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-{{short description|Indian Telugu language film industry}}
+#REDIRECT [[Telugu cinema]]
-{{Distinguish|text=[[Cinema of West Bengal]] also called Tollywood}}
-{{Use Indian English|date=September 2013}}
-{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
-{{Infobox cinema market
-| name               = Telugu cinema
-| image              = File:Indiafilm.svg
-| image_size         =
-| alt                =
-| caption            =
-| screens            = 2809 screens in [[Andhra Pradesh]] and [[Telangana]] states of India<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.filmfed.org/singlescreen.html |title=Statewise Number of Single Screens |publisher=Film Federation of India |access-date=21 April 2014}}</ref>
-| screens_per_capita =
-| distributors       = {{br separated entries|[[Ushakiran Movies|Usha Kiran Movies]]|[[Suresh Productions]]|[[Vyjayanthi Movies]]|[[Annapurna Studios]]|[[Geetha Arts]]|[[Arka Media Works]]|[[Sri Venkateswara Creations]]|[[14 Reels Entertainment]]|[[Prasad Art Pictures]]|
-[[Mythri Movie Makers]]
-| produced_year         = 2015
-| produced_ref          = <ref name="deloitte1">{{Cite web |url=http://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/in/Documents/technology-media-telecommunications/in-tmt-economic-contribution-of-motion-picture-and-television-industry-noexp.pdf |title=The Digital March Media & Entertainment in South India |publisher=Deloitte |access-date=21 April 2014}}</ref>
-| produced_total        = 349
-| produced_fictional    =
-| produced_animated     =
-| produced_documentary  =
-| admissions_year       =
-| admissions_ref        =
-| admissions_total      =
-| admissions_per_capita =
-| admissions_national   =
-| box_office_year       = 2015
-| box_office_ref        = <ref name="deloitte1" />
-| box_office_total      = <!-- {{Format price| }} -->
-| box_office_national   = <!-- {{Format price| }} -->
-}}
-|produced_total=294|produced_ref=<ref name="filmfed">{{cite web |title=Indian Feature Films Certified During The Year 2017 |url=http://www.filmfed.org/IFF2017.html |website=[[Film Federation of India]] |date=31 March 2017 |access-date=25 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181124213649/http://filmfed.org/IFF2017.HTML |archive-date=24 November 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
-|box_office_total=
-|box_office_ref=
-|produced_year=2017}}
-{{Indian cinema}}
-'''Telugu cinema''', also known as '''Tollywood''', is the segment of [[Cinema of India|Indian cinema]] dedicated to the production of motion pictures in the [[Telugu language]], widely spoken in the states of [[Andhra Pradesh]] and [[Telangana]]. Telugu cinema is based in [[Film Nagar]], a neighbourhood of [[Hyderabad]], [[India]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/movies/telugu |title=Telugu Movies in Theatres |website=BookMyShow}}</ref> The nickname ''Tollywood'' is a [[portmanteau]] of the words Telugu and Hollywood.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kavoori |first1=Anandam P. |last2=Punathambekar |first2=Aswin |title=Global Bollywood |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Global_Bollywood/2CqERCzWn5gC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=tollywood+telugu+and+hollywood&pg=PA95&printsec=frontcover |work=95 |publisher=NYU Press |date=1 August 2008 |language=en}}</ref>
-Since 1909, filmmaker [[Raghupathi Venkaiah Naidu]] was involved in producing short films and travelling to different regions in [[Asia]] to promote film work. In 1921, he produced the silent film, ''Bhishma Pratigna''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sakshi.com/ |title=Telugu News - Sakshi |access-date=18 March 2018}}</ref> He is cited as the father of Telugu cinema.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/celeb/starow/sow-rvn.html |title=Telugu Cinema Celebrity – Raghupati Venkaiah Naidu |website=idlebrain.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2007/02/09/stories/2007020901390100.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070529031557/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2007/02/09/stories/2007020901390100.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2007-05-29 |work=[[The Hindu]] |title=Friday Review Hyderabad : ''Nijam cheppamantara, abaddham cheppamantara...'' }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://bharatjanani.com/paul-muni-of-india-chittoor-v-nagayya/ |title=Paul Muni of India – Chittoor V.Nagayya |date=6 May 2011 |publisher=Bharatjanani.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120326135647/http://bharatjanani.com/paul-muni-of-india-chittoor-v-nagayya/ |archive-date=26 March 2012 |access-date=21 September 2011 }}</ref>
-In 1933, [[East India Film Company]] has produced its first Indian film, ''[[Savitri (1933 film)|Savitri]]'' in Telugu. The film was based on a popular stage play by Mylavaram Bala Bharathi Samajam, directed by father of the "[[Telugu theatre]] Movement" [[C. Pullaiah|Chittajallu Pullaiah]] and cast stage actors [[Vemuri Gaggaiah]] and Dasari Ramathilakam as "Yama" and "Savithri" respectively.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/article871376.ece |title=SATI SAVITHRI (1933) |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=7 November 2010 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=8 July 2011 |location=Chennai, India}}</ref> The film was shot with a budget of estimated {{INRconvert|1|m}} in Calcutta.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/article871376.ece |title=SATI SAVITHRI (1933) |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=7 November 2010 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=8 July 2011}}</ref> It received an honorary diploma at the [[2nd Venice International Film Festival]].<ref name="SoManyCinemas">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXRZAAAAMAAJ&q=%22East+India+Film+Company%22+-inpublisher:icon |title=So many cinemas: the motion picture in India |last=Bhagwan Das Garg |publisher=Eminence Designs |year=1996 |isbn=81-900602-1-X |page=86}}</ref>
-''[[Pathala Bhairavi]]'' (1951) was the only [[South Indian film industry|South Indian film]] screened at the first [[India International Film Festival]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dff.nic.in/iffi.asp |title=::Directorate Of Film Festivals |website=dff.nic.in}}</ref><ref name="4thawardPDF">{{Cite web |url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/4th_Nff.pdf |title=4th National Film Awards |publisher=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]] |access-date=2 September 2011}}</ref> ''Pathala Bhairavi'' (1951), ''[[Malliswari (1951 film)|Malliswari]]'' (1951), ''[[Devadasu (1953 film)|Devadasu]]'' (1953), ''[[Mayabazar]]'' (1957), ''[[Nartanasala]]'' (1963), ''[[Maro Charitra]]'' (1978), ''[[Maa Bhoomi]]'' (1979), ''[[Sankarabharanam (1980 film)|Sankarabharanam]]'' (1980), ''[[Sagara Sangamam]]'' (1983), and ''[[Siva (1989 Telugu film)|Siva]]'' (1989), have been showcased among [[CNN-IBN]]'s ''100 Greatest Indian Films of All Time''.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/photogallery/13200.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130424003536/http://ibnlive.in.com/photogallery/13200.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-04-24 |title=100 Years of Indian Cinema: The 100 greatest Indian films of all time |work=ibnlive.in.com |publisher=IBNLive}}</ref>
-Parallel's such as [[B. Narsing Rao]]'s ethnographic film ''[[Maa Ooru]]'' won the 1992 Hungarian Visual Arts "Main Prize - Media Wave Award".<ref>{{Cite press release |title=Narsing Rao's films regale Delhi |date=21 December 2008 |publisher=webindia123.com |url=http://news.webindia123.com/news/articles/India/20081221/1134082.html |access-date=25 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2005/03/01/stories/2005030100530300.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050305213636/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2005/03/01/stories/2005030100530300.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-03-05 |website=[[The Hindu]] |title=Metro Plus Hyderabad / Travel : Unsung moments }}</ref> [[K. N. T. Sastry]]'s ''[[Thilaadanam]]'' received "New Currents Award" at the 7th [[Busan International Film Festival]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.biff.kr/Template/Builder/00000001/page.asp?page_num=4892 |title=Awards |website=Busan International Film Festival |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170620083906/http://biff.kr/Template/Builder/00000001/page.asp?page_num=4892 |archive-date=20 June 2017 |access-date=27 June 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite press release |title=How Kamli came alive onscreen |date=31 December 2004 |work=Rediff.com |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2006/nov/30sastry.htm |access-date=25 August 2012}}</ref> [[K. Viswanath]]'s ''[[Swati Mutyam]]'' was [[India's official entry to the Oscars|India's official entry]] to the [[59th Academy Awards]]. [[Rajnesh Domalpalli]]'s ''[[Vanaja (film)|Vanaja]]'' was nominated for the [[Independent Spirit Award for Best First Film|Best First Feature]] and [[Independent Spirit Award for Best Cinematography|Best Cinematography]] awards at the "[[23rd Independent Spirit Awards|23rd American Independent Spirit Awards]]".<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://theenvelope.latimes.com/awards/spirit/env-et-indiespirit22feb22,0,6107805.story |title='Juno' scores at Spirit Awards |date=22 February 2008 |website=The Envelope |access-date=22 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rogerebert.com/rogers-journal/the-years-ten-best-films-and-other-shenanigans |title=The year's ten best films and other shenanigans &#124; Roger Ebert's Journal |last=Ebert |first=Roger |publisher=Roger Ebert |access-date=26 August 2019}}</ref>
-[[S. S. Rajamouli]]'s epic film ''[[Baahubali: The Beginning]]'', was nominated for "[[Saturn Award for Best Fantasy Film|42nd American Saturn Award for Best Fantasy Film]]." ''[[Baahubali 2: The Conclusion|The second installment, The Conclusion]]'' is the only Indian film to receive the "Best International Film" at the "[[44th Saturn Awards|44th American Saturn Awards]]".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://variety.com/2018/film/news/saturn-awards-2018-black-panther-better-call-saul-twin-peaks-1202860077/ |title='Black Panther' Leads Saturn Awards; 'Better Call Saul,' 'Twin Peaks' Top TV Trophies – Variety |last=Dave McNary |date=27 June 2018 |publisher=Variety.com |access-date=9 January 2019}}</ref> Produced by Tollywood studio [[Arka Media Works]], it is the [[List of highest-grossing Indian films|2nd highest grossing Indian film of all time]] within India.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/is-baahubali-2-a-hindu-film-bahubali-2-religion-rajamouli-3416228.html |title=Is Baahubali 2 a Hindu film? Dissecting religion, folklore, mythology in Rajamouli's epic saga}}</ref>
-==History==
-{{Main|History of Telugu cinema}}
-===Early development===
-[[File:Bhakta Prahlada 1931.jpg|thumb|right|120px|Promotional poster of ''[[Bhakta Prahlada (1932 film)|Bhakta Prahlada]]'' the first full-length Telugu talkie produced and directed by [[H. M. Reddy]] to have a theatrical release.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/article2442172.ece |title=Eighty glorious years of Telugu talkie |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=10 September 2011 |work=The Hindu |location=Chennai, India}}</ref>]]
-The [[Telugu language|Telugu]] film industry was originated with silent films in 1912, with the production and release of ''Anusha Adusumalli'' in 1921
-<ref>Encyclopaedia of early cinema, by Richard Abel, pp. 677, Bhishma Pratigya, 1921 film</ref> The film was directed by [[Raghupathi Venkaiah Naidu]] and his son R. S. Prakash.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.kiwibox.com/murkyquant576/blog/entry/120736401/telugu-cinema-biography/ |title=Telugu Cinema Biography |date=3 May 1913 |publisher=kiwibox.com |access-date=28 November 2014}}</ref> On the other hand, [[Yaragudipati Varada Rao|Y. V. Rao]] and, R. S. Prakash have established a long-lasting precedence of focusing exclusively on religious themes; ''Nandanar'', ''Gajendra Moksham'', and ''Matsyavatar'', three of their most noted productions, centred on religious figures, parables, and morals.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cinegoer.com/telugucinema8.htm |title=CineGoer.com – Articles – History Of Birth And Growth Of Telugu Cinema |website=cinegoer.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070410122843/http://www.cinegoer.com/telugucinema8.htm |archive-date=10 April 2007 }}</ref> The first [[film studio]] in South India, Durga Cinetone, was built in 1936 by Nidamarthi Surayya in [[Rajahmundry]], Andhra Pradesh.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2005/05/06/stories/2005050601300300.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050506025001/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2005/05/06/stories/2005050601300300.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=6 May 2005 |title=The Hindu News |date=6 May 2005 |work=[[The Hindu]] |location=Chennai, India}}</ref> In 1935, ''Andhra Cine Tone'' was built in [[Visakhapatnam]] by ''Gottumukkala Jagannadha Raju''. He introduced digital theater sound with the 1935 film ''Jagadamba''.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/picture-perfect/article3667939.ece |title=Picture perfect! |date=22 July 2012 |work=The Hindu |location=Chennai, India}}</ref>
-===Rise of the "talkie"===
