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| {{Short description|Calendar used in the Bengal region}}
| | #REDIRECT [[Bengali calendar]] |
| {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
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| {{Today/BS/AH/AD}}
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| {{Contains special characters|Bengali}}
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| The '''Bengali Calendar''' or '''Bangla Calendar''' ({{lang-bn|বঙ্গাব্দ ||Baṅgābda}}), colloquially ({{lang-bn|বাংলা সন|Baṅgla Śon}}), is a [[solar calendar]]<ref name="ChakrabartiChakrabarti2013"/> used in the [[Bengal region]] of the [[Indian subcontinent]]. A revised version of the calendar is [[Bangladeshi calendar|the national and official calendar]] in [[Bangladesh]] and an earlier version of the calendar is followed in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian states]] of [[West Bengal]], [[Tripura]] and [[Assam]]. The [[New Year]] in the Bengali calendar is known as ''[[Pôhela Boishakh]]''. The calender was introduced by Emperor [[Shashanka]] of [[Gauda Kingdom|Gauda]]. The rise of [[Shashanka]] from a Samanta Raja to the sovereign ruler of [[Bengal]] coincides with that of the beginning of the [[Bangabda]].
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| The Bengali era is called ''Bengali Sambat'' (BS)<ref>{{cite book|author=Ratan Kumar Das|title=IASLIC Bulletin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mcDgAAAAMAAJ|year=1996|publisher=Indian Association of Special Libraries & Information Centres|page=76}}</ref> or the ''Bengali year'' ({{lang|bn|বাংলা সন}} ''Bangla Sôn'', {{lang|bn|বাংলা সাল}} ''Bangla sal'', or ''Bangabda'')<ref name="Sengupta2011"/> has a zero year that starts in 593/594 CE. It is 594 less than the [[Anno Domini|AD]] or [[Common Era|CE]] year in the [[Gregorian calendar]] if it is before ''Pôyla Bôishakh'', or 593 less if after ''Pôyla Bôishakh''.
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| The revised version of the Bengali calendar was officially adopted in Bangladesh in 1987.<ref name= Chakrabarti114/><ref name=Banglapedia/> Among the Bengali community in [[India]], the traditional Indian Hindu calendar continues to be in use, and it sets the Hindu festivals.{{citation needed|date=August 2023}}<ref name="ChakrabartiChakrabarti2013">{{cite encyclopaedia |author1=Kunal Chakrabarti |author2=Shubhra Chakrabarti |title=Historical Dictionary of the Bengalis |year=2013 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-8024-5 |pages=114–5 |entry=Calendar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QVOFAAAAQBAJ}}</ref>
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| {{Bengalis}}
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| ==History==
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| ===Buddhist/Hindu influence===
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| {{further|Bengali calendar}}
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| Some historians attribute the Bengali calendar to the 7th century Bengali king [[Shashanka]], whose reign covered the Bengali era of 594 CE.<ref name= Chakrabarti114/><ref name=meghna/><ref name="Sengupta2011"/> The term ''Bangabda'' (Bangla year) is found too in two Shiva temples many centuries older than [[Akbar]] era, suggesting that a Bengali calendar existed long before Akbar's time.<ref name="Sengupta2011">{{cite book|author=Nitish K. Sengupta|title=Land of Two Rivers: A History of Bengal from the Mahabharata to Mujib|date=2011|publisher=Penguin Books India|isbn=978-0-14-341678-4|pages=96–98}}</ref>
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| Hindus developed a calendar system in ancient times.{{Sfn|Kim Plofker|2009|pp=10, 35–36, 67}} ''Jyotisha'', one of the six ancient [[Vedanga]]s,<ref name=monierwilliamsnijyotisa>{{cite book|author=Monier Monier-Williams|title=A Sanskrit–English Dictionary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_3NWAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA353|year=1923|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=353|access-date=16 April 2017|archive-date=7 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307164257/https://books.google.com/books?id=_3NWAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA353|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=jameslochtefeldsca326>James Lochtefeld (2002), "Jyotisha" in The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Vol. 1: A–M, Rosen Publishing, {{ISBN|0-8239-2287-1}}, pages 326–327</ref> was the Vedic era field of tracking and predicting the movements of astronomical bodies in order to keep time.<ref name=monierwilliamsnijyotisa/><ref name=jameslochtefeldsca326/><ref name="mullerhaslp210">{{cite book|author=Friedrich Max Müller|title=A History of Ancient Sanskrit Literature|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofancient00mlle|year=1860|publisher=Williams and Norgate|pages=[https://archive.org/details/historyofancient00mlle/page/210 210]–215}}</ref> The ancient Indian culture developed a sophisticated time keeping methodology and calendars for Vedic rituals.{{Sfn|Kim Plofker|2009|pp=10, 35–36, 67}}
