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{{Other uses|Shri Mataji Nirmala Devi}}
{{Short description|Indian actress}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2016}}
{{for|the Indian freestyle wrestler|Nirmala Devi (wrestler)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{More citations needed|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox person
{{Infobox person
| name              = Nirmala Devi
| name              = Nirmala Devi
| image              =  
| image              = Filmindia194208unse 0815.jpg
| birthname          = Nazeem
| caption            = Nirmala in ''[[Sharda (1942 film)|Sharda]]'' (1942)
| birthname          =  
| birth_date        = {{birth date|df=yes|1927|06|07}}
| birth_date        = {{birth date|df=yes|1927|06|07}}
| birth_place        = [[Varanasi|Benares]], [[Benares State]], [[British India]]
| birth_place        = [[Varanasi|Benares]], [[Benares State]], [[British Raj|British India]] (present-day [[Varanasi]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]])
| death_date        = {{death date and age|df=yes|1996|06|15|1927|6|07}}
| death_date        = {{death date and age|df=yes|1996|06|15|1927|6|07}}
| death_place        = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
| death_place        = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
| occupation        = Vocalist, Actress
| occupation        = Vocalist, Actress, Singer
| yearsactive        =  
| yearsactive        =  
| spouse            = {{marriage|[[Arun Kumar Ahuja]]|1942|1966|end=d.}}
| spouse            = [[Arun Kumar Ahuja]]
| children          = 5 (including [[Govinda (actor)|Govinda]])
| children          = 5 (including [[Govinda (actor)|Govinda]])
| relatives          = [[List of Hindi film families#Ahuja Family (Govinda's Family)|Ahuja family]]
}}
}}
'''Nirmala Devi''' (7 June 1927 {{endash}} 15 June 1996) also known as '''Dulari''', was an Indian actress in the 1940s and a [[Hindustani classical music|Hindustani classical]] vocalist of the [[Patiala Gharana]].<ref>{{cite book
|title=Ṭhumrī in historical and stylistic perspectives
|last=Manuel
|first=Peter Lamarche
|page=90
|year=1990
|publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]]
|isbn=978-81-208-0673-3
}}</ref><ref>{{cite book
|title=Music in India: the classical traditions
|last=Wade
|first=Bonnie C.
|page=178
|year=1987
|publisher=Riverdale Company
|isbn=978-0-913215-25-8
}}</ref><ref>{{cite book
|title=Tradition of Hindustani music
|last=Sharma
|first=Manorma
|page=114
|year=2006
|publisher=APH Publishing
|isbn=978-81-7648-999-7
}}</ref><ref>{{cite book
|title=Political socialization of students
|last=Singh
|first=Manjit
|page=24
|year=1992
|publisher=Deep & Deep Publications
|isbn=978-81-7100-404-1
}}</ref> [[Bollywood]] actor [[Govinda (actor)|Govinda]] is her son.


