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| {{short description|British multinational equipment manufacturer}}
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| {{about|the equipment manufacturer|the credit card company|JCB Co., Ltd.}}
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| <references group="JCB India" />
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| {{Infobox company
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| | name = J.C. Bamford Excavators Limited
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| | logo =
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| | image = JCB 3CX backhoe loader, Florida, left side.jpg
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| | trade_name = JCB
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| | type = [[Privately held company|Private]]
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| | foundation = {{start date and age|1945}}
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| | location = [[Rocester]], [[Staffordshire]], England, UK
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| | founder = [[Joseph Cyril Bamford]]
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| | key_people = [[Anthony Bamford]]<br>{{small|(Chairman)}}<br>Graeme Macdonald<br>{{small|(Chief Executive)}}
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| | industry = [[Heavy equipment]]<br>[[Agricultural machinery]]|
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| | products = [[Backhoe]]s<br>[[Excavator]]s<br>[[Dumpster]]<br>[[Forklift|Forklift trucks]]<br>[[Loader (equipment)|Loader]]s<br>[[Telescopic handler]]s<br>[[Tractor]]s<br>[[Diesel engine]]s<br>[[Diesel generator]]s<br>[[Axle]]s and [[Gearbox]]es
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| | revenue = £4.1 billion (2019)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.insidermedia.com/news/midlands/pre-tax-profits-jump-100m-at-jcb|title=PRE-TAX PROFITS JUMP £100M AT JCB|access-date=9 February 2021|publisher=Insider Media| date=17 September 2019}}</ref>
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| | operating_income =
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| | net_income = £341 million
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| | num_employees = Approximately 11,000<ref name=companyinfo>{{cite web|url=http://www.jcb.com/aboutjcb/welcome.aspx|title=Company Information|access-date=27 September 2010|publisher=J C Bamford Excavators Limited|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110810051857/http://www.jcb.com/aboutjcb/welcome.aspx|archive-date=10 August 2011}}</ref>
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| | subsid =
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| | website = {{URL|https://www.jcb.com}}
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| | footnotes =
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| '''J.C. Bamford Excavators Limited''' ('''JCB''') is a British [[multinational corporation|multinational]] manufacturer of equipment for construction, agriculture, [[Global waste trade|waste handling]], and [[demolition]]. It was founded in 1945 and is based in [[Rocester]], [[Staffordshire]], England.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/00561597|title=J.C. BAMFORD EXCAVATORS LIMITED overview - Find and update company information - GOV.UK}}</ref>
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| The word "[[wikt:JCB|JCB]]" is also often used [[colloquial]]ly as a [[genericized trademark|generic description]] for mechanical diggers and excavators, and the word even appears in the ''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]'', although it is still held as a trademark.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/artblog/2007/apr/20/everydaydesignclassicsno16|title=Classics of everyday design No 16|access-date=27 September 2010|publisher=The Guardian<!--| date=20 April 2007-->|location=London|first=Jonathan|last=Glancey|date=20 April 2007}}</ref>
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| ==History==
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| Joseph Cyril Bamford Excavators Ltd. was founded by [[Joseph Cyril Bamford]] in October 1945 in [[Uttoxeter]], Staffordshire, England. He rented a lock-up garage {{convert|12|by|15|ft|abbr=on|order=flip}}. In it, using a welding set which he bought second-hand for £2-10s (= £2.50) from [[English Electric]], he made his first vehicle, a tipping trailer from war-surplus materials. The trailer's sides and floor were made from steel sheet that had been part of [[air raid shelter]]s. On the same day as his son Anthony was born, he sold the trailer at a nearby market for £45 (plus a part-exchanged farm [[cart]]) and at once made another trailer.{{citation needed|date=October 2016}} At one time he made vehicles in Eckersley's coal yard in Uttoxeter. The first trailer and the welding set have been preserved.