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| The Hindu Vikrami calendar is named after king [[Vikramaditya]] and starts in 57 BC.<ref>{{cite book|author=Eleanor Nesbitt|title=Sikhism: a Very Short Introduction|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XebnCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA122|year=2016|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-874557-0|pages=122, 142|access-date=16 April 2017|archive-date=15 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415073742/https://books.google.com/books?id=XebnCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA122|url-status=live}}</ref> In rural Bengali communities of India, the Bengali calendar is credited to "Bikromaditto", like many other parts of India and [[Nepal]]. However, unlike these regions where it starts in 57 BC, the Bengali calendar starts from 593 suggesting that the starting reference year was adjusted at some point.<ref name="Klass1978p166">{{cite book|author=[[Morton Klass]]|title=From Field to Factory: Community Structure and Industrialization in West Bengal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XAZ2JBQ2vwsC&pg=PA166|year=1978|publisher=University Press of America|isbn=978-0-7618-0420-8|pages=166–167|access-date=16 April 2017|archive-date=15 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415073743/https://books.google.com/books?id=XAZ2JBQ2vwsC&pg=PA166|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Nicholas2003p13">{{cite book|author=Ralph W. Nicholas|title=Fruits of Worship: Practical Religion in Bengal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yLI7nyI2UVYC&pg=PA13|year=2003|publisher=Orient Blackswan|isbn=978-81-8028-006-1|pages=13–23|access-date=16 April 2017|archive-date=15 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415073750/https://books.google.com/books?id=yLI7nyI2UVYC&pg=PA13|url-status=live}}</ref>
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| Various dynasties whose territories extended into [[Bengal]], prior to the early 13th-century, used the [[Vikrami calendar]]. For example, Buddhist texts and inscriptions created in the [[Pala Empire]] era mention "Vikrama" and the months such as [[Ashvin]], a system found in Sanskrit texts elsewhere in ancient and medieval Indian subcontinent.<ref>{{cite book|author=D. C. Sircar|title=Indian Epigraphy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hXMB3649biQC|year=1965|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|isbn=978-81-208-1166-9|pages=241, 272–273|access-date=17 April 2017|archive-date=15 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415073744/https://books.google.com/books?id=hXMB3649biQC|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Richard Salomon|title=Indian Epigraphy: A Guide to the Study of Inscriptions in Sanskrit, Prakrit, and the Other Indo-Aryan Languages|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t-4RDAAAQBAJ|year=1998|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-509984-3|pages=148, 246–247, 346|access-date=17 April 2017|archive-date=15 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415073744/https://books.google.com/books?id=t-4RDAAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}</ref>
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| Hindu scholars attempted to keep time by observing and calculating the cycles of sun ([[Surya]]), moon and the planets. These calculations about the sun appears in various Sanskrit astronomical texts in [[Sanskrit]], such as the 5th century ''Aryabhatiya'' by [[Aryabhata]], the 6th century ''Romaka'' by Latadeva and ''Panca Siddhantika'' by Varahamihira, the 7th century ''Khandakhadyaka'' by Brahmagupta and the 8th century ''Sisyadhivrddida'' by Lalla.<ref name="Burgess1989vii">{{cite book|author=Ebenezer Burgess|editor=P Ganguly, P Sengupta|title=Sûrya-Siddhânta: A Text-book of Hindu Astronomy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W0Uo_-_iizwC|year=1989|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass (Reprint), Original: Yale University Press, American Oriental Society|isbn=978-81-208-0612-2|pages=vii–xi|access-date=16 April 2017|archive-date=15 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415073744/https://books.google.com/books?id=W0Uo_-_iizwC|url-status=live}}</ref> These texts present Surya and various planets and estimate the characteristics of the respective planetary motion.<ref name="Burgess1989vii"/> Other texts such as ''Surya Siddhanta'' dated to have been complete sometime between the 5th century and 10th century.<ref name="Burgess1989vii"/>
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| The current Bengali calendar in use by Bengali people in the Indian states such as [[West Bengal]], [[Tripura]], [[Assam]] and [[Jharkhand]] is based on the Sanskrit text ''Surya Siddhanta'' and includes the modifications introduced during the reign of [[Shashanka]], the first independent ruler of [[Gauda Kingdom|Gauda]]. The timeline [[Shashanka]] becoming the sovereign ruler of [[Bengal]] rising from a territorial ruler matches with the first year of [[Bangabda]]. It retains the historic Sanskrit names of the months, with the first month as Baishakh.<ref name= Chakrabarti114/> Their calendar remains tied to the Hindu calendar system and is used to set the various Bengali Hindu festivals.<ref name= Chakrabarti114/>
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| ===Influence of Islamic Calendar===
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| Another theory is that the calendar was first developed by [[Alauddin Husain Shah]] (reign 1494–1519), a [[Hussain Shahi dynasty|Hussain Shahi]] sultan of Bengal by combining the lunar [[Islamic calendar]] (Hijri) with the solar calendar, prevalent in Bengal.<ref name="Sengupta2011"/> Yet another theory states that the Sasanka calendar was adopted by Alauddin Husain Shah when he witnessed the difficulty with collecting land revenue by the Hijri calendar.<ref name="Sengupta2011"/>
