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{{Multiple issues| | {{Multiple issues| | ||
{{more citations needed|date=August 2020}} | {{more citations needed|date=August 2020}} | ||
{{More footnotes|date=August 2020}} | {{More footnotes needed|date=August 2020}} | ||
}}{{Infobox officeholder | |||
| office = Vice-President of the<br/>[[Tamil Nadu Congress Committee]] | |||
| president = [[K. Rajaram Naidu]] (1957-60)<br/>[[O. V. Alagesan]] (1960-62) | |||
| predecessor = ???? | |||
| successor = ???? | |||
| term_start = 1957 | |||
| term_end = 1962 | |||
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1899|01|08}} | |||
| birth_place = [[Madras]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British Raj|British India]]<br/>(now [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India) | |||
| death_date = 1981 or 6 October 1983<br/>(aged 82 or 84) | |||
| occupation = [[Indian freedom fighter]],<br/>social worker | |||
| party = [[Indian National Congress]] [[Image:Flag of Indian National Congress.png|18px]] | |||
└─ [[Tamil Nadu Congress Committee]] | |||
| spouse = S. Desikachari | |||
| native_name_lang = ta | |||
| native_name = அம்புஜத்தம்மாள் | |||
| parents = Ranganayaki (mother)<br/>[[S. Srinivasa Iyengar]] (father) | |||
| relations = [[V. Bhashyam Aiyangar]] (maternal grandfather) | |||
}} | }} | ||
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2016}} | {{Use Indian English|date=July 2016}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2016}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2016}} | ||
'''Ambujammal Desikachari''' née '''Srinivasa Iyengar''' (8 January 1899-1983) was an [[Indian independence activist]] and [[Women in India|women's rights activist]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.womeninpeace.org/a-names/2017/4/19/srinivasa-ambujammal|title = Srinivasa Ambujammal| date=8 March 2017 }}</ref> A Gandhian, she participated in the [[Civil Disobedience Movement]] and served as vice-president of the [[Tamil Nadu Congress Committee]]. Ambujammal was awarded the [[Padma Shri]] in 1964. | |||
'''Ambujammal Desikachari''' née '''Srinivasa Iyengar''' (1899-1983) was an Indian independence activist and women's rights activist.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.womeninpeace.org/a-names/2017/4/19/srinivasa-ambujammal|title = Srinivasa Ambujammal}}</ref> A Gandhian, she participated in the [[Civil Disobedience Movement]] and served as | |||
== Early life and education == | == Early life and education == | ||
{{No footnotes|section|date=August 2020}} | {{No footnotes|section|date=August 2020}} | ||
Ambujammal was born on 8 January 1899 to [[S. Srinivasa Iyengar]] and his wife Ranganayaki. Srinivasa Iyengar was one of the foremost leaders of the [[Indian National Congress]] in the [[Madras Presidency]] and had served as the President of the [[Swaraj Party]]. Ambujammal's maternal grandfather was [[Sir V. Bhashyam Aiyangar]], the first native Indian to be appointed [[Advocate-General]] | Ambujammal was born on 8 January 1899 to [[S. Srinivasa Iyengar]] and his wife Ranganayaki. Srinivasa Iyengar was one of the foremost leaders of the [[Indian National Congress]] in the [[Madras Presidency]] and had served as the President of the [[Swaraj Party]]. Ambujammal's maternal grandfather was [[Sir V. Bhashyam Aiyangar]], the first native Indian to be appointed the [[Advocate-General of Madras]]. Ambujammal married S. Desikachari, an advocate from [[Kumbakonam]], in 1910. | ||
Early on in her life, she was fascinated by [[Mahatma Gandhi]]'s ideas, especially his constructive socio-economic program. This interest was fanned by her contact with [[R. S. Subbalakshmi|Sister Subbalakshmi]], [[Muthulakshmi Reddy|Dr. Muthulakshmi Reddy]], and [[Margaret Cousins]]. Ambujammal qualified as a teacher and taught at Sarada Vidyalaya girls school part-time. She was a committee member of Sarada | Early on in her life, she was fascinated by [[Mahatma Gandhi]]'s ideas, especially his constructive socio-economic program. This interest was fanned by her contact with [[R. S. Subbalakshmi|Sister Subbalakshmi]], [[Muthulakshmi Reddy|Dr. Muthulakshmi Reddy]], and [[Margaret Cousins]]. Ambujammal qualified as a teacher and taught at Sarada Vidyalaya girls school part-time. She was a committee member of Sarada Ladies' Union from 1929 to 1936. She worked very closely with Sister Subbalakshmi. In 1929, she was nominated Treasurer of the Women's Swadeshi League, Madras. This League was a non-political wing of the Congress, implementing Gandhi's social and economic programs. | ||
== Career and political activism == | == Career and political activism == | ||
