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| {{Short description|City in Bihar, India}}
| | #REDIRECT [[Gaya, India]] |
| {{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
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| {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
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| {{Infobox settlement
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| | name = Gaya
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| | other_name =
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| | settlement_type = [[City]]
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| | image_skyline = {{multiple image
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| | border = infobox
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| | total_width = 290
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| | image_style = border:1
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| | perrow = 1/1
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| | image1 = Vishnupad temple gaya bihar.jpg
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| | image2 = Gaya Airport GAY.jpg
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| | image3 = Sujata Garh.JPG
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| }}
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| | caption = Vishnupad Temple, Gaya Airport, Sujata Stupa
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| | image_map =
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| | map_alt =
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| | map_caption = Location of Gaya in Bihar
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| | pushpin_map = India Bihar#India
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| | pushpin_label_position = right
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| | pushpin_map_alt =
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| | pushpin_map_caption =
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| | coordinates = {{coord|24.75|N|85.01|E|display=inline,title}}
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| | subdivision_type = Country
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| | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
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| | subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
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| | subdivision_type2 = [[Administrative divisions of India|Region]]
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| | subdivision_type3 = [[Divisions of Bihar|Division]]
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| | subdivision_type4 = [[List of districts in India|District]]
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| | subdivision_name1 = [[Bihar]]
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| | subdivision_name2 = [[Magadha]]
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| | subdivision_name3 = [[Magadh Division]]
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| | subdivision_name4 = [[Gaya district|Gaya]]
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| | established_title = <!-- Established -->
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| | established_date =
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| | founder =
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| | named_for = [[Gayasura]]
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| | government_type = [[Municipal corporation]]
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| | governing_body = [[Gaya Municipal Corporation|Gaya Nagar Nigam]]
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| | leader_title = [[Mayor]]
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| | leader_name = Ganesh Paswan
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| | unit_pref = Metric
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| | area_footnotes = <ref>{{cite news|title=Gaya Municipal Corporation|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=31 August 2019|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/gaya-chokes-as-master-plan-in-limbo/articleshow/70915995.cms|access-date=22 November 2020|archive-date=15 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200915235944/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/gaya-chokes-as-master-plan-in-limbo/articleshow/70915995.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=CDP-Gaya>{{cite web | url=http://urban.bih.nic.in/Docs/CDP/CDP-Gaya.pdf| page=4 | title=City Development Plan for Gaya: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY | publisher=Urban Development and Housing Department, Government of Bihar | access-date=8 October 2012 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140913030335/http://urban.bih.nic.in/Docs/CDP/CDP-Gaya.pdf | archive-date=13 September 2014}}</ref>
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| | area_total_km2 = 308
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| | area_rank = 21(india), 3rd (Bihar)
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| | elevation_footnotes =
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| | elevation_m = 111
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| | population_total = 470839<ref name="census2011"/>
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| | population_as_of = 2011
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| | population_density_km2 = 9490
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| | population_rank = 102 (India)
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| 2nd (Bihar)
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| | population_demonym = Gayaite, Gayavi<ref>{{cite web |url=http://huntnews.in/p/detail/458673712122865?xlang=en&uc_param_str=dnfrpfbivesscpgimibtbmntnijblauputoggdnw&pos=1462975380148&channel=education&chncat=category_english |title=Two Bihar boys in top 10 of civil services |access-date=2016-07-12 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816020056/http://huntnews.in/p/detail/458673712122865?xlang=en&uc_param_str=dnfrpfbivesscpgimibtbmntnijblauputoggdnw&pos=1462975380148&channel=education&chncat=category_english |archive-date=16 August 2016}}</ref>
| | {{R from move}} |
| | demographics_type1 = Languages
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| | demographics1_title1 = Official
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| | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
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| | utc_offset1 = +5:30
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| | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