-The first Telugu film with audible dialogue, ''[[Bhakta Prahlada (1932 film)|Bhakta Prahlada]]'', was produced by [[H.M. Reddy]], who directed the first bilingual ([[Telugu language|Telugu]] and [[Tamil language|Tamil]]) talkie [[Kalidas (film)|Kalidas]] (1931). Bhakta Prahlada was completed on 15 September 1931,<ref name="BPN">{{Cite web |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/bhaktha-prahladha-first-telugu-talkie-completes-81-years/371363-71-216.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131218093804/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/bhaktha-prahladha-first-telugu-talkie-completes-81-years/371363-71-216.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 December 2013 |title='Bhaktha Prahladha': First Telugu talkie completes 81 years |date=7 February 2013 |website=[[CNN-IBN]] |access-date=26 March 2014}}</ref> which henceforth became known as "Telugu Film Day" to commemorate its completion.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/article2443500.ece |title=Today's Paper / NATIONAL : Telugu Cinema Day on September 15 |last=Special Correspondent |date=11 September 2011 |work=The Hindu |access-date=25 August 2012 |location=Chennai, India}}</ref><ref name="WAKE">{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/wake-up-industry/article3875804.ece |title=Wake up, industry |last=Narasimham |first=M.L. |date=9 September 2012 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=26 March 2014 |location=Chennai, India}}</ref> Popularly known as [[talkies]], films with sound quickly grew in number and popularity. In 1934, the industry saw its first major commercial success with ''[[Lavakusa]]''. Directed by [[C. Pullaiah]] and starring Parupalli Subbarao and [[Sriranjani (actress)|Sriranjani]], the film attracted unprecedented numbers of viewers to theatres and thrust the young industry into mainstream culture.<ref name="autogenerated2">{{Cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2007/01/19/stories/2007011901020100.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070501115359/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2007/01/19/stories/2007011901020100.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 May 2007 |title=Reliving the reel and the real |date=19 January 2007 |work=[[The Hindu]] |location=Chennai, India}}</ref> By 1936, the mass appeal of film allowed directors to move away from religious and mythological themes.<ref name=autogenerated2 /> That year, under the direction of Krithiventi Nageswara Rao, ''Prema Vijayam'', a film focusing on social issues, was released. Its success prompted the production of dozens of other immensely successful 'social films', notably 1939's ''[[Vandemataram]]'', touching on societal problems like the practice of giving [[dowry]], Telugu films increasingly focused on contemporary living: 29 of the 96 films released between 1937 and 1947 had social themes.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cinegoer.com/telugucinema5.htm |title=Articles – History of Birth And Growth of Telugu Cinema |publisher=CineGoer.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120218150028/http://www.cinegoer.com/telugucinema5.htm |archive-date=18 February 2012 |access-date=19 February 2012 }}</ref>
-===Cinema during the Crown Rule===
-[[File:YVRao.jpg|thumb|right|120px|[[Yaragudipati Varada Rao]], Pioneer of Telugu cinema in British India.<ref name="filmmaker">{{cite web|last1=Guy|first1=Randor|title=A revolutionary filmmaker| url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2003/08/22/stories/2003082201400400.htm |access-date=19 November 2016|date=22 August 2003|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20161119045811/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2003/08/22/stories/2003082201400400.htm|website=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=19 November 2016}}</ref>]]
-In 1938, [[Gudavalli Ramabrahmam]], has co-produced and directed the [[social problem film]], ''[[Mala Pilla]]'' starring, [[Kanchanamala]], the film dealt with the crusade against untouchability, prevailing in pre-independent India.<ref>Naati 101 Chitralu, S. V. Rama Rao, Kinnera Publications, Hyderabad, 2006, pp.14.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cinegoer.com/malapilla.htm |title=Nostalgia Mala Pilla (1938) at Cinegoer.com |website=cinegoer.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120926224130/http://www.cinegoer.com/malapilla.htm |archive-date=26 September 2012 }}</ref> In 1939, he directed ''[[Raithu Bidda (1939 film)|Raithu Bidda]]'', starring thespian [[Bellary Raghava]]. The film was banned by the British administration in the region, for depicting the uprise of the peasantry among the [[Zamindar]]'s during the [[British raj]].<!-- <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://postnoon.com/2012/05/21/how-free-is-freedom-of-speech/49700 |title=How free is freedom of speech? |last=Kumar |first=Hemanth |date=21 May 2012 |website=postnoon}}</ref> Link goes to random ads, antivirus flagged (malware?) --><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://indiancinema100.in/swadeshi/ |title=Celebrating 100 Years of Indian Cinema: www.indiancinema100.in |website=indiancinema100.in |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921054328/https://indiancinema100.in/swadeshi/ |archive-date=21 September 2013 }}</ref> <!-- Commented out: [[File:Bhanumathi Ramakrishna.jpg|thumb|160px|[[Bhanumathi Ramakrishna]]]] -->
-film, ''[[Viswa Mohini]]'', is the first Indian film, depicting the Indian movie world. The film was directed by Y. V. Rao and scripted by [[Balijepalli Lakshmikanta Kavi]], starring super-star [[V. Nagaiah]]. Rao subsequently made the sequel films ''Savithri'' and ''Sathyabhama'' (1941–42) casting thespian [[Sthanam Narasimha Rao]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2003/08/22/stories/2003082201400400.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040117021114/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2003/08/22/stories/2003082201400400.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=17 January 2004 |title=A revolutionary filmmaker |date=22 August 2003 |work=[[The Hindu]] |location=Chennai, India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indiancine.ma/DQQ|title=Y. V. Rao Fimograph|website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref>
-The outbreak of [[World War II]] and the subsequent resource scarcity caused the [[British Raj]] to impose a limit on the use of filmstrip in 1943 to 11,000 feet,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cinegoer.com/telugucinema7.htm |title=Articles – History of Birth And Growth of Telugu Cinema |date=17 July 1943 |publisher=CineGoer.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227192441/http://www.cinegoer.com/telugucinema7.htm |archive-date=27 February 2012 |access-date=19 February 2012 }}</ref> a sharp reduction from the 20,000 feet that had been common till then.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cinegoer.com/telugucinema10.htm |title=Articles – History of Birth And Growth of Telugu Cinema |publisher=CineGoer.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120218145901/http://www.cinegoer.com/telugucinema10.htm |archive-date=18 February 2012 |access-date=19 February 2012 }}</ref> As a result, the number of films produced during the war was substantially lower than in previous years. Nonetheless, before the ban, an important shift occurred in the industry: Independent studios formed, actors and actresses were signed to contracts limiting whom they could work for, and films moved from social themes to folklore legends.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cinegoer.com/telugucinema6.htm |title=Articles – History of Birth And Growth of Telugu Cinema |publisher=CineGoer.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120218130208/http://www.cinegoer.com/telugucinema6.htm |archive-date=18 February 2012 |access-date=19 February 2012 }}</ref> [[Ghantasala Balaramayya]], has directed the mythological ''Seetarama Jananam'' under his home production, Prathiba Picture, marking veteran [[Akkineni Nageswara Rao]]'s Telugu screen debut in 1944.
-===Classical cinema and Golden Age===
-[[File:Bhanumathi_Ramakrishna_2013_stamp_of_India.jpg|thumb|120px|Actress [[Bhanumathi Ramakrishna]] on a 2013 Indian stamp]]
-[[File:A.Nageswara Rao.jpg|thumb|120px|right|Thespian [[Akkineni Nageswara Rao]] founded [[Annapurna Studios]] in 1970]]
-[[Malliswari (1951 film)|''Malliswari'']] is the first Telugu film which had a public release with thirteen prints along with Chinese subtitles at Beijing on 14, March 1953, and a [[16 mm film]] print was also screened in the United States.<ref name="autogenerated3">[[Eenadu]] Daily, Eenadu Sunday – 28 April 2013, 100 years of Indian Cinema, Early Tollywood, Page 9</ref><ref name="autogenerated4">{{Cite web |url=http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm9IIFAAward.aspx?PdfName=9IIFA.pdf |title=Directorate of Film Festival |website=iffi.nic.in}}</ref> The film was directed by [[B. N. Reddy]], a recipient of the [[Dada Saheb Phalke Award]], and the [[Doctor of Letters]] honour.<ref name=autogenerated4 />
-The industry is one of the largest producers of [[folklore]], [[fantasy film|fantasy]], [[mythological]] and [[melodrama]] films.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2006/04/21/stories/2006042101660100.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060514061059/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2006/04/21/stories/2006042101660100.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=14 May 2006 |title='Maya Bazaar' forever! |date=21 April 2006 |work=[[The Hindu]] |location=Chennai, India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-05-10/news-interviews/29525563_1_magadheera-period-film-producers |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120412081649/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-05-10/news-interviews/29525563_1_magadheera-period-film-producers |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 April 2012 |work=[[The Times of India]] |title=Mythological characters, a hit in T-town |date=10 May 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://m.timesofindia.com/PDATOI/articleshow/7127966.cms |title=I feel blessed to play Sita: Nayanthara |date=20 December 2010 |publisher=The Times of India on Mobile |access-date=19 February 2012}}</ref> Filmmakers like [[K. V. Reddy]], [[B. Vittalacharya]] and [[Kodi Ramakrishna]] have pioneered this genre.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-06-22/news-interviews/27764059_1_jaganmohini-namitha-rural-areas |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120516155718/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-06-22/news-interviews/27764059_1_jaganmohini-namitha-rural-areas |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 May 2012 |work=[[The Times of India]] |title=A new Jaganmohini |date=22 June 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/04/14/stories/2006041409190200.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060514024728/http://www.hindu.com/2006/04/14/stories/2006041409190200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=14 May 2006 |title=Ace lensman recalls magic moments |date=14 April 2006 |work=[[The Hindu]] |location=Chennai, India}}</ref> 1956 film [[Tenali Ramakrishna (film)|Tenali Ramakrishna]] has garnered the [[Discontinued and Intermittent National Film Awards#All India Certificate of Merit|All India Certificate of Merit for Best Feature Film]]. In 2013, [[IBN Live]]'s poll cited [[Mayabazar]] as the Greatest [[Indian film]] of all time.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/mayabazar-is-indias-greatest-film-ever-ibnlive-poll-608772.html |title='Mayabazar' is India's greatest film ever: IBNLive poll |date=12 May 2013 |work=News18 |access-date=28 August 2019}}</ref>
-[[Relangi (actor)|Relangi]], and [[Ramana Reddy]] were a comedy [[double act]] during this era.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/starring-akkineni-nageswara-rao-sriranjani-sv-rangarao-rajasulochana-mudigonda-lingamurthy-csr-anjaneyulu-kvs-sarma-relangi-p-suribabu-rajasulochana-vasanthi/article8107169.ece |title=Blast from the Past: Mahakavi Kalidasu (1960) |last=M L Narasimham |website=The Hindu}}</ref> ''[[Nartanasala]]'' won the best art direction award at the Afro Asian film festival in [[Jakarta]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm6IIFAAward.aspx?PdfName=6IIFA.pdf |title=Directorate of Film Festival |publisher=Iffi.nic.in |access-date=25 August 2012 |archive-date=2 May 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170502124953/http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm6IIFAAward.aspx?PdfName=6IIFA.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> ''[[Donga Ramudu (1955 film)|Donga Ramudu]]'' directed by [[K. V. Reddy]] was archived in the curriculum of the [[Film and Television Institute of India]].<ref name="autogenerated6">[[Eenadu]] Daily, Eenadu cinema – 17 July 2013, National art theater, Page 10</ref> ''[[Nammina Bantu]]'' received critical reception at the [[San Sebastián International Film Festival]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/master-movie-maker/article5408372.ece |title=Master movie maker |last=Guy |first=Randor|website=[[The Hindu]] }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/profile-gummadi.html |title=Profile of Gummadi&nbsp;— Telugu film actor}}</ref> 1967 film ''[[Ummadi Kutumbam]]'' was selected by [[Film Federation of India]] as one of its entries to the [[Moscow Film Festival]].<ref name=autogenerated6/><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/telugu/article/27325.html |title=Director Yoganand is no more – Telugu Movie News<!-- Bot generated title --> |work=indiaglitz.com}}</ref> The 1968 cult classic [[Sudigundalu]] was screened at the Tashkent and Moscow Film Festivals.<ref name="filmfare">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q5UqAAAAYAAJ |title=Collections |publisher=Update Video Publication |year=1991 |page=387}}</ref>
-==Rise of Tollywood==
-{{Infobox company
-|name             =
-|image            = Ramojifilmcity hyderabad.jpg
-|image_caption    = [[Mughal Gardens]] replica in [[Ramoji Film City]], a [[movie studio]] in [[Hyderabad]]<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9k8yUozcP80 |title=Ramoji Film City on BBC |date=9 May 2013 |via=YouTube}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PzHlTCLkias |title=Ramoji Film City on Discovery Travel & Living |date=9 May 2013 |via=YouTube}}</ref>
-|foundation       = 1921<br />[[Madras Presidency]]
-|location_city    = [[Chennai]] (1921 - 1996)
-[[Hyderabad]] (1996 - present)
-|location_country =
-|locations        =
-|key_people       =
-|area_served      =
-|industry         = Motion pictures
-|products         =
-|services         =
-|revenue          =
-|operating_income =
-|net_income       =
-|num_employees    =
-|parent           =
-|owner            =
-|divisions        =
-|subsid           =
-|slogan           =
-|homepage         = {{URL|www.apfilmchamber.com|Filchamber.com}}<br>          {{URL|www.telugufilmproducerscouncil.com|Producerscouncil.com}}
-|dissolved        =
-|footnotes        =
-}}
-[[File:emaar.jpg|right|120px|thumb|[[HITEC City|Hyderabad International Convention Center]] has been the Hyderabad home for [[Filmfare Awards South]] since 2007.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-07-22/hyderabad/28188343_1_playback-singer-films-prakash-raj |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110913102236/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-07-22/hyderabad/28188343_1_playback-singer-films-prakash-raj |url-status=dead |archive-date=13 September 2011 |title=56th Filmfare Awards South |date=8 December 2011 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=22 October 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-06-11/hyderabad/29646891_1_filmfare-awards-tarun-rai-filmfare-trophy |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120709133922/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-06-11/hyderabad/29646891_1_filmfare-awards-tarun-rai-filmfare-trophy |url-status=dead |archive-date=9 July 2012 |work=[[The Times of India]] |title=Idea Filmfare awards ceremony on July 2 |date=11 June 2011 }}</ref>]]