{{No footnotes|section|date=August 2020}} | {{No footnotes|section|date=August 2020}} | ||
Her entry into political life was in 1930, during the civil disobedience movement. She joined with several women who donated their jewelry to support the national movement – on Gandhi's request. She was a strong proponent of Swadeshi, and embraced Khadi. She joined the [[Salt March|Salt Satyagraha]], and courted arrest. In 1932, she was hailed as the "Third Dictator" of the Congress, and led the Satyagrahis to boycott foreign cloth. | Her entry into political life was in 1930, during the civil disobedience movement. She joined with several women who donated their jewelry to support the national movement – on Gandhi's request. She was a strong proponent of Swadeshi, and embraced ''[[Khadi]]''. She joined the [[Salt March|Salt Satyagraha]], and courted arrest. In 1932, she was hailed as the "Third Dictator" of the Congress, and led the Satyagrahis to boycott foreign cloth. | ||
A thorough Congresswoman, she was part of the Managing Committee of the Hindi Prachar Sabha from 1934 to 1938. She did a lot of propaganda work for Hindi. As part of her activities with the Hindi Prachar Sabha, she attended the All-India Congress Session in Bombay in 1934. She stayed at Wardha Ashram with Gandhi from November 1934 till January 1935. As part of the role as Secretary of the Mylapore Ladies Club (a post she held from 1936), she conducted Hindi classes. | A thorough Congresswoman, she was part of the Managing Committee of the [[Dakshina Bharat Hindi Prachar Sabha]] from 1934 to 1938. She did a lot of propaganda work for Hindi. As part of her activities with the Hindi Prachar Sabha, she attended the All-India Congress Session in Bombay in 1934. She stayed at Wardha Ashram with Gandhi from November 1934 till January 1935. As part of the role as Secretary of the Mylapore Ladies Club (a post she held from 1936), she conducted Hindi classes. | ||
She was a significant part of the Women's India Association (WIA), taking the post of Secretary from 1939 to 1942 and that of Treasurer from 1939 to 1947. With the WIA, the issues she worked were | She was a significant part of the Women's India Association (WIA), taking the post of Secretary from 1939 to 1942 and that of Treasurer from 1939 to 1947. With the WIA, the issues she worked were abolition of [[Child marriage in India|child marriage]], [[Polygyny in India|polygamy]], and the [[Devadasi|Devadasi system]]; and bringing about legislation to protect the rights of women and their property rights. On behalf of the WIA, she was nominated to the [[Greater Chennai Corporation|Madras Corporation]]. In 1947, during the All-India Women's Conference in Madras, she was nominated as the chairperson of the reception committee. A dedicated social worker, she was the President and Treasurer of the Srinivasa Gandhi Nilayam from 1948, an institute she founded. It provided free coaching to poor girls, had a free dispensary, and also provided training and employment to women in its printing press. An associate of [[Vinoba Bhave]], Ambujammal toured Madras Province with him to publicize the [[Bhoodan movement]] in 1956. She was not in favour of too much industrialization; she believed in the Village Self-Sufficiency model – as advocated by Bhave. She was the vice-president of the [[Tamil Nadu Congress Committee]] from 1957 to 1962, and the chairman of the State Social Welfare Board from 1957 to 1964. | ||
== Contribution == | == Contribution == | ||
{{More citations needed section|date=August 2020}} | {{More citations needed section|date=August 2020}} | ||
Ambujammal actively participated in the Non-Cooperation Movement and boycotted foreign goods and clothes — she was even imprisoned twice for six months in 1932. She dedicated her life to the cause of | Ambujammal actively participated in the Non-Cooperation Movement and boycotted foreign goods and clothes — she was even imprisoned twice for six months in 1932. She dedicated her life to the cause of India's freedom and inspired several women to do the same. Women's welfare was at the top of her agenda. She set up the Srinivasa Gandhi Nilayam in 1948 at [[Teynampet]] where free milk, medicines and kanji (gruel) were given to the needy. Ambujammal was known for her simplicity. Akkamma, as she was lovingly called, dressed in khadi and wore nothing but a strand of beads around her neck.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2013-08-14 |title=Women of steel |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/women-of-steel/article5022187.ece |access-date=2024-09-11 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> | ||
