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| {{Short description|President of Pakistan from 1973 to 1978}}
| | #REDIRECT [[Fazal Elahi Chaudhry]] |
| {{For|the politician from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|Fazal Elahi}}
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| {{EngvarB|date=November 2015}}
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| {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
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| {{Use Pakistani English|date=June 2022}}
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| {{Infobox officeholder
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| | name = Fazal Elahi Chaudhry
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| | native_name = {{Nobold|{{lang|ur|{{Nq|فضل الہی چودھری}}}}}}
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| | honorific-prefix = [[His Excellency]]
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| | office = [[President of Pakistan|5th President of Pakistan]]
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| | image = Fazal E Ch.jpg
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| | caption =
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| | predecessor = [[Zulfikar Ali Bhutto]]
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| | primeminister = Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
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| | successor = [[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq]] (Martial Law)
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| | office2 = 6th [[Deputy Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan]]
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| | predecessor2 = [[Mohammad Afzal Cheema]]
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| | party = [[Pakistan Peoples Party]]
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| | deputy1 = Mohammad Haneef Khan
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| | office1 = 8th [[Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan]]
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| | predecessor1 = [[Zulfikar Ali Bhutto]]
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| | successor1 = [[Sahibzada Farooq Ali]]
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| | termend2 = 25 March 1969
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| | termstart2 = 12 January 1965
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| | successor2 = [[A. T. M. Abdul Mateen]]
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| | office3 = [[List of Speakers of the West Pakistan Legislative Assembly|Speaker of the Provincial Assembly of West Pakistan]]
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| | termstart3 = 20 May 1956
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| | termend3 = 7 October 1958
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| | predecessor3 = ''position established''
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| | successor3 = Mubin-ul-Haq Siddiqui
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| | office4 = Member of the [[National Assembly of Pakistan]]
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| | termstart4 = 14 April 1972
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| | termend4 = 13 August 1973
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| | constituency4 = NW-36 (Gujrat-II)
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| | termstart5 = 12 June 1965
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| | termend5 = 25 March 1969
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| | constituency5 = NW-24 (Gujrat-
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| I)
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| | termstart6 = 8 June 1962
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| | termend6 = 7 June 1965
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| | constituency6 = NW-24 (Gujrat-
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| II)
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| | office7 = Member of the [[List of Speakers of the West Pakistan Legislative Assembly|Provincial Assembly of West Pakistan]]
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| | termstart7 = 19 May 1956
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| | termend7 = 7 October 1958
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| | constituency7 = Gujrat District
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| | office8 = Member of the [[Provincial Assembly of Punjab]]
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| | termstart8 = 7 May 1951
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| | termend8 = 14 October 1955
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| | constituency8 = Gujrat-VII
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| | termstart9 = 15 August 1947
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| | termend9 = 25 January 1949
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| | constituency9 = Gujrat-VII
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| | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1904|1|1}}
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| | birth_place = [[Kharian]], [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]], [[British Raj|British India]]<br/>(now in [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]], [[Pakistan]])
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| | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1982|6|2|1904|1|1}}
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| | death_place = [[Lahore]], [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]], [[Pakistan]]
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| | alma_mater = [[Aligarh Muslim University]] (L.L.B)<br />[[University of the Punjab]] (M.A)
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| | term_start = 14 August 1973
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| | term_end = 16 September 1978
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| | term_start1 = 15 August 1972
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| | term_end1 = 13 August 1973
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| }} | | }} |
| '''Fazal Elahi Chaudhry''' ([[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], {{lang-ur|{{Nastaliq|فضل الہی چودھری}}}}; 1 January 1904<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KZ9CAQAAIAAJ&q=Fazal+Ilahi+Chaudhry+1904 |title=Current World Leaders: almanac |date=1977 |publisher=Almanac of Current World Leaders |language=en}}</ref> – 2 June 1982) was a Pakistani politician who served as the fifth [[president of Pakistan]] from 1973 until 1978,<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Democratically Elected and the Military Presidents of Pakistan |url=https://dunyanews.tv/en/Pakistan/455404-Presidential-Election-Democratically-Elected-Military-President-Pakistan |access-date=8 April 2022 |website=Dunya News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr Alvi is third Pak president to assume charge at the age of 69 |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/364169-dr-alvi-is-third-pak-president-to-assume-charge-at-the-age-of-69 |access-date=8 April 2022 |website=www.thenews.com.pk |language=en}}</ref> prior to the [[1977 Pakistani coup d'état|martial law]] led by [[Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Army Staff]] General [[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq|Zia-ul-Haq]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Democratically Elected and the Military Presidents of Pakistan |url=https://dunyanews.tv/en/Pakistan/455404-Presidential-Election-Democratically-Elected-Military-President-Pakistan |access-date=8 April 2022 |website=Dunya News}}</ref> He also served as the [[Deputy Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan]] from 1965 to 1969 and the 8th [[Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan]] from 1972 to 1973.
