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{{ | {{short description|Town in India}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}} | ||
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}} | {{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}} | ||
<!-- See [[Bharatpedia:WikiProject Indian cities]] for details -->{{Infobox settlement | |||
<!-- See [[ | | name = Bayana | ||
| name | | settlement_type = Town | ||
| nickname = City of [[Banasura]] | |||
| coordinates = {{coord|26.9|N|77.28|E|display=inline,title}} | |||
| settlement_type | | subdivision_type = Country | ||
| nickname | | subdivision_name = India | ||
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]] | |||
| subdivision_name1 = [[Rajasthan]] | |||
| coordinates | | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]] | ||
| subdivision_type | | subdivision_name2 = [[Bharatpur district|Bharatpur]] | ||
| subdivision_name | | government_type = Municipality | ||
| subdivision_type1 | | unit_pref = Metric | ||
| subdivision_name1 | | elevation_m = 196 | ||
| subdivision_type2 | | population_total = 55000 | ||
| subdivision_name2 | | population_as_of = 2011 | ||
| government_type | | population_density_km2 = auto | ||
| unit_pref | | demographics_type1 = Languages | ||
| elevation_m | | demographics1_title1 = Official | ||
| population_total | | demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]] | ||
| population_as_of | | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | ||
| population_density_km2 | | utc_offset1 = +5:30 | ||
| demographics_type1 | | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] | ||
| demographics1_title1 | | postal_code = 321401 | ||
| demographics1_info1 | | registration_plate = RJ-05 | ||
| timezone1 | | mapframe = yes | ||
| utc_offset1 | |||
| postal_code_type | |||
| postal_code | |||
| registration_plate | |||
}} | }} | ||
'''Bayana''' is a historical town in [[Bharatpur district]] of [[Rajasthan]] | '''Bayana''' is a historical town and the headquarters of Bayana tehsil in the [[Bharatpur district]] of [[Rajasthan]], [[India]]. [[Hindaun]], the nearest city to Bayana, is just {{convert|33|km|0|abbr=on}} away. Bayana is also known as the "City of Bansasura". | ||
== History == | |||
Although '''Bayana''' fort was chiefly regalities as ruling Headquarters of [[Bharatpur State|Bharatpur Kingdom]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Grabar |first=Oleg |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=klx0xib6jFUC&dq=their+was+fort+have+called+under+the+Jats+at+they+bayana&pg=PA115 |title=Muqarnas: An Annual on Islamic Art and Architecture |date=1987 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-08155-0 |page=115 |language=en |quote=When the Mughal Empire broke up, the local Jat rulers made Bayana part of the kingdom of Bharatpur. It seems that only the town was used by the Jats. The fort is now totally deserted.}}</ref> 1195 AD and 1196 AD, Mohammad Ghori attacked Bayana, during which the ruler Raja Kumarpala faced the defeat.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mu'izz al-Din Muhammad Sam returned to India in 1196 to consolidate his hold around the present-day Rajasthan. The territory of Bayana was under the control of a sect of Jadaun Rajputs. The Ghurids stormed the Hill Fort of Vijaymandirgarh, which was ruled by Kumarpal. The rajputs were defeated, and the fort was placed under the guard of Mu'izz al-Din Muhammad Ibn Sam's senior slave Baha al-Din Tughrul, who later established Sultankot, a township in Bayana. Tughrul also reduced the Fort of Gwalior, whose Parihar (a rajput clan) Chief Sallakhanapala surrendered and accepted the Ghurid suzerainty. |url=https://hdheritagewalks.wordpress.com/2023/09/22/ukha-mandir-masjid-ghurid-mosque-bayana-bharatpur-district-rajasthan/#:~:text=Mu%E2%80%99izz%20al%2DDin%20Muhammad%20Sam,and%20accepted%20the%20Ghurid%20suzerainty. |website=HD Heritage Walks| date=22 September 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Umair Mirza |url=https://archive.org/details/a-comprehensive-history-of-india-delhi-sultanate_202303 |title=A Comprehensive History of India, Delhi Sultanate |date=1970-08-01 |pages=169}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Srivastav |first=Ashirbadilal |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.429869 |title=Delhi Sultanate (711 To 1526) – '११९५-९६ ई. में मुहम्मद ने फिर भारत पर आक्रमण किया और जादौंभट्टी राजपूतों की राजधानी बयाना को घेर लिया। राजा कुमारपाल ने थंगीर क्रे किले से शत्रु का मुकाबला किया किन्तु अन्त में उसे हथियार डालने पड़े । आ्राक्मणकारी ने थंगीर और विजय-मन्दिरगढ़ के किलों पर अधिकार क्र लिया और उनकी रक्षा के लिए बहाउद्दीन तुगरिल की अ्रधीनता में तुर्की सैनिक _ नियुक्त कर दिग्रे। ' |date=1965 |edition=4th |page=111 |language=Hindi}}</ref>{{Cn|date=May 2025}} | |||
