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Bahmani–Vijayanagara War (1362–1367): Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox military conflict | |||
| conflict = First Bahmani–Vijayanagar War | |||
| place = Modern day [[Telangana]], [[Andhrapradesh]] and [[Karnataka]] | |||
| date = 1362–1367 | |||
| partof = [[Bahmani–Vijayanagar War (disambiguation)|Bahmani–Vijayanagar Wars]] | |||
| image = Mudgal fort 5.jpg | |||
| caption = Fort of Mudgal, which was captured by Bukka Raya, and then recaptured by Muhammed Shah I | |||
| coordinates = {{coord|15.6|N|77|E|display=inline,title}} | |||
| map_type = Karnataka#India | |||
| map_mark = | |||
| map_caption = The location where the Battle of Kauthal occurred | |||
| territory = * [[Golconda]] annexed to the Bahmani Sultanate. | |||
* [[Warangal]] becomes a vassal of the Bahmani Sultanate. | |||
| result = '''Bahmani''' victory | |||
| combatant1 = [[Bahmani Sultanate]] | |||
| combatant2 = [[Vijayanagara empire]]<br>[[Musunuri Nayakas]] | |||
| commander1 = [[Mohammed Shah I|Muhammed Shah I]]{{WIA}}<br>Safdar Khan Sistani<br>Azam-i Humayun<br>Khan Muhammed<br>Musa Khan{{KIA}}<br> Isa Khan{{KIA}} | |||
| commander2 = [[Bukka Raya I]]{{Surrendered}}<br>[[Musunuri Nayakas#Kapaya Nayaka|Kanhayya]]{{Surrendered}}<br>Vinayak Deva{{executed}}<br>Mallinatha{{KIA}} | |||
| strength1 = At Mudgal: | |||
* 8,000<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" /> | |||
---- | |||
At Kauthal: | |||
* 50,000 Infantry<ref name=":3" /> | |||
* 15,000 Cavalry<ref name=":3" /> | |||
| strength2 = At Mudgal: | |||
* 100,000<ref name=":3" />–900,000<ref name=":0" /> Infantry | |||
* 30,000<ref name=":3" />–80,000<ref name=":0" /> Cavalry | |||
* 3,000 Elephants<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" /> | |||
---- | |||
At Kauthal: | |||
* 500,000 Infantry<ref name=":3" /> | |||
* 40,000 Cavalry<ref name=":3" /> | |||
| casualties1 = *7,999 people killed at Mudgal.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" /> | |||
*Unknown number of people killed at Kauthal | |||
| casualties2 = *70,000.<ref name=":0" />–90,000<ref name=":3" /> Killed at Mudgal. | |||
*10,000 Killed at Vijayanagar.<ref name=":3" /> | |||
*400,000 to 500,000 civilians killed.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":2" /> | |||
*2,000 Elephants captured.<ref name=":0" /> | |||
*300 Gun carriages captured.<ref name=":0" /> | |||
*700 Horses captured.<ref name=":0" /> | |||
*Bejeweled thrones captured from Warangal and Vijayanagar.<ref name=":0" /> | |||
}} | |||
The '''Bahmani–Vijayanagar war''',<ref name=":5" /> also known as the '''First Bahmani–Vijayanagar War''',<ref>{{Cite book |last=Watson |first=Adam |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-qUeAAAAMAAJ |title=The War of the Goldsmith's Daughter |date=1964 |publisher=Chatto & Windus |pages=5 |language=en}}</ref> spanning from 1362 to 1367, was a significant period of conflict between the [[Bahmani Sultanate]] and the [[Vijayanagara Empire|Vijayanagar empire]] in the [[Deccan plateau]] of India during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. It began due to disputes over the acceptance of coins in both states, with Bahmani ruler [[Mohammed Shah I|Muhammed Shah I]] banning Vijayanagar coins in his dominions. This move prompted Vijayanagar's [[Bukka Raya I]] to forge an alliance with [[Musunuri Nayakas]], the then rulers of [[Warangal Fort|Warangal]], [[Musunuri Nayakas#Kapaya Nayaka|Kanhayya]], and local bankers, resulting in the destruction of Bahmani coins and the escalation of tensions leading to outright war. This was the first war in India where the Europeans fought at the [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]] and the infantry was used. | |||
