List of Tamil monarchs: Difference between revisions

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{{short description|Bharatpedia list article}}
{{short description|List of Tamil speaking monarchs around the world}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Cleanup|reason=Too many vague unreferenced names|date=December 2021}}
{{More citations needed|date=December 2021}}
{{Unreliable sources|date=December 2021}}
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{{TNhistory}}
{{TNhistory}}
This is a list of [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-speaking monarchs, who ruled in [[Tamilakam]] and [[Sri Lanka]] and parts of south east Asia. The ancient Tamil monarchy was largely hereditary and supported by numerous chieftains.<ref>Splendours of Tamil Nadu. p.146</ref>
 
This is a list of [[Tamils|ethnically Tamil]] and predominantly [[Tamil language|Tamil speaking]] monarchs, who ruled in [[Southern India]] and parts of [[Sri Lanka]] and [[South East Asia]]. The ancient Tamil monarchy was largely hereditary and supported by numerous chieftains.<ref>Splendours of Tamil Nadu. p.146</ref>
{{TOC limit|limit=3}}


==Tamil royal titles==
==Tamil royal titles==


* Perun-Ko, Perarasan, Irai, Iraivan (emperor)
* '' Tribhuvana Chakravarti/Chakravarti(Emperor)''
* Perarasi (empress)
* ''Perarasi/Mahadevi'' (Empress)
* Ko, Arasan, Mannan, Aliyan or Araiyan (king)
* Devar (King)
* Arasi (queen)
* Devi/kundhi (Queen)
* Ilavarasi or Piratti (Princess)
* ''Ko, Arasan, Mannan, Aliyan'' or ''Araiyan''  (head of stamping)
* Ilam-Ko or Ilavarasan (prince)
* ''Arasi'' (Queen)
* Kuru-nila Mannan or Chitarasan (petty king)
* ''Ilavarasi'' or ''Piratti'' (Princess)
* Chitarasi (petty queen)
* ''Ilam-Ko'' or ''Ilavarasan'' (Prince)
* Antavan (ruler)
* ''Kuru-nila Mannan'' or ''Chittrarasan'' (Regional King)
* ''Chittrarasi'' (Regional Queen)


==Three Crowned Kings==
==Three Crowned Kings==
{{Main|Three Crowned Kings}}
{{Main|Three Crowned Kings}}


[[File:South India in Sangam Period.jpg|thumb|300px|Tamilakam in the ''''[[Sangam Period]]'''.]]
[[File:South India in Sangam Period Tamilakam.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Tamilakam]] in the ''''[[Sangam Period]]'''.]]
 
The three crowned kings known as Muvendar were the traditional three Tamil dynasties that ruled the Tamilakam since the Sangam era.


* [[Chera]]
* [[Chera]]
* [[Chola]]
* [[Chola]]
* [[Pandya]]
* [[Pandyan]]


==[[Pandyan Kingdom]]==
==Pandyan dynasty (c. 600 BCE – 1620 CE)==
{{main|Pandyan dynasty}}
[[File:Pandya Kingdom (south India).png|thumb|Pandyan Empire at greatest extent]]


===Early Pandyans (6th century BCE – 3rd century CE)===
===Early Pandyans (c. 6th century BCE – 3rd century CE)===
{{main|Early Pandyan Kingdom}}


* Koon Pandiyan
* [[Koon Pandiyan]] ([[:ta:அரிகேசரி]])
* [[Nedunjeliyan I]] (he was mentioned in legend of [[Kannagi]])
* [[Nedunjeliyan I]] (he was mentioned in legend of [[Kannagi (Tamil mythology)|Kannagi]])
* Pudappandiyan
* Pudappandiyan
* Mudukudumi Peruvazhudhi
* Mudukudumi Peruvazhudhi
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* Ukkirap Peruvazhudhi
* Ukkirap Peruvazhudhi


===Medieval Pandyans (6th – 10th centuries CE)===
===Imperial Pandyans (590–920 CE)===
 
* [[Kadungon]] (590–620 CE)
* [[Kadungon]] (590–620 CE)
* [[Maravarman Avani Culamani]] (c. 620-645 CE)
* [[Maravarman Avani Culamani]] (620-645 CE)
* [[Jayantavarman]] (c. 645-670 CE)
* [[Jayantavarman]] (645-670 CE)
* [[Arikesari Maravarman|Arikesari Maravarman Nindraseer Nedumaaran]] (c. 670–710 CE)
* [[Arikesari Maravarman|Arikesari Maravarman Nindraseer Nedumaaran]] (670–710 CE)
* [[Kochadaiyan Ranadhiran]] (710 CE-735 CE)
* [[Kochadaiyan Ranadhiran]] (710–735 CE)
* [[Maravarman Rajasimha I|Arikesari Parankusa Maravarman Rajasimha I]] (735–765)
* [[Maravarman Rajasimha I|Arikesari Parankusa Maravarman Rajasimha I]] (735–765 CE)
* Parantaka Nedunjadaiyan (765–815)
* Parantaka Nedunjadaiyan (765–815 CE)
* Rasasingan II (790–800)
* Rasasingan II (790–800) CE
* Varagunan I (800–830)
* Varagunan I (800–830 CE)
* [[Srimara Srivallabha]] (815–862)  
* [[Srimara Srivallabha]] (815–862 CE)  
* [[Varagunavarman II]] (862–880)
* [[Varagunavarman II]] (862–880 CE)
* Parantaka Viranarayana (880–900)
* Parantaka Viranarayana (880–900 CE)
* [[Maravarman Rajasimha II]] (900–920)
* [[Maravarman Rajasimha II]] (900–920 CE)


===Pandyans under Chola empire (10th – 13th centuries)===
===Pandyans under Chola empire (920–1216 CE)===
{{main|Chola dynasty}}


*Sundara Pandyan I
*Sundara Pandyan I (920 CE)
*Vira Pandyan I
*Veera Pandyan I
*Vira Pandyan II
*Veera Pandyan II
*Amarabhujanga Tivrakopa
*Amarabhujanga Tivrakopa
*Jatavarman Sundara Chola Pandyan
*Jatavarman Sundara Chola Pandyan
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*Seervallabha Manakulachala (1101–1124)
*Seervallabha Manakulachala (1101–1124)
*Maaravaramban Seervallaban (1132–1161)
*Maaravaramban Seervallaban (1132–1161)
*[[Parakrama Pandyan I]] (1161–1162)
*[[Parakrama Pandyan I]] (1161–1162 CE)
*Kulasekara Pandyan III
*Kulasekara Pandyan III
*Vira Pandyan III
*Vira Pandyan III
*Jatavarman Srivallaban (1175–1180)
*Jatavarman Srivallaban (1175–1180 CE)
*[[Jatavarman Kulasekaran I]] (1190–1216)
*[[Jatavarman Kulasekaran I]] (1190–1216 CE)
 
===Later Pandyans (1212–1345 CE)===
*[[Parakrama Pandyan II]] (1212–1215 CE)
*[[Maravarman Sundara Pandyan]] (1216–1238 CE)
*[[Sadayavarman Kulasekaran II]] (1238–1240 CE)
*[[Maravarman Sundara Pandyan II]] (1238–1251 CE)
*[[Jatavarman Sundara Pandyan]] (1251–1268 CE)
*[[Maaravarman Kulasekara Pandyan I]] (1268–1308 CE)
*Sundara Pandyan IV (1309–1327 CE)
*Vira Pandyan IV (1309–1345 CE)
 
===Tenkasi Pandyans (1422–1620 CE)===
{{Main|Tenkasi Pandyas}}
 
During the 15th century, the Pandyans lost their traditional capital city [[Madurai]] to [[Delhi Sultanate]], and were forced to move their capital to [[Tirunelveli]] in southern [[Tamilakam]] and existed there as vassals.
 