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| [[File:Aa jcbs first welder.jpg|thumb|upright|left|JCB's first welding set]]
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| [[File:Aa jcb firstproduct.jpg|thumb|right|The first vehicle JCB made (a farm trailer]]
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| [[File:Digger-man - geograph.org.uk - 397018.jpg|thumb| ''The Fossor'' (1979) by [[Walenty Pytel]], made from parts of JCB vehicles, at the headquarters in Rocester]]
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| In 1948, six people were working for the company, and it made the first [[Hydraulics|hydraulic]] tipping trailer in Europe. In 1950, it moved to an old cheese factory in [[Rocester]], still employing six. A year later, Bamford began painting his products yellow. In 1953, he developed JCB's first backhoe loader, and the JCB logo appeared for the first time. It was designed by Derby Media and advertising designer Leslie Smith. In 1957, the firm launched the "hydra-digga", incorporating the excavator and the major loader as a single all-purpose tool useful for the agricultural and construction industries.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/obituaries/story/0,,446404,00.html |title=Obituary: Joseph Bamford |work=The Guardian |date= 5 March 2001|access-date=15 September 2009 | location=London | first=David | last=Phillips}}</ref>
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| By 1964, JCB had sold over 3,000 3C backhoe loaders. The next year, the first 360-degree excavator was introduced, the JCB 7.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jcb.com |title=J C Bamford Excavators Ltd |publisher=Jcb.com |date=21 November 2013 |access-date=15 June 2016}}</ref> In 1978, the [[Telescopic handler|Loadall]] machine was introduced. The next year, the firm started its operation in [[India]]. In 1991, the firm entered a joint venture with [[Sumitomo]] of Japan to produce excavators, which ended in 1998.<ref>Diesel Progress, North American edition – October 1998</ref> Two years later, a JCB factory was completed in [[Pooler, Georgia|Pooler]] near [[Savannah, Georgia|Savannah]], [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], in the US, and the next year a factory was opened in [[Brazil]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-10-03|title=JCB Opens New $100 million Factory in Brazil|url=https://www.forconstructionpros.com/equipment/earthmoving/press-release/10797786/jcb-americas-jcb-opens-new-100-million-factory-in-brazil|access-date=2022-02-11|website=Equipment Today}}</ref>
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| In 2005, JCB bought a company, purchasing the German equipment firm [[JCB Vibromax|Vibromax]]. In the same year, it opened a new factory in [[Pudong]], China.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Carrington|first=Max|date=2020-10-23|title=The JCB journey from a garage to global force|url=https://www.equipmentjournal.com/construction-news/the-jcb-journey-from-a-garage-to-global-force/|access-date=2022-02-11|website=Equipment Journal|language=en-CA}}</ref> Planning of a new £40 million JCB Heavy Products site began following the launch of an [[architectural design competition]] in 2007 managed by [[RIBA Competitions]],<ref>The Uttoxeter Sentinel</ref> and by the next year, the firm began to move from its old site on Pinfold Street in Uttoxeter to the new site beside the A50; the Pinfold Street site was demolished in 2009. During that year, JCB announced plans to make India its largest manufacturing hub. Its factory at [[Ballabgarh]] in Haryana was to become the world's largest [[backhoe loader]] manufacturing facility.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/4356043.cms |title=Economic Times April 3, 2009 |work=The Economic Times |date=3 April 2009 |access-date=15 September 2009}}</ref> Although JCB shed 2,000 jobs during the [[2008 global financial crisis]], in 2010 it rehired up to 200 new workers.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/8621174.stm|title=Staffordshire-based JCB creates hundreds of new jobs |publisher=BBC |date=14 April 2010 |access-date=29 April 2010}}</ref>