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| | postal_code = 823001 - 13
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| | area_code = 91-631
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| | area_code_type = Telephone code
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| | iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-BR]]
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| | registration_plate = BR-02 | |
| | website = {{URL|https://gayamunicipal.net/}}
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| | footnotes =
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| | demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]]
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| | demographics1_title2 = Spoken
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| | demographics1_info2 = [[Magadhi]]
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| | blank1_name = Railway Station
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| | blank1_info = [[Gaya Junction]]
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| | blank2_name = Airport
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| | blank2_info = [[Gaya International Airport]]
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| | official_name =
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| | leader_title1 = [[Deputy Mayor]]
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| | leader_name1 = Mohan Shrivastava
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| }} | | }} |
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| '''Gaya''' ([[International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration|IAST]]: {{lang|hi-Latn|Gayā}}) is a city, municipal corporation and the administrative headquarters of [[Gaya district]] and [[Magadh division]] of the Indian state of [[Bihar]]. Gaya is {{convert|116|km|mi}} south of [[Patna]] and is the state's [[List of cities in Bihar by population|second-largest]] city, with a population of 470,839. The city is surrounded on three sides by small, rocky hills ([[Mangla Gauri|Mangla-Gauri]], Shringa-Sthan, Ram-Shila, and Brahmayoni), with the [[Phalgu|Phalgu River]] on its eastern side.
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| It is a city of historical significance and is one of the major tourist attractions in [[India]]. Gaya is sanctified in the [[Jain]], [[Hindu]], and [[Buddhist]] religions. Gaya district is mentioned in the great epics, the ''[[Ramayana]]'' and the ''[[Mahabharata]]''. It is the place where [[Rama]], with [[Sita]] and [[Lakshmana]], came to offer [[Pinda (riceball)|piṇḍadāna]] for their father, [[Dasharatha]], and continues to be a major Hindu pilgrimage site for the piṇḍadāna ritual. [[Bodh Gaya]], where [[Buddha]] is said to have attained [[Enlightenment in Buddhism|enlightenment]], is one of the four holy sites of [[Buddhism]].
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| Gaya was chosen as one of twelve heritage cities to benefit from the Government of India's four-year [[Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana]] (HRIDAY) scheme for urban planning, economic growth and heritage conservation projects.<ref>{{cite news |last=HRIDAY National Project Management Unit, National Institute of Urban Affairs, Ministry of Urban Development Government of India |date=21 January 2015 |title=Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana |website=www.hridayindia.in |url=https://hridayindia.in/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/hriday-brochure.pdf |access-date=26 September 2018 |archive-date=29 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160529205452/http://hridayindia.in/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/hriday-brochure.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
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| The [[Mahabodhi Temple]] complex at Bodh Gaya is a [[World Heritage Site]].
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| ==Etymology==
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| Gaya is named after the demon ''[[Gayasura]]'' (meaning "the demon Gaya") who dwelt the area during the [[Treta Yuga]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mandal |first=R. B. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TEdpwKpTYqsC&dq=ganj+gaya+bihar&pg=PA134 |title=Systems of Rural Settlements in Developing Countries |date=1989 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |isbn=978-81-7022-203-3 |language=en |access-date=21 June 2022 |archive-date=5 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405023058/https://books.google.com/books?id=TEdpwKpTYqsC&dq=ganj+gaya+bihar&pg=PA134 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bihar (India) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lTFuAAAAMAAJ&q=gaya+bihar+treta+yuga |title=Bihar District Gazetteers: Singhbhum |last2=Choudhury |first2=Pranab Chandra Roy |date=1957 |publisher=Superintendent, Secretariat Press, Bihar |language=en |access-date=21 June 2022 |archive-date=5 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405023056/https://books.google.com/books?id=lTFuAAAAMAAJ&q=gaya+bihar+treta+yuga |url-status=live }}</ref> According to [[Vayu Purana]], Gaya was the name of a demon ([[Asura]]) whose body became pious after he performed strict [[Tapas (Indian religions)|penance]] and secured blessings from Lord [[Vishnu]].<ref name=MSME /> It was said that the body of [[Gayasura]] was transformed into the series of rocky hills that make up the landscape of Gaya.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.harekrsna.com/philosophy/associates/demons/vishnu/gayasur.htm |title=The Hare Krsnas - Battles of Vishnu Avatars - Gayasur |publisher=Harekrsna.com |access-date=2016-01-07 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304115138/http://www.harekrsna.com/philosophy/associates/demons/vishnu/gayasur.htm |archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref>
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| ==History==
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| [[File:Gayasisa1.jpg|thumb|Brahmayoni Hill, where Buddha preached the ''[[Fire Sermon|Adittapariyaya Sutta]]'' (the ''Fire Sermon'')]]
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| [[File:Gaya Haffkine01.jpg|thumb|alt=A view of Gaya during British rule, photograph taken by Waldemar Haffkine|A view of Gaya during [[British Raj|British rule]], photograph taken by [[Waldemar Haffkine]]]]
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| ===Ancient history===
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| According to modern scholars, the [[Kikata Kingdom|Kikata kingdom]] from Rigvedic period was located at Gaya, Bihar.