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| During the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] rule, land taxes were collected from Bengali people according to the Islamic Hijri calendar. This calendar was a lunar calendar, and its new year did not coincide with the solar agricultural cycles. The current Bengali calendar owes its origin in Bengal to the rule of Mughal Emperor [[Akbar]] who adopted it to time the tax year to the harvest. The Bangla year was therewith called ''Bangabda''. Akbar asked the royal astronomer [[Fathullah Shirazi]] to create a new calendar by combining the lunar [[Islamic Calendar|Islamic calendar]] and solar [[Hindu calendar]] already in use, and this was known as ''Fasholi shan'' (harvest calendar). According to some historians, this started the Bengali calendar.<ref name= Chakrabarti114>{{cite book|author1=Kunal Chakrabarti|author2=Shubhra Chakrabarti|title=Historical Dictionary of the Bengalis|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QVOFAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA114|year=2013|publisher=Scarecrow|isbn=978-0-8108-8024-5|pages=114–115|access-date=15 April 2017|archive-date=15 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415073820/https://books.google.com/books?id=QVOFAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA114|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=banglapedia>{{Cite encyclopedia |year=2015 |title=Pahela Baishakh |encyclopedia=Banglapedia |publisher=Asiatic Society of Bangladesh |location=Dhaka, Bangladesh |url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Pahela_Baishakh |access-date=15 April 2017 |archive-date=7 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190907065950/http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Pahela_Baishakh |url-status=live }}</ref> According to Shamsuzzaman Khan, it could be Nawab [[Murshid Quli Khan]], a Mughal governor, who first used the tradition of ''Punyaho'' as "a day for ceremonial land tax collection", and used Akbar's fiscal policy to start the Bangla calendar.<ref name=meghna>{{Cite book |title=The Bangladesh Reader: History, Culture, Politics |last1=Guhathakurta |first1=Meghna |last2=Schendel |first2=Willem van |publisher=Duke University Press |year=2013 |isbn=9780822353188 |pages=17–18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|url=http://time.com/4739604/google-doodle-pohela-boishakh-bangladesh/|title=Google Doodle Celebrates Pohela Boishakh in Bangladesh|magazine=Time|access-date=2017-04-17|archive-date=16 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170416221721/http://time.com/4739604/google-doodle-pohela-boishakh-bangladesh/|url-status=live}}</ref>
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| It is unclear whether it was adopted by Hussain Shah or Akbar. The tradition to use the Bengali calendar may have been started by Hussain Shah before Akbar. <ref name="Sengupta2011"/> According to [[Amartya Sen]], Akbar's official calendar "Tarikh-ilahi" with the zero year of 1556 was a blend of pre-existing Hindu and Islamic calendars. It was not used much in India outside of Akbar's Mughal court, and after his death the calendar he launched was abandoned. However, adds Sen, there are traces of the "Tarikh-ilahi" that survive in the Bengali calendar. <ref>{{cite book|author=Amartya Sen|title=The Argumentative Indian: Writings on Indian History, Culture and Identity|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6bKvAAAAQBAJ|year=2005|publisher=Farrar, Straus and Giroux|isbn=978-0-374-10583-9|pages=319–322}}</ref> Regardless of who adopted the Bengali calendar and the new year, states Sen, it helped collect land taxes after the spring harvest based on traditional Bengali calendar, because the Islamic [[Lunar Hijri calendar|Hijri]] calendar created administrative difficulties in setting the collection date.<ref name="Sengupta2011"/>
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| [[Shamsuzzaman Khan]] wrote, "that it is called Bangla san or saal, which are Arabic and Parsee words respectively, suggests that it was introduced by a Muslim king or sultan."<ref name=meghna/> In contrast, according to Sen, its traditional name is ''Bangabda''.<ref name="Sengupta2011"/><ref>Syed Ashraf Ali, [http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Bangabda Bangabda] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180105070149/http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Bangabda |date=5 January 2018 }}, National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh</ref> In the era of the Akbar, the calendar was called as ''[[Bangladeshi calendar #Akbar's influence|Tarikh-e-Elahi]]'' ({{lang|bn|তারিখ-ই ইলাহি}}). In the "Tarikh-e-Elahi" version of the calendar, each day of the month had a separate name, and the months had different names from what they have now. According to Banglapedia, Akbar's grandson [[Shah Jahan]] reformed the calendar to use a seven-day week that begins on Sunday, and the names of the months were changed at an unknown time to match the month names of the existing [[Saka calendar]].<ref name=Banglapedia/> This calendar is the foundation of the calendar that has been in use by the people of [[Bangladesh]].<ref name="ChakrabartiChakrabarti2013"/><ref name=Banglapedia/><ref name="Sengupta2011"/>
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| ==Bengali calendar==
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| The Bengali calendar used in [[Bangladesh]] is a [[solar calendar]]<ref name="ChakrabartiChakrabarti2013"/><ref name=Banglapedia/> and the one used in [[India]] is a [[lunisolar calendar]].
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| ===Months===
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| {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
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| |-
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| ! Month name<br />([[Bengali language|Bengali]])
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| ! [[Romanization of Bengali|Romanization]]
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| ! style="background: #d5fdd5;" | Days<br />([[Bangladesh]], 1966/1987'''–2018''')