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| In 2013, JCB set up its fourth manufacturing facility in India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/jcb-india-to-set-up-rs-500-cr-facility-at-mahindra-world-city/article4025730.ece|access-date=9 December 2013|title=JCB India to set up Rs 500 cr facility at Mahindra World City|website=Business Line|date=23 October 2012 }}</ref> In 2014, it was reported that three out of every four pieces of construction equipment sold in India was a JCB, and that its Indian operations accounted for 17.5% of its total revenue.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.livemint.com/Industry/tVcyF9jPSwa3YY0lqAtZlO/JCB-perfects-the-art-of-manufacturing-in-India.html |title=JCB perfects the art of manufacturing in India |publisher=Livemint |date=25 September 2014 |access-date=15 June 2016}}</ref> JCB-based memes have also become prevalent in India.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.everlastingcelebrations.com/wtf/top-best-jcb-memes-jokes-why-everyone-is-making-meme-on-jcb-what-jcb-ki-khudai/|title=Top 25 JCB Memes: Why Everyone Is Making Meme On JCB? What Is JCB Ki Khudai?|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601074805/http://www.everlastingcelebrations.com/wtf/top-best-jcb-memes-jokes-why-everyone-is-making-meme-on-jcb-what-jcb-ki-khudai/|archive-date=1 June 2019}}</ref>
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| JCB began manufacturing 20-30 tonne excavators in [[Solnechnogorsky District]] in Russia in 2017.<ref>[https://lonmadi.ru/en/company/about/ JCB Russia]</ref> Due to [[International sanctions during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine|trade sanctions]] imposed following the [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine]], JCB suspended its operations in Russia in March 2022.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.global.jcb/en/info/20220308.html | title=JCB Statement on Suspension of Russian Operations | date=9 March 2022 | accessdate=27 December 2022}}</ref>
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| ==Products==
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| Many of the vehicles produced by JCB are variants of the [[backhoe loader]], including [[Continuous track|tracked]] or wheeled variants, mini and large version and other variations, such as [[forklift]] vehicles and [[telescopic handler]]s for moving materials to the upper floors of a building site. The company also produces wheeled loading shovels and articulated dump trucks.
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| Its [[JCB Fastrac]] range of tractors, which entered production in 1990, can drive at speeds of up to 75 km/h (40 mph) on roads and was featured on the BBC television programme ''[[Tomorrow's World]]'', and years later as [[Jeremy Clarkson]]'s tractor of choice in ''[[Top Gear (2002 TV series)|Top Gear]]''. The firm makes a range of military vehicles, including the [[JCB HMEE]]. It licenses a range of rugged feature phones and smartphones designed for construction sites. The design and marketing contract was awarded to Data Select in 2010, which then lost the exclusive rights in 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mobilenewscwp.co.uk/2013/07/02/data-select-set-to-lose-jcb-exclusive/|access-date=27 July 2013|title=Data Select set to lose JCB exclusive?|last=Garwood|first=Michael|website=Mobile News}}</ref>
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| JCB power systems make a [[hydrogen combustion engine]] which aims to be cost effective by reusing parts from the company's [[Dieselmax]] engines.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-23 |title=JCB's hydrogen-fuelled combustion engine examined |url=https://www.fwi.co.uk/machinery/technology/jcbs-hydrogen-fuelled-combustion-engine-examined |access-date=2022-05-11 |website=Farmers Weekly |language=en-US}}</ref>
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| JCB Insurance Services is a fully owned subsidiary of JCB that provides insurance for customers with funding from another fully owned subsidiary, JCB Finance.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theconstructionindex.co.uk/news/view/jcb-insurance-improves-plantmaster-policy |title=JCB Insurance improves Plantmaster policy |publisher=Theconstructionindex.co.uk |date=19 September 2012 |access-date=15 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vertikal.net/en/news/story/13966/ |title=JCB launches insurance website |publisher=Vertikal.net |date=16 January 2012 |access-date=15 June 2016}}</ref>
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| ==JCB Dieselmax==
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| [[File:JCB Diesel Max Heritage Motor Centre, Gaydon.jpg|thumb|[[JCB Dieselmax]] on display at the [[British Motor Museum|Heritage Motor Centre]]]]
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| {{Main|JCB Dieselmax}}
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| In April 2006, JCB announced that they were developing a [[Diesel engine|diesel]]-powered [[land speed record]] vehicle known as the '[[JCB Dieselmax]]'. The car is powered by two modified JCB 444 diesel power plants using a two-stage [[turbocharger]] to generate 750 bhp, one engine driving the front wheels and the other the rear wheels.