-[[Moola Narayana Swamy]] and [[Bommireddy Nagi Reddy|B. N. Reddy]] founded [[Vijaya Vauhini Studios]] in 1948 in the city of [[Chennai]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/arts/history-and-culture/article60965.ece |title=Arts / History & Culture : Madras Miscellany – 'The First Family' gets together |last=S. Muthiah |date=6 December 2009 |work=The Hindu |access-date=19 February 2012 |location=Chennai, India}}</ref> [[Indian film]] doyen [[L. V. Prasad]], who started his film career with ''[[Bhakta Prahlada (1931 film)|Bhakta Prahlada]]'', founded [[Prasad Studios]] in 1956 based in Chennai.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2003/04/18/stories/2003041801020500.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103072501/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2003/04/18/stories/2003041801020500.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 November 2013 |title=Stage set for technical excellence |date=18 April 2003 |access-date=19 February 2012 |work=[[The Hindu]] |location=Chennai, India}}</ref> However, through the efforts of [[D. V. S. Raju]], the Telugu film industry completely shifted its base from [[Chennai]] to [[Hyderabad]] in the early 1990s, during [[N. T. Rama Rao]]'s political reign.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article884479.ece |title=Film producer D.V.S. Raju passes away |date=14 November 2010 |work=The Hindu |location=Chennai, India}}</ref>
-Veteran actor [[Akkineni Nageswara Rao]] relocated to Hyderabad and has developed [[Annapurna Studios]]. The Telugu film industry is one of the three largest film producers in India. About 245 Telugu films were produced in 2006, the highest in India for that year. Film studios in Hyderabad, developed by [[D. Ramanaidu]] and [[Ramoji Rao]], are involved in prolific film production and employment.<ref name="Blonnet.com" />
-There is a fair amount of dispersion among the Indian film industries. Many successful Telugu films have been largely remade by the [[Cinema of West Bengal|Bengali cinema]] and Hindi film industries.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=July 2014 |title=Role reversal of Bengali cinema |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/article1340964.ece |publisher=New Indian express}}</ref>
-The digital cinema network company [[UFO Moviez]] marketed by Southern Digital Screenz (SDS) has [[Digitizing|digitized]] several cinemas in the region.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://businessofcinema.com/bollywood-news/ufo-moviez-to-digitize-1000-theatres-in-andhra-pradesh/28910 |title=UFO Moviez to digitize 1000 theatres in Telangana & Andhra Pradesh |publisher=businessofcinema.com |access-date=28 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.slashfilm.com/2007/12/06/100-new-imax-screens |title=100 New IMAX Screens &#124; Film |date=6 December 2007 |publisher=Slashfilm.com |access-date=21 September 2011}}</ref>
-The Film and Television Institute of Telangana, Film and Television Institute of Andhra Pradesh, Ramanaidu Film School and [[Annapurna International School of Film and Media]] are some of the largest film schools in India.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/annapurna-studios-film-media-school-to-offer-course-on-iphone-ipad-apps-111070200073_1.html |title=Annapurna Studios' film, media school to offer course on iPhone, iPad apps |date=6 April 2012 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=2 March 2013 |location=Hyderabad, India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/07/21/stories/2004072100070302.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040917154445/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/07/21/stories/2004072100070302.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=17 September 2004 |title=FTIA |date=6 April 2012 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=6 April 2012 |location=Hyderabad, India}}</ref> The Telugu states consist of approximately 2800 theaters, the largest number of cinema halls of any state in India.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-08-09/news/41240683_1_telangana-rashtra-samithi-seemandhra-chiranjeevi |title=Economic times indiatimes.com |date=9 August 2013 |work=The Times Of India |access-date=15 April 2014}}</ref>
-The industry holds the [[Guinness World Record]] for the largest film production facility in the world, Ramoji Film City.<ref name="ramoji">{{Cite web |url=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/records-1/largest-film-studio |title=Official Site of Guinnessworldrecords.com Largest Film studio in the world |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140119000128/http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/records-1/largest-film-studio |archive-date=19 January 2014 }}</ref> The ''Prasads IMAX'' located in Hyderabad is one of the largest 3D IMAX screens, and the most attended cinema screen in the world.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://travel.cnn.com/explorations/escape/worlds-10-coolest-movie-theaters-355218 |title=CNN Travel |publisher=CNN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-downtown/article2332172.ece? |title=Thehindu.com King of Good times Prasad's Imax |date=7 August 2011 |publisher=The Hindu Newspaper |location=Chennai, India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://gizmodo.com/5273201/the-seven-imax-wonders-of-the-world |title=The Seven IMAX Wonders of the World |last=Dan Nosowitz |date=30 May 2009 |publisher=Gizmodo.com |access-date=10 February 2013}}</ref> As per the [[Central Board of Film Certification|CBFC]] report of 2014, the industry is placed first in India, in terms of films produced yearly.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Annual report 2011 |url=http://cbfcindia.gov.in/CbfcWeb/fckeditor/editor/images/Uploadedfiles/file/Publications/ANNUAL_2011.pdf |url-status=dead |publisher=[[Central Board of Film Certification]], [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)|Ministry of Information and Broadcasting]], GOVERNMENT OF INDIA.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130124081428/http://cbfcindia.gov.in/CbfcWeb/fckeditor/editor/images/Uploadedfiles/file/Publications/ANNUAL_2011.pdf |archive-date=24 January 2013 }}</ref> The industry holds a [[memorandum of understanding]] with the [[Motion Picture Association of America]] to combat video piracy.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Reliance Media works digital postproduction facility, Hyderabad |url=http://www.reliancemediaworks.com/Press21.html?TB_iframe=true&height=500&width=545 |url-status=dead |publisher=Reliance Media |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510163423/http://reliancemediaworks.com/Press21.html?TB_iframe=true&height=500&width=545 |archive-date=10 May 2012 |access-date=1 March 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |title=UTV distribution market |url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/hindi/article/33369.html |publisher=India Glitz |access-date=1 March 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |title=Mou with MPAA |url=http://www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/article3205612.ece |publisher=[[The Hindu]] Cinema |access-date=1 March 2012}}</ref> In the years 2005, 2006, 2008, and 2014 the industry has produced the largest number of films in India, exceeding the number of films produced in [[Bollywood]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-10-02/hyderabad/28254733_1_film-industry-telugu-tollywood-and-bollywood |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121029033400/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-10-02/hyderabad/28254733_1_film-industry-telugu-tollywood-and-bollywood |url-status=dead |archive-date=29 October 2012 |work=[[The Times of India]] |title=Tollywood loses to Bollywood on numbers |date=2 October 2010 }}</ref><ref name="Blonnet.com">{{Cite web |url=http://www.blonnet.com/2007/11/06/stories/2007110650842300.htm |title=Telugu film industry enters new era |date=6 November 2007 |publisher=Blonnet.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090811085956/http://www.blonnet.com/2007/11/06/stories/2007110650842300.htm |archive-date=11 August 2009 |access-date=12 November 2010}}</ref>
-[[File:S. S. Rajamouli at the trailer launch of Baahubali.jpg|thumb|120px|[[S. S. Rajamouli]]]]
-Known for being commercially consistent,<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com">{{Cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/news-interviews/B-town-grabs-Dookudu/articleshow/10219876.cms |title=B-town grabs Dookudu – ''The Times of India'' |work=The Times of India}}</ref> Telugu cinema had its influence over commercial cinema in India.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/tamil-telugu-film-industries-outshine-bollywood/238821/ |title=Tamil, Telugu film industries outshine Bollywood |date=25 January 2006 |newspaper=Business Standard India |access-date=19 February 2012}}</ref> Telugu film production accounts for one percent of the gross domestic product of the region.<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com" /><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/article2458703.ece |title=Telugu film industry turns 81 |date=16 September 2011 |work=The Hindu |location=Chennai, India}}</ref>
-<ref name="autogenerated1">{{Cite web |url=http://osdir.com/ml/culture.region.india.zestmedia/2007-01/msg00117.html |title=Telugu film industry, Ind: msg#00117 |date=31 January 2007 |publisher=Osdir.com |access-date=19 February 2012 |archive-date=25 December 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081225175017/http://osdir.com/ml/culture.region.india.zestmedia/2007-01/msg00117.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The 1992 film ''[[Gharana Mogudu]]'', directed by [[K. Raghavendra Rao]], is the first Telugu film to gross over {{INR}} 10 crore at the box office.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-08-17/did-you-know-/33248018_1_film-box-office-caption |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518083938/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-08-17/did-you-know-/33248018_1_film-box-office-caption |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 May 2013 |website=[[The Times of India]] |title=First Telugu film to gross 100 million |date=17 August 2012 }}</ref>
-==Spread to World markets==
-{{See also|List of highest-grossing Telugu films}}
-''[[Athadu]]'' was released with 6 prints in [[United States]] and was distributed by Vishnu Mudda and Soma Kancherla of Crown DVD distribution company in [[San Jose, California|San Jose]], [[Dallas]], [[Detroit]], [[Virginia]], [[New Jersey]], [[Atlanta]], [[Chicago]], [[Los Angeles]], [[Boston]], [[Minneapolis]], [[Phoenix, Arizona|Phoenix at Arizona]] and also in centers like [[Lowell, Massachusetts|Lowell at Massachusetts]], [[Massachusetts|MA]], [[Tulsa, Oklahoma|Tulsa at Oklahoma]], [[West Virginia]], [[Springfield, Illinois|Springfield]], [[Boulder, Colorado|Boulder at Colorado]] and [[Corpus Christi, Texas|Corpus Christi at South Texas]]. Because of the demand, another print was imported from India for screening.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/us/schedu/athadu.html |title=Athadu in USA |date=6 January 2006 |publisher=idlebrain.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150413044109/http://www.idlebrain.com/us/schedu/athadu.html |archive-date=13 April 2015 |access-date=6 July 2014 }}</ref><ref name="ib.com cycle">{{Cite web |url=http://idlebrain.com/trade/tsynop/athadu.html |title=Cycle Stand – Telugu Cinema Trade Story : Mahesh Babu's ATHADU sensation in USA |date=16 September 2005 |publisher=idlebrain.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150415225659/http://www.idlebrain.com/trade/tsynop/athadu.html |archive-date=15 April 2015 |access-date=6 July 2014 }}</ref> The film's first screening in USA happened at Cine Plaza 13 at [[North Bergen]] on the night of 11 August 2005.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/athadu-exp-newjersey.html |title=The experience of watching Athadu in New Jersey |date=12 August 2005 |publisher=idlebrain.com |access-date=6 July 2014}}</ref> At [[Connecticut]], a special screening was conducted on 19 August 2005. Initially one show was planned but because of the demand another show was screened. There at the theater, a turn out of 442 people was observed which included standing audience for 434 seats and about 60 could not be accommodated.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/athadu-exp-ct.html |title=The experience of watching Athadu in CT |date=22 August 2005 |publisher=idlebrain.com |access-date=6 July 2014}}</ref> Apart from USA, the film released in selected screens in United Kingdom, [[Singapore]], Germany and Australia.<ref name="ib.com cycle" />
-''[[Bommarillu]]'' was released worldwide with 72 prints. Owing to its success, the number of reels grew to about hundred.<ref name="ID_Trade">{{Cite web |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/trade/records/bommarillu.html |title=Trade Story: Bommarillu rocks |website=Idlebrain.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071227103112/http://www.idlebrain.com/trade/records/bommarillu.html |archive-date=27 December 2007 |access-date=16 October 2007 }}</ref> It collected a distributors share of {{INR}}5 crore in its opening week in India.<ref name="ID_Trade" /> Released in six major metros in the United States, the film collected $73,200 (then approximately {{INR}}0.3 crore) within the first four days of screening.<ref name="ID_Trade" /> A 2006 survey conducted by a popular entertainment portal in the United States revealed that the film was watched by an Indian [[expatriate]] population of 65,000, which generated a revenue of {{INR}}3 crore at that time.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/trade/records/bommarillu.html |title=Trade Story: Bommarillu rocks |publisher=Idlebrain.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071227103112/http://www.idlebrain.com/trade/records/bommarillu.html |archive-date=27 December 2007 |access-date=16 October 2007 }}</ref> A cumulative gross revenue for the film was reported to be as {{INR}}25 crore including {{INR}}3.5 crore from overseas, the largest for any Telugu film at that time. Owing to this path breaking trade, the film was remade into [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]], [[Cinema of West Bengal|Bengali]], [[Oriya language|Oriya]] and Urdu/[[Hindi]].<ref name="Hindu_Trade">{{Cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2006/12/29/stories/2006122901630100.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070103213349/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2006/12/29/stories/2006122901630100.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 January 2007 |title=A few hits and many flops |last=Narasimhan |first=M. L. |date=29 December 2006 |access-date=17 October 2007 |work=[[The Hindu]] |location=Chennai, India}}</ref> 2006 [[action film]], ''[[Pokiri (2006 film)|Pokiri]]'' has been remade in Hindi, Tamil and Kannada in the following two years owing to the film's commercial success. It was screened at the [[International Indian Film Academy|IIFA]] film festival held in Dubai in 2006.
