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| {{Short description|Bir Uttam recipient & Bangladeshi freedom fighter}}
| | #REDIRECT [[Mohammad Ziauddin (officer)]] |
| {{Infobox military person
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| | name = Lieutenant Colonel Mohammad Ziauddin
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| | birth_name = Mohammad Ziauddin
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| | native_name = মোহাম্মদ জিয়াউদ্দিন
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| | native_name_lang = bn
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| | nickname = Bachchi
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| | birth_date = {{Birth date|1939|11|22}}
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| | birth_place = Harbang, Chakaria, [[Cox's Bazar]], [[British India]]
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| | allegiance = {{ubl|Pakistan (before 1971)|Bangladesh}}
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| | alma_mater = {{ubl|[[Chittagong Collegiate School and College|Chittagong Collegiate School]]<br />[[PAF College Sargodha]]<br />[[ Pakistan Military Academy]] [[PAF College Sargodha]]|[[Pakistan Military Academy]]}}
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| | unit = [[East Bengal Regiment]]
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| | serviceyears = {{ubl|[[Pakistan Army]] (1960-1971)|[[Bangladesh Army]] (1971-1974)}}
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| | servicenumber = B.A.-6489
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| | rank = [[Lieutenant Colonel]]
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| | battles = [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]], [[Bangladesh Liberation War]]
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| | awards = [[Bir Uttom]]<ref>[http://www.molwa.gov.bd/site/page/3f3b7628-3ac7-4927-bf6f-c9203fae601f/Bir-Uttam Bangladesh Gazette of 15 December, 1973; Ministry of Liberation War Affairs]</ref>
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| | relations = {{ubl|[[Fazlul Karim (lawyer)|Fazlul Karim]] (uncle)| Flying Officer Waleed Ehsanul Karim Shaheed (cousin)| Col. Dr. Mohammad Mafzalur Rahman (uncle)}}
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| }} | | }} |
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| '''Mohammad Ziauddin''' ({{lang-bn|মোহাম্মদ জিয়াউদ্দিন}}), [[Bir Uttom|BU]] (November 22, 1939) is a retired Bangladeshi military officer, who was the Commanding Officer of the 1st East Bengal Regiment during the [[Bangladesh Liberation War]]. He was awarded the [[Bir Uttom]], the country's second highest gallantry award (and the highest military award for living military personnel) for his outstanding bravery in the Liberation War. His certificate number was 22.<ref>{{Cite web |title=List of Bir Uttoms in 1971 |url=http://www.molwa.gov.bd/site/page/3f3b7628-3ac7-4927-bf6f-c9203fae601f/Bir-Uttam |url-status=live |access-date=27 October 2022 |website=[[Ministry of Liberation War Affairs]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Bangladesh Government Gazettes|date=15 December 1973|publisher=Ministry of Defense, Government of Bangladesh|location=Dhaka|page=Gazettes No-8/25/D-1/72-1378}}</ref>
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| Ziauddin was the first Brigade Commander of the [[46th Independent Infantry Brigade]], Dhaka. He was a close associate of Colonel [[Abu Taher]]; who were known for their socialist views.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Franda |first1=Marcus F. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GfEQAAAAMAAJ&q=Colonel+Mohammad+Ziauddin |title=Bangladesh, the First Decade |last2=Franda |first2=Marcus F. |date=1982 |publisher=South Asian Publishers |isbn=978-0-88333-006-7 |pages=240 |language=en}}</ref>
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| ==Early life==
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| Ziauddin was born in the village of Harbang of [[Chakaria Upazila]], [[Cox's Bazar District]] on 22 November 1939. His father was Mohammad Quasem and mother was Majida Khatun.