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| ! Days<br />([[Bangladesh]], 2019'''–''')
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| ! Start date (Gregorian)
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| ! style="background: #ffdb99;" | Days<br />([[India]]) (Exact Period in Days)<br />{{Cn|date=November 2021|reason=Weirdly accurate with no ref. Looking for rāśi lengths (sauramāsa) may produce a ref.}}
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| ! Traditional Season<br />in [[Bengal]]
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| ! style="background: #ccccff;" |Month name<br />([[Gregorian calendar]])
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| ! style="background: #ffdb99;" | Month name<br/>([[Vikram Samvat|Hindu Vikrami]] solar)
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| |-
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| |{{lang|bn|বৈশাখ}}
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| |''[[Boishakh]]''
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| | 31
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| | 31
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| | April 14
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| | 30/31 (30.950)
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| | rowspan="2"| {{lang|bn|গ্রীষ্ম}} (''Grishshô'')<br/>[[Summer]]
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| | April–May
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| |[[Mesha (month)|Mesha]]
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| |-
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| |{{lang|bn|জ্যৈষ্ঠ}}
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| |''[[Joishtho|Jyoishţho]]''
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| | 31
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| | 31
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| | May 15
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| | 31/32 (31.429)
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| | May–June
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| |[[Vṛṣabha|Vrshaba]]
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| |-
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| |{{lang|bn|আষাঢ়}}
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| |''[[Asharh|Ashaŗh]]''
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| | 31
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| | 31
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| | June 15
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| | 31/32 (31.638)
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| | rowspan="2"| {{lang|bn|বর্ষা}} (''Bôrsha'')<br/>[[Wet season]]/[[Monsoon]]
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| | June–July
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| |[[Mithuna (month)|Mithuna]]
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| |-
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| |{{lang|bn|শ্রাবণ}}
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| |''[[Srabon|Shrabon]]''
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| | 31
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| | 31
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| | July 16
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| | 31/32 (31.463)
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| | July–August
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| |[[Karkaṭa|Karkataka]]
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| |-
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| |{{lang|bn|ভাদ্র}}
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| |''[[Bhadro]]''
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| | 31
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| | 31
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| | August 16
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| | 31/32 (31.012)
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| | rowspan="2"| {{lang|bn|শরৎ}} (''Shôrôd'')<br/>[[Autumn]]
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| | August–September
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| |[[Siṃha|Simha]]
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| |-
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| |{{lang|bn|আশ্বিন}}
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| |''[[Ashvin|Ashshin]]''
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| | 30
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| | '''31'''
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| | September 16
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| | 30/31 (30.428)
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| | September–October
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| |[[Kanyā|Kanya]]
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| |-
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| |{{lang|bn|কার্তিক}}
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| |''[[Kartik (month)|Kartik]]''
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| | 30
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| | 30
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| | October 17
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| | 29/30 (29.879)
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| | rowspan="2"| {{lang|bn|হেমন্ত}} (''Hemonto'')<br/>[[Dry season]]
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| | October–November
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| |[[Tulā|Tula]]
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| |-
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| |{{lang|bn|অগ্রহায়ণ}}