-<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.iifa.com/web07/showcase/2006-filmfestival.htm |title=Showcase: IIFA 2006 – Dubai &#124; Film Festival |publisher=IIFA |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927215524/http://www.iifa.com/web07/showcase/2006-filmfestival.htm |archive-date=27 September 2011 |access-date=19 February 2012 }}</ref> [[Walt Disney Pictures]] co-produced ''[[Anaganaga O Dheerudu]]'', making it the first South Indian production by Disney.<ref name="banners">{{Cite web |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2010/04/22/stories/2010042251060500.htm |title=Disney fantasy film in Telugu, Tamil |year=2010 |website=[[The Hindu]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100428053950/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2010/04/22/stories/2010042251060500.htm |archive-date=28 April 2010 |access-date=21 April 2010 }}</ref><ref name="disneyfilm">{{Cite news |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-03-17/news-interviews/28114703_1_walt-disney-characters-film |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321010831/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-03-17/news-interviews/28114703_1_walt-disney-characters-film |url-status=dead |archive-date=21 March 2012 |title=Walt Disney picks Shruti, Siddharth! |date=17 March 2010 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=17 March 2010}}</ref> ''[[Dookudu]]'' was released among seventy nine screens in the United States, the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' quoted it as ''The biggest hit you've never heard of.''<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/movies/2011/09/dookudu-daring-dashing-showtimes-reviews-prince-mahesh-samantha.html |title='Dookudu,' the biggest hit you've never heard of |date=27 September 2011 |access-date=27 September 2011 |work=Los Angeles Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/news-interviews/Winning-combo/articleshow/10277523.cms |title=Winning combo |access-date=13 October 2011 |publisher=[[Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/article349143.ece |title='Oosaravelli' takes competition to the US |access-date=10 December 2011 |publisher=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref> In the rest of north, east and west India, it opened up in 21 cities.<ref name="TOI1">{{Cite news |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-11-20/news-interviews/30419726_1_telugu-film-bollywood-films-mahesh-babu-starrer |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130328043216/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-11-20/news-interviews/30419726_1_telugu-film-bollywood-films-mahesh-babu-starrer |url-status=dead |archive-date=28 March 2013 |title=Dookudu touches the one billion mark |date=20 November 2011 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=29 December 2011 }}</ref> The film set a box office record by collecting a gross of more than {{INR}}1 billion at the time.<ref name="BO TOI">{{Cite news |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-11-20/news-interviews/30419726_1_telugu-film-bollywood-films-mahesh-babu-starrer |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130328043216/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-11-20/news-interviews/30419726_1_telugu-film-bollywood-films-mahesh-babu-starrer |url-status=dead |archive-date=28 March 2013 |title=Dookudu touches the one billion mark |last=Karthik Paspulatte, TNN |date=20 November 2011 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=21 November 2011 }}</ref><ref name="autogenerated5">{{Cite news |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-09-13/news/33817001_1_pvp-ventures-deccan-chargers-financial-chronicle |title=DCHL bankruptcy threat: PVP Ventures in fray to buy IPL team Deccan Chargers |date=13 September 2012 |work=[[The Economic Times]] |access-date=13 September 2012}}</ref>
-==Post-classical cinema==
-[[File:Kasinathuni Viswanath.jpg|thumb|120px|[[K. Viswanath]]]]
-[[Bapu (director)|Bapu]]'s directorial venture ''[[Sakshi (1967 film)|Sakshi]]'' was showcased at Tashkent International film festival in 1968.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110623192302/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2011/03/05/stories/2011030552160400.htm Metro Plus Visakhapatnam / Cinema : Mullapudi leaves behind enduring legacy]. The Hindu (5 March 2011). Retrieved on 25 January 2013.</ref> In 1976, he directed ''[[Sita Kalyanam (1976 film)|Sita Kalyanam]]'' got critical acclaim at the [[BFI London Film Festival]] and [[Chicago International Film Festival]], and is part of the curriculum at [[British Film Institute]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/art/portrait-of-an-artist/article4439546.ece |title=The Hindu article on Bapu |newspaper=The Hindu|date=21 February 2013 |last1=Shivpprasadh |first1=S. }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/article2621449.ece |title=Arts / Cinema : Preview: Epic comes full circle |last=m.l. narasimham |date=12 November 2011 |work=The Hindu |access-date=24 August 2012 |location=Chennai, India}}</ref> Pan-Indian film ''[[Oka Oori Katha]]'' (1977) won special awards at [[Karlovy Vary International Film Festival]] and [[Carthage Film Festival]].<ref>[http://mrinalsen.org/oka_oori_katha.htm Oka Oori Katha (The Outsiders)]. Mrinal Sen. Retrieved 17 September 2011.</ref>
-''[[Sankarabharanam (1980 film)|Sankarabharanam]]'' won the Prize of the Public at the [[Besançon]] Film Festival of France in the year 1981.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dff.nic.in/images/Documents/88_29thNfacatalogue.pdf|title=K. Viswanath Film craft Page 6 DFF|access-date=1 January 2013}}</ref> [[B. Narsing Rao]] scripted and produced ''[[Maa Bhoomi]]'' which was showcased at [[Karlovy Vary Film Festival]], and [[Cork Film Festival]]s. He directed, ''[[Daasi (1988 film)|Daasi]]'' "(Bonded Woman)" and ''[[Matti Manushulu]]'' "(Mud People)" which won the Diploma of Merit awards at the [[16th Moscow International Film Festival|16th]], and [[17th Moscow International Film Festival]]s in 1989 and 1991 respectively.<ref name="ibnlive1">{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/photogallery/13200.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130424003536/http://ibnlive.in.com/photogallery/13200.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2013-04-24|title=100 Years of Indian Cinema: The 100 greatest Indian films of all time|work=IBNLive}}</ref> [[M. V. Raghu]]'s [[Neorealism (art)|Neo-realistic]] film ''[[Kallu (film)|Kallu]]'' (1988), scripted by [[Gollapudi Maruti Rao]] has received thirty state awards and has garnered special mention from the [[Central Board of Film Certification|CBFC]] Jury.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/06/09/stories/2003060900910400.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031023141936/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/06/09/stories/2003060900910400.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=23 October 2003 |title=The saga of a lensman |date=9 June 2003 |work=[[The Hindu]] |location=Chennai, India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/gollapudi-maruti-rao-raghu-mv-in-city-today/article22321151.ece|title=Gollapudi Maruti Rao, Raghu M.V. in city today|newspaper=The Hindu|date=29 December 2017|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>
-''[[Vanaja (film)|Vanaja]]'' (2006). won several international awards including the first prize in the live-action feature film category at the [[Chicago International Children's Film Festival]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://cicff2007.org/content/youth-jury-media-bridge/22 |title=2007's MediaBridge Award Winners |work=Chicago International Children's Film Festival |access-date=17 February 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071222072017/http://cicff2007.org/content/youth-jury-media-bridge/22 |archive-date=22 December 2007 }}</ref> ''[[Dream (2012 film)|Dream]]'' (2012), has garnered the Royal Reel Award at the [[List of film festivals in North and Central America|Canada International Film Festival]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.canadafilmfestival.com/Festival/2013OfficialSelections/tabid/486/Default.aspx |title=2013 Official Selections |website=canadafilmfestival.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6EnNtTNiS?url=http://www.canadafilmfestival.com/Default.aspx?TabId=486&AspxAutoDetectCookieSupport=1 |archive-date=1 March 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-in-school/dream-hops-to-canada-in-flying-colours/article4473298.ece |title='Dream' hops to Canada in flying colours |newspaper=The Hindu |date=4 March 2013 |last1=Krishnamoorthy |first1=Suresh }}</ref><ref>[[Eenadu]] daily, Eenadu Cinema, page 16, 11 April 2013</ref> 2013 [[Social problem film]], ''[[Naa Bangaaru Talli]]'' won Best Film award at the Trinity International Film Festival in [[Detroit]], and four Awards at the Indonesian International Film Festival.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.gulte.com/news/21232/International-Recognition-for-a-Telugu-film |title=Naa Bangaru Talli as Best film at Trinity International Film Festival<!-- Bot generated title --> |work=gulte.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-the-story-of-naa-bangaru-talli-is-quite-shocking-south/20140310.htm |title='The story of Naa Bangaru Talli is quite shocking' – Rediff.com Movies<!-- Bot generated title --> |website=rediff.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://alllightsfilmmagazine.com/filmosphere/movies-more/news/688-naa-bangaru-talli-made-it-big-in-the-tiff-2013 |title=‘Naa Bangaru Talli’ made it big in the TIFF 2013<!-- Bot generated title --> |date=July 2014 |work=alllightsfilmmagazine.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140311153453/http://alllightsfilmmagazine.com/filmosphere/movies-more/news/688-naa-bangaru-talli-made-it-big-in-the-tiff-2013 |archive-date=11 March 2014 }}</ref>
-film [[Minugurulu]] was selected as ''Best Indian Film'' at the 9th ''India International Children's Film Festival'', held at [[Bangalore]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/telugu/article/102625.html |title='Minugurulu' Grabs Best Indian Film CIICFF – Telugu Movie News<!-- Bot generated title --> |work=indiaglitz.com}}</ref> 2013 Cultural film, [[O Friend, This Waiting!]] has received special mention at the ''Erasing Borders'' Festival of Classical Dance, [[Indo-American Arts Council]], New York, 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://magiclanternmovies.in/film/o-friend-waiting |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419012943/http://magiclanternmovies.in/film/o-friend-waiting |url-status=dead |archive-date=2014-04-19 |title=O Friend, This Waiting! |website=magiclanternmovies.in |publisher=Magic Lantern Movies LLP }}</ref> 2014 film ''Parampara'' has garnered the ''Platinum Award for Best Feature'' at the International Indonesian Movie Awards.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/international-recognition-for-parampara-telugu-news-115048 |title=International recognition for 'Parampara'|date=25 September 2014}}</ref> 2018 biographical film [[Mahanati]] based on the life of veteran actress [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] has garnered the "Equality in Cinema Award" at the 2018 [[Indian Film Festival of Melbourne]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.in.com/entertainment/regional/mahanati-100-glorious-days-of-an-undisputed-classic-184535.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181108224505/https://www.in.com/entertainment/regional/mahanati-100-glorious-days-of-an-undisputed-classic-184535.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2018-11-08 |title=Mahanati: 100 glorious days of an undisputed classic! - in.com |website=in.com}}</ref>
-After 2014, another important development in Telugu cinema is the increased presence of other regional dialects, particularly [[Telangana Baasha|Telangana Telugu]]. Traditionally, [[Coastal Andhra]] Telugu has been the language of film (along with being the basis of 'standard' and written Telugu), although the Telangana dialect was used to portray comedic and villainous characters and the [[Rayalaseema]] dialect was portrayed in films about the factional conflicts in the area starting in the 1990s.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2021-11-01|title=Cinema Bandi: A pathbreaker in Telugu film industry|url=https://www.theweek.in/theweek/leisure/2021/06/10/cinema-bandi-a-pathbreaker-in-telugu-film-industry.html|website=The Week}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|access-date=2021-04-09|title=From 'Fidaa' to 'iSmart Shankar': The rise of Telangana dialect in mainstream cinema|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/fidaa-ismart-shankar-rise-telangana-dialect-mainstream-cinema-107328|date=16 August 2019|website=The News Minute}}</ref> After the formation of the state of [[Telangana]] in 2014, Telangana culture gained more prominence, and more films were produced portraying Telangana tradition and language in a positive light, with 2017's ''[[Fidaa]]'' being a major example of this shift.<ref>{{cite news|first1=R. Ravikanth|last1=Reddy|access-date=2021-04-09|title=Once-mocked Telangana dialect is now the mainstream|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/once-mocked-dialect-is-now-the-mainstream/article24061375.ece|newspaper=The Hindu|date=1 June 2018|location=Hyderabad|issn=0971-751X|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>
