Jacob |publisher=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography|accessdate=25 May 2013}}</ref>
Jacob was born on 21 November 1863, at [[Mahidpur]] in the [[Bombay Presidency]] of [[British Raj|British India]], to Major-General William Jacob and Eliza Jacob.<ref name=odnb>{{cite web|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/34143?docPos=1 |title=Sir Claud Jacob |publisher=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography|accessdate=25 May 2013}}</ref>


Educated at [[Sherborne School]], he passed into [[Royal Military College, Sandhurst|Sandhurst]] and was commissioned into the [[Worcestershire Regiment]] on 9 September 1882.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=25145|page=4178|date=8 September 1882}}</ref>{{sfn|Davies|1997|p=154}} On 16 December 1884, stationed at [[Quetta]], he secured his transfer from the Worcestershire Regiment<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=25440|page=576|date=10 February 1885}}</ref> to the [[British Indian Army|Indian service]]<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=25568|page=1284|date=16 March 1886}}</ref> and, in July 1886, he became adjutant of the [[130th Baluchis|30th Regiment (Jacob's) Bombay Native Infantry]] also known as 3rd Belooch Regiment (now 12 Baloch).<ref name=heath190>Heathcote, p. 190</ref> He first saw action with the Zhob Valley expedition of 1890 after which he was posted to the [[124th Duchess of Connaught's Own Baluchistan Infantry|24th (Baluchistan) Regiment of Bombay Infantry]] (now 6 Baloch) in 1891.<ref name=heath190/> Promoted to [[Captain (British Army and Royal Marines)|captain]] on 9 September 1893<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=26458|page=6357|date=14 November 1893}}</ref> and to [[major]] on 10 July 1901,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=27362|page=6487|date=4 October 1901}}</ref> he was selected to command the Zhob Levy Corps, which kept the peace in the [[North-West Frontier Province (1901–1955)|North West Frontier Province]] along the [[Waziristan]] and Southern [[Afghanistan]] border.<ref name=heath190/> He took part in the blockade of the [[Mahsud]] [[Wazir (Pashtun tribe)|Waziri]] tribe at the end of 1901.<ref name=odnb/> Promoted to [[lieutenant-colonel]] on 1 October 1904,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=27751|page=151|date=6 January 1905}}</ref> he was given command of the [[106th Hazara Pioneers]].<ref name=heath190/> Promoted to brevet colonel on 1 October 1908<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=28247|page=3389|date=4 May 1909}}</ref> and to full [[colonel]] on 1 January 1911,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=28487|page=3095|date=21 April 1911}}</ref> he was appointed [[Staff (military)|GSO1]] of the Meerut Division on 2 September 1912.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=28657|page=7869|date=25 October 1912}}</ref>
==Early military career==
Educated at [[Sherborne School]], he passed into [[Royal Military College, Sandhurst|Sandhurst]] and was commissioned into the [[Worcestershire Regiment]] on 9 September 1882.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=25145|page=4178|date=8 September 1882}}</ref>{{sfn|Davies|1997|p=154}} On 16 December 1884, stationed at [[Quetta]], he secured his transfer from the Worcestershire Regiment<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=25440|page=576|date=10 February 1885}}</ref> to the [[British Indian Army|Indian Army ]]<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=25568|page=1284|date=16 March 1886}}</ref> and, in July 1886, he became adjutant of the [[130th Baluchis|30th Regiment (Jacob's) Bombay Native Infantry]] also known as 3rd Belooch Regiment (now 12 Baloch).{{sfn|Heathcote|1999|p=190}} He first saw action with the Zhob Valley expedition of 1890 after which he was posted to the [[124th Duchess of Connaught's Own Baluchistan Infantry|24th (Baluchistan) Regiment of Bombay Infantry]] (now 6 Baloch) in 1891.{{sfn|Heathcote|1999|p=190}} Promoted to [[Captain (British Army and Royal Marines)|captain]] on 9 September 1893<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=26458|page=6357|date=14 November 1893}}</ref> and to [[Major (United Kingdom)|major]] on 10 July 1901,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=27362|page=6487|date=4 October 1901}}</ref> he was selected to command the Zhob Levy Corps, which kept the peace in the [[North-West Frontier Province (1901–1955)|North West Frontier Province]] along the [[Waziristan]] and Southern [[Afghanistan]] border.{{sfn|Heathcote|1999|p=190}} He took part in the blockade of the [[Mahsud]] [[Wazir (Pashtun tribe)|Waziri]] tribe at the end of 1901.<ref name=odnb/> Promoted to [[Lieutenant colonel (United Kingdom)|lieutenant colonel]] on 1 October 1904,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=27751|page=151|date=6 January 1905}}</ref> he was given command of the [[106th Hazara Pioneers]].{{sfn|Heathcote|1999|p=190}} Promoted to [[Brevet (rank)|brevet]] [[Colonel (United Kingdom)|colonel]] on 1 October 1908<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=28247|page=3389|date=4 May 1909}}</ref> and to full colonel on 1 January 1911,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=28487|page=3095|date=21 April 1911}}</ref> he was appointed as a [[Staff (military)|general staff officer grade 1]] (GSO1) of the Meerut Division on 2 September 1912.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=28657|page=7869|date=25 October 1912}}</ref>