* Cataiyavarman Parakrama Pandyan (1422–1463 CE)
* Cataiyavarman III Kulasekara Pandyan (1429–1473 CE)
* [[Azhagan Perumal Parakrama Pandyan]] (1473–1506 CE)
* Kulasekara Pandyan (1479–1499 CE)
* Cataiyavarman Civallappa Pandyan (1534–1543 CE)
* Parakrama Kulasekara Pandyan (1543–1552 CE)
* Nelveli Maran (1552–1564 CE)
* Cataiyavarman Adiveerama Pandyan (1564–1604 CE)
* Varathunga Pandyan (1588–1612 CE)
* Varakunarama Pandyan (1613–1618 CE)
* Kollankondan ( Approx 1620 CE)
 
'''Mutharaiyar (raiyar)(600 and 850 CE)'''
 
Mutharaiyar dynasty is one of the royal dynasty in Tamil Nadu state of India. Mutharaiyars ruled Tanjore, Trichy and Pudukottai regions from 600 CE to 850 CE.
 
Admirable accounts of Mutharaiyar kings are found in the Tamil epics [[Nālaṭiyār]] and Muthollaayiram
 
Kuvavan Maaran alias Perumbidugu Mutharaiyar I (650-680 CE)
 
Maaran Parameswaran alias Ilangovadiaraiyan (680 -705 CE)  


===Later Pandyans (13th – 14th centuries)===
Suvaran Maran alias [[Perumbidugu Mutharaiyar II]] (705-745 CE)


*[[Parakrama Pandyan II]] (1212–1215)
Videlviduku Satan Maran(745 -770 CE)
*[[Maravarman Sundara Pandyan]] (1216–1238)
*[[Sadayavarman Kulasekaran II]] (1238–1240)
*[[Maravarman Sundara Pandyan II]] (1238–1251)
*[[Jatavarman Sundara Pandyan]] (1251–1268)
*[[Maaravarman Kulasekara Pandyan I]] (1268–1308)
*Sundara Pandyan IV (1309–1327)
*Vira Pandyan IV (1309–1345)


===Tenkasi Pandyans (15th – 17th centuries)===
Peradiarayan alias Marbiduku(770-791 CE)


During the 15th century, the Pandyans lost their traditional capital city [[Madurai]] because of the Islamic and [[Madurai Nayak dynasty|Nayaks]] invasion, and were forced to move their capital to [[Tirunelveli]] in southern [[Tamilakam]] and existed there as vassals.
Kuvavan Satan alias Videlviduku Mutharaiyar(791 -826 CE)


* Cataiyavarman Parakrama Pandyan 1422–1463
sandhan Pailiili(826 -851 CE)
* Cataiyavarman III Kulasekara Pandyan 1429–1473
* [[Azhagan Perumal Parakrama Pandyan]] 1473–1506
* Kulasekara Pandyan 1479–1499
* Cataiyavarman Civallappa Pandyan 1534–1543
* Parakrama Kulasekara Pandyan 1543–1552
* Nelveli Maran 1552–1564
* Cataiyavarman Adiveerama Pandyan 1564–1604
* Varathunga Pandyan 1588–1612
* Varakunarama Pandyan 1613–1618
* Kollankondan ?–?


==[[Chola Empire]] (c. 300 BCE–1280 CE)==
==Chola dynasty (c. 300 BCE – 1280 CE)==
{{main|Chola dynasty}}


[[File:Karikaala Chozan Memorial Building (2).jpg|thumb|A bronze statue of [[Karikala Chola|Karikalan]].]]
[[File:Rajendra map new.png|thumb|Chola Empire at greatest extent]]
[[File:Raraja detail.png|thumb|A sculpture of [[Rajaraja Chola I]].]]


===Legendary Cholas===
=== Legendary Chola rulers ===
{{main|Legendary early Chola kings}}


[[Legendary early Chola kings]]
===Early Chola rulers (c. 300 BCE – 850 CE)===
{{main|Early Cholas}}


===Early Cholas (c. 300 BCE –850 CE)===
[[File:Karikaala Chozan Memorial Building (2).jpg|thumb|A bronze statue of [[Karikala Chola|Karikalan]].]]


*[[Ellalan (monarch)|Ellalan]]
*[[Ellalan (monarch)|Ellalan]]
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*[[Kopperuncholan]]
*[[Kopperuncholan]]
*[[Kocengannan]]
*[[Kocengannan]]
*[[Perunarkilli]]
*[[Perunarkilli]]  
 
===Imperial Chola Empire (850–1279 CE)===
{{main|Medieval Cholas|Later Cholas}}
 
[[File:Raraja detail.png|thumb|A sculpture of [[Rajaraja Chola I]].]]
 
* [[Vijayalaya Chola]] (848–881)
* [[Aditya I|Aditya]] (871–907)
* [[Parantaka I]] (907–955)
* [[Gandaraditya]] (950–957)
* [[Arinjaya]] (956–957)
* [[Parantaka Chola II]] (957–970)
* [[Uttama Chola]] (973–985)
* [[Rajaraja Chola I]] (985–1014)
* [[Rajendra Chola I]] (1014–1044)
* [[Rajadhiraja Chola I]] (1018–1054)
* [[Rajendra Chola II]] (1054–1063)
* [[Virarajendra Chola]] (1063–1070)
* [[Athirajendra Chola]] (1067–1070)
*[[Kulottunga Chola I]] (1071–1122)
* [[Vikrama Chola]] (1118–1135)
* [[Kulothunga Chola II]] (1133–1150)
* [[Rajaraja Chola II]] (1146–1163)
* [[Rajadiraja Chola II]] (1163–1178)
* [[Kulottunga Chola III]] (1178–1218)
* [[Rajaraja Chola III]] (1216–1246)
* [[Rajendra Chola III]] (1246–1279), last of the imperial Cholas


===Imperial Cholas (850–1279 CE)===
== Chera dynasty (c. 300 BCE – 1528 CE) ==
{{main|Chera dynasty}}