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| Gaya is an ancient city, with a Buddhist documented history dating back to the 6th century BCE when the sage [[The Buddha|Gautama Buddha]] attained enlightenment at [[Bodh Gaya]], {{convert|16|km|abbr=on}} from the modern city.<ref name="Nomination">{{cite web |url=https://whc.unesco.org/uploads/nominations/1056rev.pdf |title=World Heritage Scanned Nomination - Site Name: Mahabodhi Temple Complex at Bodh Gaya |last=World Heritage Committee |website=www.whc.unesco.org |date=29 June 2002 |access-date=27 September 2018 |archive-date=4 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404051635/http://whc.unesco.org/uploads/nominations/1056rev.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
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| Even before this time, Gaya was a place of pilgrimage for people from around the world. The fame of ancient Gaya derived from the account in the ''[[Ramayana]]'' of the god [[Rama]] coming here to the banks of [[Phalgu|Phalgu River]] (called the [[Niranjana]]), accompanied by his wife and younger brother, to offer [[Pinda (riceball)|pind-daan]] for their father [[Dasharatha]], for the [[moksha]] of his soul.<ref name="Rámayán">{{cite book |last=Griffith |first=Ralph T. H. |title=The Rámayán of Válmíki Translated into English Verse |publisher=London: Trübner & Co.; Benares: E. J. Lazarus and Co |date=1870–1874 |page=761 |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/24869/24869-pdf.pdf#page=761 |access-date=28 September 2018 |archive-date=29 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180729150113/http://www.gutenberg.org/files/24869/24869-pdf.pdf#page=761 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="pind daan">{{cite book |last=Bhalla |first=Prem D |title= Hindu Rites, Rituals, Customs and Traditions: A to Z on the Hindu Way of Life |publisher= Pustak Mahal |date=2006 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MOgAnbOmu08C&pg=PT307|pages=314–319 |chapter=Chapter N6-N7: What is the importance of pind daan for the deceased?; What is the purpose of the Shraddh ceremony? |isbn=978-8-122-30902-7}}</ref> In the ''[[Mahabharata]]'', Gaya is referred to as Gayapuri.
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| Gaya flourished during the [[Maurya Empire]] (321–187 BCE), which ruled from the city of [[Pataliputra]] (adjacent to modern [[Patna]]) over an area that extended beyond the Indian subcontinent. During this period, Gaya witnessed the rise and fall of many dynasties in the [[Magadha]] region, where it occupied an important place in cultural history over some 2,400 years between the 6th century BCE and the 18th century CE.