[[File:General Sir Claud William Jacob, Kcb Art.IWMART1812.jpg|thumb|left|A half length portrait of General Sir Claud Jacob in uniform, 1 March 1917.]]
[[File:General Sir Claud William Jacob, Kcb Art.IWMART1812.jpg|thumb|left|A half length portrait of General Sir Claud Jacob in uniform, 1 March 1917.]]


At the outbreak of the [[World War I|First World War]] in 1914, Jacob went with the Meerut division, part of the Indian corps, to the [[Western Front (World War I)|Western Front]].<ref name=heath190/> He saw action at the closing stages of the [[Battle of La Bassée]] in October 1914.<ref name=heath190/> Promoted to temporary [[brigadier-general]] on 5 January 1915, he was appointed to command the Dehra Dun Brigade,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=29075|supp=y|page=1710|date=16 February 1915}}</ref> and led the brigade at the [[Battle of Neuve Chapelle]] in March 1915 and the [[Battle of Aubers Ridge]] in May 1915.<ref name=heath190/> Promoted to temporary [[major-general]] on 7 September 1915,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=29319|supp=y|page=9871|date=5 October 1915}}</ref> he became General Officer Commanding the Meerut division and led the division at the [[Battle of Loos]] in October 1915.<ref name=heath190/> With the Indian Corps was preparing to leave the Western front, he was appointed to take over the [[21st Division (United Kingdom)|21st Division]] of the "New Armies" on 18 November 1915.<ref name=heath190/> Promoted to the substantive rank of major-general on 1 January 1916<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=29438|supp=y|page=568|date=11 January 1916}}</ref> and despite being wounded in March 1916,<ref name=heath191>Heathcote, p. 191</ref> he was promoted to temporary [[lieutenant-general]] on 28 May 1916<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=29633|supp=y|page=6193|date=20 June 1916}}</ref> and appointed to command [[II Corps (United Kingdom)|II Corps]] in the [[Fifth Army (United Kingdom)|Fifth Army]] in September 1916.<ref name=heath191/> During the [[Battle of the Somme]], his corps undertook the British attack during the [[Battle of Thiepval Ridge]] in September 1916 and the subsequent assault on St Pierre Divion during the [[Battle of the Ancre]] in November 1916.<ref name=odnb/> He remained in command of II Corps, having been promoted to the substantive rank of [[lieutenant-general]] on 3 June 1917,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=30111|supp=y|page=5463|date=1 June 1917}}</ref> for the [[Battle of Passchendaele]] in Autumn 1917.<ref name=heath191/>
==First World War==
Shortly after the outbreak of the [[World War I|First World War]] in the summer of 1914, Jacob went with the Meerut Division, part of the Indian Corps, to the [[Western Front (World War I)|Western Front]], where he saw action at the closing stages of the [[Battle of La Bassée]] in October.{{sfn|Heathcote|1999|p=190}} Promoted to temporary [[Brigadier (United Kingdom)|brigadier-general]] on 5 January 1915, he was appointed to command the Dehra Dun Brigade,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=29075|supp=y|page=1710|date=16 February 1915}}</ref> and led the brigade at the [[Battle of Neuve Chapelle]] in March 1915 and then in [[Battle of Aubers Ridge]] in May.{{sfn|Heathcote|1999|p=190}}