== | === Vedic period=== | ||
{{see also | Vedic period | Mahabharta }} | |||
It is called the "City of Banasura" because of the premonition of Usha, the daughter of Banasura and Aniruddha and the great-grandson of [[Krishna|Lord Krishna]], which is described in Srimad Bhagwat 10.62 and [[Puranas]]. | |||
===3rd-4th century: Gupta dynasty=== | |||
The Usha Mandir temple is proof of this. In 322 AD, the [[Gupta Empire|Gupta dynasty]] was ruled by [[Chandragupta II]]. At that time Pushpa Gupta was appointed as its governor in the area of Sripath. From 371 AD to 372 AD, the feudatory warlord Kshatriya of Emperor [[Samudragupta]] erected the Yajna Pillar.{{Citation needed|date=September 2025}} Its remains are still present today. There is also evidence that there was a fort here at that time too. | |||
=== 4th century: Pushyabhuti dynasty's Bhimalat === | |||
The Bhimalat was built in 371 AD. It is also called Vijay Pillar. The pillar was built by King Vishnu Vardhan of [[Pushyabhuti dynasty]] (Vardhan dynasty) at the conclusion of the Pundarik [[Yajna]]. This pillar is a monolithic pillar made of red sandstone. The pillar stands on a platform that is 13.6 feet long and 9.2 feet wide. The length of the pillar is 26.3 feet. The first 22.7-foot section is octagonal. It is clear from the metal on the top of the pillar that there must have been something on top of it as well. | |||
===9th-11th century: Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty=== | |||
In 960 AD, the [[Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty]] ruled. Queen [[Chitralekha (Hinduism)|Chitralekha]] of the Fakka dynasty and King Laxman San built the Usha Mandir temple under the rule of Emperor Mahipal. Maharaja Vijayapala ruled from 999 AD to 1043 AD. | |||
===12th-17th century: Muslim and Hindu Rajput period=== | |||
The [[Delhi Sultanate]] (12th-16th century) rule was followed by the [[Mughal Empire]] (16th-18th century) when Bayana was the site of the [[Battle of Bayana]] in 1527 between [[Rajput]] ruler [[Rana Sanga]], the ruler of [[Mewar]], and [[Mughal dynasty|Mughal]] emperor [[Babur]]. | |||
The īdgāh of Bayana (c. 1195), likely constructed during the tenure of Bahā al-Dīn Tughrul, the first Muslim governor of Bayana between 1195 and 1210,<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Shokoohy |first1=Mehrdad |last2=Shokoohy |first2=Natalie H. |date=1987 |title=The Architecture of Baha al-Din Tughrul in the Region of Bayana, Rajasthan |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/1523099 |journal=Muqarnas |volume=4 |pages=114–132 |doi=10.2307/1523099 |jstor=1523099|url-access=subscription }}</ref> has 60 m long freestanding wall, with a central miḥrāb flanked by four smaller niches on each side, and a circular tower on the two ends and an open paved platform in front.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Shokoohy |first1=Mehrdad |title=Sifting Sands, Reading Signs: Studies in Honour of Professor Géza Fehérvári |last2=Shokoohy |first2=Natalie H. |publisher=Furnace Publishing for SOAS |year=2006 |editor-last=Barbara Brend |editor-first=Patricia L. Baker |location=London |pages=105–119 |chapter=The Indian ‘idgah and its Persian prototype the namazgāh or musalla}}</ref> It has a central mihrab that is built as a square chamber projecting behind the qibla wall and roofed by a corbelled dome, in emulation of the arcaded iwāns of Iran and Afghanistan. Traces of the original minbar can be seen on the right of the central mihrab.<ref name=":0" /> | |||
===18th-20th century: Hindu Jat period=== | |||
With [[decline of the Mughal Empire]] the [[jats]] of [[Bharatpur State|Bharatpur]] (18-20th century) ruled. The remains and inscriptions of dozens of buildings exist that date back to these periods. | |||