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| The city's cultural significance began with the dynasty founded by Sisunaga, who exercised power over Patna and Gaya around 600 BCE. [[Bimbisara]], fifth king of the dynasty, who lived and ruled around 519 BCE, had projected Gaya to the outer world. Having attained an important place in the history of civilization, the area experienced the influence of Gautama Buddha and Bhagwan Mahavir during the reign of Bimbisara. After a brief period under the [[Nanda Empire|Nanda dynasty]] (345–321 BCE), Gaya and the entire Magadha region came under Mauryan rule. Mauryan Emperor [[Ashoka]] (272–232 BCE) embraced and promoted Buddhism. He visited Gaya, and built the first temple at Bodh Gaya to commemorate the [[Buddha]]'s attainment of supreme enlightenment.<ref name="UNESCO WHC">{{cite web |url= https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1056 |title= Mahabodhi Temple Complex at Bodh Gaya, Description |website= www.whc.unesco.org |publisher= UNESCO World Heritage Centre |access-date= 27 September 2018 |archive-date= 5 November 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201105154305/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1056/ |url-status= live }}</ref>
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| The period of Hindu revivalism began with the [[Gupta Empire]] during the 4th and 5th centuries CE. [[Samudragupta]] of Magadha brought Gaya into the limelight, making it the capital of Bihar district during the Gupta empire.
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| In 750 CE, Gaya became a part of the [[Pala Empire]], under the rule of its founder, [[Gopala]]. It is believed that the present temple of Bodh Gaya was built during the reign of Gopala's son, Dharmapala.
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| In the 12th century CE, Gaya was invaded by [[Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khilji]] of the [[Ghaznavid Empire]]. By 1557, it had become part of the [[Mughal Empire]], and remained under its power until the [[Battle of Buxar]] and the beginning of [[British Raj|British rule]] in 1764. Gaya, along with other parts of the country, gained its independence in 1947.
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| ===Modern history===
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| [[File:View of Gaya from Hills of Mangla Gauri.jpg|thumb|View of Gaya from Hills of Mangla Gauri]]
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| As attested by [[Francis Buchanan-Hamilton]] in the early nineteenth century, the city was divided into two areas: a sacred area in the southern part of the city, called Gaya; and the larger secular area, which may have been known by the Muslim community as Allahabad. During the [[British Raj|British rule]], the commercial and administrative area of the secular zone was formally named Saheb Ganj by British policy reformer [[Thomas Law (1756–1834)|Thomas Law]], who was a district officer in Gaya in the late nineteenth century. Now 2023 Upgrade Gaya Junction to International Junction official news launched By @PIB_Patna on Twitter <ref name="Vidyarthi">{{cite book |last=Vidyarthi |first=Lalita Prasad |title=The Sacred Complex in Hindu Gaya |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |edition=2nd |date=1978 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S4FidiusPr0C&q=gaya+priests+district&pg=PA2
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| |pages=1–29 |chapter=Chapter 1: The Sacred Centres of Gaya |access-date=28 September 2018 }}</ref>
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| [[Swami Sahajanand Saraswati]], founder of the [[All India Kisan Sabha]] peasant movement in 1936, established an ashram at [[Neyamatpur]], Gaya, which later became the centre of the freedom struggle in [[Bihar]]. Many prominent leaders of the [[Indian National Congress]] visited frequently to meet [[Pandit Yadunandan (Jadunandan) Sharma|Yadunandan (Jadunandan) Sharma]] when he was leader of Kisan Sabha, residing in the ashram set up by Swamiji. Yadunandan Sharma became the leader of the peasants of [[Gaya district]] and second-in-command to Swami Sahajanand Saraswati.