* [[Vijayalaya Chola]] 850-871
[[File:South India in early 11th century AD.jpg|thumb|South India & location of Cheras in west]]
* [[Aditya I|Aditya Chola I]] 871–907
* [[Parantaka I|Parantaka Chola I]] 907–955
* [[Gandaraditya|Gandaraditya Chola]] 955–962
* [[Arinjaya|Arinjaya Chola]] 962–963
* [[Parantaka Chola II|Sundara Chola]] 963–980
* [[Uttama Chola]] 971–987
* [[Rajaraja Chola I]] 985–1014
* [[Rajendra Chola I]] 1012–1044
* [[Rajadhiraja Chola]] 1018–1054
* [[Rajendra Chola II]] 1051–1063
* [[Virarajendra Chola]] 1063–1070
* [[Athirajendra Chola]] 1067–1070
*[[Kulothunga Chola I]]  1070–1120
*[[Vikrama Chola]]        1118–1136
*[[Kulothunga Chola II]]  1133–1150
*[[Rajaraja Chola II]]    1146–1173
*[[Rajadhiraja Chola II]] 1163–1178
*[[Kulothunga Chola III]] 1178–1218
*[[Rajaraja Chola III]]  1216–1256
*[[Rajendra Chola III]]   1246–1279


=== Later Cholas (16th Century) ===
===Early Chera kingdom (c. 3rd century BCE – 4th century CE)===
*[[Virasekhara Chola]]
(''early 16th century, opponent of Nagama Nayak'') VASANTH k 1660 sect is tha latest king


==[[Chera Kingdom]]==
[[File:Chera coin (ancient south India) (cropped).jpg|thumb|A Chera coin with legend "Makkotai"|147x147px]]
[[File:Chera coin (ancient south India) (cropped).jpg|thumb|A Chera coin with legend "Makkotai"|147x147px]]
[[File:Kuttuvankotai-cash.jpg|thumb|A Chera coin with legend "Kuttuvan Kotai"]]
[[File:Kuttuvankotai-cash.jpg|thumb|A Chera coin with legend "Kuttuvan Kotai"]]


===Early Cheras===
*[[Uthiyan Cheralathan|Uthiyan Cheral Athan]]
*[[Uthiyan Cheralathan|Uthiyan Cheral Athan]]
*[[Imayavaramban Nedun-Cheralatan|Nedum Cheral Athan]]  
*[[Imayavaramban Nedun-Cheralatan|Nedum Cheral Athan]]  
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==== From inscribed coins ====
==== From inscribed coins ====
*Mak-kothai
*Mak-kothai
*Kuttuvan Kothai
*Kuttuvan Kothai
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*Sa Irumporai
*Sa Irumporai


=== Kongu Cheras/Keralas ([[Karur]])===
===Kongu Chera dynasty (c. 400–844 CE)===
{{Main|Kongu Chera dynasty}}


* Ravi Kotha
* Ravi Kotha
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* Kerala Kesari Adhirajaraja Deva
* Kerala Kesari Adhirajaraja Deva


=== Kodungallur Cheras (the Perumals, formerly Kulasekharas) ===
=== Chera Perumal dynasty of Makotai (c. 844–1124 CE) ===
{{main|Chera Perumals of Makotai}}


* [[Sthanu Ravi Varma|Sthanu Ravi Kulasekhara]] (844–870 CE)
* [[Sthanu Ravi Varma|Sthanu Ravi Kulasekhara]] (844–870 CE)
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* Adithyan Kotha Ranadithya (1036–1089 CE)
* Adithyan Kotha Ranadithya (1036–1089 CE)
* [[Rama Varma Kulashekhara|Rama Kulasekhara]] (1089–1122 CE)
* [[Rama Varma Kulashekhara|Rama Kulasekhara]] (1089–1122 CE)
* Kotha Varma Marthandam (1122–1124 CE)


=== Venadu Cheras (Kulasekharas) ===
===Venadu Chera/Kulasekhara dynasty (c. 1124–1528 CE)===
{{Main|Venad (kingdom)}}


*[[Rama Varma Kulashekhara|Rama Kulasekhara]] (1090–1102)
* Vira Kerala Varma I (1124–1145 CE)
* Kotha Varman Marthandam (1102–1125)
* Kodai Kerala Varma (1145–1150 CE)
* Vira Kerala Varman I (1125–1145)
* Vira Ravi Varma (1145–1150 CE)
* Kodai Kerala Varman (1145–1150)
* Vira Kerala Varma II (1164–1167 CE)
* Vira Ravi Varman (1145–1150)
* Vira Aditya Varma (1167–1173 CE)
* Vira Kerala Varman II (1164–1167)
* Vira Udaya Martanda Varma (1173–1192 CE)
* Vira Aditya Varman (1167–1173)
* Devadaram Vira Kerala Varma III (1192–1195 CE)
* Vira Udaya Martanda Varman (1173–1192)
* Vira Manikantha Rama Varma Tiruvadi (1195– ?)
* Devadaram Vira Kerala Varman III (1192–1195)
* Vira Rama Kerala Varma Tiruvadi (1209–1214 CE)
* Vira Manikantha Rama Varman Tiruvadi (1195- ?)
* Vira Ravi Kerala Varma Tiruvadi (1214–1240 CE)
* Vira Rama Kerala Varman Tiruvadi (1209–1214)
* Vira Padmanabha Martanda Varma Tiruvadi (1240–1252 CE)
* Vira Ravi Kerala Varman Tiruvadi (1214–1240)
* Ravi Varma (1299–1313 CE)
* Vira Padmanabha Martanda Varman Tiruvadi (1240–1252)
* Vira Udaya Martanda Varma (1313–1333 CE)
* Ravi Varma (1299–1313)
* Aditya Varma Tiruvadi (1333–1335 CE)
* Vira Udaya Martanda Varman (1313–1333)
* Vira Rama Udaya Martanda Varma Tiruvadi (1335–1342 CE)
* Aditya Varma Tiruvadi (1333–1335)
* Vira Kerala Varma Tiruvadi (1342–1363 CE)
* Vira Rama Udaya Martanda Varman Tiruvadi (1335–1342)
* Vira Martanda Varma III (1363–1366 CE)
* Vira Kerala Varman Tiruvadi (1342–1363)
* Vira Rama Martanda Varma (1366–1382 CE)
* Vira Martanda Varma III (1363–1366)
* Vira Ravi Varma (1383–1416 CE)
* Vira Rama Martanda Varman (1366–1382)
* Vira Ravi Ravi Varma (1416–1417 CE)
* Vira Ravi Varman (1383–1416)
* Vira Kerala Martanda Varma (1383 CE)
* Vira Ravi Ravi Varman (1416–1417)
* Chera Udaya Martanda Varma (1383–1444 CE)
* Vira Kerala Martanda Varman (1383)
* Vira Ravi Varma (1444–1458 CE)
* Chera Udaya Martanda Varman (1383–1444)
* Sankhara Sri Vira Rama Martanda Varma (1458–1468 CE)
* Vira Ravi Varman (1444–1458)
* Vira Kodai Sri Aditya Varma (1468–1484 CE)
* Sankhara Sri Vira Rama Martanda Varman (1458–1468)
* [[Vira Ravi Ravi Varma]] (1484–1503 CE)
* Vira Kodai Sri Aditya Varman (1468–1484
* Martanda Varma, Kulasekhara Perumal (1503–1504 CE)
* [[Vira Ravi Ravi Varma]] (1484–1503)
* Vira Ravi Kerala Varma, Kulasekhara Perumal (1504–1528 CE)
* Martanda Varma, Kulasekhara Perumal (1503–1504)
* Vira Ravi Kerala Varman, Kulasekhara Perumal (1504–1528)
Vasanth kulam kathan,sunthar sageer
(1535-1560)


==[[Pallava Kingdom]]==
==Pallava Feudatories (c. 275–897 CE)==
From 275 CE – 897 CE
{{main|Pallava dynasty}}
[[File:Greater Pallavas.png|thumb|left|Greatest extent of Pallava Empire, during the reign of Narasimhavarman I (630-668 CE)]]  


[[File:I37 Pallavas Narasimhavarman 1 (8097362987).jpg|thumb|A Pallava coin with lion insigne of [[Narasimhavarman I]].]]
[[File:I37 Pallavas Narasimhavarman 1 (8097362987).jpg|thumb|A Pallava coin with lion insigne of [[Narasimhavarman I]].]]