'''Nazeem''',<ref>{{Cite web|title=Govinda About|url=https://www.indiaforums.com/person/govinda_80/biography|access-date=2021-09-26|website=India Forums|language=en}}</ref> also known as '''Nirmala Arun''' (7 June 1927 {{endash}} 15 June 1996), was an [[India]]n film actress in the 1940s and a [[Hindustani classical music|Hindustani classical]] vocalist of the [[Patiala Gharana]].<ref>{{cite book
==Early life==
  | title=Ṭhumrī in historical and stylistic perspectives
Nirmala Devi was born as Nazim on 7 June 1927, in [[Varanasi]] (then known as Banares), [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=दुबे |first=स्नेहा |date=2024-07-05 |title=जन्म से मुस्लिम, धर्म से हिंदू और कर्म से साध्वी थीं गोविंदा की मां, जानें कौन थीं वो |url=https://www.abplive.com/entertainment/bollywood/govinda-mother-nirmala-devi-was-a-muslim-married-hindu-and-became-sadhvi-know-everything-about-singer-actress-2730201 |access-date=2024-08-03 |website=www.abplive.com |language=hi}}</ref> Her father was Vasudev Narayan Singh, a well known [[Hindus|Hindu]] tabla maestro in Varanasi of that time. However, Nirmala was raised as a [[Muslims|Muslim]] by her aunt Mannan Jan, who was a ''[[tawaif]]'' by profession.{{sfn|Dewan|2023|p=449}} Nirmala's siblings include musician [[Lachhu Maharaj (musician)|Lachhu Maharaj]] and actress [[Kumkum (actress)|Kumkum]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jha |first=Subhash K. |title='I was really fond of Kumkum' |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/i-was-really-fond-of-kumkum/20200729.htm |access-date=2025-03-24 |website=Rediff |language=en}}</ref>
  | last=Manuel | first=Peter Lamarche | page=90 |year=1990
  | publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]] |isbn=978-81-208-0673-3}}
</ref><ref>{{cite book
  | title=Music in India: the classical traditions
  | last=Wade | first=Bonnie C. | page=178 | year=1987
  | publisher=Riverdale Company |isbn=978-0-913215-25-8}}
</ref><ref>{{cite book
  | title=Tradition of Hindustani music
  | last=Sharma | first=Manorma | page=114 |year=2006
  | publisher=APH Publishing |isbn=978-81-7648-999-7}}
</ref><ref>{{cite book
  | title=Political socialization of students
  | last=Singh | first=Manjit | page=24 |year=1992
  | publisher=Deep & Deep Publications |isbn=978-81-7100-404-1}}
</ref> She is the mother of [[Bollywood]] actor [[Govinda (actor)|Govinda]].


Nirmala Devi was the wife of the 1940s actor [[Arun Kumar Ahuja]]. She has five children, including Indian film actor [[Govinda (actor)|Govinda]] and film director Kirti Kumar. She died in 1996.
At a young age, Nirmala was enrolled by her aunt into music classes from Ustad Ata Mohammad Khan of the [[Patiala gharana]], who had previously taught high-profile figures such as [[Begum Akhtar]].{{sfn|Dewan|2023|p=449–450}}


==Personal life==
== Career ==
Nirmala Devi was born as Nazeem on 7 June 1927, in the holy city of [[Varanasi]] (then known as Banares), [[Uttar Pradesh]] to a [[Muslims|Muslim]] family. She was married to actor [[Arun Kumar Ahuja]] in 1942, after [[List of converts to Hinduism from Islam|converting to Hinduism from Islam]] and changed her name to Nirmala Arun.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Birthday Special: अभिनेता Govinda की मां थीं मुस्लिम, शादी करने के बाद बदला था धर्म और नाम|url=https://www.patrika.com/bollywood-news/actor-govinda-mother-was-changed-religion-and-name-after-marriage-6585725/|access-date=2021-09-26|website=Patrika News|language=hindi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Khullar|first=Darshan|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=3QmqCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA106&lpg=PA106&dq=did+govinda+mother+converted+to+hinduism&source=bl&ots=53OuY7cPP2&sig=ACfU3U3sc7EkXxhsawhhcDHS6_ajA9C6yg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjCw_nl3ZzzAhUy73MBHWYIA28Q6AF6BAgNEAM|title=Pakistan Our Difficult Neighbour and India's Islamic Dimensions|date=2014-09-30|publisher=Vij Books India Pvt Ltd|isbn=978-93-82652-82-3|language=en}}</ref> They had 6 children, 4 daughters and 2 sons. The sons are Indian film actor [[Govinda (actor)|Govinda]] and film director Kirti Kumar. Nirmala took to acting during the period of her betrothal and her first film to be released was ‘Savera’ (meaning ‘Dawn), with husband Arun as co-star.
Nirmala made her film debut in ''[[Savera (1942 film)|Savera]]'' (1942), with actor [[Arun Kumar Ahuja]] as co-star. She went on to marry him the same year. Nirmala subsequently starred in ''[[Sharda (1942 film)|Sharda]]'' (1942) and ''[[Gaali]]'' (1944). The latter, also featuring [[Karan Dewan]], was a popular release.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Patel |first=Baburao |url=http://archive.org/details/filmindia194511unse |title=FilmIndia (1945) |date=1945 |publisher=Bombay |others=New York The Museum of Modern Art Library |pages=44 |language=en}}</ref> In 1945, she played [[Motilal (actor)|Motilal]]'s leading lady in [[S. M. Yusuf]]'s ''Piya Milan'', in which [[Baburao Patel]] described her as the only good performer in the film.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Patel |first=Baburao |url=http://archive.org/details/filmindia194511unse |title=FilmIndia (1945) |date=1945 |publisher=Bombay |others=New York The Museum of Modern Art Library |pages=288 |language=en}}</ref> She received similar reviews for her performance in [[Nanabhai Bhatt]]'s comedy ''[[Chalis Karod]]'' (1946).<ref>{{Cite book |url=http://archive.org/details/filmindia194814unse |title=FilmIndia (1946) |date=1946 |publisher=Bombay |others=New York The Museum of Modern Art Library |pages=377}}</ref>