Alongside that, she also helped especially in supporting the Mahila Ashram, a school for women that helped to teach Self-Respect through education. She helped support the cause alongside Gandhi (whose ideas were being taught there) by donating much of her jewelry.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jamnalalbajajfoundation.org/wardha/mahila-ashram|title = Mahila Ashram - Wardha | Mahila Seva Mandal}}</ref> | Alongside that, she also helped especially in supporting the Mahila Ashram, a school for women that helped to teach Self-Respect through education. She helped support the cause alongside Gandhi (whose ideas were being taught there) by donating much of her jewelry.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jamnalalbajajfoundation.org/wardha/mahila-ashram|title = Mahila Ashram - Wardha | Mahila Seva Mandal}}</ref> | ||
She was a | She was a scholar in Hindi and Tamil. She has written three books about Gandhi in Tamil. In 1964, she won the [[Padma Shri]] award. | ||
== In popular culture == | |||
Ambujammal is the real-life inspiration for the character of Komalammal—an [[ashram]] operator and daughter of the [[Gandhians|Gandhian]] Sadagopa Iyengar—in [[Ashokamitran]]'s novel ''Manasarovar'' (1989).<ref>{{Cite book |author-link=[[Ashokamitran]] |title=மானசரோவர் |publisher=Kizhakku Pathippagam |date=March 2006 |isbn=81-8368-107-7 |edition=3rd |location=Chennai |pages=161-162 |language=ta |trans-title=Manasarovar}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Acōkamittiran̲ |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Manasarovar/OpzfJbzMKa4C?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22Manasarovar%22+%22Ashokamitran%22&pg=136 |title=Manasarovar |date=2010 |publisher=Penguin Books India |isbn=978-0-14-306746-7 |language=en}}</ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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[[Category:Year of death missing]] | [[Category:Year of death missing]] | ||
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in social work]] | [[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in social work]] | ||
[[Category:Indian women's rights activists]] | [[Category:Indian women's rights activists]] | ||
[[Category:20th-century Indian educational theorists]] | [[Category:20th-century Indian educational theorists]] | ||
[[Category:20th-century Indian women writers]] | [[Category:20th-century Indian women writers]] | ||
[[Category:20th-century Indian non-fiction writers]] | [[Category:20th-century Indian non-fiction writers]] | ||
| Line 68: | Line 73: | ||
[[Category:Women educators from Tamil Nadu]] | [[Category:Women educators from Tamil Nadu]] | ||
[[Category:Scholars from Chennai]] | [[Category:Scholars from Chennai]] | ||
[[Category:20th-century women | [[Category:20th-century Indian women educational theorists]] | ||
[[Category:Civil disobedience in India]] | |||
Latest revision as of 13:20, 31 December 2025
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|
Ambujammal | |
|---|---|
அம்புஜத்தம்மாள் | |
| Vice-President of the Tamil Nadu Congress Committee | |
| In office 1957–1962 | |
| President | K. Rajaram Naidu (1957-60) O. V. Alagesan (1960-62) |
| Preceded by | ???? |
| Succeeded by | ???? |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 8 January 1899 Madras, Madras Presidency, British India (now Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India) |
| Died | 1981 or 6 October 1983 (aged 82 or 84) |
| Political party | Indian National Congress 
└─ Tamil Nadu Congress Committee |
| Spouse(s) | S. Desikachari |
| Relations | V. Bhashyam Aiyangar (maternal grandfather) |
| Parent(s) | Ranganayaki (mother) S. Srinivasa Iyengar (father) |
| Occupation | Indian freedom fighter, social worker |
Ambujammal Desikachari née Srinivasa Iyengar (8 January 1899-1983) was an Indian independence activist and women's rights activist.[1] A Gandhian, she participated in the Civil Disobedience Movement and served as vice-president of the Tamil Nadu Congress Committee. Ambujammal was awarded the Padma Shri in 1964.
Early life and education[edit | edit source]
 | This section includes a list of references, related reading or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. (August 2020) |
Ambujammal was born on 8 January 1899 to S. Srinivasa Iyengar and his wife Ranganayaki. Srinivasa Iyengar was one of the foremost leaders of the Indian National Congress in the Madras Presidency and had served as the President of the Swaraj Party. Ambujammal's maternal grandfather was Sir V. Bhashyam Aiyangar, the first native Indian to be appointed the Advocate-General of Madras. Ambujammal married S. Desikachari, an advocate from Kumbakonam, in 1910.