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| On 22 August 2006 the Dieselmax, driven by [[Andy Green (RAF officer)|Andy Green]], broke the diesel engine land speed record, attaining a speed of {{Convert|328.767|mph}}. The following day, the record was again broken, this time with a speed of {{Convert|350.092|mph}}.
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| == Controversies and criticism ==
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| ===Violation of EU antitrust law===
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| In December 2000, JCB was fined €39.6m by the [[European Commission]] for violating [[European Union]] [[European Union competition law|antitrust law]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=European Commission |title=Commission fines JCB for unlawful distribution agreements and practices |url=http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-00-1526_en.htm?locale=en |website=Europa.eu |access-date=29 June 2018}}</ref> The fine related to restrictions on sales outside allotted territories, purchases between authorised distributors, bonuses and fees which restricted out of territory sales, and occasional joint fixing of resale prices and discounts across different territories.<ref>{{cite news |title=JCB hit by £22m competition fine |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2000/dec/22/6 |access-date=29 June 2018 |work=The Guardian |date=22 December 2000}}</ref> JCB appealed the decision, with the [[General Court (European Union)|European Court of First Instance]] upholding portions of the appeal and reducing the original fine by 25%. JCB appealed to the [[European Court of Justice]] but this final appeal was rejected in 2006,<ref>{{cite news |title=End of the line for JCB's six-year fight against £21m EU fine |url=https://www.birminghampost.co.uk/business/end-line-jcbs-six-year-fight-3977960 |access-date=29 June 2018 |work=Birmingham Post |date=22 September 2006}}</ref> with the court slightly increasing the reduced fine by €864,000.<ref>{{cite web |title=JCB appeal leads to increased fine |url=http://www.vertikal.net/en/news/story/3045/ |website=Vertikal.net |access-date=29 June 2018}}</ref>
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| === Tax avoidance ===
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| In 2017, a Reuters study of JCB group accounts found that between 2001 and 2013, the JCB group paid £577 million to JCB Research, an unlimited company that does not have to file public accounts and which has only two shares, both owned by Anthony Bamford. JCB Research has been described as an obscure company, allegedly worth £27,000, but which donated £2m to the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]] in the run up to the 2010 election, making it the largest donor. Ownership of the company which has never filed accounts is disputed by the Bamford brothers. According to a Guardian report, much of the Bamford money was held in shares in offshore trusts.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2010/nov/14/bamford-court-feud-tory-funding|title=Feud between Bamford brothers threatens to cast light on funding for Tories |author=Jamie Doward|work=Guardian newspapers|date=14 November 2010|access-date=9 March 2015}}</ref>
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| JCB Service, the main JCB holding company, is owned by a Dutch parent company, ‘Transmissions and engineering Netherlands BV’, which is ultimately controlled by “Bamford family interests”.<ref>{{Cite web|date=17 September 2017|title=JCB pays bumper £75m dividend to Bamford owners|url=https://www.ft.com/content/547fa5dc-d962-11e9-8f9b-77216ebe1f17|access-date=22 October 2020|website=Financial Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Bergin|first=Tom|date=25 March 2015|title=Special Report - Top UK industrialist channelled millions through obscure company|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-britain-politics-jcb-specialreport-idUKKBN0ML0Z820150325|access-date=22 October 2020}}</ref> According to Ethical Consumer, JCB has six subsidiaries in jurisdictions considered to be [[tax havens]], in [[Singapore]], the [[Netherlands]], [[Hong Kong]], [[Delaware]] and [[Switzerland]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=6 August 2020|title=Ethical Consumer researches JCB in support of Palestine Action launch|url=https://www.ethicalconsumer.org/technology/ethical-consumer-researches-jcb-support-palestine-action-launch|access-date=22 October 2020|website=Ethical Consumer|language=en}}</ref>
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| ===Involvement in Israeli settlements===
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| {{See also|List of companies operating in West Bank settlements}}
