Sikyong: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Head of government of the Central Tibetan Administration}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{more citations needed|date=November 2021}}
{{Expert needed|Tibet|reason=the history of the office especially Kalön Tripa|date=November 2021}}
}}
{{Infobox official post
{{Infobox official post
| post = Sikyong
| post = Head
| body = the Central Tibetan Administration
| body = the Central Tibetan Administration
| native_name = {{lang|bo|སྲིད་སྐྱོང༌}}
| native_name = {{lang|bo|སྲིད་སྐྱོང༌}}
| insignia = Emblem of Tibet.svg
| insigniasize =
| insigniacaption = Emblem of Tibet
| insigniaalt =
| flag =  
| flag =  
| flagsize =  
| flagsize =  
| flagalt =
| flagborder =
| flagcaption =  
| flagcaption =  
| insignia = File:Emblem of Tibet.svg
| image = Penpa Tsering 2023.jpg
| insigniasize = 125px
| imagesize =  
| insigniacaption = Emblem of Tibet
| alt =  
| image = Penpa Tsering - Sikyong.jpg
| imagecaption =  
| incumbent = [[Penpa Tsering]]
| incumbent = [[Penpa Tsering]]
| incumbentsince =  
| acting =
| incumbentsince = 21 May 2021
| department = [[Central Tibetan Administration]]
| style = [[Excellency|His Excellency]]
| style = [[Excellency|His Excellency]]
| residence = [[Kashag]]<br />[[Dharamsala, Himachal Pradesh|Dharamsala]], [[India]]
| type =
| status =
| abbreviation =
| member_of = [[Kashag|Cabinet]]
| reports_to =
| residence = [[Dharamsala, Himachal Pradesh|Dharamsala]], [[India]]
| seat =
| nominator =
| appointer = Direct popular vote
| appointer = Direct popular vote
| appointer_qualified =
| termlength = Five years
| termlength = Five years
| termlength_qualified =  
| termlength_qualified =  
| constituting_instrument =  
| constituting_instrument =  
| precursor =  
| precursor =  
| formation = 1907 <br /><small>as Kalön Tripa of Tibet</small><br>8 August 2011<br /><small>Sikyong</small>
| formation = 1907 {{small|(as Kalön Tripa)}}<br />8 August 2011 {{small|(as Sikyong)}}
| first = Chankhyim Trekhang Thupten Shakya
| first =  
| last =
| abolished =
| superseded_by =
| succession =
| unofficial_names =
| deputy =
| salary =
| website = {{URL|http://www.tibet.net}}
| website = {{URL|http://www.tibet.net}}
| footnotes =
}}
}}


The '''Sikyong''' ({{bo |t = སྲིད་སྐྱོང༌ |w = srid-skyong |l = ˈsícóŋ}}) is the head of the [[Central Tibetan Administration]], a [[Tibet]]an exile organisation also known as the Tibetan [[Government-in-Exile]]. The title was created in 2012.
The '''{{lang|bo-Latn|Sikyong}}''' ({{bo |t = སྲིད་སྐྱོང༌ |w = srid-skyong |l = ˈsícóŋ}}) is the political leader of the [[Central Tibetan Administration]], a [[Tibet]]an exile organisation in India also known as the Tibetan [[government-in-exile]] based on the 2011 Charter of Tibetans-in-exile. The title was created in 2012 after the [[14th Dalai Lama]] decided not to assume any political and administrative authority as the head of the Tibetan Administration for Tibetans-in-exile.


The current Sikyong is [[Penpa Tsering]]. The Sikyong is the head of the [[Kashag]], part of the executive branch of the Central Tibetan Administration. This office should not be confused with the "Chairman of the Government of the [[Tibet Autonomous Region]]".<ref>西藏自治区人民政府主席</ref>
The current Sikyong is [[Penpa Tsering]]. The Sikyong is the political leader of the [[Kashag]], part of the executive branch of the Central Tibetan Administration. This office should not be confused with the "[[List of modern political leaders of Tibet#TAR Government Chairmen|Chairman of the People's Government of the Tibet Autonomous Region]]" ({{lang|zh|西藏自治区人民政府主席}}) appointed by the Communist government in Beijing.