Jacob commanded a corps of the [[British Army of the Rhine]] during the [[occupation of the Rhineland|occupation there]].<ref name=heath191/> He became [[Chief of the General Staff (India)|Chief of the General Staff in India]] in January 1920 and was then both promoted to full [[general]]<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=32185|supp=y|page=12384|date=14 December 1920}}</ref> and appointed [[Aide-de-Camp]] to [[George V of the United Kingdom|King George V]] on 31 May 1920.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=32185|page=186|date=7 January 1921}}</ref> He returned home to [[England]] in 1924, and in November of that year was given the [[Northern Command (India)|Northern Command]] in India.<ref name=heath191/> When [[Henry Rawlinson, 1st Baron Rawlinson|Lord Rawlinson]] died in March 1925, he acted temporarily as [[Commander-in-Chief, India]],<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=33037|page=2469|date=10 April 1925}}</ref> until [[William Birdwood|Sir William Birdwood]] took over that role in August 1925 and Jacob returned home again.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=33081|page=5841|date=4 September 1925}}</ref> He took up the appointment of [[Military Secretary to the India Office]] in April 1926<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=33189|page=5206|date=6 August 1926}}</ref> and, having been promoted [[Field marshal (United Kingdom)|field marshal]] on 30 November 1926,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=33225|page=7814|date=30 November 1926}}</ref> he remained at the India Office until he retired in May 1930.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=33613|page=3572|date=6 June 1930}}</ref>
Promoted to temporary [[Major general (United Kingdom)|major general]] on 7 September 1915,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=29319|supp=y|page=9871|date=5 October 1915}}</ref> he became [[general officer commanding]] (GOC) of the Meerut Division and led the division at the [[Battle of Loos]] the following month.{{sfn|Heathcote|1999|p=190}} While the Indian Corps was preparing to leave the Western front, he was appointed to take over as GOC of the [[21st Division (United Kingdom)|21st Division]] of the "New Armies" (see [[Kitchener's Army]]) on 18 November 1915, taking over from Major General [[George Forestier-Walker]].{{sfn|Heathcote|1999|p=190}}


In retirement Jacob became [[Constable of the Tower|Constable]] of the [[Tower of London]].<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=34495|page=1936|date=22 March 1938}}</ref> He was also Colonel of 2nd Battalion The Baluch Regiment (now 7th Battalion The [[Baloch Regiment]]),<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=33447|supp=y|page=8255|date=14 December 1928}}</ref> Colonel of the [[106th Hazara Pioneers]]<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=29651|page=6613|date=4 July 1916}}</ref> and Colonel of the [[Worcestershire Regiment]].<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=33265|page=2408|date=12 April 1927}}</ref> In January 1936 he attended the funeral of [[George V|King George V]]<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=34279|supp=y|page=2763|date=29 April 1936}}</ref> and in May 1937 he attended the coronation of [[George VI|King George VI]].<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=34453|supp=y|page=7035|date=10 November 1937}}</ref> He died at [[King's College Hospital]] in London on 2 June 1948 at the age of 84.<ref name=heath191/>{{sfn|Davies|1997|p=154}}
He was promoted to the substantive rank of major-general on 1 January 1916 "for distinguished service in the Field".<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=29438|supp=y|page=568|date=11 January 1916}}</ref>{{sfn|Heathcote|1999|pp=190-191}} He was [[wounded in action]] on 4 March 1916:
 
{{Quote|Armentières. The enemy bombardment of the town commencing at 5pm. with shells of all calibres up to 5.9'. The bullet of the L-G.O.C. was hit and the G.S.O.1, Lieut.-Colonel Daniell, killed and his G.O.C. wounded.{{sfn|Davies|1997|p=154}}}}
 
After returning briefly to his division in April he was promoted to temporary [[Lieutenant-general (United Kingdom)|lieutenant general]] on 28 May 1916<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=29633|supp=y|page=6193|date=20 June 1916}}</ref> and succeeded Lieutenant General [[Sir Charles Fergusson, 7th Baronet|Sir Charles Fergusson]] as GOC [[II Corps (United Kingdom)|II Corps]] in the [[Fifth Army (United Kingdom)|Fifth Army]] in September 1916.{{sfn|Heathcote|1999|p=191}} During the [[Battle of the Somme]], his corps undertook the British attack during the [[Battle of Thiepval Ridge]] in September 1916 and the subsequent assault on St Pierre Divion during the [[Battle of the Ancre]] in November.<ref name=odnb/> He remained in command of II Corps, having been promoted to the substantive rank of lieutenant-general on 3 June 1917,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=30111|supp=y|page=5463|date=1 June 1917}}</ref> for the [[Battle of Passchendaele]] in the autumn of 1917 and for the rest of the war and into 1919.{{sfn|Heathcote|1999|p=191}}
 