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| Gaya played a significant role in the [[Indian Independence Movement]]. From 26 to 31 December 1922, the 37th session of the [[Indian National Congress]] was held in Gaya<ref>{{cite news |last=Indian National Congress |date=1923 |title=Report of the Thirty-Seventh Indian National Congress held at Gaya on the 26th, 27th, 29th, 30th and 31st December 1922 |url=https://dspace.gipe.ac.in/xmlui/handle/10973/17967https://dspace.gipe.ac.in/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10973/17967/GIPE-038654-Contents.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y |access-date=26 September 2018 |archive-date=21 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230521160048/https://dspace.gipe.ac.in/xmlui/handle/10973/17967https://dspace.gipe.ac.in/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10973/17967/GIPE-038654-Contents.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y |url-status=live }}</ref> under the presidency of [[Chittaranjan Das|Deshbandhu Chittaranjan Das]]. It was attended by prominent leaders and luminaries of the Independence Movement, including [[Mahatma Gandhi|Mohandas K. Gandhi]], [[Rajendra Prasad|Dr. Rajendra Prasad]], [[Anugrah Narayan Sinha|Dr. Anugrah Narayan Sinha]], [[Sardar Patel]], [[Maulana Azad]], [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] and [[Sri Krishna Sinha]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Roy |first=Evelyn |date=1923 |title=Politics in Gaya |url=https://dspace.gipe.ac.in/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10973/17967/GIPE-038654-Contents.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y |work=The Communist International, Organ of the Executive Committee of the Communist International, English Edition |location=London, England |access-date=27 September 2018 |archive-date=27 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180927165005/https://dspace.gipe.ac.in/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10973/17967/GIPE-038654-Contents.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y |url-status=live }}</ref>
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| Gaya is the birthplace of eminent nationalist ''[[Honorary titles of Indian leaders|Bihar Vibhuti]]'', [[Anugrah Narayan Sinha]], Bihar's first [[Deputy Chief Minister of Bihar|deputy Chief Minister]] and Finance Minister. Former Bihar Chief Minister [[Satyendra Narayan Sinha]] also hailed from Gaya. Ishwar Chaudhary, a member of the [[5th Lok Sabha|Fifth]], [[6th Lok Sabha|Sixth]] and [[9th Lok Sabha|Ninth]] [[Lok Sabha]]s from 1971 to 1979 and from 1989 to 1991, represented the Gaya constituency of Bihar.
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| ==Administration==
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| Until 1864, Gaya was a part of the district of Behar and Ramgarh (now in the state of [[Jharkhand]]). It became a district of Bihar in its own right on 3 October 1865.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/gaya-celebrates-154th-establishment-day/articleshow/66059602.cms|title=Gaya celebrates 154th establishment day|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=4 October 2018|access-date=4 October 2018|archive-date=3 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181103144540/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/gaya-celebrates-154th-establishment-day/articleshow/66059602.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> In May 1981, the Bihar state government created the [[Magadh division]], comprising the district of [[Gaya district|Gaya]], along with [[Nawada district|Nawada]], [[Aurangabad district, Bihar|Aurangabad]] and [[Jehanabad district|Jehanabad]], all of which had originally been sub-divisions when Gaya district was created.<ref name=MSME /> Aurangabad and Nawada were partitioned from the territory of Gaya in 1973; and Jehanabad in 1988.<ref name="Statoids">{{cite web | url = http://www.statoids.com/yin.html | title = Districts of India | access-date = 2011-10-11 | last = Law | first = Gwillim | date = 2011-09-25 | work = Statoids | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111017155710/http://www.statoids.com/yin.html | archive-date = 2011-10-17 }}</ref> Gaya district occupies an area of 4,976 km<sup>2</sup> (1,921-mile<sup>2</sup>).<ref name=MSME />