== Geography == | |||
{{Unreferenced section|date=February 2022}} | {{Unreferenced section|date=February 2022}} | ||
Bayana is located in a small plain, between two hill ranges running more or less parallel to each other near the left bank of the [[Gambhir river, Rajasthan|Gambhir river]], at a distance of {{convert|45|km|0|abbr=on}} from [[Bharatpur, India|Bharatpur]]. Bayana is located at {{Coord|26.9|N|77.28|E|}}.<ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/24/Bayana.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc – Bayana]</ref> It has an average elevation of 196 metres (643 feet). | |||
==Economy == | |||
Bayana has a large industrial area known as riico Bayana, which mainly consist of stone industries. | |||
== Tourism== | |||
=== Usha temple and mosque === | |||
Bayana is home to the co-located Usha temple associated with the Banasur and the Usha Mosque. | |||
=== | == Transport== | ||
[[Bayana Junction railway station]] is a major railway station situated on Delhi Mumbai Railway network which connects people to major cities like [[Delhi]], [[Mathura]], [[Kota, Rajasthan|Kota]] and [[Agra]] etc. Daily passenger trains also originate from and terminate to Bayana jn. | |||
Bayana is | |||
== See also == | |||
* [[Brij]] | |||
==References== | == References == | ||
{{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||
Latest revision as of 23:41, 13 March 2026
Bayana | |
|---|---|
Town | |
| Nickname: City of Banasura | |
| Coordinates: 26°54′N 77°17′E / 26.9°N 77.28°E | |
| Country | India |
| State | Rajasthan |
| District | Bharatpur |
| Government | |
| • Type | Municipality |
| Elevation | 196 m (643 ft) |
| Population (2011) | |
| • Total | 55,000 |
| Languages | |
| • Official | Hindi |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 321401 |
| Vehicle registration | RJ-05 |
Bayana is a historical town and the headquarters of Bayana tehsil in the Bharatpur district of Rajasthan, India. Hindaun, the nearest city to Bayana, is just 33 km (21 mi) away. Bayana is also known as the "City of Bansasura".
History[edit | edit source]
Although Bayana fort was chiefly regalities as ruling Headquarters of Bharatpur Kingdom[1] 1195 AD and 1196 AD, Mohammad Ghori attacked Bayana, during which the ruler Raja Kumarpala faced the defeat.[2][3][4][citation needed]
Vedic period[edit | edit source]
It is called the "City of Banasura" because of the premonition of Usha, the daughter of Banasura and Aniruddha and the great-grandson of Lord Krishna, which is described in Srimad Bhagwat 10.62 and Puranas.
3rd-4th century: Gupta dynasty[edit | edit source]
The Usha Mandir temple is proof of this. In 322 AD, the Gupta dynasty was ruled by Chandragupta II. At that time Pushpa Gupta was appointed as its governor in the area of Sripath. From 371 AD to 372 AD, the feudatory warlord Kshatriya of Emperor Samudragupta erected the Yajna Pillar.[citation needed] Its remains are still present today. There is also evidence that there was a fort here at that time too.
4th century: Pushyabhuti dynasty's Bhimalat[edit | edit source]
The Bhimalat was built in 371 AD. It is also called Vijay Pillar. The pillar was built by King Vishnu Vardhan of Pushyabhuti dynasty (Vardhan dynasty) at the conclusion of the Pundarik Yajna. This pillar is a monolithic pillar made of red sandstone. The pillar stands on a platform that is 13.6 feet long and 9.2 feet wide. The length of the pillar is 26.3 feet. The first 22.7-foot section is octagonal. It is clear from the metal on the top of the pillar that there must have been something on top of it as well.
9th-11th century: Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty[edit | edit source]
In 960 AD, the Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty ruled. Queen Chitralekha of the Fakka dynasty and King Laxman San built the Usha Mandir temple under the rule of Emperor Mahipal. Maharaja Vijayapala ruled from 999 AD to 1043 AD.
12th-17th century: Muslim and Hindu Rajput period[edit | edit source]
The Delhi Sultanate (12th-16th century) rule was followed by the Mughal Empire (16th-18th century) when Bayana was the site of the Battle of Bayana in 1527 between Rajput ruler Rana Sanga, the ruler of Mewar, and Mughal emperor Babur.
