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{{short description|River in India}}
{{for|river with same name in Madhya Pradesh-Uttar Pradesh|Tamsa River}}
{{for|river with same name in Madhya Pradesh-Uttar Pradesh|Tamsa River}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{use Indian English|date=April 2016}}
{{use Indian English|date=April 2016}}
{{short description|River in India}}
{{Infobox river
{{Infobox river
| name              = Tons River
| name              = Tons River
| name_native       = टौंस नदी
| native_name       ={{native name|hi|टौंस नदी}}
| name_native_lang  = hi
| name_other        =
| name_other        =
| etymology        =
| etymology        =
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| extra            =
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}}
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The '''Tons''' (टौंस नदी) is the largest tributary{{Citation needed|date=April 2018}} of the [[Yamuna River|Yamuna]] and flows through [[Garhwal Division|Garhwal]] region in [[Uttarakhand]], touching [[Himachal Pradesh]]. The Tons thrust is named after this river. River Tons is formed at Naitwar, where the Supin coming from Har Ki Dun meets the Rupin, coming from the eastern slopes of hill chains bordering Himachal Preadesh.
The '''Tons''' (टौंस नदी) is the largest tributary of the [[Yamuna River|Yamuna]].<ref>{{Cite book |title=The Indian rivers : scientific and socio-economic aspects |publisher=Springer Hydrogeology |year=2018 |isbn= |editor-last=Singh |editor-first=Dhruv Sen |location=Singapore |pages=416 |oclc=}}</ref> It flows through cultural [[Mahasu (region)|Mahasu region]] in [[Uttarakhand]] and [[Himachal Pradesh]], marking the boundaries of the two states after [[Tyuni]], where the confluence of the Tons and [[Pabbar river|Pabbar]] rivers occurs. The Tons thrust is named after this river.


the main source is Ruinsara snout , located below Dhum Dhar kandi ridge which leads to Kalanag and [[Bandarpunch|Banderpoonch]] and is one of the most major perennial Indian [[Himalaya]]n rivers. In fact, it carries more water than the Yamuna itself, which it meets below Kalsi near [[Dehradun]], Uttarakhand.<ref>[http://www.treknraft.com/adventure_tour_india/lower_tons_river_expedition.htm Tons] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513111434/http://www.treknraft.com/adventure_tour_india/lower_tons_river_expedition.htm |date=13 May 2008 }}</ref><ref name=hy>{{cite book |title=Hydrology and water resources of India- Volume 57 of Water science and technology library - Yamuna River|last=Jain |first=Sharad K.|author2=Pushpendra K. Agarwal |author3=Vijay P. Singh  |year=2007|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-1-4020-5179-1|pages=344–354 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZKs1gBhJSWIC&q=Yamuna+River&pg=RA1-PA345}}</ref>
With its source in the {{convert|20722|ft|m}}<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.peakware.com/peaks.html?pk=2683 | title=Banderpunch | publisher=Peakware | accessdate=9 April 2017 }}</ref> high [[Bandarpunch]] mountain, it is one of the major perennial Indian [[Himalaya]]n rivers. In fact, it carries more water than the Yamuna itself, which it meets below Kalsi near [[Dehradun]], Uttarakhand.<ref>[http://www.treknraft.com/adventure_tour_india/lower_tons_river_expedition.htm Tons] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513111434/http://www.treknraft.com/adventure_tour_india/lower_tons_river_expedition.htm |date=13 May 2008 }}</ref><ref name=hy>{{cite book |title=Hydrology and water resources of India- Volume 57 of Water science and technology library - Yamuna River|last=Jain |first=Sharad K.|author2=Pushpendra K. Agarwal |author3=Vijay P. Singh  |year=2007|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-1-4020-5179-1|pages=344–354 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZKs1gBhJSWIC&q=Yamuna+River&pg=RA1-PA345}}</ref>


==Tons Valley==
==Tons Valley==
Tons Valley lies in [[Jaunsar Bawar]] region, as it emerges from the Himalayas.The cantonment town of [[Chakrata]] is situated between, the Tons and [[Yamuna]] rivers.
Tons Valley lies in [[Jaunsar Bawar]] region, as it emerges from the Himalayas has haridwar on its eastern bank. The cantonment town of [[Chakrata]] is situated between, the Tons and [[Yamuna]] rivers.