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| On 12 February 2020, the [[United Nations]] published a [[List of companies operating in West Bank settlements|database]] of all business enterprises involved in certain specified activities related to the [[Israeli settlement]]s in the [[Palestinian territories|Occupied Palestinian Territories]], including [[East Jerusalem]], and in the occupied [[Golan Heights]].<ref name=unlist_ohchr>{{cite news |date=12 February 2020 | title=UN rights office issues report on business activities related to settlements in the Occupied Palestinian Territory | url=https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=25542 |work=[[Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights]] | access-date=5 July 2021}}</ref><ref name=unlist_reliefweb>{{cite news |date=14 February 2020 | title=Database of all business enterprises involved in certain activities relating to Israeli settlements in East Jerusalem and the West Bank (A/HRC/43/71) | url=https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/database-all-business-enterprises-involved-certain-activities |work=[[ReliefWeb]] | access-date=5 July 2021}}</ref> JCB has been listed on the database in light of its involvement in activities related to "the supply of equipment and materials facilitating the construction and the expansion of settlements and the [[Israeli West Bank barrier|wall]], and associated infrastructures".<ref name=unlist_bbc>{{cite news |date=12 February 2020 | title=UN lists 112 businesses linked to Israeli settlements | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-51477231 |work=[[BBC]] | access-date=5 July 2021}}</ref><ref name=unlist_ohchr/><ref name=unlist_reliefweb/> The [[International Community|international community]] considers Israeli settlements built on [[Israeli-occupied territories|land occupied by Israel]] to be [[International law and Israeli settlements|in violation of international law]].<ref name=unsc2334>{{cite news |date=23 December 2016 | title=S/RES/2334(2016) | url=https://undocs.org/S/RES/2334(2016) |work=[[United Nations Security Council]] | access-date=5 July 2021}}</ref><ref name=icj_settlements>{{cite news |date=9 July 2004 | title=Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory | url=https://www.icj-cij.org/public/files/case-related/131/131-20040709-ADV-01-00-EN.pdf |work=[[International Court of Justice]] | access-date=5 July 2021}}</ref><ref name=icc_settlements>{{cite news |date=5 December 2001 | title=Conference of High Contracting Parties to the Fourth Geneva Convention | url=https://www.icrc.org/en/doc/resources/documents/statement/57jrgw.htm |work=[[International Committee of the Red Cross]] | access-date=5 July 2021}}</ref>
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| In October 2020, the British government decided to investigate a complaint that JCB’s sale of equipment to Israel did not comply with the human rights guidelines set by the [[OECD|Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development]]. The UK National Contact Point (NCP), part of the UK’s Department of International Trade, agreed to review a complaint against JCB submitted by a charity, Lawyers for Palestinian Human Rights. JCB said it had no “legal ownership” of its machinery once sold to Comasco, its sole distributor of JCB equipment in Israel.<ref>{{Cite news|last=editor|first=Patrick Wintour Diplomatic|date=13 October 2020|title=JCB challenged over machinery used to demolish Palestinian homes|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2020/oct/12/jcb-challenged-over-machinery-used-to-demolish-palestinian-homes|access-date=22 October 2020|issn=0261-3077}}</ref>
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| ===Bailout loan===
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| In 2020, JCB received a £600m loan in emergency financial aid from the UK government, during the coronavirus pandemic, despite its ultimate ownership being in the Netherlands and having reported a record £447 million profit the previous year. Its chief executive Graeme Macdonald said: “Although not a public company, we are eligible for CCF because of our contribution to the UK economy. We don’t expect to utilise it in the short-term but it gives us an insurance policy if there is further disruption from or second spike or other impact around the world.”<ref>{{Cite news|last=Tovey|first=Alan|date=3 June 2020|title=JCB gets £600m government loan as 'insurance policy'|language=en-GB|work=The Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2020/06/03/jcb-gets-600m-government-loan-insurance-policy/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2020/06/03/jcb-gets-600m-government-loan-insurance-policy/ |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|access-date=22 October 2020|issn=0307-1235}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Williams|first=Ollie|title=Bank Of England Spends Billions Bailing Out Europe's Richest Families|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/oliverwilliams1/2020/06/05/bank-of-england-spends-billions-bailing-out-europes-richest-families/|access-date=22 October 2020|website=Forbes|language=en}}</ref>
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| ===Brexit===