The first directly elected [[Kalön]] Tripa was [[Lobsang Tenzin]], the [[Samdhong Rinpoche]], who was elected August 20, 2001.<ref>Donovan Roebert, ''Samdhong Rinpoche: Uncompromising Truth for a Compromised World'' ([[World Wisdom]], 2006) {{ISBN|978-1-933316-20-8}} (On August 20, 2001, Venerable Professor Samdhong Rinpoche was elected Kalon Tripa (Prime Minister) of the Tibetan Government in Exile, receiving 84.5% of the popular exile vote.)</ref> Based on the [[13-Article Ordinance for the More Effective Governing of Tibet]], Kashag should be composed of three temporal [[official]]s and one monk official. Each of them held the title of ''Kalön'' ({{bo |t = བཀའ་བློན་ |w = bkaʼ-blon |l = kálø ̃|lang=yes}}; {{zh |c = 噶倫 |p = gálún}}), should seek appointment from the Central Government.<ref name="WangNyima1997">{{cite book|author1=Jiawei Wang|author2=Gyaincain Nyima|author3=Jiawei Wang|title=The Historical Status of China's Tibet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ak3SQTVS7acC&pg=PA58|year=1997|isbn=978-7-80113-304-5|pages=58–}}</ref>
The first directly elected [[Kalön]] Tripa was [[Lobsang Tenzin]], the [[Samdhong Rinpoche]], who was elected August 20, 2001.<ref>Donovan Roebert, ''Samdhong Rinpoche: Uncompromising Truth for a Compromised World'' ([[World Wisdom]], 2006) {{ISBN|978-1-933316-20-8}} (On August 20, 2001, Venerable Professor Samdhong Rinpoche was elected Kalon Tripa (Prime Minister) of the Tibetan Government in Exile, receiving 84.5% of the popular exile vote.)</ref>  


Before 2011, the Kalön Tripa position was subordinate to the [[14th Dalai Lama]]<ref>[http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/t100000_.html The Charter of Tibetans in-Exile], Article 20 of the [[Constitution of Tibet]], retrieved 2010-03-19.</ref> who presided over the government in exile from its founding.<ref>[http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/t100000_.html The Charter of Tibetans in-Exile], Articles 19, 30, & 31 of the Constitution of Tibet, retrieved 2010-03-19.</ref> In 2011, the Dalai Lama announced that his political authority would be transferred to Sangay.<ref>Dean Nelson [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/tibet/8688087/Lobsang-Sangay-profile.html Lobsang Sangay: profile], The Telegraph, 08 Aug 2011</ref>
Before 2011, the Kalön Tripa position was subordinate to the [[14th Dalai Lama]]<ref>[https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/t100000_.html The Charter of Tibetans in-Exile], Article 20 of the [[Constitution of Tibet]], retrieved 2010-03-19.</ref> who presided over the government in exile from its founding.<ref>[https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/t100000_.html The Charter of Tibetans in-Exile], Articles 19, 30, & 31 of the Constitution of Tibet, retrieved 2010-03-19.</ref> In 2011, the Dalai Lama announced that his political authority would be transferred to the Sikyong.<ref>Dean Nelson [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/tibet/8688087/Lobsang-Sangay-profile.html Lobsang Sangay: profile], The Telegraph, 08 Aug 2011</ref>