[[File:A view of Tons river from near Kalsi,.JPG|thumb|'''The bridge in the picture joins the Jaunsar Bawar region with Dun Valley.
[[File:A view of Tons river from Paonta Sahib,.JPG|thumb|Tons River, flowing near Paonta Sahib, Himachal Pradesh. The bridge seen in the picture links Dehradun (Uttarakhand) with Paonta Sahib (Himachal).]]


==Tributaries==
==Tributaries==


The '''Pabbar River''' is a tributary of the Tons River connecting to it from the west. The Pabbar River is the westernmost river that drains east to the [[Ganges]]. The [[Sutlej River]] is the next watershed over and is the easternmost river that drains west into the [[Indus]].
The Pabbar River is a tributary of the Tons River connecting to it from the west. It is also the westernmost river that drains east to the [[Ganges]]. The [[Sutlej River]] is the next watershed over and is the easternmost river that drains west into the [[Indus]].
River is having siltation problem.
 
The Asan River is another tributary of the Tons that is often named (incorrectly) after this great river as the Tons. The Asan is a confluence of two small river systems, one comprising streams flowing south from the [[Himalayan range]] running from Vikas Nagar towards [[Tehri]] (with [[Mussorie]] in the centre), and the other comprising streams flowing north-west from the lower [[Shiwalik hills]] (that separate [[Dehradun district|Dehradun]] and [[Saharanpur district]]s). The misnomer Tons stands for the river originating from the Mussorie hills, flowing down through Robber's cave, Bijapur canal and [[Tapkeshwar Mahadev]], before emerging into a broad valley behind [[Indian_Military_Academy|IMA]]. This river receives substantial waters from several streams flowing south from the [[Himalayas|Himalayan]] slopes. It goes on west beyond the locality of Premnagar to finally join the streams from the lower [[Shiwaliks]] and flow toward the [[Yamuna]], which it joins near Poanta Sahib. [[Asan barrage]] is constructed just before this confluence.


==Identification with ancient Saraswati river==
==Identification with ancient Saraswati river==


Research <ref>{{Cite web|last=Valdiya|first=K.S.|date=|title=The River Saraswati was a Himalayan-born river|url=http://www.currentscience.ac.in/Volumes/104/01/0042.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130316095950/http://www.currentscience.ac.in/Volumes/104/01/0042.pdf|archive-date=2013-03-16}}</ref> points to the possibility of the ancient Saraswati river having had a source in the glacial waters of the Himalayas. The theory <ref>{{Cite web|first=|title=Tracing The Origin of Saraswati River To Tons and Baspa Rivers {{!}} Physical Geography {{!}} Earth Sciences|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/380650060/Tracing-the-Origin-of-Saraswati-River-to-Tons-and-Baspa-Rivers|url-status=live|access-date=2021-07-29|website=Scribd|language=en}}</ref> states that the Tons river became a tributary of the Yamuna a few thousand years ago following a tectonic event in the Shiwalik range near Sirmaur district of Himachal Pradesh. If this is true, the Tons once ran an independent course somewhat parallel to the Yamuna, running south-west into Haryana where the Yamuna merged into it, and lower down the course into Punjab, where the Sutlej merged into it. This river was then the Saraswati mentioned in the Vedic texts as the greatest of all Indian rivers. However, this is just a theory and is yet to be universally accepted.
Research<ref>{{Cite web|last=Valdiya|first=K.S.|date=|title=The River Saraswati was a Himalayan-born river|url=http://www.currentscience.ac.in/Volumes/104/01/0042.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130316095950/http://www.currentscience.ac.in/Volumes/104/01/0042.pdf|archive-date=2013-03-16}}</ref> points to the possibility of the ancient Saraswati river having had a source in the glacial waters of the Himalayas. The theory<ref>{{Cite web|first=|title=Tracing The Origin of Saraswati River To Tons and Baspa Rivers {{!}} Physical Geography {{!}} Earth Sciences|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/380650060/Tracing-the-Origin-of-Saraswati-River-to-Tons-and-Baspa-Rivers|access-date=2021-07-29|website=Scribd|language=en}}</ref> states that the Tons river became a tributary of the Yamuna a few thousand years ago following a tectonic event in the Shiwalik range near Sirmaur district of Himachal Pradesh. If this is true, the Tons once ran an independent course somewhat parallel to the Yamuna, running south-west into Haryana where the Yamuna merged into it, and lower down the course into Punjab, where the Sutlej merged into it. This river was then the Saraswati mentioned in the Vedic texts as the greatest of all Indian rivers. However, this is just a theory and is yet to be universally accepted.


