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| {{About|the municipality in Madhya Pradesh, India|its namesake district|Panna District}}
| | #REDIRECT [[Panna, Madhya Pradesh]] |
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| <!-- See [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Indian cities]] for details -->{{Infobox settlement
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| | name = Panna
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| | native_name =
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| | other_name =
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| | nickname =
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| | settlement_type = City
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| | image_skyline =
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| | image_alt =
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| | image_caption =
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| | pushpin_map = India Madhya Pradesh
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| | pushpin_label_position = right
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| | pushpin_map_alt =
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| | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Madhya Pradesh, India
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| | coordinates = {{coord|24.27|N|80.17|E|display=inline,title}}
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| | subdivision_type = Country
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| | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
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| | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
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| | subdivision_name1 = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
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| | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
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| | subdivision_name2 = [[Panna district|Panna]]
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| | established_title = <!-- Established -->
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| | established_date =
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| | founder =
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| | government_type =
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| | unit_pref = Metric
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| | area_footnotes =
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| | area_rank =
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| | area_total_km2 =
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| | elevation_footnotes =
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| | elevation_m = 410
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| | population_total = 59,091
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| | population_as_of = 2011
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| | population_rank =
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| | population_density_km2 = auto
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| | population_demonym =
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| | population_footnotes =
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| | demographics_type1 = Languages
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| | demographics1_title1 = Official
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| | demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
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| | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
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| | utc_offset1 = +5:30
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| | postal_code_type = <!-- [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] -->
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| | postal_code = | |
| | registration_plate = MP-35
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| | website = {{URL|www.panna.nic.in}}
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| | iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-MP]]
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| | footnotes =
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| }} | | }} |
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| '''Panna''' is a city and a [[municipality]] in [[Panna district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]]. It is famous for its [[diamond]] mines. It is the administrative center of Panna District.
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| == History ==
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| Panna was a [[Gond people|Gond]] settlement until the 13th or 17th century (cite reference), when the Gondi were defeated by the [[Chandela]]s they migrated to other parts of [[Madhya Pradesh]]. Until that date, there were many rulers of the area. The famous mandir of Padmavatipuri Dham, adorned with divine lustre, is located in Panna town at the centre of Vindhyachal in Madhya Pradesh. The itinerant sage [[Pranami Sampraday|Mahamati Prannath]] and his disciples reached Panna with a divine message of awakening one's soul. Seeing a desert island, he decided to unfurl the flag of Jagani there. He helped the king [[Chhatrasal]] and adorned him with the title of Maharaja. He remained there for eleven years, and took samadhi inside the dome. The place, therefore, is known as the seat of salvation [Muktipitha] or Padmavatipuri Dham.
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| Panna was the capital of [[Maharaja Chhatrasal|Chhatar Sal]], the [[Bundela]] [[Rajput]] leader who led a revolt against the Mughal Empire. Upon his death in 1732, his kingdom was divided among his sons, with one-third of the kingdom going to his ally, the [[Maratha]] [[Peshwa]] [[Baji Rao I]].
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| The [[Panna State|Kingdom of Panna]] went to Harde Sah, the eldest son of Chhatar Sal. In the early 19th century, Panna became a [[princely state]] of [[British India]], and gained control states of the states of [[Nagod State|Nagod]] and [[Sohawal State|Sohawal]]. Raja Nirpat Singh assisted the British in the [[Revolt of 1857]], and the British rewarded him with the title [[maharaja]]. Maharaja Mahendra Yadvendra Singh acceded to the [[Government of India]] on 1 January 1950, and the kingdom became [[Panna District]] of the new Indian state of [[Vindhya Pradesh]]. Vindhya Pradesh was merged into [[Madhya Pradesh]] on 1 November 1956.
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| ==Tourism==
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| Panna has a [[tiger]] reserve which is called [[Panna National Park]]. The sightings of tigers in Panna have fallen over recent years, and official tiger population figures were disputed by naturalists. There were plans to relocate two tigresses to Panna in 2009,<ref name=Times>[https://archive.today/20130103043428/http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/StoryPage.aspx?id=897fa85e-5f56-41ec-a202-23ac52825cce]</ref><ref name=Chronicle>http://www.centralchronicle.com/20081103/0311303.htm{{dead link|date=March 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> which happened, but the last male tiger meanwhile disappeared.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121023155708/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-03-28/india/28031044_1_panna-tiger-reserve-male-tiger-kanha-national-park ]</ref> A male tiger was relocated there. One of the relocated tigresses gave birth to three cubs in 2010.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110811062846/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-05-09/flora-fauna/28275615_1_translocated-panna-reserve-madhya-pradesh-s-panna ]</ref> The reserve is home to a wide variety of other animals,<ref name=krl>{{cite web |url=http://www.kenriverlodge.com/ib.html |title=Inhabitants |access-date=2009-01-27 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090131233351/http://kenriverlodge.com/ib.html |archive-date=31 January 2009 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> many of which can be seen at closer quarters than in other reserves, because Panna has fewer visitors. There are jungle lodges and hotels near the reserve, it can also be reached from [[Khajuraho]]. Raneh fall and Pandav fall and another two recently added in the list brahspati kund and lakhanpur rain fall are also famous visiting spots of tourists during monsoon.