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| ==Career==
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| === Bangladesh Liberation War ===
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| When the [[Bangladesh Liberation War]] started, Ziauddin deserted Pakistan Army with Major [[Abu Taher]], Major [[Muhammed Abul Manzur]], and Captain [[Bazlul Ghani Patwari]] from [[Abbottabad Cantonment|Abbottabad cantonment]] crossing the border to Devigarh in India on 25 July 1971 and reached Delhi on 27 July.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 January 2014 |title=Clandestine killings in the Bangladesh Army |url=https://www.observerbd.com/2014/01/21/2073.php |access-date=27 October 2022 |website=[[The Daily Observer (Bangladesh)]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Lifschultz |first=Lawrence |date=2014-02-22 |title=The murder of Major General Abul Manzur, Bir Uttam |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/the-murder-of-major-general-abul-manzur-bir-uttam-12397 |access-date=2022-10-27 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> Ziauddin and others reached Calcutta on August 7. He was then given the command of the 1st East Bengal Regiment under [[Z Force (Bangladesh)|Z Force]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hossain |first=Md Anwar |date=18 June 2021 |title=Taher, Colonel Abu |url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Taher,_Colonel_Abu |url-status=live |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=en.banglapedia.org |publisher=[[Banglapedia]] |language=en}}</ref> During the Liberation War, Ziauddin was the Commanding Officer of 1st [[East Bengal Regiment]] under Sector 1.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-12-17 |title=Bittersweet Victory: A Freedom Fighter's Tale |url=https://archive.dhakatribune.com/uncategorized/2013/12/17/bittersweet-victory-a-freedom-fighters-tale |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=Dhaka Tribune}}</ref> At the sector commanders conference in India both Zia and Taher opposed focusing on Bangladesh Army and rather provide more support to irregular militias.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Riaz |first=Ali |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=udSLDwAAQBAJ&dq=lieutenant+colonel+ziauddin&pg=PT62 |title=Bangladesh: A Political History since Independence |date=2016-06-08 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-1-78672-075-7 |language=en}}</ref> They called for reducing reliance on India for weapons and moving the Mukti Bahini headquarters from India to Bangladesh.<ref name=":0" />
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| On the afternoon of September 8, a company of the 1st East Bengal Regiment went to Mahendraganj, India. A small team of only platoon and section commanders carried out hit and run operations in Kamalpur. He accompanies and leads them in all operations. Most of the operations were successful and caused some casualties to the Pakistani army.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 May 2021 |title=Major Ziauddin Bir Uttom |url=https://1971.prothomalo.com/freedom-fighters-info/gallantry-awardees/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A6-%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%AE |access-date=27 October 2022 |website=[[Prothom Alo]]}}</ref>
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| Ziauddin commanded the unit [[Hamidur Rahman]] served in when they attacked a Pakistan Army camp on the [[Dhalai River]].<ref name=":1" /> Crawling forward to destroy the LMG post, he threw a grenade at the bunker, causing the LMG to explode. Sepoy Hamidur Rahman was martyred by another LMG. In the end, Ziauddin ordered to return to Mohanpur camp due to heavy casualties. Hamidur Rahman of East Bengal Regiment was posthumously awarded the [[Bir Sreshtho]], Bangladesh's highest award for valor, for his actions during the conflict.<ref name=":1">{{cite web |date=9 December 2014 |title=October 28, 1971 |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/october-28-1971-54190 |access-date=27 October 2022 |work=The Daily Star}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-115066 | title= War heroes honoured | work=The Daily Star | date= 29 November 2009 }}</ref>