==Geology==
==Geology==
{{see also|Geology of the Himalaya}}
{{see also|Geology of the Himalaya}}


The top of the Tons river is in the  Himalayan Crystalline complex. It then flows through Tethan Himalaya rocks before connecting to the Pabbar River in the Lesser Himalayan Sequence. The Tons flows into the Yamuna River after crossing into the Sub-Himalaya Sequence.
The top of the Tons river is in the  Himalayan Crystalline complex. It then flows through Tethan Himalaya rocks before connecting to the Pabbar River in the Lesser Himalayan Sequence. The Tons flows into the Yamuna River after crossing into the Sub-Himalaya Sequence.
 
==In Art and Literature==
{{wikisource|Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1839/Crossing the River Tonse by a Jhoola|'Crossing the River Tonse by a Jhoola',<br>a poetical illustration <br >by L. E. L.}}


==In Literature==
An engraving of a painting by William Purser depicting a rope bridge crossing the river in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1839 gave rise to the poetical illustration "Crossing the River Tonse by a Jhoola" by [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]. The poet echoes the three stranded rope in her three-lined verses.<ref>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1839|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=ufpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PA34-IA30|section=picture|year=1838|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}} {{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1839|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=ufpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PA34-IA33|section=poetical illustration|page=41|year=1838|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref>
An engraved plate of a rope bridge crossing in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1839, inspired the poem ''Crossing the River Tonse by a Jhoola'' by [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]] in which the three strands of the rope are echoed by the three-lined verses.
{{wikisource|Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1839/River Tonse|'Crossing the River Tonse by a Jhoola',<br>a poem by L. E. L.}}


==Adventure sports==
==Adventure sports==
Along with [[Ganges]], it has now become a major destination for water-based adventure sports like white-water rafting in Uttarakhand.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://travelnewsindia.com/11-top-destinations-river-rafting-india/|title=11 Top Destinations for River Rafting in India - Travel News India|publisher=travelnewsindia.com |date=2017-02-01}}</ref> You can stay at Jaunsar Bawar region on the banks of the Tons river and enjoy the grade 4 rafting. Typical season for rafting in Tons is till July.
Along with [[Ganges]], it has now become a major destination for water-based adventure sports like white-water rafting in Uttarakhand.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://travelnewsindia.com/11-top-destinations-river-rafting-india/|title=11 Top Destinations for River Rafting in India - Travel News India|publisher=travelnewsindia.com |date=2017-02-01}}</ref> Visitors can stay at Jaunsar Bawar region on the banks of the Tons river and enjoy the grade 4 rafting. The typical season for rafting in Tons is until July.


==See also==
==See also==
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[[Category:Rivers of Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Rivers of Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Valleys of Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Valleys of Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Rivers of India]]

Latest revision as of 17:07, 8 March 2026


For river with same name in Madhya Pradesh-Uttar Pradesh, see Tamsa River.

Tons River
Mohuna village, Deobun, Northwest of Landour - 1850s
Native nameटौंस नदी  (Hindi)
Location
CountryIndia
Physical characteristics
Source 
 • locationBandarpunch, Uttarakhand
Mouth 
 • location
Dehradun, Uttarakhand
Discharge 
 • locationYamuna

The Tons (टौंस नदी) is the largest tributary of the Yamuna.[1] It flows through cultural Mahasu region in Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh, marking the boundaries of the two states after Tyuni, where the confluence of the Tons and Pabbar rivers occurs. The Tons thrust is named after this river.

With its source in the 20,722 feet (6,316 m)[2] high Bandarpunch mountain, it is one of the major perennial Indian Himalayan rivers. In fact, it carries more water than the Yamuna itself, which it meets below Kalsi near Dehradun, Uttarakhand.[3][4]

Tons Valley[edit | edit source]

Tons Valley lies in Jaunsar Bawar region, as it emerges from the Himalayas has haridwar on its eastern bank. The cantonment town of Chakrata is situated between, the Tons and Yamuna rivers.