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| Panna is also famous for its temples. There are five must visit temples named Shree jugal Kishore ji, pran nath ji, Jagannath swami ji, ram Mandir and Govind dev ji temple.
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| '''[[Ajaigarh|Ajaygarh]]''', an ancient town which is just 32 km from the District headquarters. Ajaygarh town has a very ancient fort by the name of ajaypal maharaj. which was a point of mughal emperors.
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| This fort has many places to visit, which is under the archaeological department of india.
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| <br />{{wide image|A waterfall near Panna Bypass.jpg|700px|Panoramic view of waterfall on Panna Bypass.}}
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| ==Diamond mining==
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| A large group of [[diamond]] deposits extends North-East on a branch of the [[Vindhya Range]] for {{convert|240|km|mi|abbr=}} or so, and is known as the Panna group.<ref name = "Geological description layers">See for a more extensive geological explanation: [http://www.farlang.com/gemstones/goodchild-precious-stones/page_118 Goodchild: Precious Stones (1908) Page 113]</ref> They do not cover an area of more than {{convert|20|acre|m2}}. Great pits, {{convert|25|ft|m}} in diameter and, perhaps, {{convert|30|ft|m}} in depth, are dug for the sake of reaching the diamond conglomerate, which, in many cases, was only a very thin layer.<ref name ="Streeter about India">{{Cite web |url=http://www.farlang.com/gemstones/streeter-precious-stones/page_146 |title=Streeter: Precious Stones and Gems, (1899) on Indian Diamonds |access-date=16 December 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110522080609/http://www.farlang.com/gemstones/streeter-precious-stones/page_146 |archive-date=22 May 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> According to Valentine Ball, who edited the 1676 'Travels in India' of [[Jean-Baptiste Tavernier]], Tieffenthaler was the first European to visit the mines in 1765 and claimed that the Panna diamonds could not compare in hardness and fire with other locations in India. No really large diamonds have come from this area. The most productive mines were in the 1860s and were found in Sakaria, around {{convert|32|km|mi|abbr=}} from Panna. Four classifications were given to the Panna diamonds: first, Motichul, clear and brilliant; 2nd, Manik, with a faint orange tint; 3rd, Panna, verging in tint towards green; 4th, Bunsput, sepia coloured.<ref name ="Streeter about India"/> Mines is situated in the interior of [[Panna district]]. Diamond mines in Panna are managed under the Diamond Mining Project of [[National Mineral Development Corporation]] (NMDC Ltd) of Government of India. In other mines the land is leased to prospective miners every year by the government agency. The diamonds unearthed are all collected by the district magistrate of Panna and are auctioned in the month of January. Auctions are open to the public and require a Rs. 5000 deposit. Upwards of 100 diamonds of different carat and shade are offered for auction.
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| == Panna State ==
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| * [[Maharaja Chhatrasal|Bundela Rajput Raja Chhatrasal]] (4 May 1649 – 20 December 1731)
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| * Raja Harde Sah (1731–1739)
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| * Raja Sabha Singh (1739–1752)
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| * Raja Aman Singh (1752–1758)
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| * Raja Hindupat Singh (1758–1778)
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| * Raja Anirudh Singh (1778–1779)
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| * interregnum (1779–1785)
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| * Raja Dhokal Singh (1785–1798)
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| * Raja Kishor Singh (1798–1834)
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| * Raja Harbans Rai (1834–1849)
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| * Maharaja Mahendra Nirpat Singh (1849–1870)
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| * Maharaja Rudra Pratap Singh (1870–1893) born 1848.
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| * Maharaja Mahendra Lokpal Singh (1893–1898)
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| * Maharaja Mahendra Madho Singh (1898–1902)
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| * Maharaja Mahendra Yadvendra Singh (1902-1 January 1950)
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| == Geography ==
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| Panna is located at {{Coord|24.72|N|80.2|E|}}.<ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/35/Panna.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Panna]</ref> It has an average elevation of 406 metres (1332 ft).
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| ==Climate==
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| Panna has [[humid subtropical climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''Cwa'') with hot summers, a somewhat cooler monsoon season and cool winters. Heavy rainfall occurs in the monsoon season from June to September.