Nirmala Devi died on 15 June 1996, at the age of 69, in Mumbai.
In 1948, she reunited with her husband in their home production, ''Sehra'', which was unsuccessful at the box office.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Premchand |first=Manek |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZJCBDwAAQBAJ&pg=RA2-PT326 |title=Yesterday's Melodies Today's Memories |date=2018-12-27 |publisher=Notion Press |isbn=978-1-64429-877-0 |language=en}}</ref> Her subsequent release ''[[Anmol Ratan]]'' (1950) also turned out to be a critical and commercial failure.<ref name=TMPM>{{cite journal|title=Film Review - Anmol Rattan (1950 film) (scroll down to page 15 of 29)|journal=The Motion Picture Magazine|date=November 1950|volume=14|issue=11|pages=15|url=http://hindi-films-songs.com/books/Motion-Picture-Magazine-November-1950.pdf|access-date=30 June 2025|ref=hindi-films-songs.com-Surjit Singh}}</ref> Nirmala's final screen appearance was in ''Jai Mahalakshmi'' (1951).{{sfn|Dewan|2023|p=455–456}}


==Play Back Singer==
Before Govinda started working in films, Nirmala was the sole earning member of her family.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dhingra |first=Satish Chandra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zH_1EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA73 |title=Baaten Beete Kal ki Yaani Kisse Bollywood Ke |date=2024-02-16 |publisher=BFC Publications |isbn=978-93-5764-813-4 |language=hi}}</ref>
Credited as Nirmala
 
* ''Savera'' (1942)
== Personal life and death ==
* ''Sharda''
Nirmala Devi was raised as a Muslim. In 1942, she converted to [[Hinduism]] and eloped with her first co-star, [[Arun Kumar Ahuja]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2023-01-19 |title=Did Govinda Share Rocky Relationship With Father Arun Kumar Ahuja? |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/did-govinda-share-rocky-relationship-with-father-arun-kumar-ahuja-6868357.html |access-date=2024-08-03 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=पैदा होते ही गोविंदा को बेटा मानने से इनकार कर बैठे थे पिता अरुण, हैरान कर देगी इसके पीछे की वजह |url=https://www.amarujala.com/photo-gallery/entertainment/govinda-father-arun-kumar-ahuja-birthday-special-know-unknown-facts-about-actors-life-family-and-career-2023-01-16 |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar Singh |first=Suneet |date=2021-08-03 |title=कांग्रेस नेता नगमा से गोविंदा तक, मुस्लिम फैमिली से हैं इन 7 हिंदू एक्टर्स की मां |url=https://www.jansatta.com/photos/picture-gallery/hundu-actors-muslim-mother-congress-mp-nagma-to-govida-and-sanjay-dutt-these-7-actors-take-birth-from-islamic-mom/1789996/ |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=Jansatta |language=hi}}</ref> The marriage was opposed by her aunt Mannan Jan; Nirmala ultimately severed ties with her aunt.{{sfn|Dewan|2023|p=456}}
* ''Kanoon''
 
* ''Geet''  
Nirmala and Arun had five children: three daughters—Padma, Kamini and Pushpa—and two sons—Kirti and Govinda.
 