== Kalön Tripa ==
== Kalön Tripa ==
On September 20, 2012, the 15th Tibetan Parliament-in-Exile unanimously voted to change the title of Kalön Tripa to ''Sikyong'' in Article 19 of the Charter of the Tibetans in exile and relevant articles.<ref>[http://www.phayul.com/news/article.aspx?id=32159&t=1 Tibetan Parliament changes 'Kalon Tripa' to 'Sikyong']</ref> The Dalai Lama had previously referred to the Kalon Tripa as Sikyong, and this usage was cited as the primary justification for the name change. According to ''Tibetan Review'', "Sikyong" translates to "political leader", as distinct from "spiritual leader".<ref name="TR">{{cite news |url = http://www.tibetanreview.net/news.php?id=11207 |title = Kalon Tripa to be now referred to as Sikyong |date = 2012-09-22 |accessdate = 2012-12-11 |publisher = Tibetan Review |url-status = dead |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20131017051755/http://www.tibetanreview.net/news.php?id=11207 |archivedate = 2013-10-17 }}</ref> Foreign affairs Kalon [[Dicki Chhoyang]] claimed that the term "Sikyong" has had a precedent dating back to the [[7th Dalai Lama]], and that the name change "ensures historical continuity and legitimacy of the traditional leadership from the fifth Dalai Lama".<ref>{{cite web |url = http://tibet.net/2012/11/16/international-support-groups-meet-in-dharamsala-to-deal-with-critical-situation-in-tibet/ |title = International Support Groups Meet in Dharamsala to Deal with Critical Situation In Tibet |date = 2012-11-16 |publisher = [[Central Tibetan Administration]]}}</ref> The online Dharma Dictionary translates sikyong (''srid skyong'') as "secular ruler; regime, regent"[http://rywiki.tsadra.org/index.php/srid_skyong]. The title ''sikyong'' had previously been used by [[regent]]s who ruled Tibet during the Dalai Lama's minority. It is also used in Tibetan to refer to the governors of the states of the United States.[http://rywiki.tsadra.org/index.php/mnga%27_sde%27i_srid_skyong]
On September 20, 2012, the 15th Tibetan Parliament-in-Exile unanimously voted to change the title of Kalön Tripa to ''Sikyong'' in Article 19 of the Charter of the Tibetans in exile and relevant articles.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.phayul.com/news/article.aspx?id=32159&t=1 |title=Tibetan Parliament changes 'Kalon Tripa' to 'Sikyong' |access-date=2012-09-24 |archive-date=2019-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502163748/http://www.phayul.com/news/article.aspx?id=32159&t=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The Dalai Lama had previously referred to the Kalon Tripa as Sikyong, and this usage was cited as the primary justification for the name change. According to ''Tibetan Review'', "Sikyong" translates to "political leader".<ref name="TR">{{cite news |url = http://www.tibetanreview.net/news.php?id=11207 |title = Kalon Tripa to be now referred to as Sikyong |date = 2012-09-22 |accessdate = 2012-12-11 |publisher = Tibetan Review |url-status = dead |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20131017051755/http://www.tibetanreview.net/news.php?id=11207 |archivedate = 2013-10-17 }}</ref> The online Dharma Dictionary translates sikyong (''srid skyong'') as "secular ruler; regime, regent".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rywiki.tsadra.org/index.php/srid_skyong|title = Srid skyong - Rangjung Yeshe Wiki - Dharma Dictionary}}</ref>
<!--== List of officeholders==--->


== List of ''Kalön Tripas'' and ''Sikyongs''{{citation needed|date=June 2016}}==
==''Kalön Tripa''==
===Tibet===
{{see also|Tibet (1912–1951)}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="9" |
! rowspan=2| {{Abbr|No.|Number}}
 