[[File:Le général Mangin causant au général (Claud William) Jacob au quartier général anglais à Cologne (5-9-19) - btv1b53029933x.jpg|thumb|left|Jacob and French General [[Charles Mangin]], [[Cologne]], May 1919.]]
 
==Post-war==
With the war now over, Jacob commanded a corps of the [[British Army of the Rhine]] during the [[occupation of the Rhineland]].{{sfn|Heathcote|1999|p=191}} He became [[Chief of the General Staff (India)|Chief of the General Staff in India]] in January 1920 and was then both promoted to full [[General (United Kingdom)|general]] and appointed [[aide-de-camp]] to [[George V|King George V]] on 31 May 1920.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=32185|supp=y|page=12384|date=14 December 1920}}</ref><ref>{{London Gazette|issue=32185|page=186|date=7 January 1921}}</ref> He returned home to [[England]] in 1924, and in November of that year was given the [[Northern Command (India)|Northern Command]] in India.{{sfn|Heathcote|1999|p=191}} When General [[Henry Rawlinson, 1st Baron Rawlinson|Lord Rawlinson]] died in March 1925, he acted temporarily as [[Commander-in-Chief, India]], until General Sir [[William Birdwood]] took over that role in August 1925 and Jacob returned home again.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=33037|page=2469|date=10 April 1925}}</ref><ref>{{London Gazette|issue=33081|page=5841|date=4 September 1925}}</ref> He took up the appointment of [[Military Secretary to the India Office]] in April 1926 and, having been promoted [[Field marshal (United Kingdom)|field marshal]] on 30 November 1926, he remained at the India Office until he retired from the army in May 1930.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=33189|page=5206|date=6 August 1926}}</ref><ref>{{London Gazette|issue=33225|page=7814|date=30 November 1926}}</ref><ref>{{London Gazette|issue=33613|page=3572|date=6 June 1930}}</ref>
 
In retirement Jacob became [[Constable of the Tower|constable]] of the [[Tower of London]].<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=34495|page=1936|date=22 March 1938}}</ref> He was also Colonel of 2nd Battalion, The Baluch Regiment (now 7th Battalion The [[Baloch Regiment]]),<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=33447|supp=y|page=8255|date=14 December 1928}}</ref> colonel of the [[106th Hazara Pioneers]]<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=29651|page=6613|date=4 July 1916}}</ref> and colonel of the Worcestershire Regiment.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=33265|page=2408|date=12 April 1927}}</ref> In January 1936 he attended the funeral of [[George V|King George V]]<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=34279|supp=y|page=2763|date=29 April 1936}}</ref> and in May 1937 he attended the coronation of [[George VI|King George VI]].<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=34453|supp=y|page=7035|date=10 November 1937}}</ref>
 
He became honorary colonel of the [[Seaforth Highlanders]] in March 1940.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=34802|page=1238|date=27 February 1940|supp=y}}</ref> He died at [[King's College Hospital]] in London on 2 June 1948 at the age of eighty-four.{{sfn|Davies|1997|p=154}}{{sfn|Heathcote|1999|p=191}}


==Family==
==Family==
[[File:Chateauwood.jpg|thumb|right|300px|The Battle of Passchendaele, at which Jacob commanded II Corps, during the First World War]]
[[File:Chateauwood.jpg|thumb|right|300px|The Battle of Passchendaele, at which Jacob commanded II Corps, during the First World War]]
In 1894, he married Clara Pauline Wyatt, daughter of the Reverend J. L. Wyatt, well known as a missionary and student of oriental languages in India, and also a lecturer in Tamil at [[Cambridge University]] from 1895 to 1929. The couple had one son, [[Ian Jacob|Edward Ian Claud Jacob]], who later became Assistant Military Secretary of the War Cabinet and [[Director-General of the BBC]].<ref>Miall, p. 91–101</ref>
In 1894, he married Clara Pauline Wyatt, daughter of the Reverend J. L. Wyatt, well known as a missionary and student of oriental languages in India, and also a lecturer in Tamil at [[Cambridge University]] from 1895 to 1929. The couple had one son, [[Ian Jacob|Edward Ian Claud Jacob]], who later became Assistant Military Secretary of the War Cabinet and [[Director-General of the BBC]].{{sfn|Miall|1994|p=91–101}}