Nirmala died on 15 June 1996, at the age of 69, in Mumbai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=When Govinda's Mother Predicted His Stardom And Her Own Death |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/when-govindas-mother-predicted-his-stardom-and-her-own-death-8888575.html |access-date=2025-07-02 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-11-22 |title=Govinda: One day mummy predicted her own death to me |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/govinda-one-day-mummy-predicted-her-own-death-to-me/articleshow/45230262.cms |access-date=2025-07-02 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
 
==Work==
===As actor===
Source:{{sfn|Dewan|2023|p=455–456}}
* ''[[Savera (1942 film)|Savera]]'' (1942)
* ''Sharda'' (1942)
* ''Kanoon'' (1943)
* ''[[Geet (1944 film)|Geet]]'' (1944)
* ''[[Gaali]]'' (1944)
* ''[[Gaali]]'' (1944)
* ''Sehra''
* ''Jeevan'' (1944)
* ''Janamashtami''
* ''Piya Milan'' (1945)
Credited as Nirmala Devi
* ''[[Chalis Karod]]'' (1946) as Muniya
* ''Ghunghat'' (1946)
* ''Sehra'' (1948) — produced by her husband<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0wY6AQAAIAAJ |title=Asian Film Directory and Who's who |date=1952 |pages=197 |language=en}}</ref>
* ''Janamashtami'' (1950)
* ''[[Anmol Ratan]]'' (1950)
* ''Jai Mahalakshmi'' (1951)
 
===As playback singer===
* ''[[Ram Teri Ganga Maili]]'' (1985)
* ''[[Ram Teri Ganga Maili]]'' (1985)
* ''[[Bawarchi]]'' (1972)
* ''[[Bawarchi]]'' (1972) – one of the performers on the track "Bhor Aai Gaya Andhiyara"
* ''Zara Bachke'' (1959)
* ''Zara Bachke'' (1959)
* ''Shama Parwana'' (1954)
* ''Shama Parwana'' (1954)


==Soundtrack==
===Music albums===
* ''[[Bawarchi]]'' (1972) - one of the performers on the track "Bhor Aai Gaya Andhiyara"
Genre: Hindustani Classical / Music Label: [[Saregama|His Master's Voice]]
 
==Filmography==
Credited as Nirmala
* ''[[Savera]]'' (1942)
* ''Sharda''
* ''Kanoon''
*''[[Geet (1944 film)|Geet]]''
* ''[[Gaali]]'' (1944)
*''[[Chalis Karod]]'' (1946)
* ''Sehra''
* ''Janamashtami''
* ''[[Anmol Ratan]]'' (1950)
 
==Music albums==
Genre - Hindustani Classical - Music Label - HMV (His Master's Voice Ltd, now known as SAREGAMA, India)
   
   
Singles:
'''Singles:'''
* ''Banaa Banaa Ke Tamanaa & Gham Ki Nishani'' (Ghazal)
* ''Banaa Banaa Ke Tamanaa & Gham Ki Nishani'' (Ghazal)
* ''Jaadu Bhare Tore Nainava Ram & Mori Baali Umar Beeti Jaye'' (Thumri)
* ''Jaadu Bhare Tore Nainava Ram & Mori Baali Umar Beeti Jaye'' (Thumri)


Full Albums:
'''Full Albums:'''
* ''Saavan Beetaa Jaye'' (Thumri) (With Ms Laxmi Shankar, contemporary singer)
* ''Saavan Beetaa Jaye'' (Thumri) (With Ms Laxmi Shankar, contemporary singer)
* ''Weekend Pleasure'' (Thumri)  
* ''Weekend Pleasure'' (Thumri)  
Line 85: Line 107:
* ''Laakhon Ke Bol Sahe'' (Thumri)
* ''Laakhon Ke Bol Sahe'' (Thumri)
* ''Ghazals by Nirmala Devi'' (Ghazal)
* ''Ghazals by Nirmala Devi'' (Ghazal)
==Bibliography==
* {{Cite book |last=Dewan |first=Saba |title=Tawaifnama |title-link= |date=2023-11-03 |publisher=Context |isbn=978-93-95073-59-2}}