! rowspan=2| Portrait
===[[Tibet]]===
! rowspan=2| Name<br />{{small|(birth–death)}}
|--
! colspan=3| Term of office
! #
! rowspan=2| [[Dalai Lama]]
! colspan=2 |Name
! rowspan=2| {{Abbr|Ref.|Refences}}
! Took Office
|-
! Left Office
! Took office
!Monarch<br/>
! Left office
! Time in office
|-
|-
|1 || Chankhyim Trekhang Thupten Shakya||[[File:Chankyim Trekhang Thupten Shakya.jpg|180px]] || 1907 || 1920
| rowspan=4| 1
| rowspan="5" style="background:white" |[[Image:Thirteenth Dalai Lama Thubten Gyatso.jpg|200px]]<br><center> '''[[Dalai Lama]]<br> [[Thubten Gyatso]]'''</center> (1879 – 1933)
| [[File:Wangchuk_Gyalpo_Tsarong.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Tsarong Wangchuk Gyalpo]]'''<br />{{small|(1903–{{circa|1912}})}}
| 1903
| 1912
| {{age in years|1903|1912}} years
|rowspan=4|[[13th Dalai Lama]]<br />{{small|(1879–1933)}}
|-
|-
|2 || [[Paljor Dorje Shatra]] ||[[File:Paljor Dorje Shatra.jpg|180px]] ||1907 || 1923
| [[File:Chankyim Trekhang Thupten Shakya.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Chankhyim Trekhang Thupten Shakya]]'''<br />{{small|(?–{{circa|1920}})}}
| 1907
| 1920
| {{age in years|1907|1920}} years
|
|-
|-
|3|| Sholkhang Dhondup Phuntsog ||[[File:13th_Dalai_Lama_1910_in_India.png|180px]]|| 1907||1926
| [[File:Paljor Dorje Shatra.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Paljor Dorje Shatra]]'''<br />{{small|({{circa|1860}}–{{circa|1926}})}}
| 1907
| 1923
| {{age in years|1907|1923}} years
|  
|-
|-
|4|| Langdun Kunga Wangchuk || [[File:Langdun Kunga Wangchuk 6.jpg|180px]] ||1926 || 1940
| [[File:Hastings House Calcutta 1910 (Sholkhang).jpg|80px]]
| '''{{ill|Sholkhang Dhondup Phuntsog|fr|Sholkhang}}'''<br />{{small|(1862–1926)}}
| 1907
| 1926
| {{age in years|1907|1926}} years
|  
|-
|-
| rowspan=2|5 || Lobsang Tashi || [[File:本珠仓·洛桑扎西.jpg|295x295px]]||1950||1952
| 2
| [[File:Langdun Kunga Wangchuk 6.jpg|80px]]
| '''{{ill|Langdun|fr}}'''<br />{{small|(1906–1980)}}
| 1926
| 1940
| {{age in years|1926|1940}} years
| [[13th Dalai Lama]]<br />{{small|(1879–1933)}}<br />[[14th Dalai Lama]]<br />{{small|(1937–1950)}}
|  
|-
|-
|| Lukhangwa Tsewang Rabden|| [[File:鲁康娃·泽旺饶登.jpg|316x316px]] ||1950||1952
| rowspan=2| 3
| rowspan="1" style="background:white" |[[Image:Tenzin Gyatso as a young boy.jpg|200px]]<br><center> '''[[Dalai Lama]]<br> [[Tenzin Gyatso]]'''</center> (reigned in Tibet 1937 – 1950; 1937 onwards as Dalai Lama)
| [[File:本珠仓·洛桑扎西.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Lobsang Tashi]]'''<br />{{small|(1897–1966)}}
| 1950
| 27 April 1952
| {{age in years|1950|1952}} years
| rowspan=2| [[14th Dalai Lama]]<br />{{small|(1937–1950)}}
|
|-
|-
! colspan="9" |
| [[File:鲁康娃·泽旺饶登.jpg|80px]]
| '''{{ill|Lukhangwa|fr}}'''<br />{{small|(1895–1966)}}
| 1950
| 27 April 1952
| {{age in years|1950|1952}} years
|
|}