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| Ziauddin was at the forefront of Sylhet's MC College battle on December 13 of the Liberation War. By December 15, Mukti Bahini and joint forces started knocking at Sylhet's front door. In the end, Pakistani forces decided to surrender. Pakistani forces surrendered in Sylhet on December 17 at 3 pm.<ref>{{Cite web |title= খেতাবপ্রাপ্ত বীর মুক্তিযোদ্ধা: মোহাম্মদ জিয়াউদ্দিন, বীর উত্তম|url= https://bangla.thedailystar.net/%e0%a6%b8%e0%a6%82%e0%a6%b8%e0%a7%8d%e0%a6%95%e0%a7%83%e0%a6%a4%e0%a6%bf/%e0%a6%87%e0%a6%a4%e0%a6%bf%e0%a6%b9%e0%a6%be%e0%a6%b8-%e0%a6%90%e0%a6%a4%e0%a6%bf%e0%a6%b9%e0%a7%8d%e0%a6%af/%e0%a6%87%e0%a6%a4%e0%a6%bf%e0%a6%b9%e0%a6%be%e0%a6%b8/%e0%a6%96%e0%a7%87%e0%a6%a4%e0%a6%be%e0%a6%ac%e0%a6%aa%e0%a7%8d%e0%a6%b0%e0%a6%be%e0%a6%aa%e0%a7%8d%e0%a6%a4-%e0%a6%ac%e0%a7%80%e0%a6%b0-%e0%a6%ae%e0%a7%81%e0%a6%95%e0%a7%8d%e0%a6%a4%e0%a6%bf%e0%a6%af%e0%a7%8b%e0%a6%a6%e0%a7%8d%e0%a6%a7%e0%a6%be-%e0%a6%ae%e0%a7%8b%e0%a6%b9%e0%a6%be%e0%a6%ae%e0%a7%8d%e0%a6%ae%e0%a6%a6-%e0%a6%9c%e0%a6%bf%e0%a7%9f%e0%a6%be%e0%a6%89%e0%a6%a6%e0%a7%8d%e0%a6%a6%e0%a6%bf%e0%a6%a8-%e0%a6%ac%e0%a7%80%e0%a6%b0-%e0%a6%89%e0%a6%a4%e0%a7%8d%e0%a6%a4%e0%a6%ae-310346}}</ref>
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| === Bangladesh Army ===
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| After independence, Ziauddin was promoted to the rank of [[Lieutenant Colonel]].<ref name=":3" /> Meanwhile, when Indian Prime Minister [[Indira Gandhi]] visited Bangladesh, Ziauddin gave her a [[guard of honour]].<ref name=":2" /> In 1972, Ziauddin commanded the [[46th Independent Infantry Brigade]], based in [[Dhaka Cantonment]], with which he suppressed a mutiny by soldiers of [[Bangladesh Air Force]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Lifschultz |first=Lawrence |date=1977 |title=Abu Taher's Last Testament: Bangladesh: The Unfinished Revolution |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4365850 |journal=Economic and Political Weekly |volume=12 |issue=33/34 |pages=1303–1354 |jstor=4365850 |issn=0012-9976}}</ref> He spoke in favor of socialism to officers under his command.<ref name=":3" /> He and Taher, in charge of the 44th Infantry Brigade, commanded nearly 90 percent of the infantry soldiers of newly created Bangladesh Army.<ref name=":3" /> In 1972, he destroyed all war loot taken by officers and soldiers under his command during the Bangladesh Liberation War.<ref name=":3" /> Zauddin argued that military unit should be self-sufficient and raise their own food.<ref name=":3" />
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| After the independence, for two more months of institutional training, a temporary 'Battle School' on the model of Military Academy was established at Kachukshet in Dhaka Cantonment under the 46th Independence Brigade for the cadets of Second Bangladesh War Course. Lt. Col. Ziauddin was in charge of this battle school. He himself was engaged in overall supervision of extended training at the Temporary Battle School. <ref>{{Cite web |title= ওয়ার কোর্স-স্বাধীনতাযুদ্ধের দূরদর্শী পরিকল্পনা|url= https://www.dailynayadiganta.com/opinion/585676/%E0%A6%93%E0%A7%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%80-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE}}</ref>
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| Ziauddin wrote an article in the [[Holiday (newspaper)|Holiday]] criticizing the government and its treaty with India on 20 August 1972.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Chowdhury |first=R. |date=2019-12-01 |title=Bangladesh: An Enslaved Nation? (Part I) |url=http://southasiajournal.net/bangladesh-an-enslaved-nation-part-i/ |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=South Asia Journal |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Khan |first=Q. M. Jalal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5bUmEAAAQBAJ&dq=Colonel+Mohammad+Ziauddin&pg=PA84 |title=India's Hegemonic Design in Bangladesh |date=2021-02-25 |publisher=Writers Republic LLC |isbn=978-1-63728-158-1 |pages=84 |language=ar}}</ref> He called the treaty a secret agreement and pointed they had fought the war without Sheikh Mujib, who was in jail in Pakistan, and would fight another if necessary.<ref name=":3" /> He had published the article when Prime Minister Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was outside of the country.<ref name=":3" /> The Prime Minister meet Ziauddin after returning to the country and demanded an official apology which he refused.<ref name=":3" /> He lost his job for the article. He travelled the country getting to know the people.<ref name=":3" />