-==New Tollywood==
-{{See also|Pan-India films}}[[File:RamGopalVarma.jpg|thumb|right|120px|Ram Gopal Varma]]
-[[Ram Gopal Varma]]'s ''[[Siva (1989 Telugu film)|Siva]]'', which attained [[cult film|cult status]] in Telugu cinema, is one of the first Telugu films produced after the migration of Telugu film industry from Madras to Hyderabad to feature characters speaking the [[Telangana]] dialect.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Power-of-the-tongue/articleshow/18592146.cms |title=Power of the tongue |last=Pasupulate |first=Karthik |date=20 February 2013 |website=The Times of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160419121417/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Power-of-the-tongue/articleshow/18592146.cms |archive-date=19 April 2016 |access-date=19 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/a-saga-in-the-making/article812802.ece |title=A saga in the making? |last=Raghavan |first=Nikhil |date=4 October 2010 |website=The Hindu |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160420093100/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/a-saga-in-the-making/article812802.ece |archive-date=20 April 2016 |access-date=20 April 2016}}</ref> Varma was credited with the introduction of [[steadicam]]s and new sound recording techniques in Telugu films.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Raj-Tarun-to-star-in-a-silent-film-by-RGV/articleshow/49567908.cms |title=Raj Tarun to star in a silent film by RGV |last=Pasupulate |first=Karthik |date=29 October 2015 |website=The Times of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160419120901/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Raj-Tarun-to-star-in-a-silent-film-by-RGV/articleshow/49567908.cms |archive-date=19 April 2016 |access-date=19 April 2016}}</ref> Within a year of the film's release, more than ten steadicams were imported into India.{{Sfn|Varma|2015|pp=138–139}} ''Siva'' attracted the young audience during its theatrical run, and its success encouraged filmmakers to explore a variety of themes and make experimental Telugu films.{{Sfn|Chinnarayana|2007|p=53}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Nagarjunas-Shiva-completes-25-years/articleshow/44401475.cms |title=Nagarjuna's Shiva completes 25 years |date=5 October 2014 |website=The Times of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160419025043/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Nagarjunas-Shiva-completes-25-years/articleshow/44401475.cms |archive-date=19 April 2016 |access-date=19 April 2016}}</ref>
-Subsequently, Varma introduced [[road movie]] and [[film-noir]] to Indian screen with ''[[Kshana Kshanam]]''. Varma experimented with close-to-life performances by the lead actors, which bought a rather fictional storyline a sense of authenticity at a time when the industry was being filled with unnecessary commercial fillers.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/nosta/jewels/kshanakshanam.html |title=telugu cinema – Good Films – Kshanakshanam – Venkatesh, Sridevi – Ram Gopal Varma – S Gopal Reddy – MM Keeravani |website=idlebrain.com}}</ref> It went on to gather a [[cult classic|cult following]] in south India,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19921016&printsec=frontpage&hl=en|title = The Indian Express - Google News Archive Search}}</ref> with a dubbed [[Hindi]] version titled ''Hairaan'' released to positive reports from [[bollywood]] critics, the [[Ann Arbor Film Festival]], and the [[Fribourg International Film Festival|Fribourg Festival]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rF8ABAAAQBAJ&q=kshana+kshanam+encyclopedia+of+indian+cinema&pg=PA1994-IA196 |title=Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema |last1=Rajadhyaksha |first1=Ashish |last2=Willemen |first2=Paul |date=10 July 2014 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781135943257 |via=Google Books}}</ref><ref name="India Today">{{Cite news |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/edouard-waintrop-on-the-new-indian-cinema/1/189357.html |title=Edouard Waintrop on the New Indian Cinema : UP Front – India Today |date=18 May 2012 |work=India Today |access-date=27 September 2012}}</ref>
-[[Singeetam Srinivasa Rao]] introduced science fiction to the Telugu screen with ''[[Aditya 369]]'', the film dealt with exploratory dystopian and apocalyptic themes.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/the-story-behind-the-song-nerajaanavule-from-the-movie-aditya-369/article25201254.ece |title=The story behind the song ' Nerajaanavule' from the movie Aditya 369 |date=12 October 2018 |work=The Hindu |access-date=28 August 2019|last1=Narasimham |first1=M. L. }}</ref> The edge of the seat thriller had characters which stayed human, inconsistent and insecure. The film's narrative takes the audience into the [[post apocalyptic]] experience through time travel, as well as [[folklore]] generation of 1500 A.D, which including a romantic backstory, the "Time Machine" made it a brilliant work of fiction.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://silverscreen.in/tamil/features/interviews/singeetam-srinivasa-rao-interview-golden-rule-cinema-no-golden-rule/ |title=Singeetam Srinivasa Rao Interview: "The Golden Rule Of Cinema Is That There Is No Golden Rule" |website=Silverscreen.in |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170103175919/https://silverscreen.in/tamil/features/interviews/singeetam-srinivasa-rao-interview-golden-rule-cinema-no-golden-rule/ |archive-date=3 January 2017 |access-date=16 February 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-south-interview-with-singeetham-srinivasa-rao/20100907.htm |title=Singeetham Srinivasa Rao's gems before Christ – Rediff.com Movies |website=rediff.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-01-16/news-interviews/36373029_1_sudeep-ram-gopal-varma-rgv |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102124438/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-01-16/news-interviews/36373029_1_sudeep-ram-gopal-varma-rgv |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-11-02 |work=[[The Times of India]] |title=Sudeep's excited about film with Ram Gopal Varma }}</ref>
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-|caption2=[[Akkineni Nagarjuna|Nagarjuna]]
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-|caption3=[[Venkatesh (actor)|Venkatesh]]
-|image4=Actor Nandamuri Balkrishna presents the Golden Peacock award to Gurvinder Singh for Anhey Ghorhey Da Daan (cropped).jpg
-|caption4=[[Nandamuri Balakrishna|Balakrishna]]
 }}
-[[Chiranjeevi]]'s works such as the [[comedy thriller]], ''[[Chantabbai]]'', the [[Vigilante film|Vigilante thriller]], ''[[Kondaveeti Donga]]''  the first Telugu film to be released on a 70&nbsp;mm 6-Track [[Stereophonic sound]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0246008/fullcredits |title=Kondaveeti Donga (1990) - IMDb |via=www.imdb.com}}</ref> the [[Western genre|Western thriller]] ''[[Kodama Simham]]'', and the [[action film|action thriller]], ''[[Gang Leader]]'', popularized genre films with the highest estimated footfall.<ref name="gang_leader">{{Cite news |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/msid-3424194, flstry-1.cms |title=Southern movie stars & politics: A long love affair |last=Gopalan |first=Krishna |date=30 August 2008 |work=[[The Economic Times]] |access-date=19 September 2010}}</ref> Reddiff.com cited [[Sekhar Kammula]]'s, National Award-winning "[[Dollar Dreams (film)|Dollar Dreams]]" as a take off from where [[Nagesh Kukunoor]]'s ''[[Hyderabad Blues]]'' ends.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.reachouthyderabad.com/newsmaker/nm14.htm |title=Software engineer turned director wins National Award |work=reachouthyderabad.com}}</ref>  Dollar Dreams explored the conflict between American dreams and human feelings. The film re-introduced [[Social realism]] to Telugu screen, and brought back its lost glory which until then was stuck in its run of the mill commercial pot-boilers.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://m.rediff.com/movies/2000/jul/17dream.htm |title=rediff.com, Movies: The Dollar Dreams review |date=17 July 2000 |publisher=M.rediff.com |access-date=28 August 2019}}</ref><ref name="tollywoodace.com">{{Cite web|last=|first=|title=25 Interesting facts about Telugu Cinema to Witness its Sega|url=https://tollywoodace.com/interesting-facts-about-telugu-cinema/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-07-14|website=Tollywood Ace|language=en-US}}</ref>
-===Sub-Genres and off beat films===
-[[File:Trivikram-srinivas-director.jpg|thumb|120px|[[Trivikram Srinivas]] is known for his works on [[slapstick comedy]] and [[romantic comedy]]]]
-Screenwriters such as [[Chandra Sekhar Yeleti]] experimented with the off beat film ''[[Aithe]]'' with a caption "all movies are not the same" Aithe was made on a shoestring budget of about 1.5 crores and went on to collect more than 6 crores. After almost two years he delivered another thriller ''[[Anukokunda Oka Roju]]'' both films were a refreshing change of pace to the audiences, produced by [[Gunnam Gangaraju]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thehindujobs.com/thehindu/mp/2003/10/14/stories/2003101400510100.htm |title=The Hindu : Different strokes |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120318134502/http://www.thehindujobs.com/thehindu/mp/2003/10/14/stories/2003101400510100.htm |archive-date=18 March 2012 |access-date=20 February 2016}}</ref>
-AIthe was remade in Tamil as ''[[Naam (2003 film)|Naam]]'' (2003) and in Malayalam as ''Wanted'' (2004).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-aithe.html |title=Telugu Cinema - Review - Aithe - Chandra Sekhar Eleti - Gangaraju Gunna - Kalyani Malik}}</ref>
-Speaking about the centenary of Indian cinema at the CII Media and Entertainment Summit 2012, filmmaker [[Shekhar Kapur]] said regional cinema is surpassing Hindi cinema in content and story, and cited ''[[Eega]]'' as an example. Kapur said he was impressed with its story and use of technology, and called it "no less than a Hollywood superhero film".<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-film-market-in-india-is-contracting-shekhar-kapur-1758049 |title=Film Market In India Is Contracting: Shekhar Kapur |date=30 October 2012 |website=Daily News and Analysis |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160404121926/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-film-market-in-india-is-contracting-shekhar-kapur-1758049 |archive-date=4 April 2016 |access-date=4 April 2016}}</ref> [[Shah Rukh Khan]] called ''Eega'' an "awesomely original" film and a "must watch" with children.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Shahrukh-Khan-praises-Rajamoulis-Makkhi/articleshow/16708215.cms |title=Shahrukh Khan praises Rajamouli's Makkhi |last=Sashidhar |first=A. S. |date=7 October 2012 |website=The Times of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160404122124/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Shahrukh-Khan-praises-Rajamoulis-Makkhi/articleshow/16708215.cms |archive-date=4 April 2016 |access-date=4 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/in-a-happy-space/article7159135.ece |title=In a happy space |last=Chowdary |first=Y. Sunita |date=30 April 2015 |website=The Hindu |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160404122148/http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/in-a-happy-space/article7159135.ece |archive-date=4 April 2016 |access-date=4 April 2016}}</ref> Eega has garnered ''Best Film to watch with a crowd'' at the [[Toronto After Dark Film Festival#2013|8th Annual Edition Toronto After Dark Film Festival]].<ref name="EA 8th A E T A D FF TOI">{{Cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/telugu/news-interviews/Rajamoulis-Eega-continues-to-win-awards/articleshow/25166198.cms |title=Rajamouli's Eega continues to win awards |date=3 November 2013|access-date=4 November 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
-Sub Genre war drama ''[[Kanche]]'' by [[Krish (director)|Krish Jagarlamudi]] explored the 1944 Nazis attack on the Indian army in the [[Italian campaign (World War II)|Italian campaign]], during [[World War II]] in an engrossing background tale of caste-ism while giving it a technically brilliant cinematic rendition.<ref name="Hans India MR">{{Cite web |url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/2015-10-24/Breaking-new-grounds--182145 |title=Breaking new grounds |last=Kalyanam |first=Rajeswari |date=24 October 2015 |website=The Hans India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151025164933/http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/2015-10-24/Breaking-new-grounds--182145 |archive-date=25 October 2015 |access-date=5 February 2016}}</ref> [[Sankalp Reddy]] explored [[submarine]] warfare in his directorial debut [[The Ghazi Attack]] based on the mysterious altercation between [[PNS Ghazi]] and [[INS Karanj (S21)|INS Karanj]] during the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/65th-national-film-awards-live-sridevi-posthumously-awarded-best-actress-for-mom-newton-wins-best-hindi-film-1717053.html |title=65th National Film Awards LIVE: Sridevi Posthumously Awarded Best Actress; Vinod Khanna Honoured With Dada Saheb Phalke Award |date=13 April 2018 |publisher=News 18date=13 April 2018 |access-date=13 April 2018}}</ref>