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| |''[[Ogrohayon|Ôgrohayon]]''
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| | 30
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| | 30
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| | November 16
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| | 29/30<ref>{{cite web|title=পঞ্জিকা ১১৩৬ বঙ্গাব্দ|url=http://www.usingha.com/sal/1136.html|work=usingha.com|access-date=6 January 2022|archive-date=10 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220610112327/http://www.usingha.com/sal/1136.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=পঞ্জিকা ১১৩৭ বঙ্গাব্দ|url=http://www.usingha.com/sal/1137.html|work=usingha.com|access-date=6 January 2022|archive-date=19 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220419104458/http://www.usingha.com/sal/1137.html|url-status=live}}</ref> (29.475)
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| | November–December
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| |[[Vṛścika|Vrschika]]
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| |-
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| |{{lang|bn|পৌষ}}
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| |''[[Poush]]''
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| | 30
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| | 30
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| | December 16
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| | 29/30 (29.310)
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| | rowspan="2"| {{lang|bn|শীত}} (''Sheet'')<br/>[[Winter]]
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| | December–January
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| |[[Dhanu (month)|Dhanu]]
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| |-
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| |{{lang|bn|মাঘ}}
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| |''[[Magh (Bengali calendar)|Magh]]''
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| | 30
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| | 30
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| | January 15
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| | 29/30 (29.457)
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| | January–February
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| |[[Makara (month)|Makara]]
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| |-
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| |{{lang|bn|ফাল্গুন}}
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| |''[[Falgun]]''
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| | 30 / 31 (leap year)
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| |'''29 / 30 (leap year)'''
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| | February 14
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| | 29/30 (29.841)
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| | rowspan="2"| {{lang|bn|বসন্ত}} (''Bôsôntô'')<br/>[[Spring (season)|Spring]]
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| | February–March
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| |[[Kumbha (month)|Kumbha]]
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| |-
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| |{{lang|bn|চৈত্র}}
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| |''[[Choitro]]''
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| | 30
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| | 30
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| | March 15
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| | 30/31 (30.377)
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| | March–April
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| |[[Mīna|Meena]]
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| |}
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| ==== 2018 Revision of Bangladesh ====
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| {{More citations needed section|date=May 2022}}
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| In Bangladesh, the government planned to modify the old Bengali calendar again after 2018.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://samakal.com/todays-print-edition/tp-khobor/article/19042705/%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%9B%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%9F%E0%A6%BE|title=থমকে আছে বাংলা বর্ষপঞ্জি পরিবর্তন প্রক্রিয়া|lang=bn|date=14 April 2019|first=Deepak|last=Nandi|newspaper=Samakal|access-date=1 June 2022|archive-date=2 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702064003/https://samakal.com/todays-print-edition/tp-khobor/article/19042705/%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%9B%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%9F%E0%A6%BE|url-status=live}}</ref> The new changes to match national days with West. As a result of the modification (see table), Kartik will start on Thursday (17-10-2019) and the season of Hemanta is delayed by a day as the revised calendar went into effect from Wednesday (16-10-2019).<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%9C-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%9F%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95|title=বাংলা দিনপঞ্জি বদল, আজ পয়লা কার্তিক|lang=bn|date=17 October 2019|newspaper=Prothom Alo|access-date=1 June 2022|archive-date=4 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220704050201/https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%9C-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%9F%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95|url-status=live}}</ref>
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| The year 1426 is under way in line with the Bengali calendar.
