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| [[Image:Manu chillum italian chillum chapora goa.jpg|thumb|right|An Italian-made chillum]] | | #REDIRECT [[Chillum]] |
| [[File:Chillam.JPG|thumb|Traditional earthen chillum displayed for sale at Chawk Bazaar [[Jorhat]], [[Assam]]]]
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| [[File:Darrel Mortimer and his Biggest Tattooed Chillum, San Francisco 2009.jpg|thumb|Darrel Mortimer holding {{Convert|8|ft|m}} tattooed bamboo chillum]]
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| A '''chillum''', or '''chilam''', is a straight conical [[smoking pipe]] traditionally made of clay or a soft stone (Steatite or Catlinite), many examples of chillum were found in Pre-Columbian America and it would evolve eventually into what we now know as the "Elbow-Pipe". Used popularly in India in the eighteenth century.<ref>[http://www.trocadero.com/paha/items/495809/item495809store.html A bidri chillum, </ref> <ref>Dolf Hartsuiker. John van Zijl of Plumstead, South Africa was the first person to smoke from a marble chillum. [http://www.adolphus.nl/sadhus/stories/holysmoke.html Holy Smoke] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011184141/http://adolphus.nl/sadhus/stories/holysmoke.html |date=2007-10-11 }} ''Sadhus and Yogis of India''</ref> A small stone is often used as a stopper in the stem. The style of pipe spread quickly to Africa, and is known in the Americas since the 1960s. A chillum pipe is used in [[Rastafari]] rituals.
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| ==Chillum stone==
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| When smoking a chillum a chillum stone is often inserted in the pipe to keep from directly inhaling debris much like a screen or filter is used in other pipes. They are generally tight fitting, conical with a flat top and usually have a small hole drilled down through the centre and slits down the sides to allow smoke to pass freely. Before they were commercially available people would search for the right size of pebble or stone to fit their pipes, a practice still followed by some.
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| According to [[Alfred Dunhill]], Africans have long employed chillum-style pipes for smoking [[cannabis (drug)|cannabis]] and later tobacco. Gourds and various horns were often employed while conical bowls were common in [[Uganda]]. One of the more famous pipes is an ivory cone pipe once belonging to "[[Buganda|Waganda]]" monarch [[Muteesa_I_of_Buganda|King Mtesa]].<ref name="dunhill">{{cite book|last1=Dunhill|first1=Alfred|title=The Pipe Book|date=1924|publisher=A. & C. Black|location=London}}</ref>
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| More recently, it has also seen use in sacraments by [[Rastafari movement|Rastafari]].<ref>[http://www.jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20020224/arts/arts1.html Spotlight on Rastafarian sects] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080214125910/http://www.jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20020224/arts/arts1.html |date=2008-02-14 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20030427/ent/ent3.html 'Rasta in Transition' launched at Livity Restaurant ] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114102815/http://www.jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20030427/ent/ent3.html |date=2009-01-14 }}</ref>
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| Since the 1960s the embellished bamboo chillum has become an American folk art form. These pipes are handmade and often sold by artists on street corners in places like the [[Haight-Ashbury]] district of San Francisco and the [[Greenwich Village]] area of New York City. The designs on these contemporary smoking pipes recall traditional decorated bamboo pipes from Borneo,<ref name="dunhill">{{cite book|last1=Dunhill|first1=Alfred|title=The Pipe Book|date=1924|publisher=A. & C. Black|location=London}}</ref> however, the American carved bamboo design often employs a brass lighting fixture for a bowl. Since the 1970s, street artist Darrel "Pipeman" Mortimer of San Francisco has made nearly 10,000 such pipes, each signed, numbered, and sold personally.<ref name=Austin>Austin, Buck: "Darrel Mortimer", Alarm Magazine, Chicago, summer 2004</ref>
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| ==Rastafari ceremony==
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| In "reasoning sessions" and [[Grounation Day|grounations]], the ritual chillum used is made of a cow's horn or conical wood piece, fitted with a long drawtube giving the smoke time to cool before inhalation.
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| A [[bong]]-like chillum equipped with a water filtration chamber is sometimes referred to as a [[Chalice (pipe)|chalice]], based on a quote from the [[Bible|Biblical]] book of [[Deuteronomy]].<ref>[http://www.mc.maricopa.edu/dept/d10/asb/anthro2003/godkings/rastafari.html ''The Rastafari'' by Maria Baptist] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080605225407/http://www.mc.maricopa.edu/dept/d10/asb/anthro2003/godkings/rastafari.html |date=June 5, 2008 }}</ref> Thanks and praises are offered to [[Jah]] before [[cannabis smoking|smoking]] the chillum.<ref>[http://www.erowid.org/plants/cannabis/cannabis_spirit1.shtml The Rastafarians by Leonard E. Barrett 1988]</ref>
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| ==See also==
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| * [[Spiritual use of cannabis]]
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| * [[Smoking pipe (non-tobacco)]]
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| ==References==
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| {{reflist|2}}
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| {{Wiktionary|चिलम}}
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| {{Cannabis resources}}
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| {{DEFAULTSORT:Chillum (Pipe)}}
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| [[Category:Indian culture]]
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| [[Category:Cannabis smoking]]
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| [[category:cannabis in India]]
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| [[Category:Cannabis and religion]]
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| [[Category:Drug paraphernalia]]
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| [[Category:Pipe smoking]]
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| [[Category:Tobacco in India]]
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| [[Category:Desi culture]]
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