===Early Pallavas===
===Early Pallavas===
* Virakurcha (275 - 300) [Founder]
* Virakurcha (275–300), founder of dynasty
* Simha Varman I [Provincial governor of Palnadu region of Andhra]
* Simha Varman I, Provincial governor of Palnadu region of Andhra
* Siva Skanda Varman I (300 - 325)
* Siva Skanda Varman I (300–325)
* Buddhavarman (325 - 340)
* Buddhavarman (325–340)
* Vishnugopavarman (340 - 350)
* Vishnugopavarman (340–350)


===Middle Pallavas===
===Middle Pallavas===
* Kumaravisnu I (c. 345–360)
* Kumaravisnu I (c. 345–360)
* Skanda Varman II (c. 360–380)
* Skanda Varman II (c. 360–380)
* Vira Varman (c. 380-400)
* Vira Varman (c. 380–400)
* Skanda Varman III (c. 400–436)
* Skanda Varman III (c. 400–436)
* Simha Varman I (c. 436–477)
* Simha Varman I (c. 436–477)
* Yuvamaharaja Vishnugopa [Brother of Simhavarman I, Provincial governor of Andhra]
* Yuvamaharaja Vishnugopa, Brother of Simhavarman I, Provincial governor of Andhra
* Skanda Varman IV (c. 477–490)
* Skanda Varman IV (c. 477–490)
* Nandi Varman I (c. 490–500)
* Nandi Varman I (c. 490–500)
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===Later Pallavas===
===Later Pallavas===
* Simha Varman III (c. 545–554)
* Simha Varman III (c. 545–554)
*[[Simhavishnu]] (554–590)
*[[Simhavishnu]] (554–590)
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*[[Dantivarman]] (775–825)
*[[Dantivarman]] (775–825)
*[[Nandivarman III]] (825–869)
*[[Nandivarman III]] (825–869)
*Nirupathungan (869–882)
*[[Nriputungavarman|Nirupathungan]] (869–882)
*[[Aparajitavarman]] (882–897)
*[[Aparajitavarman]] (882–897), last Pallava ruler
 
==[[Ay Kingdom]]==
 
=== Ay chieftains (early historic) ===
 
*Ay Andiran
*Ay Titiyan (the Podiyil Chelvan)
*Ay Atiyan


=== Medieval Ay kings ===
==Ay chieftains==
{{main|Ay Kingdom}}


*Chadayan Karunanthan
===Ay chieftains (early historic)===
*Karunanthadakkkan Srivallabha (r. 856-884)
* Ay Andiran
*[[Vikramaditya Varaguna]] (r. 884-911 CE)
* Ay Titiyan (the Podiyil Chelvan)
* Ay Atiyan


==[[Mushika Kingdom]]==
===Medieval Ay kings===
* Chadayan Karunanthan
* Karunanthadakkkan Srivallabha (r. 856–884 CE)
* [[Vikramaditya Varaguna]] (r. 884–911 CE)


===Early Period===
==Mushika Rulers ==
{{main|Mushika Kingdom}}


===Early rulers===
* Ezhimala Nannan
* Ezhimala Nannan


===Medieval Period===
===Medieval rulers===
* Validhara Vikkirama Rama (c. 929 CE)
* Kantan Karivarman alias Iramakuta Muvar (c. 1020 CE)
* Mushikesvara Chemani/Jayamani (c. 1020 CE)
* Utaiya-varma alias Ramakuta Muvar (early 12th century CE)
==Kadava Chieftains (c.1216-1279 CE)==
{{main|Kadava dynasty}}
* [[Kopperunchinga I]] (1216 - 1246 CE)
* [[Kopperunchinga II]] (1243 - 1279 CE)


* Validhara Vikkirama Rama (c. 929 AD)
==Jaffna Chieftains (c. 1277–1619 CE)==
* Kantan Karivarman alias Iramakuta Muvar (c. 1020 AD)
{{main|Jaffna Kingdom}}
* Mushikesvara Chemani/Jayamani (c. 1020 AD)
* Utaiya-varma alias Ramakuta Muvar (early 12th century AD)
 
==[[Jaffna Kingdom]] ([[Aryacakravarti dynasty|Aryacakravarti]]s) (c. 1277 – 1619 AD)==


[[File:Jaffna Royal family.jpeg|thumb|Image of [[Singai Parasasekaran]], his sons Pandaram, Paranirupsingan and [[Cankili I]]]]
[[File:Jaffna Royal family.jpeg|thumb|Image of [[Singai Parasasekaran]], his sons Pandaram, Paranirupsingan and [[Cankili I]]]]


* [[Kulasekara Cinkaiariyan]] 1277-1284
* [[Kulasekara Cinkaiariyan]] (1277–1284)
* [[Kulotunga Cinkaiariyan]] 1284-1292
* [[Kulotunga Cinkaiariyan]] (1284–1292)
* [[Vickrama Cinkaiariyan]] 1292-1302
* [[Vickrama Cinkaiariyan]] (1292–1302)
* [[Varodaya Cinkaiariyan]] 1302-1325
* [[Varodaya Cinkaiariyan]] (1302–1325)
* [[Martanda Cinkaiariyan]] 1325-1348
* [[Martanda Cinkaiariyan]] (1325–1348)
* [[Gunabhooshana Cinkaiariyan]] 1348-1371
* [[Gunabhooshana Cinkaiariyan]] (1348–1371)
* [[Virodaya Cinkaiariyan]] 1371-1380
* [[Virodaya Cinkaiariyan]] (1371–1380)
* [[Jeyaveera Cinkaiariyan]] 1380-1410
* [[Jeyaveera Cinkaiariyan]] (1380–1410)
* [[Gunaveera Cinkaiariyan]] 1410-1440
* [[Gunaveera Cinkaiariyan]] (1410–1440)
* [[Kanakasooriya Cinkaiariyan]] 1440-1450 & 1467-1478
* [[Kanakasooriya Cinkaiariyan]] (1440–1450 & 1467–1478)
* [[Singai Pararasasegaram]] 1478-1519
* [[Singai Pararasasegaram]] (1478–1519)
* [[Cankili I]] 1519-1561
* [[Cankili I]] (1519–1561)
* [[Puviraja Pandaram]] 1561-1565 & 1582-1591
* [[Puviraja Pandaram]] (1561–1565 & 1582–1591)
* [[Kasi Nayinar Pararacacekaran]] 1565-1570
* [[Kasi Nayinar Pararacacekaran]] (1565–1570)
* [[Periyapillai]] 1565-1582
* [[Periyapillai]] (1565–1582)
* [[Ethirimana Cinkam]] 1591-1617
* [[Ethirimana Cinkam]] (1591–1617)
* [[Cankili II]] Cekaracacekaran 1617-1619<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jaffnaroyalfamily.org/family_tree1.php|title= genealogy of the royal house of jaffna}}</ref>
* [[Cankili II]] Cekaracacekaran (1617–1619)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jaffnaroyalfamily.org/family_tree1.php|title= genealogy of the royal house of jaffna}}</ref>
 