Early on in her life, she was fascinated by Mahatma Gandhi's ideas, especially his constructive socio-economic program. This interest was fanned by her contact with Sister Subbalakshmi, Dr. Muthulakshmi Reddy, and Margaret Cousins. Ambujammal qualified as a teacher and taught at Sarada Vidyalaya girls school part-time. She was a committee member of Sarada Ladies' Union from 1929 to 1936. She worked very closely with Sister Subbalakshmi. In 1929, she was nominated Treasurer of the Women's Swadeshi League, Madras. This League was a non-political wing of the Congress, implementing Gandhi's social and economic programs.
Career and political activism[edit | edit source]
| This section includes a list of references, related reading or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. (August 2020) |
Her entry into political life was in 1930, during the civil disobedience movement. She joined with several women who donated their jewelry to support the national movement – on Gandhi's request. She was a strong proponent of Swadeshi, and embraced Khadi. She joined the Salt Satyagraha, and courted arrest. In 1932, she was hailed as the "Third Dictator" of the Congress, and led the Satyagrahis to boycott foreign cloth.
A thorough Congresswoman, she was part of the Managing Committee of the Dakshina Bharat Hindi Prachar Sabha from 1934 to 1938. She did a lot of propaganda work for Hindi. As part of her activities with the Hindi Prachar Sabha, she attended the All-India Congress Session in Bombay in 1934. She stayed at Wardha Ashram with Gandhi from November 1934 till January 1935. As part of the role as Secretary of the Mylapore Ladies Club (a post she held from 1936), she conducted Hindi classes.
She was a significant part of the Women's India Association (WIA), taking the post of Secretary from 1939 to 1942 and that of Treasurer from 1939 to 1947. With the WIA, the issues she worked were abolition of child marriage, polygamy, and the Devadasi system; and bringing about legislation to protect the rights of women and their property rights. On behalf of the WIA, she was nominated to the Madras Corporation. In 1947, during the All-India Women's Conference in Madras, she was nominated as the chairperson of the reception committee. A dedicated social worker, she was the President and Treasurer of the Srinivasa Gandhi Nilayam from 1948, an institute she founded. It provided free coaching to poor girls, had a free dispensary, and also provided training and employment to women in its printing press. An associate of Vinoba Bhave, Ambujammal toured Madras Province with him to publicize the Bhoodan movement in 1956. She was not in favour of too much industrialization; she believed in the Village Self-Sufficiency model – as advocated by Bhave. She was the vice-president of the Tamil Nadu Congress Committee from 1957 to 1962, and the chairman of the State Social Welfare Board from 1957 to 1964.
Contribution[edit | edit source]
 | This section needs additional citations for verification. (August 2020) |
Ambujammal actively participated in the Non-Cooperation Movement and boycotted foreign goods and clothes — she was even imprisoned twice for six months in 1932. She dedicated her life to the cause of India's freedom and inspired several women to do the same. Women's welfare was at the top of her agenda. She set up the Srinivasa Gandhi Nilayam in 1948 at Teynampet where free milk, medicines and kanji (gruel) were given to the needy. Ambujammal was known for her simplicity. Akkamma, as she was lovingly called, dressed in khadi and wore nothing but a strand of beads around her neck.[2]
Alongside that, she also helped especially in supporting the Mahila Ashram, a school for women that helped to teach Self-Respect through education. She helped support the cause alongside Gandhi (whose ideas were being taught there) by donating much of her jewelry.[3]
She was a scholar in Hindi and Tamil. She has written three books about Gandhi in Tamil. In 1964, she won the Padma Shri award.
In popular culture[edit | edit source]
Ambujammal is the real-life inspiration for the character of Komalammal—an ashram operator and daughter of the Gandhian Sadagopa Iyengar—in Ashokamitran's novel Manasarovar (1989).[4][5]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ "Srinivasa Ambujammal". 8 March 2017.
- ↑ "Women of steel". The Hindu. 14 August 2013. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 11 September 2024.
- ↑ "Mahila Ashram - Wardha | Mahila Seva Mandal".
- ↑ மானசரோவர் [Manasarovar] (in தமிழ்) (3rd ed.). Chennai: Kizhakku Pathippagam. March 2006. pp. 161–162. ISBN 81-8368-107-7.
- ↑ Acōkamittiran̲ (2010). Manasarovar. Penguin Books India. ISBN 978-0-14-306746-7.