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| The Language Martyrs' Day of 21 February, Independence Day of 26 March and Victory Day of 16 December will fall on Falgun 8, Chaitra 12, and Poush 1, respectively of the Bengali calendar for next 100 years now as they did in the Gregorian calendar years 1952 and 1971, according to new rules. In the old Bengali calendar, 21 February fell on Falgun 9 earlier this year. After the change 16 December will fall on Poush 1, not on the second day of the month.
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| Bengali New Year will also fall on 14 April, Rabindra Joyanti of Baishakh 25 on 8 May and Nazrul Joyanti of Jaishthha 11 on 25 May.
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| The Bengali calendar had been revised twice earlier (see below). Astrophysicist Dr [[Meghnad Saha]] led the first revision in the 1950s ([[Indian national calendar]]) and Dr Muhammad Shahidullah in 1963.
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| ===Days===
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| The Bengali Calendar incorporates the seven-day [[week]] as used by many other calendars. The names of the days of the week in the Bengali Calendar are based on the [[Navagraha]] ({{lang-bn|নবগ্রহ}} ''nôbôgrôhô''). The day begins and ends at sunrise in the Bengali calendar, unlike in the Gregorian calendar, where the day starts at midnight.
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| According to some scholars, in the calendar originally introduced by [[Akbar]] in the year 1584 [[AD]], each day of the month had a different name, but this was cumbersome, and his grandson [[Shah Jahan]] changed this to a 7-day week as in the [[Gregorian calendar]], with the week also starting on a Sunday.<ref name=Banglapedia/>
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| {| class="wikitable" style="width:30%;"
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| |-
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| ! Day name ([[Bengali language|Bengali]])
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| ! [[Romanization of Bengali|Romanization]]
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| ! Divine figure/celestial body
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| ! Day name (English)
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| ! Day name ([[Sylheti language|Sylheti]])
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| ! Day name ([[Rohingya language|Rohingya]])
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| |-
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| |{{lang|bn|রবিবার}}
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| |''Rôbibar''
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| |[[Surya|Robi]]/[[Sun]]
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| |[[Sunday]]
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| |Roibbár
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| |Rooibar
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| |-
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| |{{lang|bn|সোমবার}}
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| |''Sombar''
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| |[[Soma (deity)|Som]]/[[Moon]]
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| |[[Monday]]
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| |Shombár
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| |Cómbar
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| |-
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| |{{lang|bn|মঙ্গলবার}}
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| |''Mônggôlbar''
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| |[[Mangala|Mongol]]/[[Mars]]
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| |[[Tuesday]]
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| |Mongolbár
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| |Mongolbar
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| |-
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| |{{lang|bn|বুধবার}}
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| |''Budhbar''
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| |[[Budha|Budh]]/[[Mercury (planet)|Mercury]]
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| |[[Wednesday]]
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| |Budbár
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| |Buidbar
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| |-
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| |{{lang|bn|বৃহস্পতিবার}}
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| |''Brihôspôtibar''
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| |[[Brihaspati|Brihospoti]]/[[Jupiter]]
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| |[[Thursday]]
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| |Bishudbár
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| |Bicíbbar
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| |-
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| |{{lang|bn|শুক্রবার}}
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| |''Shukrôbar''
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| |[[Shukra|Shukro]]/[[Venus]]
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| |[[Friday]]
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| |Shukkurbár
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| |Cúkkurbar
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| |-
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| |{{lang|bn|শনিবার}}
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| |''Shônibar''
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| |[[Shani|Shoni]]/[[Saturn]]
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| |[[Saturday]]
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| |Shonibár
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| |Cónibar
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| |}
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| ==Traditional and revised versions==
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| [[File:Bengali month Ashar.jpg|thumb|Two versions of the Bengali calendar. Top: the "Traditional version" followed in [[West Bengal]]; Below: the "Revised version" followed in [[Bangladesh]].]]