The īdgāh of Bayana (c. 1195), likely constructed during the tenure of Bahā al-Dīn Tughrul, the first Muslim governor of Bayana between 1195 and 1210,[5] has 60 m long freestanding wall, with a central miḥrāb flanked by four smaller niches on each side, and a circular tower on the two ends and an open paved platform in front.[6] It has a central mihrab that is built as a square chamber projecting behind the qibla wall and roofed by a corbelled dome, in emulation of the arcaded iwāns of Iran and Afghanistan. Traces of the original minbar can be seen on the right of the central mihrab.[5]
18th-20th century: Hindu Jat period[edit | edit source]
With decline of the Mughal Empire the jats of Bharatpur (18-20th century) ruled. The remains and inscriptions of dozens of buildings exist that date back to these periods.
Geography[edit | edit source]
 | This section does not cite any sources. (February 2022) |
Bayana is located in a small plain, between two hill ranges running more or less parallel to each other near the left bank of the Gambhir river, at a distance of 45 km (28 mi) from Bharatpur. Bayana is located at 26°54′N 77°17′E / 26.9°N 77.28°E.[7] It has an average elevation of 196 metres (643 feet).
Economy[edit | edit source]
Bayana has a large industrial area known as riico Bayana, which mainly consist of stone industries.
Tourism[edit | edit source]
Usha temple and mosque[edit | edit source]
Bayana is home to the co-located Usha temple associated with the Banasur and the Usha Mosque.
Transport[edit | edit source]
Bayana Junction railway station is a major railway station situated on Delhi Mumbai Railway network which connects people to major cities like Delhi, Mathura, Kota and Agra etc. Daily passenger trains also originate from and terminate to Bayana jn.
See also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Grabar, Oleg (1987). Muqarnas: An Annual on Islamic Art and Architecture. BRILL. p. 115. ISBN 978-90-04-08155-0.
When the Mughal Empire broke up, the local Jat rulers made Bayana part of the kingdom of Bharatpur. It seems that only the town was used by the Jats. The fort is now totally deserted.
- ↑ "Mu'izz al-Din Muhammad Sam returned to India in 1196 to consolidate his hold around the present-day Rajasthan. The territory of Bayana was under the control of a sect of Jadaun Rajputs. The Ghurids stormed the Hill Fort of Vijaymandirgarh, which was ruled by Kumarpal. The rajputs were defeated, and the fort was placed under the guard of Mu'izz al-Din Muhammad Ibn Sam's senior slave Baha al-Din Tughrul, who later established Sultankot, a township in Bayana. Tughrul also reduced the Fort of Gwalior, whose Parihar (a rajput clan) Chief Sallakhanapala surrendered and accepted the Ghurid suzerainty". HD Heritage Walks. 22 September 2023.
- ↑ Umair Mirza (1 August 1970). A Comprehensive History of India, Delhi Sultanate. p. 169.
- ↑ Srivastav, Ashirbadilal (1965). Delhi Sultanate (711 To 1526) – '११९५-९६ ई. में मुहम्मद ने फिर भारत पर आक्रमण किया और जादौंभट्टी राजपूतों की राजधानी बयाना को घेर लिया। राजा कुमारपाल ने थंगीर क्रे किले से शत्रु का मुकाबला किया किन्तु अन्त में उसे हथियार डालने पड़े । आ्राक्मणकारी ने थंगीर और विजय-मन्दिरगढ़ के किलों पर अधिकार क्र लिया और उनकी रक्षा के लिए बहाउद्दीन तुगरिल की अ्रधीनता में तुर्की सैनिक _ नियुक्त कर दिग्रे। ' (in Hindi) (4th ed.). p. 111.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ↑ 5.0 5.1 Shokoohy, Mehrdad; Shokoohy, Natalie H. (1987). "The Architecture of Baha al-Din Tughrul in the Region of Bayana, Rajasthan". Muqarnas. 4: 114–132. doi:10.2307/1523099. JSTOR 1523099.
- ↑ Shokoohy, Mehrdad; Shokoohy, Natalie H. (2006). "The Indian 'idgah and its Persian prototype the namazgāh or musalla". In Barbara Brend, Patricia L. Baker (ed.). Sifting Sands, Reading Signs: Studies in Honour of Professor Géza Fehérvári. London: Furnace Publishing for SOAS. pp. 105–119.
- ↑ Falling Rain Genomics, Inc – Bayana