-[[Indo-Asian News Service]] called new-generation film maker [[Sandeep Vanga]]'s [[Arjun Reddy]] the "most original, experimental work to come out of Telugu cinema in a long time", and said the protagonist's (played by [[Vijay Deverakonda]]) "rise, fall and rise&nbsp;... is nothing short of poetic and heart wrenching".<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/arjun-reddy-movie-review-intense-raw-and-unbelievably-honest-5-stars/story-kSroTBJoqiGlTBavkdlVeK.html |title=Arjun Reddy movie review: Intense, raw and unbelievably honest. 5 stars |date=26 August 2017 |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=26 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180126154917/https://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/arjun-reddy-movie-review-intense-raw-and-unbelievably-honest-5-stars/story-kSroTBJoqiGlTBavkdlVeK.html |archive-date=26 January 2018 |agency=Indo Asian News Service}}</ref> [[Adivi Sesh]] scripted the Neo-noir [[Kshanam]] based on a real life incident of a missing three-year-old girl child.<ref name="Sesh IANS">{{Cite news |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/kshanam-most-rewarding-and-stressful-film-adivi-sesh/ |title='Kshanam' most rewarding and stressful film: Adivi Sesh |date=22 February 2016 |access-date=21 November 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161121130032/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/kshanam-most-rewarding-and-stressful-film-adivi-sesh/ |archive-date=21 November 2016 |agency=[[Indo-Asian News Service]] |website=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref> Sesh followed it up with the coming-of-age [[Research and Analysis Wing|R.A.W.]] thriller [[Goodachari]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/goodachari-review-adivi-seshs-coming-of-age-story-of-a-spy-is-a-winner/article24593253.ece |title=Goodachari review: Adivi Sesh's coming-of-age story of a spy is a winner |work=The Hindu |date=3 August 2018 |access-date=21 August 2019|last1=Dundoo |first1=Sangeetha Devi }}</ref> Actor-dancer [[Allu Arjun]] produced and acted in the short film, ''[[I Am That Change]]'' (2014), to spread awareness on individual social responsibility. The movie was directed by [[Sukumar (director)|Sukumar]], which was screened in theatres across [[Andhra Pradesh]] and [[Telangana]] on Indian Independence day, 2014.<ref name="shooting start">{{Cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Allu-Arjuns-new-film-rolls-out/articleshow/43241498.cms |title=Allu Arjun's new film rolls out |date=23 September 2014 |work=The Times of India |access-date=23 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141031164522/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Allu-Arjuns-new-film-rolls-out/articleshow/43241498.cms |archive-date=31 October 2014}}</ref>
-==Cast and crew==
-[[File:NTR Missamma.jpg|thumb|120px|[[N. T. Rama Rao]] in ''[[Missamma]]'']]
-<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:Actress sarada.jpg|thumb|120px|right|actress [[Sarada (actress)|Sharada]]]] -->
-[[File:Kota Srinivasa Rao 2016.JPG|thumb|right|120px|Thespian, [[Kota Srinivasa Rao]]]]
-[[V. Nagaiah]] was one of the most influential actors of South Indian cinema.<ref name="hindu.com">{{Cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2005/04/08/stories/2005040800220400.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051125162147/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2005/04/08/stories/2005040800220400.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=25 November 2005 |title=Nagaiah – noble, humble and kind-hearted |date=8 April 2005 |work=[[The Hindu]] |location=Chennai, India}}</ref> [[Vemuri Gaggaiah]], [[Kalyanam Raghuramaiah]], [[Rajanala Nageswara Rao|R. Nageswara Rao]], [[C. S. R. Anjaneyulu|C.S.R. Anjaneyulu]], [[Yadavalli Suryanarayana]], [[C. H. Narayana Rao]], [[Mudigonda Lingamurthy]] etc., are some of the finest method actors during the golden era.<ref>Early tollywood, [[Telugu Cinema Vythalikulu]], (2002) by [[B. Venkateshwarlu]]</ref> [[S. V. Ranga Rao]], was one of the first south Indian actors to win the Best Actor Award for his portrayal of [[Kichaka]] in [[Nartanasala]] at the [[Indonesian Film Festival]] held in Jakarta.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm6IIFAAward.aspx?PdfName=6IIFA.pdf |title=Directorate of Film Festival |website=iffi.nic.in |access-date=16 August 2012 |archive-date=2 May 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170502124953/http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm6IIFAAward.aspx?PdfName=6IIFA.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>Mahabhinishkramana, Viswa Nata Chakravarti, M. Sanjay Kishore, Sangam Akademy, Hyderabad, 2005, pp: 69–70.</ref> [[N. T. Rama Rao]] was one of the commercially successful Telugu actors of his time.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/NTR-Sridevi-greatest-actor-of-all-times-in-India-survey/Article1-1023608.aspx |title=NTR, Sridevi greatest actor of all times in India: survey – Hindustan Times |website=hindustantimes.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018010411/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/NTR-Sridevi-greatest-actor-of-all-times-in-India-survey/Article1-1023608.aspx |archive-date=18 October 2014 }}</ref>
-[[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] was the most popular telugu actress during the Golden Age of Telugu Cinema.[[K. N. T. Sastry]] and [[Pattabhirama Reddy Tikkavarapu|Pattabhirama Reddy]] have garnered international recognition for their pioneering work in [[Parallel Cinema]].<ref>{{Cite press release |title=Arts / Cinema : Conscientious filmmaker |date=7 May 2011 |url=http://www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/article1998948.ece |access-date=25 August 2012 |work=The Hindu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://1nellore.com/1849/tikkavarapu-pattabhirama-reddy-poet-film-maker-of-international-fame/ |title=Tikkavarapu Pattabhirama Reddy – Poet, Film maker of international fame from NelloreOne Nellore |website=1nellore.com |publisher=One Nellore |access-date=25 April 2013 |archive-date=6 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006102018/http://1nellore.com/1849/tikkavarapu-pattabhirama-reddy-poet-film-maker-of-international-fame/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Adurthi Subba Rao]], has garnered seven [[National Film Awards (India)|National Film Awards]], for his pioneering work on [[drama film]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.telugucinema.com/c/publish/starsprofile/adurtisubbarao.php |title=Stars : Star Profiles : Adurti Subbarao: A Tribute |website=telugucinema.com |archive-url=https://telugucinema.com/nostalgia/adurthi-subba-rao-a-tribute |archive-date=2 August 2021}}</ref> [[Akkineni Kutumba Rao]]'s ''Patha Nagaramlo Pasivadu'' received [[Cairo International Film Festival]]'s, Merit Certificate for best feature.<ref>{{Cite press release |title=Long journey sans fun |date=19 November 2002 |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/11/19/stories/2002111900430200.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101022073804/http://hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/11/19/stories/2002111900430200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=22 October 2010 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=29 August 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite press release |title=Children's Film Society, India &#124; Page 14 |date=23 November 2011 |publisher=cfsindia |url=http://cfsindia.org/author/cfsindia/page/14/ |access-date=29 August 2012 |archive-date=2 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102115929/http://cfsindia.org/author/cfsindia/page/14/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
-[[Dasari Narayana Rao]] directed the most films in Telugu, including works such as ''[[Meghasandesam]]'' (1982), ''[[Tandra Paparayudu (film)|Tandra Paparayudu]]'' (1986) casting [[Krishnam Raju]], and ''[[Kante Koothurne Kanu]]'' (1998).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm11IIFAAward.aspx?PdfName=11IIFA.pdf |title=Directorate of Film Festival |access-date=26 November 2016 |archive-date=30 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130130012609/http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm11IIFAAward.aspx?PdfName=11IIFA.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Krishna (Telugu actor)|Krishna Ghattamaneni]] is credited with producing many technological firsts such as the first [[Cinemascope]] film [[Alluri Seetharama Raju (1974 film)|Alluri Seetharama Raju]], first [[70mm film]] ''[[Simhasanam (1986 film)|Simhasanam]]'', first [[DTS (sound system)|DTS film]] ''Telugu Veera Levara'' (1988) and introducing [[Western (genre)|cowboy]] and [[James Bond]] styles to the Telugu screen.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-12-25/news-interviews/35998558_1_filmfare-award-nandi-awards-super-star-krishna |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102123258/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-12-25/news-interviews/35998558_1_filmfare-award-nandi-awards-super-star-krishna |url-status=dead |archive-date=2 November 2013 |title=Super Star Krishna retires from movies |last=Pasupulate |first=Karthik |date=25 December 2012 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=25 December 2012}}</ref> [[Jandhyala (filmmaker)|Jandhyala]] is known for his [[dramedy film]]'s.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-03-30/news-interviews/38145395_1_kasturi-siva-rao-cinema-comedy |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130403054008/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-03-30/news-interviews/38145395_1_kasturi-siva-rao-cinema-comedy |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-04-03 |work=[[The Times of India]] |title=8 decades of laughter }}</ref> Noted [[Film editing|film editor]] from the state, [[A. Sreekar Prasad]], known for his initial works in Telugu films of the 1980s, has garnered national recognition for film editing across multiple languages of [[Indian cinema]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/metroplus/article1550237.ece |title=Life & Style / Metroplus : The Saturday Interview – A cut above |last=Sudhish Kamath |date=18 March 2011 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=6 December 2011 |location=Chennai, India}}</ref>
-[[N. T. Rama Rao]], [[S. V. Ranga Rao]], [[Jaggayya]], [[Tadepalli Lakshmi Kanta Rao|Kanta Rao]], [[Bhanumathi Ramakrishna]], [[Anjali Devi]], [[Suryakantam (actress)|Suryakantam]], [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]], [[Krishnam Raju]] and [[Sobhan Babu]] are the actors who received the erstwhile [[Rashtrapati Award]] for best performance in a leading role.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Telugu-star-Shoban-Babu-passes-away/Article1-283771.aspx |title=Telugu star Shoban Babu passes away |date=21 March 2008 |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=10 February 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100707082250/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Telugu-star-Shoban-Babu-passes-away/Article1-283771.aspx |archive-date=7 July 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://entertainment.oneindia.in/telugu/news/2009/kantha-rao-died-250309.html |title=Kantha Rao becomes a memory &#124; News – Oneindia Entertainment |last=Social Post |date=25 March 2009 |access-date=3 November 2012 |publisher=Entertainment.oneindia.in}}</ref> [[Nagarjuna Akkineni]], [[Sharada (actress)|Sharada]], [[Archana (actress)|Archana]], [[Vijayashanti]], [[Rohini (actress)|Rohini]], [[Keerthy Suresh]], and [[P. L. Narayana]] are the actors to receive the Indian [[National Film Awards (India)|National Film Award]] for best performance in acting. Veteran actor [[Chiranjeevi]], was listed among "The men who changed the face of the [[Indian Cinema]]" by [[CNN-IBN|IBN-live]] India.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/photogallery/12600-28.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130217023206/http://ibnlive.in.com/photogallery/12600-28.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-02-17 |title=100 Years of Cinema: The men who changed the face of Indian films |work=ibnlive.in.com |publisher=IBNLive}}</ref><ref name="doctorate">{{Cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/11/07/stories/2006110708900100.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080205140414/http://www.hindu.com/2006/11/07/stories/2006110708900100.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=5 February 2008 |title=AU confers honorary degrees on Chiru, others |date=7 November 2006 |access-date=21 April 2011 |work=[[The Hindu]] |location=Chennai, India}}</ref> [[Brahmanandam]], holds a [[Guinness World Record]] for acting in the most films in the same language.<ref name="Guinness record for Brahmanandam">{{Cite news |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-12-15/news-interviews/27960977_1_brahmanandam-rare-honour-telugu |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105170037/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-12-15/news-interviews/27960977_1_brahmanandam-rare-honour-telugu |url-status=dead |archive-date=5 November 2012 |title=Guinness record for Brahmanandam |date=15 December 2007 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=10 October 2010}}</ref><ref name="bguinness">{{Cite web |url=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/Search/Details/Most-screen-credits-for-a-living-actor/59409.htm |title=Home of the Longest, Shortest, Fastest, Tallest facts and feats |publisher=Guinness World Records |access-date=21 September 2011}}</ref>
-===Cinematography===