The conflict intensified with the execution of Warangal's prince by the Bahmanis, a consequence of disputes over horse trading. This event ultimately led to the vassalization of Warangal, further fueling animosity between the two powers. As the war progressed, Bahmani victories over Vijayanagar forces at [[Mudgal]] and [[Siruguppa|Kauthal]] resulted in heavy casualties among the civilian population. In 1367, Muhammed Shah laid siege to Vijayanagar, where Bukka Raya had shut himself after two consecutive defeats, and massacred the Vijayanagar population, prompting Bukka Raya I to seek peace. However, the conflict continued, with subsequent battles further decimating Vijayanagar's resources and population. Kanhayya, the ruler of Warangal gave the famous [[Turquoise Throne]] to the Bahmani Sultan during these campaigns. | |||
Ultimately, both parties signed a treaty aimed at preventing civilian massacres in future conflicts, marking a pivotal moment in the military history of fourteenth-century Deccan India. The war highlighted the complex dynamics between regional powers and the devastating impact of conflict on civilian populations in the region. | |||
Revision as of 20:20, 27 June 2025
| First Bahmani–Vijayanagar War | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of Bahmani–Vijayanagar Wars | |||||||||
 Fort of Mudgal, which was captured by Bukka Raya, and then recaptured by Muhammed Shah I | |||||||||
| |||||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||||
| Bahmani Sultanate |
Vijayanagara empire Musunuri Nayakas | ||||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
|
Muhammed Shah I (WIA) Safdar Khan Sistani Azam-i Humayun Khan Muhammed Musa Khan † Isa Khan † |
Bukka Raya I  Kanhayya Vinayak Deva  Mallinatha † | ||||||||
| Strength | |||||||||
|
At Mudgal: At Kauthal: |
At Mudgal: At Kauthal: | ||||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||||
|
|
| ||||||||
  The location where the Battle of Kauthal occurred  Bahmani–Vijayanagara War (1362–1367) (India) | |||||||||
The Bahmani–Vijayanagar war,[4] also known as the First Bahmani–Vijayanagar War,[5] spanning from 1362 to 1367, was a significant period of conflict between the Bahmani Sultanate and the Vijayanagar empire in the Deccan plateau of India during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. It began due to disputes over the acceptance of coins in both states, with Bahmani ruler Muhammed Shah I banning Vijayanagar coins in his dominions. This move prompted Vijayanagar's Bukka Raya I to forge an alliance with Musunuri Nayakas, the then rulers of Warangal, Kanhayya, and local bankers, resulting in the destruction of Bahmani coins and the escalation of tensions leading to outright war. This was the first war in India where the Europeans fought at the Deccan and the infantry was used.
The conflict intensified with the execution of Warangal's prince by the Bahmanis, a consequence of disputes over horse trading. This event ultimately led to the vassalization of Warangal, further fueling animosity between the two powers. As the war progressed, Bahmani victories over Vijayanagar forces at Mudgal and Kauthal resulted in heavy casualties among the civilian population. In 1367, Muhammed Shah laid siege to Vijayanagar, where Bukka Raya had shut himself after two consecutive defeats, and massacred the Vijayanagar population, prompting Bukka Raya I to seek peace. However, the conflict continued, with subsequent battles further decimating Vijayanagar's resources and population. Kanhayya, the ruler of Warangal gave the famous Turquoise Throne to the Bahmani Sultan during these campaigns.
Ultimately, both parties signed a treaty aimed at preventing civilian massacres in future conflicts, marking a pivotal moment in the military history of fourteenth-century Deccan India. The war highlighted the complex dynamics between regional powers and the devastating impact of conflict on civilian populations in the region.
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named:0 - ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named:3 - ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named:2 - ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named:5 - ↑ Watson, Adam (1964). The War of the Goldsmith's Daughter. Chatto & Windus. p. 5.