=== [[Central Tibetan Administration]] — Kalön Tripa ===
==''Kashag''{{citation needed|date=June 2016}}==
|-- bgcolor="#dcdcdc"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! #
! rowspan=2| {{Abbr|No.|Number}}
! colspan=2 |Name
! rowspan=2| Portrait
! Took Office
! rowspan=2| Name<br />{{small|(birth–death)}}
! Left Office
! colspan=3| Term of office
!Monarch
! rowspan=2| [[Dalai Lama]]
! rowspan=2| {{Abbr|Ref.|Refences}}
|-
! Took office
! Left office
! Time in office
|-
| 1
| [[File:No image.png|80px]]
| '''[[Jangsa Tsangy]]'''
| 1959
| 1960
| {{age in years|1959|1960}} years
| rowspan=13| [[14th Dalai Lama]]<br />{{small|''in exile''<br />(1950–present)}}
|
|-
|-
| 1 || Jangsa Tsangy || [[File:No image.png|180px]] || 1959 || 1960
| 2
| rowspan="13" style="background:white" | <center>[[Image:Dalai Lama 1430 Luca Galuzzi 2007.jpg|200px]]</center><br> <center>'''[[Dalai Lama]]<br> [[Tenzin Gyatso]]'''</center> (reigned in exile 1950 – 2011; 1937 onwards as Dalai Lama)
| [[File:Shokhang.jpg|80px]]
| '''{{ill|Surkhang Wangchen Gelek|fr}}'''<br />{{small|(1910–1977)}}
| 1960
| 1964
| {{age in years|1960|1964}} years
|
|-
|-
| 2 || Surkhang Wangchen Gelek || [[File:Wangchen Geleg Surkhang, Phuntsog Rabgye Ragashar.jpg|180px]] || 1960 || 1964
| 3
| [[File:No image.png|80px]]
| '''{{ill|Gyurme Sonam Topgyal|fr}}'''<br />{{small|(1896–1967)}}
| 1965
| 1967 †
| {{age in years|1965|1967}} years
|  
|-
|-
| 3 || Gyurme Sonam Topgyal || [[File:先喀·居美多吉（夏苏）、洛桑扎西、柳霞·土登塔巴.jpg|180px]] || 1965 || 1970
| 4
| [[File:No image.png|80px]]
| '''{{ill|Garang Lobsang Rigzin|fr}}'''<br />{{small|(1905–?)}}
| 1970
| 1975
| {{age in years|1970|1975}} years
|
|-
|-
| 4 || Garang Lobsang Rigzin || [[File:No image.png|180px]] || 1970 || 1975
| 5
| [[File:Kundeling Dzasa Woser Gyaltsen.jpg|80px]]
| '''{{ill|Kundeling Woeser Gyaltsen|lt=Kunling Woeser Gyaltsen|fr}}'''<br />{{small|(1915–2001)}}
| 1975
| 1980
| {{age in years|1975|1980}} years
|
|-
|-
| 5 || Kunling Woeser Gyaltsen || [[File:No image.png|180px]] || 1975 || 1980
| 6
| [[File:No image.png|80px]]
| '''{{ill|Wangdue Dorjee|fr}}'''<br />{{small|(1919–1994)}}
| 1980
| 1985
| {{age in years|1980|1985}} years
|
|-
|-
| 6 || Wangdue Dorjee || [[File:No image.png|180px]] || 1980 || 1985
| 7
| [[File:Voa Juchen Thupten Namgyal 480.jpg|80px]]
| '''{{ill|Juchen Thupten Namgyal|fr}}'''<br />{{small|(1929–2011)}}
| 1985
| 1990
| {{age in years|1985|1990}} years
|
|-
|-
| 7 || Juchen Thupten Namgyal || [[File:Voa Juchen Thupten Namgyal 480.jpg|180px]] || 1985 || 1990
| 8
|--
| [[File:No image.png|80px]]
| 8 || Kalsang Yeshi ||[[File:No image.png|180px]] || 1990 || 1991
| '''{{ill|Kalsang Yeshi|fr}}'''<br />{{small|(born 1941)}}
|--
| 1990
| 9 || [[Gyalo Thondup]] || [[File:Gyalo Thondup.jpg|180px]] || 1991 || 1993
| 1991
| {{age in years|1990|1991}} years
|  
|-
|-
| 10 || [[Tenzin Tethong]] || [[File:Tenzin Tethong.jpg|180px]] || 1993 || 1996
| 9
| [[File:Gyalo Thondup.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Gyalo Thondup]]'''<br />{{small|(1928–2025)}}
| 1991
| 1993
| {{age in years|1991|1993}} years
|  
|-
|-
| 11 || [[Sonam Topgyal]] || [[File:Sonam Topgyal.jpg|180px]] || 1996 || 2001
| 10
| [[File:Tenzin Tethong.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Tenzin Tethong]]'''<br />{{small|(born 1947)}}
| 1993
| 1996
| {{age in years|1993|1996}} years
|  
|-
|-
| 12 || [[Lobsang Tenzin]] || [[File:Samdhong Rinpoche Lobsang Tenzin crop.JPG|180px]] || 2001 || 2011
| 11
| [[File:Sonam Topgyal (cropped).jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Sonam Topgyal]]'''<br />{{small|(1940–2012)}}
| April 1997
| 5 September 2001
| {{age in years and months|1997|04|1|2001|09|05}}
| <ref>{{cite news |last1=Jay |first1=Sophie |title=Former Tibetan prime minister, Sonam Topgyal, dies in Dharamshala |url=https://www.thetibetpost.com/en/news/exile/3134-tibets-former-prime-minister-sonam-topgyal-dies-in-dharamshala |access-date=24 November 2021 |work=thetibetpost.com |publisher=Tibet Post International |date=31 December 2012}}</ref>
|-
|-
| 13 || [[Lobsang Sangay]] || [[File:Lobsang Sangay, Tibetan Prime Minister.jpg|180px]] || 2011 || 2012
| 12
| [[File:Samdhong Rinpoche Lobsang Tenzin crop.JPG|80px]]
| '''[[Lobsang Tenzin]]'''<br />{{small|(born 1937)}}
| 5 September 2001
| 8 August 2011
| {{ayd|2001|09|05|2011|08|08}}
|  
|-
|-
! colspan="9" |
| 13
| [[File:Lobsang Sangay, Tibetan Prime Minister.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Lobsang Sangay]]'''<br />{{small|(born 1968)}}
| 8 August 2011
| 20 September 2012
| {{ayd|2011|08|08|2012|09|20}}
|
|}