==[[Nayak dynasty|Nayakars]]==


===[[Madurai Nayak dynasty|Madurai Nayakar]] (1529 AD – 1736 AD)===
== Rajahs of Ramnad  (c. 1601–1949 CE)==
{{main|Ramnad estate}}


*Nagama Nayaka
'''''List of Sethupathi rulers'''''
*Viswanatha Nayaka
*Vitthala Raja Nayaka (1546–1558)
*Kumara Krishnappa Nayaka (1563–1573)
*Muttu Krishnappa Nayaka (1602–1609)
*Muttu Virappa Nayaka (1609–1623)
*Tirumalai Nayaka (1623–1659)
*Muttu Alakadri Nayaka (1659–1662)
*Chokkanatha Nayaka (1662–1682)
*Rangakrishna Muthu Virappa Nayaka (1682–1689)
*[[Mangammal]] (1689–1704)
*Vijaya Ranga Chokkanatha Nayaka (1704–1731)
*Queen Meenakshi, and the End of the Nayakas (1731–1736)


===[[Nayaks of Gingee|Gingee Nayakar]] (1509 – 1649)===
===Chieftains With the Madurai Nayaks (c. 1601–1677)===
* Udaiyan Sethupathi ('''Sadaikkan''') (1601–1623)
* Koottan Sethupathi (1623–1635)
* Dalavai Raghunatha Sethupathi (1635–1645)
* Thirumalai Raghunatha Sethupathi (1646–1676)
* Raja Suriya Sethupathi (1676)
* Aathana Raghunatha Sethupathi (1677)


*Krishnappa Nayaka (1509–1521)
=== Imperial rulers (c. 1678–1795 CE) ===
*Chennappa Nayaka
* [[Raghunatha Kilavan|Raghunatha Kilavan Sethupathi]] (1678–1710)
*Gangama Nayaka
* Muthu Vairavanatha Sethupathi I (1710–1712)
*Venkata Krishnappa Nayaka
* [[Vijaya Raghunatha Sethupathi I| Vijaya Raghunatha Sethupathi]] (1713–1725)
*Venkata Rama Bhupaala Nayaka
* Sundaresvara Raghunatha Sethupathi (1725)
*Thriyambamka Krishnappa Nayaka
* Bavani Sangara Sethupathi (1725–1727)
*Varadappa Nayaka
* Kumara Muthu Vijaya Raghunatha Sethupathi (1728–1735)
*Ramalinga Nayani vaaru
* Sivakumara Muthu Vijaya Raghunatha Sethupathi (1735–1747)
*Venkata Perumal Naidu
* Rakka Thevar Sethupathi (1748)
*Periya Ramabhadra Naidu
* Sella Muthu Vijaya Raghunatha Sethupathi (1749–1762)
*Ramakrishnappa Naidu (d. 1649)
* [[Muthuramalinga Sethupathi|Muthuramalinga Vijaya Ragunatha Sethupathi]] I (1762–1772 or 1781–1795)


===[[Thanjavur Nayak kingdom|Thanjavur Nayakar]] (1532 – 1673 AD)===
===Rulers of princely state under British Raj (c. 1795–1949 CE)===
====As King====
* Mangaleswari Nachiyar (1795–1803)


*[[Sevappa Nayak]] (1532–1580)
==== As Zamindars====
*[[Achuthappa Nayak]] (1560–1614)
* Mangaleswari Nachiyar (1803–1807)
*[[Raghunatha Nayak]] (1600–1634)
*[[Vijaya Raghava Nayak]] (1634–1673)
 
===[[Kandy Nayakar]] (1739 – 1815 AD)===
 
*[[Sri Vijaya Rajasinha]] (reigned 1739–1747)
*[[Kirti Sri Rajasinha]]
*[[Sri Rajadhi Rajasinha]]
*[[Sri Vikrama Rajasinha]]
 
==[[Ramnad estate|Ramnad Sethupathis]]==
 
* Sadasiva Thevar Sethupathi (1590–1621)
* Kootan Sethupathi (1621–1637)
* Dalavai Sethupathi (1637–1659)
* Raghunatha Sethupathi (1659–1670)
 
===Independent Sethupathis (1670 – 1794 AD)===
 
* [[Raghunatha Kilavan]] (1670–1708)
* Vijaya Raghunatha Sethupathi I (1708–1723)
* Sundaresvara Raghunatha Sethupathi (1723–1724)
* Bhavani Shankara Thevar (1724–1728)
* Kumara Muthu Vijaya Raghunatha Sethupathi (1728–1734)
* Muthukumara Raghunatha Sethupathi (1734–1747)
* Rakka Thevar (1747–1748)
* Vijaya Raghunatha Sethupathi II (1748–1760)
* Muthuramalinga Sethupathi I (1760–1794)
 
===Under British Raj (1795 – 1979 AD)===
 
* Mangaleswari Nachiyar (1795–1807)
* Annaswami Sethupathi (1807–1820)
* Annaswami Sethupathi (1807–1820)
* Ramaswami Sethupathi (1820–1830)
* Ramaswami Sethupathi (1820–1830)
Line 415: Line 418:
* Dinakara Sethupathy  
* Dinakara Sethupathy  
* [[Raja Rajeswara Sethupathi]] (1903–1929)
* [[Raja Rajeswara Sethupathi]] (1903–1929)
* [[Shanmugha Rajeswara Sethupathi]] (1929–1967)
* [[Shanmugha Rajeswara Sethupathi]] (1929–1949)
* [[Ramanatha Sethupathi]] (1967–1979)


==[[Pudukkottai state|Pudukkotai Tondaimans]] (1680 – 1948 AD)==
==Rajahs of Pudukkottai (c. 1686–1948 CE)==
{{main|Pudukkottai state}}