==Honours==
==Honours==
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*[[Order of St Michael and St George|KCMG]] – 1 January 1919<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=31092|supp=y|page=3|date=31 December 1918}}</ref>
*[[Order of St Michael and St George|KCMG]] – 1 January 1919<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=31092|supp=y|page=3|date=31 December 1918}}</ref>
*[[Order of the Star of India|GCSI]] – 3 June 1930<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=33611|supp=y|page=3476|date=30 May 1930}}</ref> (KCSI – 1 January 1924<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=32893|supp=y|page=4|date=28 December 1923}}</ref>)
*[[Order of the Star of India|GCSI]] – 3 June 1930<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=33611|supp=y|page=3476|date=30 May 1930}}</ref> (KCSI – 1 January 1924<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=32893|supp=y|page=4|date=28 December 1923}}</ref>)
*[[Order of the Bath|GCB]] – 3 July 1926<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=33179|supp=y|page=4403|date=2 July 1926}}</ref> (KCB – 1917; CB – 1915)<ref name=heath191/>
*[[Order of the Bath|GCB]] – 3 July 1926<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=33179|supp=y|page=4403|date=2 July 1926}}</ref> (KCB – 1917;<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=29886|page=2|date=29 December 1916|supp=y}}</ref> CB – 1915)<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=29202|page=6111|date=22 June 1915|supp=y}}</ref>
* Knight of Grace of the [[Venerable Order of Saint John]] – 19 June 1926<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=33174|page=4037|date=22 June 1926}}</ref>
* Knight of Grace of the [[Venerable Order of Saint John]] – 19 June 1926<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=33174|page=4037|date=22 June 1926}}</ref>
'''Foreign'''
'''Foreign'''
*[[Order of Saint Vladimir]], 4th Class, with Swords (Russia) - 25 August 1915<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=29275 |supp=y |date=25 August 1915 |page=8504}}</ref>
*Grand Officer of the [[Order of the Crown (Belgium)|Order of the Crown]] (Belgium) – 11 March 1918<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=30568|supp=y|page=3094|date=8 March 1918}}</ref>
*Grand Officer of the [[Order of the Crown (Belgium)|Order of the Crown]] (Belgium) – 11 March 1918<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=30568|supp=y|page=3094|date=8 March 1918}}</ref>
*Grand Officer of the [[Legion of Honour]] (France) – 15 December 1919<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=31688|supp=y|page=15577|date=12 December 1919}}</ref>
*Grand Officer of the [[Legion of Honour]] (France) – 15 December 1919<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=31688|supp=y|page=15577|date=12 December 1919}}</ref>
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==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|20em}}
{{Reflist}}


==Bibliography==
==Bibliography==
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==External links==
==External links==
*[https://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.geocities.com/myjacobfamily/CLAUDE&date=2009-10-26+02:28:19 Images of Claud Jacob]
*[https://generals.dk/general/Jacob/Claud_William/Great_Britain.html Generals of World War II]
*[https://archive.today/20240524170803/https://www.webcitation.org/5ko41SEjA?url=http://www.geocities.com/myjacobfamily/CLAUDE Images of Claud Jacob]
*[http://www.worcestershireregiment.com/wr.php?main=inc/c_jacob Profile on Worcestershire Regiment site]
*[http://www.worcestershireregiment.com/wr.php?main=inc/c_jacob Profile on Worcestershire Regiment site]
{{Clear}}


{{s-start}}
{{s-start}}
{{s-mil}}
{{s-mil}}
{{s-bef|before=[[George Forestier-Walker]]}}  
{{s-bef|before=[[George Forestier-Walker]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[21st Division (United Kingdom)|GOC 21st Division]]|years=1915–1916}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[21st Division (United Kingdom)|GOC 21st Division]]|years=1915–1916}}
{{s-aft|after=[[David Campbell (British Army officer)|David Campbell]]}}
{{s-aft|after=[[David Campbell (British Army officer)|David Campbell]]}}
|-
{{s-break}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Sir Charles Fergusson, 7th Baronet|Charles Fergusson]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Sir Charles Fergusson, 7th Baronet|Charles Fergusson]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[II Corps (United Kingdom)|GOC II Corps]]|years=September 1916 – September 1919}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[II Corps (United Kingdom)|GOC II Corps]]|years=1916–1919}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Alexander Godley|Sir Alexander Godley]]}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Alexander Godley|Sir Alexander Godley]]}}
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Latest revision as of 05:12, 27 March 2026