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| ==Early life==
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| Fazal Elahi Chaudhry was born on 1 January 1904 into an influential [[Gurjar|Gujjar]] family<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2012/06/02/city/karachi/former-president-fazal-ilahi-remembered/ |work=Pakistan Today |title=Former president Fazal Ilahi remembered |date=2 June 2012 |access-date=23 April 2016}}</ref> in [[Marala]] village, near the city of [[Kharian]], [[Gujrat District]] in [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab Province]]. After receiving his education from there, Chaudhry joined the prestigious [[Aligarh Muslim University]] in 1920,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tareekh e Pakistan - Deat of Fazal Elahi Choudhry (فضل الٰہی چوہدری کی وفات) {{!}} Online History Of Pakistan |url=https://www.tareekhepakistan.com/detail?title_id=698&dtd_id=830 |access-date=8 April 2022 |website=www.tareekhepakistan.com}}</ref> receiving his [[Bachelor of Law|LLB]] in [[Civil law (legal system)|Civil law]] in 1924. Thereafter, Chaudhry returned to [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]] and attended the [[University of the Punjab|Punjab University]]'s post-graduate school in law and political science. In 1925, Chaudhry obtained his [[Master of Arts|MA]] in [[Political Science]] in 1925, and the advanced [[Master of Law|LLM]] in Law and Justice, in 1927.
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| After completing his education, Chaudhry established his law firm in Lahore, advocating for the civil law and liberties, and went back to Gujrat and started practising the civil law.
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| ==Political career==
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| === Early years (1942-1956) ===
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| In 1930, Chaudhry started taking interest in politics and participated in the [[1930 Indian general election]] for the Gujrat District Board and was elected unopposed.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Former Pakistani President Chaudhry Fazal Elahi died Tuesday of... |url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1982/06/01/Former-Pakistani-President-Chaudhry-Fazal-Elahi-died-Tuesday-of/1841391752000/ |access-date=8 April 2022 |website=UPI |language=en}}</ref> He joined the [[All-India Muslim League|Muslim League]] in 1942. In 1945, he was elected from Gujrat as the President of Muslim League. He took part in the [[1946 Indian provincial elections]] on Muslim League's ticket and played an important role in propagating the ideas of the Muslim League among the people of his area. Upon the [[independence of Pakistan]], he was given the post of Parliamentary Secretary, and was included in [[Liaquat Ali Khan]]'s cabinet, serving as the [[Minister for Education (Pakistan)|education]] and [[Ministry of Health (Pakistan)|health]] minister.
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| He further joined [[Pakistan Ambassador to the United Nations|Pakistan permanent representative]]'s delegation to the United Nations in 1951.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry {{!}} The Asian Age Online, Bangladesh |url=http://dailyasianage.com/news/65092/?regenerate |access-date=8 April 2022 |website=The Asian Age |language=en}}</ref> In 1951, he contested the elections of the Punjab Legislative Assembly on the Muslim League ticket and was elected as a member of the Punjab Assembly. In 1952, he represented Pakistan in the United Nations.
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| === Speaker and deputy speaker roles (1956-1972) ===
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| In the 1956 elections, he was elected as member of the West Pakistan Assembly. Chaudhry served as the first [[List of speakers of the West Pakistan Legislative Assembly|Speaker of the West Pakistan Legislative Assembly]] from 20 May 1956 to 7 October 1958. In 1962, when Ayub Khan announced the elections, he was selected as the Deputy Opposition Leader of the House on the basis of his experience and knowledge about parliamentary proceedings. Chaudhry joined the [[Convention Muslim League]], and after the [[1965 Pakistani presidential election|1965 presidential election]], he was elected as the [[Deputy Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan|Deputy Speaker of the National Assembly]], a role he served in till 1969.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Toothless lions? {{!}} Special Report {{!}} thenews.com.pk |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/tns/detail/928881-toothless-lions |access-date=8 April 2022 |website=www.thenews.com.pk |language=en}}</ref>
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| He was elected as member of the [[National Assembly of Pakistan|National Assembly]] in 1970 on the ticket of the [[Pakistan Peoples Party]], and was later elected as the [[Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan|Speaker of the National Assembly]] in 1972.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Assembly of Pakistan |url=https://na.gov.pk/en/content.php?id=23 |access-date=8 April 2022 |website=na.gov.pk}}</ref> He ended up joining the Pakistan Peoples Party.