* [[Raghunatha Raya Tondaiman]] (1686–1730)
* [[Raghunatha Raya Tondaiman]] (1686–1730), first ruler
* [[Vijaya Raghunatha Raya Tondaiman I]] (1730–1769)
* [[Vijaya Raghunatha Raya Tondaiman I]] (1730–1769)
* [[Raya Raghunatha Tondaiman]] (1769–December 1789)
* [[Raya Raghunatha Tondaiman]] (1769–December 1789)
Line 428: Line 431:
* [[Ramachandra Tondaiman]] (July 13, 1839 – April 15, 1886)
* [[Ramachandra Tondaiman]] (July 13, 1839 – April 15, 1886)
* [[Martanda Bhairava Tondaiman]] (April 15, 1886 – May 28, 1928)
* [[Martanda Bhairava Tondaiman]] (April 15, 1886 – May 28, 1928)
* [[Rajagopala Tondaiman]] (October 28, 1928 – August 15, 1947)
* [[Rajagopala Tondaiman]] (October 28, 1928 – August 15, 1947), last ruler
 
==Rajahs of Sivaganga (CE 1725–1947 CE)==
{{main|Sivaganga estate}}


==[[Sivaganga estate]] (1725 – 1947 AD)==
* Muthu Vijaya Raghunatha Periyavudaya Thevar (1725–1750), first ruler
* Muthu Vijaya Raghunatha Periyavudaya Thevar (1730-1750)
* Muthu Vaduganatha Periyavudaya Thevar (1750–1780)
* Muthu Vaduganatha Periyavudaya Thevar (1750-1780)
* [[Velu Nachiyar]] (1780–1790)
* [[Velu Nachiyar]] (1780-1790)
* [[Vellacci]] (1790–1793)<ref>K. R. Venkatarama Ayyar, Sri Brihadamba State Press, 1938, ''A Manual of the Pudukkóttai State'', p.720</ref>
* [[Vellacci]] (1790-1793)<ref>K. R. Venkatarama Ayyar, Sri Brihadamba State Press, 1938, ''A Manual of the Pudukkóttai State'', p.720</ref>
* Vangam Periya Udaya Thevar (1793–1801), last ruler
* Vangam Periya Udaya Thevar (1793-1801)
* [[Zamindar]] under British rule (1803-1947)


==[[Velirs|Velir monarchs]]==
==Velir Rulers==
{{main|Velirs}}


* [[Athiyamān]]
* [[Athiyamān]]
Line 449: Line 454:
* [[Ilanji Vel]]
* [[Ilanji Vel]]


==[[Palaiyakkarar]]s==
==Later chieftains ==
{{main|Palaiyakkarar}}
 
* [[Dheeran Chinnamalai]]
* [[Dheeran Chinnamalai]]
* [[Puli Thevar]]
* [[Puli Thevar]]
* [[Maruthu Pandiyar]]
* [[Maruthu Pandiyar]]
* [[Veerapandiya Kattabomman]]
* [[Oomaithurai]]
* [[Maveeran Alagumuthu Kone]]
* [[Maveeran Alagumuthu Kone]]


==Others==
==Vijaya Nagar Nayaka paalayakars==
* Emperor [[Perumbidugu Mutharaiyar]] (aka Suvaran Maran) of [[Mutharaiyar dynasty]]
{{main|Nayaka dynasties|Nayak (title)}}
 
Nayaks, Nayakas or Nayakars were a Telugu-origin dynasty that established themselves after the fall of the [[Vijayanagara Empire]] as sovereign rulers of Tamil territories and replaced the indigenous Tamil dynasties like Cholas and Pandyans.
 
===Gingee palyam (1509–1649 CE)===
{{main|Nayaks of Gingee}}
 
*Krishnappa Nayaka (1509–1521), first ruler
*Chennappa Nayaka
*Gangama Nayaka
*Venkata Krishnappa Nayaka
*Venkata Rama Bhupaala Nayaka
*Thriyambamka Krishnappa Nayaka
*Varadappa Nayaka
*Ramalinga Nayani vaaru
*Venkata Perumal Naidu
*Periya Ramabhadra Naidu
*Ramakrishnappa Naidu (d. 1649), last ruler
 
===Madurai palayam (1529–1736 CE)===
{{main|Madurai Nayak dynasty}}
 
*Nagama Nayaka, first ruler
*Viswanatha Nayaka
*Vitthala Raja Nayaka (1546–1558)
*Kumara Krishnappa Nayaka (1563–1573)
*Muttu Krishnappa Nayaka (1602–1609)
*Muttu Virappa Nayaka (1609–1623)
*Tirumalai Nayaka (1623–1659)
*Muttu Alakadri Nayaka (1659–1662)
*Chokkanatha Nayaka (1662–1682)
*Rangakrishna Muthu Virappa Nayaka (1682–1689)
*[[Mangammal]] (1689–1704)
*Vijaya Ranga Chokkanatha Nayaka (1704–1731)
*Queen Meenakshi, and the End of the Nayakas (1731–1736), last ruler
 
===Thanjavur palayam (1532–1673 CE)===
{{main|Thanjavur Nayak kingdom}}
 
*[[Sevappa Nayak]] (1532–1580), first ruler
*[[Achuthappa Nayak]] (1560–1614)
*[[Raghunatha Nayak]] (1600–1634)
*[[Vijaya Raghava Nayak]] (1634–1673), last ruler
 
===Rajahs of Kandy (1739–1815 CE)===
{{main|Nayaks of Kandy}}
 
*[[Sri Vijaya Rajasinha]] (reigned 1739–1747), first ruler
*[[Kirti Sri Rajasinha]]
*[[Sri Rajadhi Rajasinha]]
*[[Sri Vikrama Rajasinha]], last ruler
 
==Tamil Raiyars==
* [[Bhuvanaikabahu VI of Kotte]] (aka Chempaha Perumal)
* [[Bhuvanaikabahu VI of Kotte]] (aka Chempaha Perumal)
* [[Kadava dynasty]]
* [[Kadava dynasty]]
* [[Alagakkonara]]
* [[Alagakkonara]]
* [[Sambuvaraya]]
* [[Sambuvaraya]]
* [[Pandara Vanniyan]] of [[Vanni Nadu]]
* [[Akkarayan]]
* [[Akkarayan]]
* [[Pandara Vanniyan]]
* [[Magadai|Magadai Mandalam]]
* [[Magadai|Magadai Mandalam]]
* [[Valvil Ori]]
* [[Valvil Ori]]
Line 474: Line 531:


==See also==
==See also==
*[[History of South India]]
*[[History of Tamil Nadu]]
*[[History of Tamil Nadu]]
*[[History of Kerala]]
*[[History of Kerala]]
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{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


[[Category:Tamil history]]
[[Category:Hindu dynasties]]
[[Category:Hindu dynasties]]
[[Category:Tamil monarchs| ]]
[[Category:Tamil monarchs| ]]
[[Category:King lists|T]]
[[Category:Lists of monarchs in Asia|T]]
[[Category:Lists of Indian monarchs|T]]
[[Category:Lists of Indian monarchs|T]]

Latest revision as of 13:18, 13 March 2026


Part of a series on
History of Tamil Nadu
Main
Sangam period
Medieval history
Categories

This is a list of ethnically Tamil and predominantly Tamil speaking monarchs, who ruled in Southern India and parts of Sri Lanka and South East Asia. The ancient Tamil monarchy was largely hereditary and supported by numerous chieftains.[1]

Tamil royal titles[edit | edit source]

  • Tribhuvana Chakravarti/Chakravarti(Emperor)
  • Perarasi/Mahadevi (Empress)
  • Devar (King)
  • Devi/kundhi (Queen)
  • Ko, Arasan, Mannan, Aliyan or Araiyan (head of stamping)
  • Arasi (Queen)
  • Ilavarasi or Piratti (Princess)
  • Ilam-Ko or Ilavarasan (Prince)
  • Kuru-nila Mannan or Chittrarasan (Regional King)
  • Chittrarasi (Regional Queen)

Three Crowned Kings[edit | edit source]

Main article: Three Crowned Kings
Tamilakam in the 'Sangam Period.