-[[Cinematographer]]s such as [[V. N. Reddy]], K. S. Prasad, [[Jaya Krishna Gummadi|Jaya Gummadi]], [[Sudhakar Reddy Yakkanti|Sudhakar Yakkanti]], and [[Rajendra Prasad (filmmaker)|C. Rajendra Prasad]] have garnered national recognition.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://asia.isp.msu.edu/wbwoa/south_asia/india/Films.htm |title=Cinema – The Era Of Talking Movies – 1940 – 1950 |publisher=Windows on Asia |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131107214524/http://asia.isp.msu.edu/wbwoa/south_asia/india/Films.htm |archive-date=7 November 2013 |access-date=9 March 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Back To The Future |last=Bamzai |first=Kaveree |date=18 July 1999 |work=Indian Express}}</ref><ref name="16thawardPDF">{{Cite web |url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/16th_nff_1970.pdf |title=16th National Film Awards |publisher=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]] |access-date=22 September 2011}}</ref>
-===Film Critics and Jury Members===
-[[Vasiraju Prakasam]] and [[K. N. T. Sastry]] are one of the noted Indian [[Film criticism|film critics]] from the state.<ref name="48thawardPDF">{{Cite web |url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/48th_nff_2001.pdf |title=48th National Film Awards |publisher=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]] |access-date=13 March 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dff.nic.in/54th%20NFA%20Press%20Release.pdf |title=54TH NATIONAL FILM AWARDS<!-- Bot generated title --> |website=dff.nic.in |access-date=8 February 2014 |archive-date=10 April 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090410075306/http://www.dff.nic.in/54th%20NFA%20Press%20Release.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[B. S. Narayana]] was a member of the Indian delegation to the ''Tashkent Film Festival'' in 1974, and the ''Moscow International Film Festival'' in 1975.<ref name="autogenerated7">[http://dff.nic.in/2011/26th_NFA.pdf ]</ref> [[Gummadi (actor)|Gummadi]], served as official member of the Indian delegation from South India to the ''Tashkent Film Festival'' in 1978 and 1982.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/profile-gummadi.html |title=Profile of Gummadi – Telugu film actor}}</ref> He served as the Jury Member thrice for the [[28th National Film Awards|28th]], [[33rd National Film Awards|33rd]], and [[39th National Film Awards]]. [[Chandra Siddhartha]] served in South Jury at the [[57th National Film Awards|57th]], [[61st National Film Awards|61st]] and [[65th National Film Awards]], as well as the [[49th International Film Festival of India|49th IFFI]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://dff.nic.in/images/Documents/45_57thNfacatalogue%20-%20.pdf|title=Jury-Chandra Siddhartha |work=57th NFA|location=New Delhi, India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://dff.nic.in/images/Documents/41_61stNfaArchives.pdf|title=Jury-Chandra Siddhartha |work=61st NFA|location=New Delhi, India}}</ref>
-===Film Score===
-[[File:S. P. Balasubrahmanyam.jpg|thumb|right|120px|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]] in 1985]]
-[[File:S Janaki in Pune, India 2007.JPG|thumb|right|120px|[[S. Janaki]] in 2007]]
-[[Sri Sri (writer)|Sri Sri]] was one of the influential film lyricists of his time, who garnered national honors such as [[Sahitya Akademi Award]], [[National Film Award for Best Lyrics|Best Lyricist]] and Soviet Land Nehru Award for his pioneering work.<ref>[[Chaso]] Dolls Wedding & Other Stories – Page xii introduction by Renee David Shulman, 194, Cāsō – 2012 "But Vizianagaram in the mid-twentieth century was also home to other literati including the most famous poet in modern Telugu, Sri Sri (Srirangam Srinivasa Rao); [[Arudra]], historian of Telugu literature, literary critic and poet; and [[Racakonda Visvanatha Sastri]], the short-story writer whose statue you can find on the Visakhapatnam beach...."</ref><ref>Dictionary of Hindu Literature Kuśa Satyendra – 2000 – Page 175 "Sriniwasaraw Srirangam (b 1910 Visakhapatnam). Telugu poet. Sri Sri, as he is popularly known, wrote his first poem at ..."</ref>
-[[Susarla Dakshinamurthi]], Parupalli Ramakrishnaiah Pantulu, [[Ogirala Ramachandra Rao]],
-[[Pithapuram Nageswara Rao]], [[Tanguturi Suryakumari]], and [[Mangalampalli Balamuralikrishna]] are some of the influential music composers of Southern Indian cinema.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/05/03/stories/2005050312101300.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050506050512/http://www.hindu.com/2005/05/03/stories/2005050312101300.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-05-06 |website=[[The Hindu]] |title=National : French honour for Balamuralikrishna }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/maestro-in-many-moods/article487108.ece |title=Maestro in many moods |newspaper=The Hindu |date=26 June 2010 |last1=Ramnarayan |first1=Gowri }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.uiowa.edu/~incinema/narthanasala.html |title=Susarla's work |website=uiowa.edu |publisher=University of Iowa |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130504142600/http://www.uiowa.edu/~incinema/narthanasala.html |archive-date=4 May 2013 }}</ref> Music composers such as [[Pendyala Nageswara Rao]], R. Sudarshanam and R. Goverdhanam made contributions to folklore and mythological films.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cinegoer.com/bhookailas.htm |title=cinegoer.net – Nostalgia – AVM's Bhookailas |website=cinegoer.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929192609/http://www.cinegoer.com/bhookailas.htm |archive-date=29 September 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.telugism.com/video/special-story-veteran-music-director-susarla-dakshinamurthy-etv2 |title=Special story on veteran music director Susarla Dakshinamurthy – Etv2, Susarla Dakshinamurthy, Music |website=telugism.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005010025/http://www.telugism.com/video/special-story-veteran-music-director-susarla-dakshinamurthy-etv2 |archive-date=5 October 2013 }}</ref>
-[[Madhavapeddi Satyam]], [[P. Adinarayana Rao]], [[Gali Penchala Narasimha Rao]], [[Chellapilla Satyam]], [[P. B. Sreenivas]], [[S. P. Kodandapani]], [[G. K. Venkatesh]], [[S. Hanumantha Rao]], have contributed their work extensively for films containing themes of social relevance.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2008/07/11/stories/2008071150370200.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005010911/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2008/07/11/stories/2008071150370200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-10-05 |website=[[The Hindu]] |title=Friday Review Hyderabad / Music : Melodious tribute }}</ref> [[S.P. Balasubrahmanyam]] is a multilingual [[playback singer]] from Telugu cinema to win [[National Film Award for Best Male Playback Singer|National Film Awards]] across four languages. He holds the record of having recorded more songs than any other male playback singer and has received 25 state [[Nandi Awards]].<ref>DC Correspondent New Delhi (26 January 2011). "SPB wins Padma Bhushan, no Bharat Ratna this year". ''Deccan Chronicle''. Retrieved 2 May 2011</ref>
-[[S. Rajeswara Rao]] pioneered the use of light music in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] cinema; Rao's most rewarding assignments came from [[Gemini Studios]], which he joined in 1940 and with which he remained for a decade.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.telugucinema.com/c/publish/starsprofile/srajeshwararao_oct27_printer.php |title=A Tribute to (Ra)Saluri Rajeshwara Rao |date=27 October 2007 |publisher=TeluguCinema.Com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://telugucinema.com/nostalgia/a-tribute-to-rasaluri-rajeshwara-rao |archive-date=2 August 2021 |access-date=23 March 2011 }}</ref> [[Ghantasala (singer)|Ghantasala]], performed in the [[United States]], [[England]], and [[Germany]]. According to ''The Hindu'', and ''The Indian Express'' he was "Such a divine talent and with his songs he could move the hearts of the people. Ghantasala's blending of classical improvisations to the art of light music combined with his virtuosity and sensitivity puts him a class apart, above all others in the field of playback singing".<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/02/11/stories/2003021100450100.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031019232757/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/02/11/stories/2003021100450100.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=19 October 2003 |title=Honouring a legend |date=11 February 2003 |work=[[The Hindu]] |location=Chennai, India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ghantasala.info/theman/no_mere_singer.html |title=Ghantasala}}</ref>
-[[P. Susheela]], has been recognized by both the ''[[Guinness Book of World Records]]'' and the ''[[Asia Book of Records]]'' for singing most songs in Indian languages.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/veteran-playback-singer-p-susheela-recognised-by-guinness-and-asia-book-of-records/article8409692.ece?homepage=true |title=P. Susheela enters Guinness World Records |last=Naig |first=Udhav|newspaper=The Hindu |date=29 March 2016 }}</ref> She is also the recipient of five [[National Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer]] and numerous state awards.<ref name="Happy Birthday PSusheela">{{Cite web |url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/happy-birthday-psusheela-telugu-news-118585.html |title=Happy Birthday PSusheela}}</ref> Works by [[S. Janaki]], [[M. M. Keeravani]], and [[Ramesh Naidu]] have received National recognition. [[K. S. Chithra|K. S. Chitra]] has received highest Nandi awards for best female playback singer. Multi-instrumentalists duo [[Raj–Koti]] holds a notable career spanning a decade, the duo has garnered particular acclaim for redefining contemporary music.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.myfirstshow.com/news/view/5688/Music-duo-Rajkoti-will-be-honoured.html |title=Music duo Rajkoti will be honoured-News, Telugu movie news, latest news |website=myfirstshow.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ap7am.com/ap7am_show_detail_videos.php?newsid=32394 |title=Raj–Koti Reunited : Special Live show - ap7am<!-- Bot generated title --> |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110616055252/http://www.ap7am.com/ap7am_show_detail_videos.php?newsid=32394 |archive-date=16 June 2011}}</ref> [[R. P. Patnaik]] is the current president of the Telugu Cine Music Association.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-05-24/hyderabad/39500848_1_telugu-entertainment-tax-singers |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130814180354/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-05-24/hyderabad/39500848_1_telugu-entertainment-tax-singers |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-08-14 |website=[[The Times of India]] |title=No more Telugu music recording in Chennai }}</ref>
-===Visual Effects===
-Enhanced technology among live action animation, [[digital compositing]], and special effects paved the way for upgrading from established cinematic norms. [[Visual effects]] based [[high fantasy]] works such as ''[[Magadheera]]'' (2009), ''[[Arundhati (2009 film)|Arundhati]]'' (2009), ''[[Eega]]''  (2012) and ''[[Dhamarukam]]'' (2012) have tasted success.<ref name="The animated lot">{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/the-animated-lot/article4030520.ece |title=The animated lot |newspaper=The Hindu |date=25 October 2012 |last1=Borah |first1=Prabalika M. }}</ref> Pete Draper, P. C. Sanath, [[Chakri Toleti]] and [[V. Srinivas Mohan]] are some of the visual effects professional's from the state known for their works in Telugu films.<ref name="The animated lot" /><ref name="60th NFA 2012">{{cite press release |title=60th National Film Awards Announced |url=http://pib.nic.in/archieve/others/2013/mar/d2013031801.pdf |publisher=Press Information Bureau (PIB), India |access-date=18 March 2013}}</ref>
-==Nandi Awards==
-The [[Nandi Awards]] is the most prominent government funded award ceremony for excellence in the production of Telugu film, theatre and television. It is presented annually at ''Lalitha Kala Thoranam'' in [[Hyderabad]],<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-03-24/hyderabad/31233624_1_film-awards-nandi-film-actor-award |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130522171120/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-03-24/hyderabad/31233624_1_film-awards-nandi-film-actor-award |url-status=dead |archive-date=22 May 2013 |title=Clean films necessary to promote family values: CM |last=TNN 24 March 2012, 12.26AM IST |date=24 March 2012 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=14 October 2012 }}</ref> by the Film, Television and Theatre Development Corporation'' of Telugu state.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.ragalahari.com/news/3238/government-announces-nandi-awards-committee-members.aspx |title=Government announces Nandi Awards committee members |date=23 December 2007 |access-date=13 October 2012 |publisher=Ragalahari.com |archive-date=4 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304014909/http://www.ragalahari.com/news/3238/government-announces-nandi-awards-committee-members.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> "Nandi" means "bull", the awards being named after the big granite bull at [[Lepakshi]] — a cultural and historical symbol of the Telugu culture.
