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{{Short description| Western Chalukya Emperor from 1138 to 1151}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox royalty
| succession = Western Chalukya King
| reign = 1138–1151
| predecessor = [[Someshvara III]]
| successor = [[Tailapa III]]
| image = Old Kannada inscription (c.1148 AD) of Kalyani (Western) Chalukya King Jagadekamalla II.JPG
| caption = [[Old Kannada]] inscription (c.1148 AD) of Western Chalukya King Jagadekamalla II
| death_date =
| father = [[Someshvara III]]
| religion = [[Jainism]]<ref>Desai, pp.169.</ref><ref>Saletore 1938.</ref>
| spouse =
| issue =
| house = [[Chalukya dynasty]]
}}
{{Chalukyas|Kalyani}}
{{Chalukyas|Kalyani}}
[[File:Old Kannada inscription (c.1148 AD) of Kalyani (Western) Chalukya King Jagadekamalla II.JPG|thumb|upright|Old Kannada inscription (c.1148 AD) of Western Chalukya King Jagadekamalla II]]
'''Jagadhekamalla II''' or '''Jagadhekamalladeva''' (r. 1138–1151) followed Someshvara III to the [[Western Chalukya]] throne.<ref name="sen2">{{Cite book |last=Sen |first=Sailendra |title=A Textbook of Medieval Indian History |publisher=Primus Books |year=2013 |isbn=978-9-38060-734-4 |pages=52–53}}</ref> His rule saw the slow decline of the Chalukya empire with the loss of [[Vengi]] entirely, though he was still able to control the [[Hoysalas]] in the south and the [[Seuna]] and [[Paramara dynasty|Paramara]] in the north. He patronised [[Kannada]] grammarian [[Nagavarma II]], who wrote many famous works including ''Kavyavalokana'' and ''Karnataka Bhashabhushana''. Jagadhekamalla II himself was a merited scholar and wrote in Sanskrit ''Sangithachudamani'' a work on music.
'''Jagadhekamalla II''' (r.1138–1151 CE) followed Someshvara III to the [[Western Chalukya]] throne.<ref name="sen2">{{Cite book |last=Sen |first=Sailendra |title=A Textbook of Medieval Indian History |publisher=Primus Books |year=2013 |isbn=978-9-38060-734-4 |pages=52–53}}</ref> His rule saw the slow decline of the Chalukya empire with the loss of [[Vengi]] entirely, though he was still able to control the [[Hoysalas]] in the south and the [[Seuna]] and [[Paramara]] in the north. He patronised [[Kannada]] grammarian [[Nagavarma II]], who wrote many famous works including ''Kavyavalokana'' and ''Karnataka Bhashabhushana''. Jagadhekamalla II himself was a merited scholar and wrote in Sanskrit ''Sangithachudamani'' a work on music.
 
==Culture and Literature==
Jagadekamalla II was a follower of [[Jainism]] and continued the long-standing tradition of Jain patronage followed by earlier and later rulers of the Western Chalukya dynasty.<ref>Saletore 1938.</ref> Several Chalukyan kings-such as Irivabedanga Satyasraya, Jagadekamalla II, Somesvara I, Somesvara II, Vikramaditya VI, Somesvara III, Taila III, and Somesvara IV extended the royal umbrella to Jainism and enhanced its status by patronizing Jain writers, granting lands to Jain teachers, and supporting the construction and maintenance of Jain basadis. Contemporary inscriptions record his donations to Jain temples and monks. His capital at Potlakere (modern Patancheruvu in Medak district) became an important centre for Jain worship, housing numerous basadis and Jaina images. A Maski inscription records donations for a Jaina basadi at Basavoja in 1027 CE, and an inscription at Saidapur records land and cash gifts made under the king's authority to the "Bhodasena" and "Vaidyaratnakara" jinalayas at the request of Jain preceptors. Royal officials and associates who were devout Jains, such as the physician and royal official Aggalayya, also made gifts to Jain temples and founded religious establishments during his reign, reflecting the continued influence of Jain religious culture at court.<ref>Upadhye, A.N., ''On the meaning of Yapaniya'', ''Srikanthika'', p.198.</ref><ref>Desai, P.B., ''Jainism in South India'' (JISI), pp.167–168.</ref><ref>Saletore 1938.</ref>
 
Epigraphic evidence from Jagadekamalla II's reign further attests to this patronage. An inscription engraved on all four faces of a pillar preserved at Bandayappa Matha in Bichikunta village (present-day Kamareddy district, Telangana) is dated to Śaka 953 (1031 CE). Written in Kannada language and script, the inscription records the construction of a Kalla Basadi belonging to the Desiyagana Sangha and the installation of a Tirthankara image identified as [[Chandraprabha]] Tirthankara. It also documents land grants made by local donors-Senabova Changayya, Palla Chattayya, Boppagorava, Devannayya, and Sovappayya-together with merchant guilds such as the Nakharas and Munnurvaru, as sarvamanya (tax-free) gifts during Jagadekamalla II's reign.
 