The three crowned kings known as Muvendar were the traditional three Tamil dynasties that ruled the Tamilakam since the Sangam era.

Pandyan dynasty (c. 600 BCE – 1620 CE)[edit | edit source]

Main article: Pandyan dynasty
Pandyan Empire at greatest extent

Early Pandyans (c. 6th century BCE – 3rd century CE)[edit | edit source]

Main article: Early Pandyan Kingdom

Imperial Pandyans (590–920 CE)[edit | edit source]

Pandyans under Chola empire (920–1216 CE)[edit | edit source]

Main article: Chola dynasty
  • Sundara Pandyan I (920 CE)
  • Veera Pandyan I
  • Veera Pandyan II
  • Amarabhujanga Tivrakopa
  • Jatavarman Sundara Chola Pandyan
  • Maravarman Vikrama Chola Pandyan
  • Maravarman Parakrama Chola Pandyan
  • Jatavarman Chola Pandya
  • Seervallabha Manakulachala (1101–1124)
  • Maaravaramban Seervallaban (1132–1161)
  • Parakrama Pandyan I (1161–1162 CE)
  • Kulasekara Pandyan III
  • Vira Pandyan III
  • Jatavarman Srivallaban (1175–1180 CE)
  • Jatavarman Kulasekaran I (1190–1216 CE)

Later Pandyans (1212–1345 CE)[edit | edit source]

Tenkasi Pandyans (1422–1620 CE)[edit | edit source]

Main article: Tenkasi Pandyas

During the 15th century, the Pandyans lost their traditional capital city Madurai to Delhi Sultanate, and were forced to move their capital to Tirunelveli in southern Tamilakam and existed there as vassals.

  • Cataiyavarman Parakrama Pandyan (1422–1463 CE)
  • Cataiyavarman III Kulasekara Pandyan (1429–1473 CE)
  • Azhagan Perumal Parakrama Pandyan (1473–1506 CE)
  • Kulasekara Pandyan (1479–1499 CE)
  • Cataiyavarman Civallappa Pandyan (1534–1543 CE)
  • Parakrama Kulasekara Pandyan (1543–1552 CE)
  • Nelveli Maran (1552–1564 CE)
  • Cataiyavarman Adiveerama Pandyan (1564–1604 CE)
  • Varathunga Pandyan (1588–1612 CE)
  • Varakunarama Pandyan (1613–1618 CE)
  • Kollankondan ( Approx 1620 CE)

Mutharaiyar (raiyar)(600 and 850 CE)

Mutharaiyar dynasty is one of the royal dynasty in Tamil Nadu state of India. Mutharaiyars ruled Tanjore, Trichy and Pudukottai regions from 600 CE to 850 CE.

Admirable accounts of Mutharaiyar kings are found in the Tamil epics Nālaṭiyār and Muthollaayiram

Kuvavan Maaran alias Perumbidugu Mutharaiyar I (650-680 CE)

Maaran Parameswaran alias Ilangovadiaraiyan (680 -705 CE)

Suvaran Maran alias Perumbidugu Mutharaiyar II (705-745 CE)

Videlviduku Satan Maran(745 -770 CE)

Peradiarayan alias Marbiduku(770-791 CE)

Kuvavan Satan alias Videlviduku Mutharaiyar(791 -826 CE)

sandhan Pailiili(826 -851 CE)

Chola dynasty (c. 300 BCE – 1280 CE)[edit | edit source]

Main article: Chola dynasty
Chola Empire at greatest extent

Legendary Chola rulers[edit | edit source]

Main article: Legendary early Chola kings

Early Chola rulers (c. 300 BCE – 850 CE)[edit | edit source]

Main article: Early Cholas
A bronze statue of Karikalan.

Imperial Chola Empire (850–1279 CE)[edit | edit source]

Main articles: Medieval Cholas and Later Cholas
A sculpture of Rajaraja Chola I.

Chera dynasty (c. 300 BCE – 1528 CE)[edit | edit source]

Main article: Chera dynasty
South India & location of Cheras in west

Early Chera kingdom (c. 3rd century BCE – 4th century CE)[edit | edit source]

A Chera coin with legend "Makkotai"
A Chera coin with legend "Kuttuvan Kotai"

From inscriptions[edit | edit source]

  • Ko Athan Cheral Irumporai
  • Perum Kadungo Irumporai
  • Ilam Kadungo Irumporai
  • Kadummi Pudha Chera

From inscribed coins[edit | edit source]

  • Mak-kothai
  • Kuttuvan Kothai
  • Kollippurai/Kollippurai
  • Kol Irumporai
  • Sa Irumporai

Kongu Chera dynasty (c. 400–844 CE)[edit | edit source]

Main article: Kongu Chera dynasty
  • Ravi Kotha
  • Kantan Ravi
  • Vira Kotha
  • Vira Narayana
  • Vira Chola
  • Vira Kerala
  • Amara Bhujanga Deva
  • Kerala Kesari Adhirajaraja Deva

Chera Perumal dynasty of Makotai (c. 844–1124 CE)[edit | edit source]

Main article: Chera Perumals of Makotai

Venadu Chera/Kulasekhara dynasty (c. 1124–1528 CE)[edit | edit source]

Main article: Venad (kingdom)
  • Vira Kerala Varma I (1124–1145 CE)
  • Kodai Kerala Varma (1145–1150 CE)
  • Vira Ravi Varma (1145–1150 CE)
  • Vira Kerala Varma II (1164–1167 CE)
  • Vira Aditya Varma (1167–1173 CE)
  • Vira Udaya Martanda Varma (1173–1192 CE)
  • Devadaram Vira Kerala Varma III (1192–1195 CE)
  • Vira Manikantha Rama Varma Tiruvadi (1195– ?)
  • Vira Rama Kerala Varma Tiruvadi (1209–1214 CE)
  • Vira Ravi Kerala Varma Tiruvadi (1214–1240 CE)
  • Vira Padmanabha Martanda Varma Tiruvadi (1240–1252 CE)
  • Ravi Varma (1299–1313 CE)
  • Vira Udaya Martanda Varma (1313–1333 CE)
  • Aditya Varma Tiruvadi (1333–1335 CE)
  • Vira Rama Udaya Martanda Varma Tiruvadi (1335–1342 CE)
  • Vira Kerala Varma Tiruvadi (1342–1363 CE)
  • Vira Martanda Varma III (1363–1366 CE)
  • Vira Rama Martanda Varma (1366–1382 CE)
  • Vira Ravi Varma (1383–1416 CE)
  • Vira Ravi Ravi Varma (1416–1417 CE)
  • Vira Kerala Martanda Varma (1383 CE)
  • Chera Udaya Martanda Varma (1383–1444 CE)
  • Vira Ravi Varma (1444–1458 CE)
  • Sankhara Sri Vira Rama Martanda Varma (1458–1468 CE)
  • Vira Kodai Sri Aditya Varma (1468–1484 CE)
  • Vira Ravi Ravi Varma (1484–1503 CE)
  • Martanda Varma, Kulasekhara Perumal (1503–1504 CE)
  • Vira Ravi Kerala Varma, Kulasekhara Perumal (1504–1528 CE)

Pallava Feudatories (c. 275–897 CE)[edit | edit source]

Main article: Pallava dynasty
Greatest extent of Pallava Empire, during the reign of Narasimhavarman I (630-668 CE)
A Pallava coin with lion insigne of Narasimhavarman I.