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| {{Weather box|width=auto
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| | location = Panna (1981–2010, extremes 1970–2007)
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| | metric first = Y
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| | single line = Y
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| | Jan record high C = 35.0
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| | Feb record high C = 37.1
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| | Mar record high C = 40.2
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| | Apr record high C = 46.8
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| | May record high C = 46.2
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| | Jun record high C = 47.0
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| | Jul record high C = 42.8
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| | Aug record high C = 38.8
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| | Sep record high C = 37.6
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| | Oct record high C = 36.9
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| | Nov record high C = 34.5
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| | Dec record high C = 32.0
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| |year record high C = 47.0
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| | Jan high C = 23.0
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| | Feb high C = 25.8
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| | Mar high C = 31.5
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| | Apr high C = 37.3
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| | May high C = 40.8
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| | Jun high C = 38.5
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| | Jul high C = 32.3
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| | Aug high C = 30.4
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| | Sep high C = 30.6
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| | Oct high C = 31.0
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| | Nov high C = 27.8
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| | Dec high C = 24.1
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| |year high C = 31.1
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| | Jan low C = 8.2
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| | Feb low C = 9.9
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| | Mar low C = 15.5
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| | Apr low C = 20.6
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| | May low C = 25.0
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| | Jun low C = 24.6
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| | Jul low C = 21.8
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| | Aug low C = 20.9
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| | Sep low C = 20.4
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| | Oct low C = 17.2
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| | Nov low C = 12.5
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| | Dec low C = 9.4
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| |year low C = 17.1
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| | Jan record low C = -0.4
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| | Feb record low C = 2.2
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| | Mar record low C = 2.2
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| | Apr record low C = 11.6
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| | May record low C = 14.3
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| | Jun record low C = 13.0
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| | Jul record low C = 13.5
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| | Aug record low C = 10.0
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| | Sep record low C = 14.5
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| | Oct record low C = 9.6
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| | Nov record low C = 3.3
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| | Dec record low C = 2.6
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| |year record low C = -0.4
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| | rain colour = green
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| | Jan rain mm = 17.3
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| | Feb rain mm = 18.2
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| | Mar rain mm = 13.7
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| | Apr rain mm = 7.0
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| | May rain mm = 7.9
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| | Jun rain mm = 126.5
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| | Jul rain mm = 358.1
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| | Aug rain mm = 382.9
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| | Sep rain mm = 264.8
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| | Oct rain mm = 33.6
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| | Nov rain mm = 4.3
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| | Dec rain mm = 3.7
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| | year rain mm = 1238.1
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| | Jan rain days = 1.3
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| | Feb rain days = 1.4
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| | Mar rain days = 1.4
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| | Apr rain days = 1.0
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| | May rain days = 0.6
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| | Jun rain days = 6.2
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| | Jul rain days = 13.4
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| | Aug rain days = 15.0
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| | Sep rain days = 9.5
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| | Oct rain days = 1.7
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| | Nov rain days = 0.5
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| | Dec rain days = 0.7
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| |year rain days = 52.8
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| | time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
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| | Jan humidity = 55
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| | Feb humidity = 46
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| | Mar humidity = 36
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| | Apr humidity = 25
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| | May humidity = 27
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| | Jun humidity = 46
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| | Jul humidity = 73
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| | Aug humidity = 81
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| | Sep humidity = 76
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| | Oct humidity = 59
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| | Nov humidity = 53
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| | Dec humidity = 55
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| |year humidity = 52
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| |source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref name=IMDnormals>
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| {{cite web
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| | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
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| | archive-date = 5 February 2020
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| | url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
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| | title = Station: Panna Climatological Table 1981–2010
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| | work = Climatological Normals 1981–2010
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| | publisher = India Meteorological Department
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| | date = January 2015
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| | pages = 587–588
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| | access-date = 6 January 2021}}</ref><ref name=IMDextremes>
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| {{cite web
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| | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
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| | archive-date = 5 February 2020
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| | url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
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| | title = Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)
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| | publisher = India Meteorological Department
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| | date = December 2016
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| | page = M126
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| | access-date = 6 January 2021}}</ref>
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| | date = December 2012}}
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| == Transport ==
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| [[Panna Airport]] is currently non-operational, the nearest functional airport is [[Khajuraho Airport]]. Nearest rail head is [[Satna]] 75 km away, [[Khajuraho]] 45 km away. Bus service is available to all parts of [[Madhya pradesh]] and some cities of other states like [[New delhi]], [[Faridabad]], [[Agra]], [[Kanpur]], [[Jhansi]], [[Gwalior]], [[Nagpur]], [[Allahabad]]. For [[Indore]], [[Gwalior]], [[Jabalpur]] and [[Bhopal]] sleeper/luxury/AC buses are available.
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| == Demographics ==
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| {{As of|2011}} India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> In 2011, Panna had population of 59,091. Panna has an average adult literacy rate of 64.79%, lower than the national average of 74.04%: male literacy is 74.14%, and female literacy is 54..44%. In Panna, 16.10% of the population is under 6 years of age.
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| ==People from Panna==
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| <!-- please only add notable people - that is people who meet the criteria to have a Wikipedia article - see [[WP:Notability]] -->
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| * [[Rishikesh Pandey]] - music director, rapper and filmmaker in Bollywood.
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| * [[Faizanuddin]] - former judge of the [[Supreme Court of India]].
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| *[[Rj Ved]] - rj, comedian, resides in Dubai.
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| == See also ==
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| * [[Panna National Park]]
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| * [https://www.pannalive.com/ www.pannalive.com/]
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| == Footnotes ==
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| {{Reflist}}
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| {{Sagar Division}}
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| {{Authority control}}
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| [[Category:Panna, India| ]]
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| [[Category:Cities and towns in Panna district]]
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| [[Category:Bundelkhand]]
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| [[Category:Former capital cities in India]]
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| [[Category:Cities in Bundelkhand]]
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| [[Category:Diamond mines in India]]
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