Jagadekamalla II was also a merited scholar. He authored the Sangita-chudamani, a work on music covering topics such as Alapana and Gamaka, qualities of singers and composers, voice culture, and auditorium design. He was the patron of the [[Jain]] scholar and grammarian Nagavarma II, author of Kannada works such as ''Kavya-avalokana'' and ''Karnataka-Bhasha-bhushana''. The scholar and [[Jain monk|Jain Acharya]] ''Parsvadev'' author of ''Sangita Samayasara'', followed Jagadekamalla's work on subjects like Ragas and Prabandhas. Sarangadeva's Sangita-ratnakara (early 13th century) also mentions Jagadekamalla (Jagadeka-mahipatih) with respect.<ref>Upadhye, A.N., ''On the meaning of Yapaniya'', ''Srikanthika'', p.198.</ref><ref>Desai, P.B., ''Jainism in South India'' (JISI), pp.167–168.</ref><ref>Saletore 1938.</ref>
 
Jagadekamalla's contemporary, Someshvara I, commenced compiling the ''Manasollasa'' while he was a prince and completed it around 1129 CE (1051 Saka). The Manasollasa is a monumental encyclopedic work covering subjects such as governance, military strategy, medicine, veterinary science, valuation of precious stones, fortifications, painting, arts, games, amusements, culinary art, dance, and music.<ref>Upadhye, A.N., ''On the meaning of Yapaniya'', ''Srikanthika'', p.198.</ref><ref>Desai, P.B., ''Jainism in South India'' (JISI), pp.167–168.</ref><ref>Saletore 1938.</ref>


==References==
==References==
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==Sources==
==Sources==
* {{Citation | last =Kamat | first =Dr. Suryanath | year =2001 | title =A Concise History of Karnataka:(from Pre-historic Times to the Present); Rev. Engl. Version of Karnatakadasankshipta Itihasa| publisher =Archana Prakashana, 1980| url =https://books.google.com/books?id=UR01nwEACAAJ }}
* {{Citation | last =Kamat | first =Dr. Suryanath | year =2001 | title =A Concise History of Karnataka:(from Pre-historic Times to the Present); Rev. Engl. Version of Karnatakadasankshipta Itihasa| publisher =Archana Prakashana, 1980| url =https://books.google.com/books?id=UR01nwEACAAJ }}
*⁠ {{cite book |last=Desai |first=P. B. |title=Jainism in South India and Some Jaina Epigraphs |url=https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.6891 |year=1957 |publisher=Published by the author |pages=167–168 }}
* {{Citation | last =Sen | first =S.N. | year =1976 | title =Ancient Indian History and Civilization | publisher =New Age International|isbn=978-81-224-1198-0 | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=Wk4_ICH_g1EC&q=jagadekamalla+II&pg=PA387 | page=387}}
* {{Citation | last =Sen | first =S.N. | year =1976 | title =Ancient Indian History and Civilization | publisher =New Age International|isbn=978-81-224-1198-0 | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=Wk4_ICH_g1EC&q=jagadekamalla+II&pg=PA387 | page=387}}
* {{Citation | last =Jayapalan | first =N | year = 2001 | title =History of India | publisher =Atlantic |isbn=9788171569281 | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=tU1yDpYlu38C&q=jagadekamalla+II&pg=PA151 | page=151}}
* {{Citation | last =Jayapalan | first =N | year = 2001 | title =History of India | publisher =Atlantic |isbn=9788171569281 | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=tU1yDpYlu38C&q=jagadekamalla+II&pg=PA151 | page=151}}
* {{Citation | last = Chatterjee | first =Amitava | year =  2014| title =History: UGC-NET/SET/JRF (Paper II and III), 1/e | publisher =Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. |isbn= 9789332520622 | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=d5KKBAAAQBAJ&q=jagadekamalla+II&pg=SA6-PA40}}
* {{Citation | last = Chatterjee | first =Amitava | year =  2014| title =History: UGC-NET/SET/JRF (Paper II and III), 1/e | publisher =Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. |isbn= 9789332520622 | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=d5KKBAAAQBAJ&q=jagadekamalla+II&pg=SA6-PA40}}
* {{Citation | last =Tripathi | first = Rama Shankar | year = 1967| title =History of Ancient India | publisher =MOTILAL BANARSIDASS PUBLISHERS PRIVATE LIMITED |isbn= 9788120800182| url =https://books.google.com/books?id=rOVpOG6MPMcC&q=jagadekamalla+II&pg=PA577}}
* {{Citation | last =Tripathi | first = Rama Shankar | year = 1967| title =History of Ancient India | publisher =MOTILAL BANARSIDASS PUBLISHERS PRIVATE LIMITED |isbn= 9788120800182| url =https://books.google.com/books?id=rOVpOG6MPMcC&q=jagadekamalla+II&pg=PA577}}
 
