1,182
edits
→Iliad
(→Giants) Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit Advanced mobile edit |
(→Iliad) Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit Advanced mobile edit |
||
| Line 122: | Line 122: | ||
===''Iliad''=== | ===''Iliad''=== | ||
In [[Homer]]'s ''[[Iliad]]'', Ares has no fixed allegiance. He promises Athena and Hera that he will fight for the [[Achaeans (Homer)|Achaeans]] but [[Aphrodite]] persuades him to side with the [[Troy|Trojans]]. During the war, [[Diomedes]] fights [[Hector]] and sees Ares fighting on the Trojans' side. Diomedes calls for his soldiers to withdraw.<ref>''Iliad'' [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-eng1:5.792-5.834 5.830–834], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-eng1:5.576-5.626 5.590–605], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-eng1:21.400-21.433 21.410–414].</ref> Zeus grants Athena permission to drive Ares from the battlefield. Encouraged by Hera and Athena, Diomedes thrusts with his spear at Ares. Athena drives the spear home, and all sides tremble at Ares's cries. Ares flees to [[Mount Olympus]], forcing the Trojans to fall back.<ref>''Iliad'' [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-eng1:5.711-5.763 5.711–769], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-eng1:5.764-5.791 5.780–834], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-eng1:5.835-5.863 5.855–864].</ref> Ares overhears that his son Ascalaphus has been killed and wants to change sides again, rejoining the Achaeans for vengeance, disregarding Zeus's order that no Olympian should join the battle. Athena stops him. Later, when Zeus allows the gods to fight in the war again, Ares attacks Athena to avenge his previous injury. Athena overpowers him by striking him with a boulder.<ref>''Iliad'' [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-eng1:15.78-15.112 15.110–128], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-eng1:20.1-20.29 20.20–29], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-eng1:21.361-21.399 21.391–408].</ref> | In [[Homer]]'s ''[[Iliad]]'', Ares has no fixed allegiance. He promises Athena and Hera that he will fight for the [[Achaeans (Homer)|Achaeans]] but [[Aphrodite]] persuades him to side with the [[Troy|Trojans]]. During the war, [[Diomedes]] fights [[Hector]] and sees Ares fighting on the Trojans' side. Diomedes calls for his soldiers to withdraw.<ref>''Iliad'' [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-eng1:5.792-5.834 5.830–834], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-eng1:5.576-5.626 5.590–605], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-eng1:21.400-21.433 21.410–414].</ref> Zeus grants Athena permission to drive Ares from the battlefield. Encouraged by Hera and Athena, Diomedes thrusts with his spear at Ares. Athena drives the spear home, and all sides tremble at Ares's cries. Ares flees to [[Mount Olympus]], forcing the Trojans to fall back.<ref>''Iliad'' [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-eng1:5.711-5.763 5.711–769], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-eng1:5.764-5.791 5.780–834], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-eng1:5.835-5.863 5.855–864].</ref> Ares overhears that his son Ascalaphus has been killed and wants to change sides again, rejoining the Achaeans for vengeance, disregarding Zeus's order that no Olympian should join the battle. Athena stops him. Later, when Zeus allows the gods to fight in the war again, Ares attacks Athena to avenge his previous injury. Athena overpowers him by striking him with a boulder.<ref>''Iliad'' [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-eng1:15.78-15.112 15.110–128], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-eng1:20.1-20.29 20.20–29], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-eng1:21.361-21.399 21.391–408].</ref> | ||
===Attendants=== | |||
[[Deimos (mythology)|Deimos]] ("Terror" or "Dread") and [[Phobos (mythology)|Phobos]] ("Fear") are Ares' companions in war,<ref>''Iliad'' 4.436f, and 13.299f [[Hesiod|Hesiod's]] ''[[Shield of Heracles]]'' 191, 460; [[Quintus Smyrnaeus]], 10.51, etc.</ref> and according to [[Hesiod]], are also his children by [[Aphrodite]].<ref>Hesiod, ''[[Theogony]]'' 934f.</ref> [[Eris (mythology)|Eris]], the goddess of discord, or [[Enyo]], the goddess of war, bloodshed, and violence, was considered the sister and companion of the violent Ares.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Wolfe|first=Jessica|date=2005|title=Spenser, Homer, and the mythography of strife|url=http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A141260392/GPS?u=nm_p_losalamos&xid=ab4996a1|journal=Renaissance Quarterly|volume=58|issue=4|pages=1220–1288|doi=10.1353/ren.2008.0987|s2cid=161655379|via=Gale General Reference Center |issn=0034-4338|url-access=subscription}}</ref> In at least one tradition, Enyalius, rather than another name for Ares, was his son by Enyo.<ref>Eustathius on Homer, 944</ref> | |||
Ares may also be accompanied by [[Kydoimos]], the daemon of the din of battle; the [[Makhai]] ("Battles"); the "Hysminai" ("Acts of manslaughter"); [[Polemos]], a minor spirit of war, or only an epithet of Ares, since it has no specific dominion; and Polemos's daughter, [[Alala]], the [[goddess]] or [[personification]] of the Greek war-cry, whose name Ares uses as his own war-cry. Ares's sister [[Hebe (mythology)|Hebe]] ("Youth") also draws baths for him. | |||
According to [[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]], local inhabitants of [[Therapne]], [[Sparta]], recognized [[Thero (Greek mythology)|Thero]], "feral, savage", as a nurse of Ares.<ref>[[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0525.tlg001.perseus-eng1:3.19.7 3.19.7–8].</ref> | |||