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| In February 1974, Zia dropped all contact and went underground to join Marxist revolutionaries.<ref name=":3" /> He joined the underground [[Purba Banglar Sarbahara Party]] led by [[Siraj Sikder]], which was the most active left wing insurgency in Bangladesh at that time.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (1975) - reasons for army's anger towards Sheikh Mujibur Rahman - History of Bangladesh |url=http://www.londoni.co/index.php/26-history-of-bangladesh/1975-assassination-of-sheikh-mujibur-rahman/267-assassination-of-sheikh-mujibur-rahman-1975-reasons-for-army-s-anger-towards-sheikh-mujibur-rahman-history-of-bangladesh |access-date=2022-10-27 |website=www.londoni.co}}</ref><ref name=":3" />
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| His colleague Major [[Mohammad Abdul Jalil]], who shared his left wing views, was also fired from the army.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hossain |first=M. Sanjeeb |title=Know your friends and foes |url=https://bdnews24.com/opinion/comment/know-your-friends-and-foes |access-date=2022-10-27 |website=bdnews24.com |language=en}}</ref> Siraj Sikder was killed by Bangladesh police on 2 January 1975 on his way to [[Jatiya Rakkhi Bahini|Rakkhi Bahini]] camp.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Khan |first=Muazzam Hussain |date=18 June 2021 |title=Sikder, Siraj |url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Sikder,_Siraj |access-date=2022-10-27 |website=en.banglapedia.org |publisher=Banglapedia |language=en}}</ref> President Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was killed in [[15 August 1975 Bangladeshi coup d'état]].<ref name=":3" /> One of the mutineers, Major [[Khandaker Abdur Rashid]], asked Taher and Ziauddin to join the new regime.<ref name=":3" /> Taher asked him remove the death warrant issued against Zaiuddin by the former president.<ref name=":3" /> The new president, [[Khondakar Mustaque Ahmed]], encouraged them to start a political party.<ref name=":3" />
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| In 1976, Ziaudding was sentenced to ten years imprisonment while Taher was sentenced to death following the [[7 November 1975 Bangladeshi coup d'état]].<ref name=":3" /> The coup paved the way for Major General [[Ziaur Rahman]] to take power.<ref name=":3" />
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| In 1989, he returned to a normal life under special amnesty. Ziauddin was appointed as Chairman of [[Chittagong Development Authority]] on 2 September 1993 and served until September 15, 1996<ref>{{Cite web |title= পূর্বের চেয়ারম্যানগণ
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| |url=https://cda.gov.bd/site/page/583df265-398f-4ca5-a043-fa8c2d256d09/-}}</ref>
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| He is the founding principle of Chittagong Presidency International School. After [[COVID-19]] pandemic, Lt. Col. Ziaudding is leading a retired life in his home in Chittagong.
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| ==References==
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| {{Reflist}}
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| == Further reading ==
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| * {{cite book |last=Mohosin |first=A K M |year=2022 |title=নির্মোহ এক স্বপ্নযোদ্ধা লে. কর্নেল (অবঃ) জিয়াউদ্দিনের (বীর উত্তম) জীবন কথা |url=https://www.rokomari.com/book/235161/nirmoho-ek-swaponjoddha-lt-coloner-retd-ziyauddin-bir-uttom-jibon-kotha |publisher=Anannya |location=Rokomari |isbn=978-9-849-66454-3}}
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| {{Bir Uttom}}
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| {{DEFAULTSORT:Ziauddin, Mohammad}}
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| [[Category:1939 births]]
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| [[Category:Living people]]
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| [[Category:Mukti Bahini personnel]]
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| [[Category:People from Cox's Bazar District]]
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| [[Category:PAF College Sargodha alumni]]
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| [[Category:Chittagong Collegiate School and College alumni]]
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| [[Category:Bangladeshi socialists]]
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| [[Category:Recipients of the Bir Uttom]]
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