=== [[Central Tibetan Administration]] — Sikyong ===
==''Sikyong''==
|-- bgcolor="#dcdcdc"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! #
! rowspan=2| {{Abbr|No.|Number}}
! colspan=2 |Name
! rowspan=2| Portrait
! Took Office
! rowspan=2| Name<br />{{small|(birth–death)}}
! Left Office
! colspan=3| Term of office
!Head of State
! rowspan=2| [[Kashag|Cabinet]]<ref name=Cabinet>{{cite web |title=The Kashag (Cabinet) |url=https://tibet.net/about-cta/executive/ |website=Central Tibetan Administration |access-date=24 November 2021}}</ref>
! rowspan=2| Elected
! rowspan=2| {{Abbr|Ref.|Refences}}
|-
|-
| 13 || [[Lobsang Sangay]] || [[File:Lobsang Sangay, Tibetan Prime Minister.jpg|180px]] || 2012 || 21 May 2021
! Took office
| rowspan="1" style="background:white" | <center>Himself</center><!---The Sikyong does not serve under the Dalai Lama. inserting the Dalai Lama here is misleading, since the DL has no role in the Central Tibetan Administration since 2012--->
! Left office
! Time in office
|-
! rowspan="2"| 1
| rowspan="2"| [[File:Lobsang Sangay, Tibetan Prime Minister.jpg|80px]]
| rowspan="2"| '''[[Lobsang Sangay]]'''<br />{{small|(born 1968)}}
| rowspan="2"| 20 September 2012
| rowspan="2"| 21 May 2021
| rowspan="2"| {{ayd|2012|09|20|2021|05|21}}
| [[14th cabinet (Tibet)|14th cabinet]]
| [[2011 Central Tibetan Administration general election|2011-12]]
| rowspan="2"|
|-
| [[15th cabinet (Tibet)|15th cabinet]]
| [[2016 Central Tibetan Administration general election|2016-17]]
|-
! rowspan="2"| 2
| rowspan="2"|
| rowspan="2"| '''[[Penpa Tsering]]'''<br />{{small|(born 1967)}}
| rowspan="2"| 21 May 2021
| rowspan="2"| ''Incumbent''
| rowspan="2"| {{ayd|2021|05|21}}
| [[16th cabinet (Tibet)|16th cabinet]]
| {{endash}}
| rowspan="2"|
|-
| [[17th cabinet (Tibet)|17th cabinet]]
| [[2021 Central Tibetan Administration general election|2021-22]]
|-
|-
|14
|[[Penpa Tsering]]
|[[File:Penpa_Tsering_-_Sikyong.jpg|alt=|frameless]]
|21 May 2021
|Present
|Himself
|}
|}
== See also ==
* [[2021 Central Tibetan Administration general election]]