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
*{{IMDb name|0222469}}


{{authority control}}
{{authority control}}
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[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian singers]]
[[Category:Singers from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Singers from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Women Hindustani musicians]]
[[Category:Women Hindustani musicians]]
[[Category:Indian Hindus]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women singers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women singers]]
[[Category:Women musicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Women musicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
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[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:20th-century Khyal singers]]
[[Category:20th-century Khyal singers]]
[[Category:Converts to Hinduism from Islam]]
[[Category:Converts to Hinduism from Sunni Islam]]
[[Category:Indian former Sunni Muslims]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts]]

Latest revision as of 23:47, 14 February 2026


For the Indian freestyle wrestler, see Nirmala Devi (wrestler).

Nirmala Devi
Nirmala in Sharda (1942)
Born(1927-06-07)7 June 1927
Benares, Benares State, British India (present-day Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India)
Died15 June 1996(1996-06-15) (aged 69)
Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
OccupationVocalist, Actress, Singer
Spouse(s)Arun Kumar Ahuja
Children5 (including Govinda)
RelativesAhuja family

Nirmala Devi (7 June 1927 – 15 June 1996) also known as Dulari, was an Indian actress in the 1940s and a Hindustani classical vocalist of the Patiala Gharana.[1][2][3][4] Bollywood actor Govinda is her son.

Early life[edit | edit source]

Nirmala Devi was born as Nazim on 7 June 1927, in Varanasi (then known as Banares), Uttar Pradesh.[5] Her father was Vasudev Narayan Singh, a well known Hindu tabla maestro in Varanasi of that time. However, Nirmala was raised as a Muslim by her aunt Mannan Jan, who was a tawaif by profession.[6] Nirmala's siblings include musician Lachhu Maharaj and actress Kumkum.[7]

At a young age, Nirmala was enrolled by her aunt into music classes from Ustad Ata Mohammad Khan of the Patiala gharana, who had previously taught high-profile figures such as Begum Akhtar.[8]

Career[edit | edit source]

Nirmala made her film debut in Savera (1942), with actor Arun Kumar Ahuja as co-star. She went on to marry him the same year. Nirmala subsequently starred in Sharda (1942) and Gaali (1944). The latter, also featuring Karan Dewan, was a popular release.[9] In 1945, she played Motilal's leading lady in S. M. Yusuf's Piya Milan, in which Baburao Patel described her as the only good performer in the film.[10] She received similar reviews for her performance in Nanabhai Bhatt's comedy Chalis Karod (1946).[11]

In 1948, she reunited with her husband in their home production, Sehra, which was unsuccessful at the box office.[12] Her subsequent release Anmol Ratan (1950) also turned out to be a critical and commercial failure.[13] Nirmala's final screen appearance was in Jai Mahalakshmi (1951).[14]

Before Govinda started working in films, Nirmala was the sole earning member of her family.[15]

Personal life and death[edit | edit source]

Nirmala Devi was raised as a Muslim. In 1942, she converted to Hinduism and eloped with her first co-star, Arun Kumar Ahuja.[16][17][18] The marriage was opposed by her aunt Mannan Jan; Nirmala ultimately severed ties with her aunt.[19]

Nirmala and Arun had five children: three daughters—Padma, Kamini and Pushpa—and two sons—Kirti and Govinda.

Nirmala died on 15 June 1996, at the age of 69, in Mumbai.[20][21]

Work[edit | edit source]

As actor[edit | edit source]

Source:[14]

  • Savera (1942)
  • Sharda (1942)
  • Kanoon (1943)
  • Geet (1944)
  • Gaali (1944)
  • Jeevan (1944)
  • Piya Milan (1945)
  • Chalis Karod (1946) as Muniya
  • Ghunghat (1946)
  • Sehra (1948) — produced by her husband[22]
  • Janamashtami (1950)
  • Anmol Ratan (1950)
  • Jai Mahalakshmi (1951)

As playback singer[edit | edit source]

  • Ram Teri Ganga Maili (1985)
  • Bawarchi (1972) – one of the performers on the track "Bhor Aai Gaya Andhiyara"
  • Zara Bachke (1959)
  • Shama Parwana (1954)

Music albums[edit | edit source]