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| ===Differences===
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| The current Bengali calendar in the Indian states is based on the Sanskrit text ''Surya Siddhanta''. It retains the historic Sanskrit names of the months, with the first month as Baishakh.<ref name= Chakrabarti114/> Their calendar remains tied to the [[Hindu calendar]] system and is used to set the various Bengali Hindu festivals.<ref name= Chakrabarti114/>
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| In Bangladesh, however, the old Bengali calendar was modified in 1966 by a committee headed by [[Muhammad Shahidullah]], making the first five months 31 days long, the rest 30 days each, with the month of Falgun adjusted to 31 days in every leap year.<ref name= Chakrabarti114/> This was officially adopted by Bangladesh in 1987.<ref name= Chakrabarti114/><ref name=Banglapedia>{{cite book|author=Syed Ashraf Ali|chapter=Bangabda|chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Bangabda|title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh|editor=Sirajul Islam|editor2=Ahmed A. Jamal|publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]|year=2012|edition=2nd|access-date=7 July 2015|archive-date=5 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180105070149/http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Bangabda|url-status=live}}</ref>
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| ==See also==
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| * [[Hindu calendar]]
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| * [[Islamic calendar]]
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| * [[Mallabhum#Malla calendar|Malla calendar]]
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| ==References==
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| {{reflist|30em}}
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| ===Bibliography===
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| *{{cite book|author=Kim Plofker|title=Mathematics in India |title-link=Mathematics in India (book) |year=2009 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-12067-6 }}
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| ==External links==
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| * [https://banglacalendar.online/ Official Bengali Calendar]
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| * [https://coochbeharnewsapp.in/bengali-calendar-1430-pdf-download/ বাংলা ক্যালেন্ডার ১৪৩০ পিডিএফ ডাউনলোড করুন with Coochbehar News]
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| *
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| * [https://banglacaption.in/bangla-calendar-2023-bengali-calendar-1430/ বাংলা ক্যালেন্ডার ১৪৩০,pdf ডাউনলোড করুন with Bangala caption]
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| * [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.india.bengalicalender Bengali calendar or বাংলা ক্যালেন্ডার with daily Ponjika]
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| * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080705031023/http://www.virtualbangladesh.com/bangla_year.html Bangla Calendar: The Origin of Bangla new year and celebrating Pahela Baishakh]
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| * [http://www.ponjika.com Bangla Panjikas] according to Surya Siddhanta
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| * [https://bangla.plus/bangladate/ Bangla Date Converter]
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| * [https://bangla.plus/banglacalendar-1425/ Official Bangla Calendar of Bangladesh for 1425]
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| {{Bengali calendar}}
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| {{calendars}}
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| {{Culture of West Bengal}}
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| {{Symbols of Bangladesh}}
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| {{Bangladesh topics}}
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| {{West Bengal topics}}
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| [[Category:Solar calendars]]
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| [[Category:Calendar eras]]
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| [[Category:Bengali calendar| ]]
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| [[Category:Bengali culture|Calendar]]
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| [[Category:History of Bengal|Calendar]]
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| [[Category:Time in India]]
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| [[Category:Time in Bangladesh]]
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