== References ==
== References ==
Line 124: Line 304:
== External links ==
== External links ==
; Speech/transcription
; Speech/transcription
* [https://tibet.net/penpa-tsering-sworn-in-as-the-sikyong-of-16th-kashag/ Penpa Tsering sworn in as the Sikyong of 16th Kashag]
* [https://tibet.net/penpa-tsering-sworn-in-as-the-sikyong-of-16th-kashag/ Penpa Tsering sworn in as the Sikyong of 16th Kashag]
 
* [https://www.vifindia.org/transcriptions-paper/2011/09/6-7/Seminar-on-Tibet-in-the-Aftermath-of-Devolution-of-Political-Authority Key note address by Dr. Lobsang Sangay, Kalon Tripa, Tibetan Government in Exile on 06 September 2011 at the VIF Seminar on Tibet]
* [http://www.vifindia.org/transcriptions-paper/2011/09/6-7/Seminar-on-Tibet-in-the-Aftermath-of-Devolution-of-Political-Authority Key note address by Dr. Lobsang Sangay, Kalon Tripa, Tibetan Government in Exile on 06 September 2011 at the VIF Seminar on Tibet]
 
== See also ==
* [[2021 Central Tibetan Administration general election]]


; Elections
; Elections
Line 140: Line 315:
{{Tibetan elections}}
{{Tibetan elections}}


[[Category:Central Tibetan Administration elections|2021]]
[[Category:Central Tibetan Administration]]
[[Category:Central Tibetan Administration]]
[[Category:Prime Ministers of Tibet| ]]
[[Category:Prime ministers of Tibet| ]]
[[Category:2021 Central Tibetan Administration general election]]

Latest revision as of 00:21, 8 March 2026


Head of the Central Tibetan Administration
སྲིད་སྐྱོང༌
Emblem of Tibet
Incumbent
Penpa Tsering
since 21 May 2021
Central Tibetan Administration
StyleHis Excellency
Member ofCabinet
ResidenceDharamsala, India
AppointerDirect popular vote
Term lengthFive years
Formation1907 (as Kalön Tripa)
8 August 2011 (as Sikyong)
Websitewww.tibet.net

The Sikyong (Tibetan: སྲིད་སྐྱོང༌, Wylie: srid-skyong, Lhasa dialect: Template:IPA-bo) is the political leader of the Central Tibetan Administration, a Tibetan exile organisation in India also known as the Tibetan government-in-exile based on the 2011 Charter of Tibetans-in-exile. The title was created in 2012 after the 14th Dalai Lama decided not to assume any political and administrative authority as the head of the Tibetan Administration for Tibetans-in-exile.

The current Sikyong is Penpa Tsering. The Sikyong is the political leader of the Kashag, part of the executive branch of the Central Tibetan Administration. This office should not be confused with the "Chairman of the People's Government of the Tibet Autonomous Region" (西藏自治区人民政府主席) appointed by the Communist government in Beijing.

The first directly elected Kalön Tripa was Lobsang Tenzin, the Samdhong Rinpoche, who was elected August 20, 2001.[1]

Before 2011, the Kalön Tripa position was subordinate to the 14th Dalai Lama[2] who presided over the government in exile from its founding.[3] In 2011, the Dalai Lama announced that his political authority would be transferred to the Sikyong.[4]

Kalön Tripa[edit | edit source]

On September 20, 2012, the 15th Tibetan Parliament-in-Exile unanimously voted to change the title of Kalön Tripa to Sikyong in Article 19 of the Charter of the Tibetans in exile and relevant articles.[5] The Dalai Lama had previously referred to the Kalon Tripa as Sikyong, and this usage was cited as the primary justification for the name change. According to Tibetan Review, "Sikyong" translates to "political leader".[6] The online Dharma Dictionary translates sikyong (srid skyong) as "secular ruler; regime, regent".[7]

Kalön Tripa[edit | edit source]

Tibet[edit | edit source]