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| === President of Pakistan (1973-1978) ===
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| He contested the Presidential Elections of 1973 against [[Khan Amirzadah Khan]] of [[National Awami Party|NAP]] and all opposition parties, and was elected President in 1973 (receiving 139 votes against Khan's 45),<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 August 1973 |title=New President of Pakistan Named in Government Shift |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1973/08/11/archives/new-president-of-pakistan-named-in-government-shift.html |access-date=8 April 2022 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> when the head of the PPP, [[Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto]] was made [[Prime Minister of Pakistan|Prime Minister]]. He was the first [[Punjabi people|Punjabi]] President of Pakistan.
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| Chaudhry was largely a [[figurehead]], and was the first Pakistani President with less power than the Prime Minister. This was due to the new [[Constitution of Pakistan|constitution of 1973]] that gave more powers to the Prime Minister. Previously, the President had been the chief executive of Pakistan and had the power to appoint [[Prime Minister of Pakistan|Prime Minister]]. After [[Operation Fair Play]] - a codename of the operation to remove Zulfikar Ali Bhutto from power - Chaudhry continued his presidency but had no influence in the [[Government of Pakistan|government operations]] or the [[Pakistan Military|military]] and [[Politics of Pakistan|national affairs]].
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| After contentious relations with the [[Pakistan Armed Forces|military]], Chaudhry decided to resign from his post<ref name=":0" /> despite the urging of the [[Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Army Staff]] and [[Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee|Chairman]] of [[Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee|Joint Chiefs of Staff]]. On 16 September 1978, Chaudhry handed the charge of the [[Aiwan-e-Sadr|presidency]] to ruling military general [[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq|Zia-ul-Haq]] who succeeded him as the sixth president, in addition to being the [[Chief Martial Law Administrator]] and the [[Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Army Staff]].
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| ==Death==
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| Chaudhry died of a heart ailment on 2 June 1982 at the age of 78.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Upi |date=2 June 1982 |title=Fazal Elahi Dies at 78; Pakistani Ex-President |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/06/02/obituaries/fazal-elahi-dies-at-78-pakistani-ex-president.html |access-date=8 April 2022 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref name=":0" />
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| ==References==
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| {{Reflist}}
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| ==External links==
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| *[https://web.archive.org/web/20090402114442/http://therepublicofrumi.com/47.htm Chronicles Of Pakistan]
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| {{s-start}}
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| {{s-off}}
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| {{s-bef|rows=2|before=[[Zulfikar Ali Bhutto ]]}}
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| {{s-ttl|title={{nowrap|[[Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan|Speaker of the National Assembly]]}}|years=1972–1973}}
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| {{s-aft|after=[[Sahibzada Farooq Ali]]}}
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| |-
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| {{s-ttl|title=[[President of Pakistan]]|years=1973–1978}}
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| {{s-aft|after=[[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq]]}}
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| {{s-end}}
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| {{Presidents of Pakistan}}
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| {{Speaker National Assembly Pakistan}}
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| {{DEFAULTSORT:Chaudhry, Fazal Elahi}}
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| [[Category:1904 births]]
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| [[Category:1982 deaths]]
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| [[Category:Aligarh Muslim University alumni]]
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| [[Category:First Pakistani Cabinet]]
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| [[Category:Pakistan Movement activists]]
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| [[Category:People from Kharian]]
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| [[Category:Presidents of Pakistan]]
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| [[Category:Pakistani landowners]]
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| [[Category:Speakers of the National Assembly of Pakistan]]
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| [[Category:University of the Punjab alumni]]
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| [[Category:Pakistan Peoples Party politicians]]
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| [[Category:Faculty of Law, Aligarh Muslim University alumni]]
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| [[Category:Deputy Speakers of the National Assembly of Pakistan]]
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| [[Category:Pakistani MNAs 1972–1977]]
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| [[Category:Pakistani MNAs 1962–1965]]
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| [[Category:Punjab, Pakistan MLAs 1951–1955]]
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| [[Category:Members of the Provincial Assembly of West Pakistan]]
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| [[Category:Speakers of the Provincial Assembly of West Pakistan]]
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