Field Marshal

Sir Claud Jacob

GCB GCSI KCMG
Lieutenant-General Claud Jacob, c.  1916
Born(1863-11-21)21 November 1863
Mahidpur, British India
Died2 June 1948(1948-06-02) (aged 84)
Service/branchIndian Army
Years of service1882–1925
RankField Marshal
Commands heldCommander-in-Chief, India
Northern Command, India
Chief of the General Staff (India)
II Corps
21st Division
106th Hazara Pioneers
Zhob Levy Corps
Battles/warsNorth-West Frontier
First World War
AwardsKnight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India
Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George
RelationsLieutenant General Sir Ian Jacob (son)

Field Marshal Sir Claud William Jacob, GCB, GCSI, KCMG (21 November 1863 – 2 June 1948) was a British Indian Army officer. He served in the First World War as commander of the Dehra Dun Brigade, as General Officer Commanding 21st Division and as General Officer Commanding II Corps in the Fifth Army. During the Battle of the Somme, his corps undertook the British attack during the Battle of Thiepval Ridge in September 1916 and the subsequent assault on St Pierre Divion during the Battle of the Ancre in November 1916. He remained in command of II Corps for the Battle of Passchendaele in Autumn 1917. After the War he commanded a corps of the British Army of the Rhine during the occupation there and then served as Chief of the General Staff in India. He went on to be General Officer Commanding Northern Command in India before temporarily becoming Commander-in-Chief, India and then taking over as Military Secretary to the India Office.

Early life[edit | edit source]

Jacob was born on 21 November 1863, at Mahidpur in the Bombay Presidency of British India, to Major-General William Jacob and Eliza Jacob.[1]

Early military career[edit | edit source]

Educated at Sherborne School, he passed into Sandhurst and was commissioned into the Worcestershire Regiment on 9 September 1882.[2][3] On 16 December 1884, stationed at Quetta, he secured his transfer from the Worcestershire Regiment[4] to the Indian Army [5] and, in July 1886, he became adjutant of the 30th Regiment (Jacob's) Bombay Native Infantry also known as 3rd Belooch Regiment (now 12 Baloch).[6] He first saw action with the Zhob Valley expedition of 1890 after which he was posted to the 24th (Baluchistan) Regiment of Bombay Infantry (now 6 Baloch) in 1891.[6] Promoted to captain on 9 September 1893[7] and to major on 10 July 1901,[8] he was selected to command the Zhob Levy Corps, which kept the peace in the North West Frontier Province along the Waziristan and Southern Afghanistan border.[6] He took part in the blockade of the Mahsud Waziri tribe at the end of 1901.[1] Promoted to lieutenant colonel on 1 October 1904,[9] he was given command of the 106th Hazara Pioneers.[6] Promoted to brevet colonel on 1 October 1908[10] and to full colonel on 1 January 1911,[11] he was appointed as a general staff officer grade 1 (GSO1) of the Meerut Division on 2 September 1912.[12]

A half length portrait of General Sir Claud Jacob in uniform, 1 March 1917.

First World War[edit | edit source]

Shortly after the outbreak of the First World War in the summer of 1914, Jacob went with the Meerut Division, part of the Indian Corps, to the Western Front, where he saw action at the closing stages of the Battle of La Bassée in October.[6] Promoted to temporary brigadier-general on 5 January 1915, he was appointed to command the Dehra Dun Brigade,[13] and led the brigade at the Battle of Neuve Chapelle in March 1915 and then in Battle of Aubers Ridge in May.[6]

Promoted to temporary major general on 7 September 1915,[14] he became general officer commanding (GOC) of the Meerut Division and led the division at the Battle of Loos the following month.[6] While the Indian Corps was preparing to leave the Western front, he was appointed to take over as GOC of the 21st Division of the "New Armies" (see Kitchener's Army) on 18 November 1915, taking over from Major General George Forestier-Walker.[6]