Tons River, flowing near Paonta Sahib, Himachal Pradesh. The bridge seen in the picture links Dehradun (Uttarakhand) with Paonta Sahib (Himachal).

Tributaries[edit | edit source]

The Pabbar River is a tributary of the Tons River connecting to it from the west. It is also the westernmost river that drains east to the Ganges. The Sutlej River is the next watershed over and is the easternmost river that drains west into the Indus.

The Asan River is another tributary of the Tons that is often named (incorrectly) after this great river as the Tons. The Asan is a confluence of two small river systems, one comprising streams flowing south from the Himalayan range running from Vikas Nagar towards Tehri (with Mussorie in the centre), and the other comprising streams flowing north-west from the lower Shiwalik hills (that separate Dehradun and Saharanpur districts). The misnomer Tons stands for the river originating from the Mussorie hills, flowing down through Robber's cave, Bijapur canal and Tapkeshwar Mahadev, before emerging into a broad valley behind IMA. This river receives substantial waters from several streams flowing south from the Himalayan slopes. It goes on west beyond the locality of Premnagar to finally join the streams from the lower Shiwaliks and flow toward the Yamuna, which it joins near Poanta Sahib. Asan barrage is constructed just before this confluence.

Identification with ancient Saraswati river[edit | edit source]

Research[5] points to the possibility of the ancient Saraswati river having had a source in the glacial waters of the Himalayas. The theory[6] states that the Tons river became a tributary of the Yamuna a few thousand years ago following a tectonic event in the Shiwalik range near Sirmaur district of Himachal Pradesh. If this is true, the Tons once ran an independent course somewhat parallel to the Yamuna, running south-west into Haryana where the Yamuna merged into it, and lower down the course into Punjab, where the Sutlej merged into it. This river was then the Saraswati mentioned in the Vedic texts as the greatest of all Indian rivers. However, this is just a theory and is yet to be universally accepted.

Geology[edit | edit source]

See also: Geology of the Himalaya

The top of the Tons river is in the Himalayan Crystalline complex. It then flows through Tethan Himalaya rocks before connecting to the Pabbar River in the Lesser Himalayan Sequence. The Tons flows into the Yamuna River after crossing into the Sub-Himalaya Sequence.

In Art and Literature[edit | edit source]

An engraving of a painting by William Purser depicting a rope bridge crossing the river in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1839 gave rise to the poetical illustration "Crossing the River Tonse by a Jhoola" by Letitia Elizabeth Landon. The poet echoes the three stranded rope in her three-lined verses.[7]

Adventure sports[edit | edit source]

Along with Ganges, it has now become a major destination for water-based adventure sports like white-water rafting in Uttarakhand.[8] Visitors can stay at Jaunsar Bawar region on the banks of the Tons river and enjoy the grade 4 rafting. The typical season for rafting in Tons is until July.

See also[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ Singh, Dhruv Sen, ed. (2018). The Indian rivers : scientific and socio-economic aspects. Singapore: Springer Hydrogeology. p. 416.
  2. ↑ "Banderpunch". Peakware. Retrieved 9 April 2017.
  3. ↑ Tons Archived 13 May 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  4. ↑ Jain, Sharad K.; Pushpendra K. Agarwal; Vijay P. Singh (2007). Hydrology and water resources of India- Volume 57 of Water science and technology library - Yamuna River. Springer. pp. 344–354. ISBN 978-1-4020-5179-1.
  5. ↑ Valdiya, K.S. "The River Saraswati was a Himalayan-born river" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 March 2013.
  6. ↑ "Tracing The Origin of Saraswati River To Tons and Baspa Rivers | Physical Geography | Earth Sciences". Scribd. Retrieved 29 July 2021.
  7. ↑ Landon, Letitia Elizabeth (1838). "picture". Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1839. Fisher, Son & Co. Landon, Letitia Elizabeth (1838). "poetical illustration". Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1839. Fisher, Son & Co. p. 41.
  8. ↑ "11 Top Destinations for River Rafting in India - Travel News India". travelnewsindia.com. 1 February 2017.

External links[edit | edit source]

30°29′49″N 77°48′06″E / 30.49694°N 77.80167°E / 30.49694; 77.80167

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