*  ⁠{{cite book
{{S-start}}
|last=Saletore
{{Succession box|title=[[Western Chalukya]]|before=[[Someshvara III]]|after=[[Tailapa III]] |years=1138–1151}}
|first=B. A.
{{s-end}}
|title=Medieval Jainism: With Special Reference to the Deccan
|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.13686
|year=1938
|publisher=Bombay Popular Book Depot
}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Jagadhekamalla Ii}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Jagadhekamalla Ii}}
[[Category:1151 deaths]]
[[Category:1151 deaths]]
[[Category:Western Chalukya Empire]]
[[Category:Western Chalukya kings]]
[[Category:12th-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:12th-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:Hindu monarchs]]
[[Category:Hindu monarchs]]

Latest revision as of 17:39, 22 March 2026


Jagadhekamalla II
Old Kannada inscription (c.1148 AD) of Western Chalukya King Jagadekamalla II
Western Chalukya King
Reign1138–1151
PredecessorSomeshvara III
SuccessorTailapa III
HouseChalukya dynasty
FatherSomeshvara III
ReligionJainism[1][2]
Chalukya dynasties
Vatapi / Badami Chalukyas
Jayasimhac. 500-520
Ranaraga c. 520-540
Pulakeshin I 540–566
Kirttivarman I 566–597
Mangalesha 597–609
Pulakeshin II 609–642
Adityavarman c. 643-645
Abhinavaditya c. 645-646
Chandraditya c. 646-649
Vijaya-Bhattarika (regent) c. 650-655
Vikramaditya I 655–680
Vinayaditya 680–696
Vijayaditya 696–733
Vikramaditya II 733–746
Kirtivarman II 746–753
Vengi / Eastern Chalukyas
Kubja Vishnuvardhana 624–641
Jayasimha I 641–673
Indra Bhattaraka 673
Vishnu Vardhana II 673–682
Mangi Yuvaraja 682–706
Jayasimha II 706–718
Kokkili 719
Vishnuvardhana III 719–755
Vijayaditya I (Eastern Chalukya) 755–772
Vishnuvardhana IV 772–808
Vijayaditya II 808–847
Kali Vishnuvardhana V 847–849
Vijayaditya III 849–892
Chalukya Bhima I 892–921
Vijayaditya IV 921
Amma I 921–927
Beta Vijayaditya V 927
Tala I 927
Vikramaditya II 927–928
Bhima II 928
Yuddhamalla II 928–935
Chalukya Bhima II 935–947
Amma II 947–970
Tala I 970
Danarnava 970–973
Jata Choda Bhima 973–999
Shaktivarman I 1000–1011
Vimaladitya 1011–1018
Rajaraja Narendra 1019–1061
Vijayaditya VII
Kalyani / Western Chalukyas
Tailapa II 957–997
Satyashraya 997–1008
Vikramaditya V 1008–1015
Jayasimha II 1015–1042
Someshvara I 1042–1068
Someshvara II 1068–1076
Vikramaditya VI 1076–1126
Someshvara III 1126–1138
Jagadhekamalla II 1138–1151
Tailapa III 1151–1164
Jagadhekamalla III 1163–1183
Someshvara IV 1184–1200

Jagadhekamalla II or Jagadhekamalladeva (r. 1138–1151) followed Someshvara III to the Western Chalukya throne.[3] His rule saw the slow decline of the Chalukya empire with the loss of Vengi entirely, though he was still able to control the Hoysalas in the south and the Seuna and Paramara in the north. He patronised Kannada grammarian Nagavarma II, who wrote many famous works including Kavyavalokana and Karnataka Bhashabhushana. Jagadhekamalla II himself was a merited scholar and wrote in Sanskrit Sangithachudamani a work on music.