See also: Tibet (1912–1951)
No. Portrait Name
(birth–death) 		Term of office Dalai Lama Ref.
Took office Left office Time in office
1 Tsarong Wangchuk Gyalpo
(1903–c. 1912) 		1903 1912 8–9 years 13th Dalai Lama
(1879–1933)
Chankhyim Trekhang Thupten Shakya
(?–c. 1920) 		1907 1920 12–13 years
Paljor Dorje Shatra
(c. 1860–c. 1926) 		1907 1923 15–16 years
Sholkhang Dhondup Phuntsog [fr]
(1862–1926) 		1907 1926 18–19 years
2 Langdun [fr]
(1906–1980) 		1926 1940 13–14 years 13th Dalai Lama
(1879–1933)
14th Dalai Lama
(1937–1950)
3 Lobsang Tashi
(1897–1966) 		1950 27 April 1952 1–2 years 14th Dalai Lama
(1937–1950)
Lukhangwa [fr]
(1895–1966) 		1950 27 April 1952 1–2 years

Kashag[citation needed][edit | edit source]

No. Portrait Name
(birth–death) 		Term of office Dalai Lama Ref.
Took office Left office Time in office
1 Jangsa Tsangy 1959 1960 0–1 years 14th Dalai Lama
in exile
(1950–present)
2 Surkhang Wangchen Gelek [fr]
(1910–1977) 		1960 1964 3–4 years
3 Gyurme Sonam Topgyal [fr]
(1896–1967) 		1965 1967 † 1–2 years
4 Garang Lobsang Rigzin [fr]
(1905–?) 		1970 1975 4–5 years
5 Kunling Woeser Gyaltsen [fr]
(1915–2001) 		1975 1980 4–5 years
6 Wangdue Dorjee [fr]
(1919–1994) 		1980 1985 4–5 years
7 Juchen Thupten Namgyal [fr]
(1929–2011) 		1985 1990 4–5 years
8 Kalsang Yeshi [fr]
(born 1941) 		1990 1991 0–1 years
9 Gyalo Thondup
(1928–2025) 		1991 1993 1–2 years
10 Tenzin Tethong
(born 1947) 		1993 1996 2–3 years
11 Sonam Topgyal
(1940–2012) 		April 1997 5 September 2001 4 years, 5 months [8]
12 Lobsang Tenzin
(born 1937) 		5 September 2001 8 August 2011 9 years, 337 days
13 Lobsang Sangay
(born 1968) 		8 August 2011 20 September 2012 1 year, 43 days

Sikyong[edit | edit source]

No. Portrait Name
(birth–death) 		Term of office Cabinet[9] Elected Ref.
Took office Left office Time in office
1 Lobsang Sangay
(born 1968) 		20 September 2012 21 May 2021 8 years, 243 days 14th cabinet 2011-12
15th cabinet 2016-17
2 Penpa Tsering
(born 1967) 		21 May 2021 Incumbent 5 years, 73 days 16th cabinet –
17th cabinet 2021-22

See also[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ Donovan Roebert, Samdhong Rinpoche: Uncompromising Truth for a Compromised World (World Wisdom, 2006) ISBN 978-1-933316-20-8 (On August 20, 2001, Venerable Professor Samdhong Rinpoche was elected Kalon Tripa (Prime Minister) of the Tibetan Government in Exile, receiving 84.5% of the popular exile vote.)
  2. ↑ The Charter of Tibetans in-Exile, Article 20 of the Constitution of Tibet, retrieved 2010-03-19.
  3. ↑ The Charter of Tibetans in-Exile, Articles 19, 30, & 31 of the Constitution of Tibet, retrieved 2010-03-19.
  4. ↑ Dean Nelson Lobsang Sangay: profile, The Telegraph, 08 Aug 2011
  5. ↑ "Tibetan Parliament changes 'Kalon Tripa' to 'Sikyong'". Archived from the original on 2019-05-02. Retrieved 2012-09-24.
  6. ↑ "Kalon Tripa to be now referred to as Sikyong". Tibetan Review. 2012-09-22. Archived from the original on 2013-10-17. Retrieved 2012-12-11.
  7. ↑ "Srid skyong - Rangjung Yeshe Wiki - Dharma Dictionary".
  8. ↑ Jay, Sophie (31 December 2012). "Former Tibetan prime minister, Sonam Topgyal, dies in Dharamshala". thetibetpost.com. Tibet Post International. Retrieved 24 November 2021.
  9. ↑ "The Kashag (Cabinet)". Central Tibetan Administration. Retrieved 24 November 2021.

External links[edit | edit source]

Speech/transcription
Elections

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