He was promoted to the substantive rank of major-general on 1 January 1916 "for distinguished service in the Field".[15][16] He was wounded in action on 4 March 1916:

Armentières. The enemy bombardment of the town commencing at 5pm. with shells of all calibres up to 5.9'. The bullet of the L-G.O.C. was hit and the G.S.O.1, Lieut.-Colonel Daniell, killed and his G.O.C. wounded.[3]

After returning briefly to his division in April he was promoted to temporary lieutenant general on 28 May 1916[17] and succeeded Lieutenant General Sir Charles Fergusson as GOC II Corps in the Fifth Army in September 1916.[18] During the Battle of the Somme, his corps undertook the British attack during the Battle of Thiepval Ridge in September 1916 and the subsequent assault on St Pierre Divion during the Battle of the Ancre in November.[1] He remained in command of II Corps, having been promoted to the substantive rank of lieutenant-general on 3 June 1917,[19] for the Battle of Passchendaele in the autumn of 1917 and for the rest of the war and into 1919.[18]

Jacob and French General Charles Mangin, Cologne, May 1919.

Post-war[edit | edit source]

With the war now over, Jacob commanded a corps of the British Army of the Rhine during the occupation of the Rhineland.[18] He became Chief of the General Staff in India in January 1920 and was then both promoted to full general and appointed aide-de-camp to King George V on 31 May 1920.[20][21] He returned home to England in 1924, and in November of that year was given the Northern Command in India.[18] When General Lord Rawlinson died in March 1925, he acted temporarily as Commander-in-Chief, India, until General Sir William Birdwood took over that role in August 1925 and Jacob returned home again.[22][23] He took up the appointment of Military Secretary to the India Office in April 1926 and, having been promoted field marshal on 30 November 1926, he remained at the India Office until he retired from the army in May 1930.[24][25][26]

In retirement Jacob became constable of the Tower of London.[27] He was also Colonel of 2nd Battalion, The Baluch Regiment (now 7th Battalion The Baloch Regiment),[28] colonel of the 106th Hazara Pioneers[29] and colonel of the Worcestershire Regiment.[30] In January 1936 he attended the funeral of King George V[31] and in May 1937 he attended the coronation of King George VI.[32]

He became honorary colonel of the Seaforth Highlanders in March 1940.[33] He died at King's College Hospital in London on 2 June 1948 at the age of eighty-four.[3][18]

Family[edit | edit source]

The Battle of Passchendaele, at which Jacob commanded II Corps, during the First World War

In 1894, he married Clara Pauline Wyatt, daughter of the Reverend J. L. Wyatt, well known as a missionary and student of oriental languages in India, and also a lecturer in Tamil at Cambridge University from 1895 to 1929. The couple had one son, Edward Ian Claud Jacob, who later became Assistant Military Secretary of the War Cabinet and Director-General of the BBC.[34]

Honours[edit | edit source]