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| The company was a member of the [[Confederation of British Industry|CBI]] business lobby group until October 2016, when it was reported that JCB had left the CBI in the summer of 2016 following the Brexit vote due to the organisation's anti-Brexit stand.<ref name="Telegraph-10Oct2016">{{cite news|last1=Chan|first1=Szu Ping|title=Manufacturing giant JCB ends CBI membership over anti-Brexit stance|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2016/10/10/manufacturing-giant-jcb-ends-cbi-membership-over-anti-brexit-sta/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2016/10/10/manufacturing-giant-jcb-ends-cbi-membership-over-anti-brexit-sta/ |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|access-date=25 August 2017|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=10 October 2016}}{{cbignore}}</ref> In May 2021, JCB chairman [[Anthony Bamford]] rejected an invitation to rejoin CBI, after previously having called it a "waste of time" that "didn’t represent my business or private companies".<ref>{{Cite news|last=Millard|first=Rachel|date=15 May 2021|title=JCB chief rejects invitation to rejoin CBI after Brexit row.|language=en-GB|work=The Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2021/05/15/jcb-chief-rejects-invitation-rejoin-cbi-brexit-row/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2021/05/15/jcb-chief-rejects-invitation-rejoin-cbi-brexit-row/ |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|access-date=26 May 2021|issn=0307-1235}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Burton|first=Lucy|date=10 May 2021|title=New CBI boss tells Brexiters to rejoin business lobby group.|language=en-GB|work=The Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2021/05/10/new-cbi-boss-tells-brexiters-rejoin-business-lobby-group/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2021/05/10/new-cbi-boss-tells-brexiters-rejoin-business-lobby-group/ |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|access-date=26 May 2021|issn=0307-1235}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
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| Bamford donated £100,000 to [[Vote Leave]], the official pro-Brexit group,<ref name="Telegraph-10Oct2016" /> and JCB has also been a significant donor to the UK [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]]; since 2007 JCB and related Bamford entities have given the party £8.1m in cash or kind.<ref name="TCI-25Aug2017">{{cite news|title=Tories boosted by construction donations|url=http://www.theconstructionindex.co.uk/news/view/tories-buouyed-by-construction-donations|access-date=25 August 2017|work=The Construction Index|date=25 August 2017}}</ref>
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| ==References==
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| {{reflist}}
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| ==External links==
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| {{Commons category|JCB (J. C. Bamford (Excavators) Ltd.)}}
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| *{{official website|https://www.jcb.com}}
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| {{JCB}}
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| {{Automotive industry in the United Kingdom}}
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| [[Category:JCB (company)| ]]
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| [[Category:Construction equipment manufacturers of the United Kingdom]]
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| [[Category:Mining equipment companies]]
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| [[Category:Engine manufacturers of the United Kingdom]]
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| [[Category:Manufacturing companies of England]]
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| [[Category:Forklift truck manufacturers]]
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| [[Category:Agricultural machinery manufacturers of the United Kingdom]]
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| [[Category:Tractor manufacturers of the United Kingdom]]
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| [[Category:Mobile phone manufacturers]]
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| [[Category:English brands]]
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| [[Category:Defence companies of the United Kingdom]]
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| [[Category:Privately held companies of England]]
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| [[Category:Family-owned companies of England]]
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| [[Category:British companies established in 1945]]
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| [[Category:Manufacturing companies established in 1945]]
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| [[Category:Multinational companies headquartered in England]]
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| [[Category:1945 establishments in England]]
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| [[Category:Borough of East Staffordshire]]
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| [[Category:Companies based in Staffordshire]]
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| [[Category:Conservative Party (UK) donors]]
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| [[Category:Electrical generation engine manufacturers]]
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| [[Category:Automotive transmission makers]]
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