Genre: Hindustani Classical / Music Label: His Master's Voice

Singles:

  • Banaa Banaa Ke Tamanaa & Gham Ki Nishani (Ghazal)
  • Jaadu Bhare Tore Nainava Ram & Mori Baali Umar Beeti Jaye (Thumri)

Full Albums:

  • Saavan Beetaa Jaye (Thumri) (With Ms Laxmi Shankar, contemporary singer)
  • Weekend Pleasure (Thumri)
  • Thumriyan by Nirmala Devi (Thumri)
  • Laakhon Ke Bol Sahe (Thumri)
  • Ghazals by Nirmala Devi (Ghazal)

Bibliography[edit | edit source]

  • Dewan, Saba (3 November 2023). Tawaifnama. Context. ISBN 978-93-95073-59-2.

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ Manuel, Peter Lamarche (1990). Ṭhumrī in historical and stylistic perspectives. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 90. ISBN 978-81-208-0673-3.
  2. ↑ Wade, Bonnie C. (1987). Music in India: the classical traditions. Riverdale Company. p. 178. ISBN 978-0-913215-25-8.
  3. ↑ Sharma, Manorma (2006). Tradition of Hindustani music. APH Publishing. p. 114. ISBN 978-81-7648-999-7.
  4. ↑ Singh, Manjit (1992). Political socialization of students. Deep & Deep Publications. p. 24. ISBN 978-81-7100-404-1.
  5. ↑ दुबे, स्नेहा (5 July 2024). "जन्म से मुस्लिम, धर्म से हिंदू और कर्म से साध्वी थीं गोविंदा की मां, जानें कौन थीं वो". www.abplive.com (in हिन्दी). Retrieved 3 August 2024.
  6. ↑ Dewan 2023, p. 449.
  7. ↑ Jha, Subhash K. "'I was really fond of Kumkum'". Rediff. Retrieved 24 March 2025.
  8. ↑ Dewan 2023, p. 449–450.
  9. ↑ Patel, Baburao (1945). FilmIndia (1945). New York The Museum of Modern Art Library. Bombay. p. 44.
  10. ↑ Patel, Baburao (1945). FilmIndia (1945). New York The Museum of Modern Art Library. Bombay. p. 288.
  11. ↑ FilmIndia (1946). New York The Museum of Modern Art Library. Bombay. 1946. p. 377.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  12. ↑ Premchand, Manek (27 December 2018). Yesterday's Melodies Today's Memories. Notion Press. ISBN 978-1-64429-877-0.
  13. ↑ "Film Review - Anmol Rattan (1950 film) (scroll down to page 15 of 29)" (PDF). The Motion Picture Magazine. 14 (11): 15. November 1950. Retrieved 30 June 2025.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Dewan 2023, p. 455–456.
  15. ↑ Dhingra, Satish Chandra (16 February 2024). Baaten Beete Kal ki Yaani Kisse Bollywood Ke (in हिन्दी). BFC Publications. ISBN 978-93-5764-813-4.
  16. ↑ "Did Govinda Share Rocky Relationship With Father Arun Kumar Ahuja?". News18. 19 January 2023. Retrieved 3 August 2024.
  17. ↑ "पैदा होते ही गोविंदा को बेटा मानने से इनकार कर बैठे थे पिता अरुण, हैरान कर देगी इसके पीछे की वजह". Amar Ujala (in हिन्दी). Retrieved 30 June 2025.
  18. ↑ Kumar Singh, Suneet (3 August 2021). "कांग्रेस नेता नगमा से गोविंदा तक, मुस्लिम फैमिली से हैं इन 7 हिंदू एक्टर्स की मां". Jansatta (in हिन्दी). Retrieved 30 June 2025.
  19. ↑ Dewan 2023, p. 456.
  20. ↑ "When Govinda's Mother Predicted His Stardom And Her Own Death". News18. Retrieved 2 July 2025.
  21. ↑ "Govinda: One day mummy predicted her own death to me". The Times of India. 22 November 2014. ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved 2 July 2025.
  22. ↑ Asian Film Directory and Who's who. 1952. p. 197.

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