British

Foreign

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Sir Claud Jacob". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Retrieved 25 May 2013.
  2. ↑ "No. 25145". The London Gazette. 8 September 1882. p. 4178.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Davies 1997, p. 154.
  4. ↑ "No. 25440". The London Gazette. 10 February 1885. p. 576.
  5. ↑ "No. 25568". The London Gazette. 16 March 1886. p. 1284.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 Heathcote 1999, p. 190.
  7. ↑ "No. 26458". The London Gazette. 14 November 1893. p. 6357.
  8. ↑ "No. 27362". The London Gazette. 4 October 1901. p. 6487.
  9. ↑ "No. 27751". The London Gazette. 6 January 1905. p. 151.
  10. ↑ "No. 28247". The London Gazette. 4 May 1909. p. 3389.
  11. ↑ "No. 28487". The London Gazette. 21 April 1911. p. 3095.
  12. ↑ "No. 28657". The London Gazette. 25 October 1912. p. 7869.
  13. ↑ "No. 29075". The London Gazette (Supplement). 16 February 1915. p. 1710.
  14. ↑ "No. 29319". The London Gazette (Supplement). 5 October 1915. p. 9871.
  15. ↑ "No. 29438". The London Gazette (Supplement). 11 January 1916. p. 568.
  16. ↑ Heathcote 1999, pp. 190-191.
  17. ↑ "No. 29633". The London Gazette (Supplement). 20 June 1916. p. 6193.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 Heathcote 1999, p. 191.
  19. ↑ "No. 30111". The London Gazette (Supplement). 1 June 1917. p. 5463.
  20. ↑ "No. 32185". The London Gazette (Supplement). 14 December 1920. p. 12384.
  21. ↑ "No. 32185". The London Gazette. 7 January 1921. p. 186.
  22. ↑ "No. 33037". The London Gazette. 10 April 1925. p. 2469.
  23. ↑ "No. 33081". The London Gazette. 4 September 1925. p. 5841.
  24. ↑ "No. 33189". The London Gazette. 6 August 1926. p. 5206.
  25. ↑ "No. 33225". The London Gazette. 30 November 1926. p. 7814.
  26. ↑ "No. 33613". The London Gazette. 6 June 1930. p. 3572.
  27. ↑ "No. 34495". The London Gazette. 22 March 1938. p. 1936.
  28. ↑ "No. 33447". The London Gazette (Supplement). 14 December 1928. p. 8255.
  29. ↑ "No. 29651". The London Gazette. 4 July 1916. p. 6613.
  30. ↑ "No. 33265". The London Gazette. 12 April 1927. p. 2408.
  31. ↑ "No. 34279". The London Gazette (Supplement). 29 April 1936. p. 2763.
  32. ↑ "No. 34453". The London Gazette (Supplement). 10 November 1937. p. 7035.
  33. ↑ "No. 34802". The London Gazette (Supplement). 27 February 1940. p. 1238.
  34. ↑ Miall 1994, p. 91–101.
  35. ↑ "No. 31092". The London Gazette (Supplement). 31 December 1918. p. 3.
  36. ↑ "No. 33611". The London Gazette (Supplement). 30 May 1930. p. 3476.
  37. ↑ "No. 32893". The London Gazette (Supplement). 28 December 1923. p. 4.
  38. ↑ "No. 33179". The London Gazette (Supplement). 2 July 1926. p. 4403.
  39. ↑ "No. 29886". The London Gazette (Supplement). 29 December 1916. p. 2.
  40. ↑ "No. 29202". The London Gazette (Supplement). 22 June 1915. p. 6111.
  41. ↑ "No. 33174". The London Gazette. 22 June 1926. p. 4037.
  42. ↑ "No. 29275". The London Gazette (Supplement). 25 August 1915. p. 8504.
  43. ↑ "No. 30568". The London Gazette (Supplement). 8 March 1918. p. 3094.
  44. ↑ "No. 31688". The London Gazette (Supplement). 12 December 1919. p. 15577.
  45. ↑ "No. 31109". The London Gazette (Supplement). 3 January 1919. p. 313.
  46. ↑ "No. 31451". The London Gazette (Supplement). 11 July 1919. p. 8938.

Bibliography[edit | edit source]

  • Davies, Frank (1997). Bloody Red Tabs: General Officer Casualties of the Great War 1914–1918. London: Pen & Sword Books. ISBN 978-0-85052-463-5.
  • Heathcote, Tony (1999). The British Field Marshals 1736–1997. Barnsley (UK): Pen & Sword. ISBN 0-85052-696-5.
  • Miall, Leonard (1994). Inside the BBC: British Broadcasting Characters. Weidenfeld and Nicolson. ISBN 0-297-81328-5.

External links[edit | edit source]

Template:S-hon
Military offices
Preceded by
George Forestier-Walker 		GOC 21st Division
1915–1916 		Succeeded by
David Campbell
Preceded by
Charles Fergusson 		GOC II Corps
1916–1919 		Succeeded by
Sir Alexander Godley
Preceded by
Sir George Kirkpatrick 		Chief of the General Staff (India)
1920–1924 		Succeeded by
Sir Andrew Skeen
Preceded by
Sir William Birdwood 		GOC-in-C, Northern Command, India
1924–1925 		Succeeded by
Sir Alexander Cobbe
Preceded by
Sir Henry Rawlinson 		Commander-in-Chief, India
1925 		Succeeded by
Sir William Birdwood
Preceded by
Sir Alexander Cobbe 		Military Secretary to the India Office
1926–1930 		Succeeded by
Sir Alexander Cobbe
Preceded by
Baron Milne 		Constable of the Tower of London
1943–1948 		Succeeded by
Baron Chetwode
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