Early Pallavas[edit | edit source]

  • Virakurcha (275–300), founder of dynasty
  • Simha Varman I, Provincial governor of Palnadu region of Andhra
  • Siva Skanda Varman I (300–325)
  • Buddhavarman (325–340)
  • Vishnugopavarman (340–350)

Middle Pallavas[edit | edit source]

  • Kumaravisnu I (c. 345–360)
  • Skanda Varman II (c. 360–380)
  • Vira Varman (c. 380–400)
  • Skanda Varman III (c. 400–436)
  • Simha Varman I (c. 436–477)
  • Yuvamaharaja Vishnugopa, Brother of Simhavarman I, Provincial governor of Andhra
  • Skanda Varman IV (c. 477–490)
  • Nandi Varman I (c. 490–500)
  • Kumaravisnu II (c. 500–510)
  • Buddha Varman (c. 510–525)
  • Kumaravisnu III (c. 525–545)

Later Pallavas[edit | edit source]

Ay chieftains[edit | edit source]

Main article: Ay Kingdom

Ay chieftains (early historic)[edit | edit source]

  • Ay Andiran
  • Ay Titiyan (the Podiyil Chelvan)
  • Ay Atiyan

Medieval Ay kings[edit | edit source]

  • Chadayan Karunanthan
  • Karunanthadakkkan Srivallabha (r. 856–884 CE)
  • Vikramaditya Varaguna (r. 884–911 CE)

Mushika Rulers[edit | edit source]

Main article: Mushika Kingdom

Early rulers[edit | edit source]

  • Ezhimala Nannan

Medieval rulers[edit | edit source]

  • Validhara Vikkirama Rama (c. 929 CE)
  • Kantan Karivarman alias Iramakuta Muvar (c. 1020 CE)
  • Mushikesvara Chemani/Jayamani (c. 1020 CE)
  • Utaiya-varma alias Ramakuta Muvar (early 12th century CE)

Kadava Chieftains (c.1216-1279 CE)[edit | edit source]

Main article: Kadava dynasty

Jaffna Chieftains (c. 1277–1619 CE)[edit | edit source]

Main article: Jaffna Kingdom
Image of Singai Parasasekaran, his sons Pandaram, Paranirupsingan and Cankili I

Rajahs of Ramnad (c. 1601–1949 CE)[edit | edit source]

Main article: Ramnad estate

List of Sethupathi rulers

Chieftains With the Madurai Nayaks (c. 1601–1677)[edit | edit source]

  • Udaiyan Sethupathi (Sadaikkan) (1601–1623)
  • Koottan Sethupathi (1623–1635)
  • Dalavai Raghunatha Sethupathi (1635–1645)
  • Thirumalai Raghunatha Sethupathi (1646–1676)
  • Raja Suriya Sethupathi (1676)
  • Aathana Raghunatha Sethupathi (1677)

Imperial rulers (c. 1678–1795 CE)[edit | edit source]

Rulers of princely state under British Raj (c. 1795–1949 CE)[edit | edit source]

As King[edit | edit source]

  • Mangaleswari Nachiyar (1795–1803)

As Zamindars[edit | edit source]

Rajahs of Pudukkottai (c. 1686–1948 CE)[edit | edit source]

Main article: Pudukkottai state

Rajahs of Sivaganga (CE 1725–1947 CE)[edit | edit source]

Main article: Sivaganga estate
  • Muthu Vijaya Raghunatha Periyavudaya Thevar (1725–1750), first ruler
  • Muthu Vaduganatha Periyavudaya Thevar (1750–1780)
  • Velu Nachiyar (1780–1790)
  • Vellacci (1790–1793)[3]
  • Vangam Periya Udaya Thevar (1793–1801), last ruler

Velir Rulers[edit | edit source]

Main article: Velirs

Later chieftains[edit | edit source]

Main article: Palaiyakkarar

Vijaya Nagar Nayaka paalayakars[edit | edit source]

Main articles: Nayaka dynasties and Nayak (title)

Nayaks, Nayakas or Nayakars were a Telugu-origin dynasty that established themselves after the fall of the Vijayanagara Empire as sovereign rulers of Tamil territories and replaced the indigenous Tamil dynasties like Cholas and Pandyans.

Gingee palyam (1509–1649 CE)[edit | edit source]

Main article: Nayaks of Gingee
  • Krishnappa Nayaka (1509–1521), first ruler
  • Chennappa Nayaka
  • Gangama Nayaka
  • Venkata Krishnappa Nayaka
  • Venkata Rama Bhupaala Nayaka
  • Thriyambamka Krishnappa Nayaka
  • Varadappa Nayaka
  • Ramalinga Nayani vaaru
  • Venkata Perumal Naidu
  • Periya Ramabhadra Naidu
  • Ramakrishnappa Naidu (d. 1649), last ruler

Madurai palayam (1529–1736 CE)[edit | edit source]

Main article: Madurai Nayak dynasty
  • Nagama Nayaka, first ruler
  • Viswanatha Nayaka
  • Vitthala Raja Nayaka (1546–1558)
  • Kumara Krishnappa Nayaka (1563–1573)
  • Muttu Krishnappa Nayaka (1602–1609)
  • Muttu Virappa Nayaka (1609–1623)
  • Tirumalai Nayaka (1623–1659)
  • Muttu Alakadri Nayaka (1659–1662)
  • Chokkanatha Nayaka (1662–1682)
  • Rangakrishna Muthu Virappa Nayaka (1682–1689)
  • Mangammal (1689–1704)
  • Vijaya Ranga Chokkanatha Nayaka (1704–1731)
  • Queen Meenakshi, and the End of the Nayakas (1731–1736), last ruler

Thanjavur palayam (1532–1673 CE)[edit | edit source]

Main article: Thanjavur Nayak kingdom

Rajahs of Kandy (1739–1815 CE)[edit | edit source]

Main article: Nayaks of Kandy

Tamil Raiyars[edit | edit source]

See also[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ Splendours of Tamil Nadu. p.146
  2. ↑ "genealogy of the royal house of jaffna".
  3. ↑ K. R. Venkatarama Ayyar, Sri Brihadamba State Press, 1938, A Manual of the Pudukkóttai State, p.720
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