Culture and Literature[edit | edit source]

Jagadekamalla II was a follower of Jainism and continued the long-standing tradition of Jain patronage followed by earlier and later rulers of the Western Chalukya dynasty.[4] Several Chalukyan kings-such as Irivabedanga Satyasraya, Jagadekamalla II, Somesvara I, Somesvara II, Vikramaditya VI, Somesvara III, Taila III, and Somesvara IV extended the royal umbrella to Jainism and enhanced its status by patronizing Jain writers, granting lands to Jain teachers, and supporting the construction and maintenance of Jain basadis. Contemporary inscriptions record his donations to Jain temples and monks. His capital at Potlakere (modern Patancheruvu in Medak district) became an important centre for Jain worship, housing numerous basadis and Jaina images. A Maski inscription records donations for a Jaina basadi at Basavoja in 1027 CE, and an inscription at Saidapur records land and cash gifts made under the king's authority to the "Bhodasena" and "Vaidyaratnakara" jinalayas at the request of Jain preceptors. Royal officials and associates who were devout Jains, such as the physician and royal official Aggalayya, also made gifts to Jain temples and founded religious establishments during his reign, reflecting the continued influence of Jain religious culture at court.[5][6][7]

Epigraphic evidence from Jagadekamalla II's reign further attests to this patronage. An inscription engraved on all four faces of a pillar preserved at Bandayappa Matha in Bichikunta village (present-day Kamareddy district, Telangana) is dated to Śaka 953 (1031 CE). Written in Kannada language and script, the inscription records the construction of a Kalla Basadi belonging to the Desiyagana Sangha and the installation of a Tirthankara image identified as Chandraprabha Tirthankara. It also documents land grants made by local donors-Senabova Changayya, Palla Chattayya, Boppagorava, Devannayya, and Sovappayya-together with merchant guilds such as the Nakharas and Munnurvaru, as sarvamanya (tax-free) gifts during Jagadekamalla II's reign.

Jagadekamalla II was also a merited scholar. He authored the Sangita-chudamani, a work on music covering topics such as Alapana and Gamaka, qualities of singers and composers, voice culture, and auditorium design. He was the patron of the Jain scholar and grammarian Nagavarma II, author of Kannada works such as Kavya-avalokana and Karnataka-Bhasha-bhushana. The scholar and Jain Acharya Parsvadev author of Sangita Samayasara, followed Jagadekamalla's work on subjects like Ragas and Prabandhas. Sarangadeva's Sangita-ratnakara (early 13th century) also mentions Jagadekamalla (Jagadeka-mahipatih) with respect.[8][9][10]

Jagadekamalla's contemporary, Someshvara I, commenced compiling the Manasollasa while he was a prince and completed it around 1129 CE (1051 Saka). The Manasollasa is a monumental encyclopedic work covering subjects such as governance, military strategy, medicine, veterinary science, valuation of precious stones, fortifications, painting, arts, games, amusements, culinary art, dance, and music.[11][12][13]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ Desai, pp.169.
  2. ↑ Saletore 1938.
  3. ↑ Sen, Sailendra (2013). A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books. pp. 52–53. ISBN 978-9-38060-734-4.
  4. ↑ Saletore 1938.
  5. ↑ Upadhye, A.N., On the meaning of Yapaniya, Srikanthika, p.198.
  6. ↑ Desai, P.B., Jainism in South India (JISI), pp.167–168.
  7. ↑ Saletore 1938.
  8. ↑ Upadhye, A.N., On the meaning of Yapaniya, Srikanthika, p.198.
  9. ↑ Desai, P.B., Jainism in South India (JISI), pp.167–168.
  10. ↑ Saletore 1938.
  11. ↑ Upadhye, A.N., On the meaning of Yapaniya, Srikanthika, p.198.
  12. ↑ Desai, P.B., Jainism in South India (JISI), pp.167–168.
  13. ↑ Saletore 1938.
  • Dr. Suryanath U. Kamat (2001). Concise History of Karnataka, MCC, Bangalore (Reprinted 2002).

Sources[edit | edit source]

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