-==Guinness records==
-* Guinness Record had been awarded to [[Ramoji Film City]],<ref name="tollywoodace.com"/> Hyderabad as the largest film studio complex in the world, it opened in 1996 and measures 674 hectares (1,666 acres). With 47 sound stages, it has permanent sets ranging from railway stations to temples.<ref name="ramoji" /><ref name="TheHindu">{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.in/2005/08/03/stories/2005080301301901.htm |title=Ramoji Film City sets Guinness record |date=3 August 2005 |work=The Hindu |access-date=10 January 2012}}</ref>
-* [[D.Rama Naidu]] holds the [[Guinness World Record]] as the most prolific producer with 130 films.<ref name="Press information bureau Govt. of India">{{Cite news |url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=65641 |title=Press Information Bureau English Releases |access-date=25 August 2012 |publisher=Pib.nic.in}}</ref>
-* [[Dasari Narayana Rao]] holds the [[Guinness World Record]] as the most films directed with 151 films.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-05-30|title=Dasari Narayana Rao, pillar of Telugu film industry, passes away in Hyderabad|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/dasari-narayana-rao-pillar-telugu-film-industry-passes-away-hyderabad-62871|access-date=2021-07-13|website=The News Minute|language=en}}</ref>
-* [[Brahmanandam]] holds the [[Guinness World Record]] for acting in the most films in a single language, 1000+ films.<ref name="Guinness record for Brahmanandam" /><ref name="bguinness" /><ref name="Guinness world record">{{Cite web |url=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/records-3000/most-screen-credits-for-a-living-actor |title=Most screen credits for a living actor |date=24 June 2010 |publisher=Guinnessworldrecords.com |access-date=25 August 2012}}</ref>
-* [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]] holds the [[Guinness World Record]] for having sung the most songs for any male playback singer in the world,<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00v3k15 |title=BBC Interview with S P Balasubramaniam}}</ref><ref name="spbala.com the official website">{{Cite web |url=http://www.spbala.com/press.asp |title=Singing his way to the guinness |date=5 March 1999 |publisher=Spbala.com |access-date=25 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://movies.rediff.com/slide-show/2009/nov/19/slide-show-1-south-intreview-with-spb.htm |title=Make way for SPB, the TV host! |date=19 November 2009 |work=Rediff.com |access-date=25 August 2012}}</ref> with the majority of his songs sung in Telugu.
-* In 2002, the Guinness Book of Records named [[Vijaya Nirmala]] as the female director with the most films, having made 47 films. In a career spanning approximately two decades, she has acted in over 200 films with 25 each in Malayalam and Tamil and produced 15 films.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/article2969786.ece?service=mobile |title=Guinness Record for Vijaya Nirmala |work=The Hindu |location=Chennai, India}}{{Dead link|date=July 2014}}</ref>
-* In 2016, [[P. Susheela|P.Susheela]] entered the Guinness Book of World Records for recording the highest number of songs in musical history.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/veteran-playback-singer-p-susheela-recognised-by-guinness-and-asia-book-of-records/article8409692.ece?homepage=true |title=Hindu news P.Susheela enters guinness world records}}</ref>
-==Dubbed films==
-The 1949 film ''[[Keelu Gurram]]'' was the first Telugu film to be dubbed into the Tamil language, being subsequently released under the name ''Maya Kudhirai''.<ref name=autogenerated3 /> According to the Andhra Pradesh Film Chamber of Commerce, "as per the Judgement of Supreme Court in Ashirwad Films in W.P.(Civil) No.709 there will be no difference in taxation of films between the dubbed films coming in from other states and the films produced in the Telugu States".<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://apfilmchamber.com/GOS/bc25a306-5984-4d40-81d4-13c1a5de5138.pdf |title=GOVERNMENT OF ANDHRA PRADESH: Andhra Pradesh Entertainment Tax Act, 1939}}</ref>
-== Distribution ==
-The Telugu-speaking areas are broadly divided into three areas for the purposes of Film Distribution, namely, Nizam, Ceded and Andhra. Nizam alone contributes to nearly 45% of the revenue.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Kanth|first=K. Rajani|date=31 July 2013|title=Telangana casts its shadow on Telugu film industry prospects|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/specials/telangana-casts-its-shadow-on-telugu-film-industry-prospects-113073101015_1.html|access-date=8 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=31 July 2013|title=Nizam territory will remain indispensable for Tollywood|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Nizam-territory-will-remain-indispensable-for-Tollywood/articleshow/21499426.cms|access-date=8 June 2020|work=The Times of India}}</ref>
-=== Telugu film distribution territories ===
-{| class="wikitable"
-|+
-!Territory
-!Areas Included
-|-
-|Nizam
-|State of [[Telangana]], along with two [[List of districts in India|districts]] of [[Karnataka]] viz., [[Raichur district|Raichur]] and [[Koppal district|Koppal]]
-|-
-|Ceded
-|Four districts of [[Rayalaseema]] region along with [[Ballari district|Bellary]] of Karnataka and [[Markapur revenue division]] of [[Prakasam district]]
-|-
-|Vizag / UA
-|Three districts of [[Visakhapatnam district|Visakhapatnam]], [[Vizianagaram district|Vizianagaram]] and [[Srikakulam district|Srikakulam]]
-|-
-|East
-|[[East Godavari|East Godavari district]]
-|-
-|West
-|[[West Godavari district]]
-|-
-|Krishna
-|[[Krishna district]]
-|-
-|Guntur
-|[[Guntur district]] and [[Ongole revenue division]] of [[Prakasam district]]
-|-
-|Nellore
-|[[Nellore district]] and [[Kandukur revenue division]] of Prakasham district
-|-
-|Karnataka
-|State of [[Karnataka]] excluding districts of Raichur, Koppal and Bellary, along with [[Krishnagiri district]] of [[Tamil Nadu]]
-|-
-|Tamil Nadu
-|State of [[Tamil Nadu]] excluding Krishnagiri district
-|-
-|ROI
-|Rest of India
-|}
-Apart from the above, there is also an emerging Overseas territory, especially [[United States]] which accounts for a significant amount of revenue.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Dundoo|first=Sangeetha Devi|date=11 July 2016|title=Million dollar films|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/Million-dollar-films/article14486739.ece|access-date=8 June 2020|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
-== Awards ==
-'''National Award for Best Feature Film'''
-{| class="wikitable"
-|- style="background:#d3d3d3;"
-!Year
-!Film
-!Producer
-!Note(s)
-|-
-|2015
-|''[[Baahubali: The Beginning]] ''
-| [[Shobu Yarlagadda]]
-|[[National Film Award for Best Feature Film]]
-|-
-|1992
-|''[[Bhagavad Gita (film)|Bhagavad Gita]]''
-| [[T. Subbarami Reddy]]
-|[[National Film Award for Best Feature Film]]
-|-
-|1963
-|''[[Nartanasala]] ''
-| [[Lakshmi Rajyam]]
-|[[National Film Award for Second Best Feature Film]]<ref name="11thaward">{{Cite web |url=http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm11thNFAAward.aspx |title=11th National Film Awards |publisher=[[International Film Festival of India]] |access-date=13 September 2011 |archive-date=2 May 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170502124428/http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm11thNFAAward.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref>
-|-
-|1956
-|''[[Tenali Ramakrishna (film)|Tenali Ramakrishna]] ''
-| [[B. S. Ranga]]
-|[[Discontinued and Intermittent National Film Awards#All India Certificate of Merit|All India Certificate of Merit for Best Feature Film]]<ref name="4thawardPDF" />
-|}
-'''Dadasaheb Phalke awardees'''
-{| class="wikitable"
-|- style="background:#d3d3d3;"
-!Year
-!Recipient
-!Note(s)
-|-
-|[[22nd National Film Awards|1974]]
-|[[B. N. Reddy]]<ref name="dff.nic.in">{{Cite web |url=http://dff.nic.in/dadasahebphalke.asp |title=::DIRECTORATE OF FILM FESTIVALS |website=dff.nic.in}}</ref>
-|Director and producer
-|-
-|[[28th National Film Awards|1980]]
-|[[Paidi Jairaj]]<ref name="dff.nic.in" />
-|Actor and thespian
-|-
-|[[30th National Film Awards|1982]]
-|[[L. V. Prasad]]<ref name="dff.nic.in" />
-|Director and producer
-|-
-|[[34th National Film Awards|1986]]
-|[[B. Nagi Reddy]]<ref name="dff.nic.in" />
-|Director and producer
-|-
-|[[38th National Film Awards|1990]]
-|[[Akkineni Nageswara Rao]]<ref name="dff.nic.in" />
-|Actor
-|-
-|[[57th National Film Awards|2009]]
-|[[D. Ramanaidu]]<ref name="dff.nic.in" />
-|Producer
-|-
-|[[64th National Film Awards|2016]]
-|[[K. Viswanath]]<ref name="Dadasaheb Phalke award">{{Cite web |url=http://dff.nic.in/NFA2016/NFA_Catalogue_2016.pdf |title=64th National Film Awards |publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals |page=183 |access-date=15 May 2017}}</ref>
-|Director and actor
-|}
-'''State awards'''{{colbegin}}
-* [[Nandi Awards]]
-* [[Raghupathi Venkaiah Award]]
-* [[NTR National Award]]
-* B. N. Reddy National Award
-* [[Nandi Award for Best Character Actor|S. V. Ranga Rao Award for Best Character Actor]]
-* [[Nandi Award for Akkineni Award for Best Home-viewing Feature Film|Akkineni Award for Best Home-viewing Feature Film]]
-* Nagi Reddy Chakrapani National Award
-{{colend}}'''Other major film awards'''
-* [[Filmfare Awards South]]
-* [[IIFA Utsavam]]
-* [[South Indian International Movie Awards]]
-'''Regional awards'''{{colbegin}}
-* Sangam Academy Award
-* Chittoru Nagaiah Puraskaram
-* [[CineMAA Awards]]
-* [[Allu Rama Lingaiah]] Award
-* [[Gollapudi Srinivas Award]]
-* B. Nagi Reddy Wholesome Entertainment Film
-* Tollywood GAAMA Awards
-* Gemini Ugadi Puraskaralu
-* Hyderabad Times Film Awards
-* Vamsee Berkely Awards
-* Akruti Film Awards
-* [[FNCC Awards]]
-* Andhra Pradesh Film Journalist's Association Awards
-* [[Santosham Film Awards]]
-* [[T. Subbarami Reddy]] Award<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-04-10/hyderabad/29403141_1_film-awards-playback-singer-bollywood-stars |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928070706/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-04-10/hyderabad/29403141_1_film-awards-playback-singer-bollywood-stars |url-status=dead |archive-date=28 September 2011 |work=[[The Times of India]] |title=TSR-TV9 film awards function in city today |date=10 April 2011 }}</ref>
-* [[ANR National Award]]
-* Saakshi Excellence Awards
-{{colend}}
-== Studios ==
-'''Major Filmmaking studios'''{{colbegin}}
-* [[Ramanaidu Studios]]
-* [[Saradhi Studios]]
-* [[Ramakrishna Studios]]
-* [[Padmalaya Studios]]
-* [[Annapurna Studios]]
-* [[Ramoji Film City]]
-{{colend}}'''Visual effects and animation studios'''
-* [[Prasad Studios|Prasad EFX]] - Magic in motion
-* Pixelloid Studios
-* Fire Fly Creative Studios<ref>{{Cite news |title=Pre-visualisation|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/article860167.ece |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Sanath fire fly, digital lab, Hyderabad |url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2005/07/19/stories/2005071900790400.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050720004641/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2005/07/19/stories/2005071900790400.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-07-20 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
-* [[Makuta VFX]]<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/article3619276.ece |title=Cities / Hyderabad : With technology, 'Eega' takes wings |last=Suresh Krishnamoorthy |work=The Hindu |access-date=19 September 2012 |location=Chennai, India}}</ref>
-==See also==
-{{colbegin}}
-* [[List of highest-grossing Indian films]]
-* [[List of South Indian film families]]
-* [[Tollywood Kolkata]]
-* [[List of silent films from South India]]{{colend}}
-==References==
-{{Reflist}}
-== Further reading ==
-* {{cite book|last=Shohini Chaudhuri|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qOXoeyesZOIC&pg=PA149|title=Contemporary World Cinema: Europe, the Middle East, East Asia and South Asia|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|year=2005|isbn=0-7486-1799-X|page=149}}
-* {{cite book|last=Gokulsing|first=K.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_plssuFIar8C&pg=PA132|title=Indian Popular Cinema: A Narrative of Cultural Change|author2=Moti Gokulsing, Wimal|publisher=Trentham Books|year=2004|isbn=1-85856-329-1|page=132}}
-* {{cite book|last=Arnold|first=Alison|title=The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music|publisher=Taylor & Francis|year=2000|isbn=978-0-8240-4946-1|chapter=Pop Music and Audio-Cassette Technology: Southern Area – Film music|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZOlNv8MAXIEC&q=A.+R.+Rehman+tamil&pg=RA2-PA554}}
-*
-==External links==
-{{commons category|Telugu cinema}}
-{{Tollywood|horiz}}
-{{National Film Award Best Feature Film Telugu}}
-{{Nandi Award for Best Popular Feature Film}}
-{{Nandi Award for Best Home Viewing Feature Film}}
-{{Raghupathi Venkaiah Award Recipients}}
-{{Filmfare Best Telugu Film}}
-{{Cinema of India}}
-{{World cinema}}
-[[Category:Telugu cinema]]
-[[Category:Telugu film families]]
-[[Category:Cinema of India]]
-[[Category:Indian culture]]
-[[Category:Economy of Andhra Pradesh]]
-[[Category:Culture of Andhra Pradesh]]
-[[Category:Telugu language]]
-[[Category:Film production districts]]

Telugu Cinema: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 22:17, 21 May 2025