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| Gaya Municipal Corporation (GMC) is the civic body that governs Gaya.<ref>{{Cite web|agency=TNN|date=Jan 10, 2021|title=Gaya civic body takes steps to improve cleanliness score {{!}} Patna News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/gaya-civic-body-takes-steps-to-improve-cleanliness-score/articleshow/80191975.cms|access-date=2021-06-23|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=28 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628060936/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/gaya-civic-body-takes-steps-to-improve-cleanliness-score/articleshow/80191975.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> GMC consists of democratically elected members, is headed by a [[mayor]], who administer the city's infrastructure, public services, and supplies. As of 2021, the corporation is headed by Virendra Kumar and Deputy mayor Mohan Shrivastava.<ref>{{Cite web|agency=TNN|date=Apr 24, 2021|title=Violation of safety norms reason for Covid spike in Gaya: Experts {{!}} Patna News - Times of India|url=https://m.timesofindia.com/city/patna/violation-of-safety-norms-reason-for-covid-spike-in-gaya-experts/articleshow/82220836.cms|access-date=2021-06-23|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624205531/https://m.timesofindia.com/city/patna/violation-of-safety-norms-reason-for-covid-spike-in-gaya-experts/articleshow/82220836.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
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| ==Culture==
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| ===Pilgrimage===
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| The city of Gaya is a holy place of [[Hinduism]], with a great number of [[Hindu deities]] represented in the engravings, paintings and carvings of its shrines. Of particular importance are the sites in the city associated with [[Vishnu]], in particular the [[Phalgu|Phalgu River]] and the shrine [[Vishnupad Mandir]], or Vishnupada, which is marked by a large footprint of Lord Vishnu engraved in a basalt block.<ref name="Vidyarthi"/> Gaya is the location at which Rama, with Sita and Lakshmana, offered pind-daan for his father, Dasharatha. Gaya has since remained a site of key importance for the performance of the pind-daan ritual.<ref name="Rámayán"/><ref name="pind daan"/>
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| Gaya is considered to be one of the most ideal places to perform the [[Śrāddha]]. (A [[Śrāddha]] is the Hindu ritual that one performs to pay homage to one's ancestors, especially to one's dead parents). As per Hindu belief system, it is believed that a person goes to hell if he dies in the following circumstances - if he meets an accidental death, if he dies without his consecrations being performed, or if he is killed by a wild animal. But, if [[Śrāddha]] of that person are performed at Gaya then the soul of such a man will get rid of the tortures of the hell and will go to heaven. Performing [[Śrāddha]] here is of great importance as it helps one to get rid of ''pitra rinna'' i.e. debts towards one's ancestors (male forefathers).
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| Nearby Bodh Gaya ("Buddha Gaya"), so named to distinguish it from the Hindu town centre of Gaya, is one of the four holiest sites of Buddhism and the site where the Buddha attained enlightenment.<ref name="UNESCO WHC"/><ref name="Vidyarthi"/>
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| ===World Heritage Site at Bodh Gaya===
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| The [[Mahabodhi Temple|Mahabodhi Temple Complex at Bodh Gaya]] was listed as a [[World Heritage Site]] by the [[World Heritage Committee]] of the [[UNESCO|United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)]] at its 26th session, on 26 June 2002.<ref name="UNESCO WHC"/>
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| The {{convert|50|m|ft|adj=mid|-high}} Mahabodhi Temple central to the complex was first built by the emperor [[Ashoka]] in the 3rd century BCE. The main part of the present structure dates from the 5th–6th centuries CE. It is one of the earliest and best-preserved Buddhist temples built entirely of brick dating from the later [[Gupta Empire|Gupta]] period. The [[Bodhi Tree]] (''Ficus religiosa''), the most important of the sacred places within the complex, is reputedly a descendant of the original tree under which Siddhārtha Gautama attained [[Enlightenment in Buddhism|enlightenment]] and became the [[Buddha]].<ref name="UNESCO WHC"/> Marking this seminal moment, Bodh Gaya is one of the four holiest pilgrimage sites of Buddhism, with [[Lumbini]], [[Sarnath]] and [[Kushinagar]].<ref name="ICCROM"/>
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| The various structures on the site have undergone a number of restorations over the centuries. Ongoing maintenance and management is required to protect the complex which, as a major pilgrimage site, is under pressure due to large numbers of visitors.<ref name="ICCROM">{{cite book |last1=Lambah |first1=Abha Narain |last2=Dorje |first2=Nangze |editor-last1=Wijesuriya |editor-first1=Gamini |editor-last2=Lee |editor-first2=Sujeong |title=ICCROM-CHA Conservation Forum Series: First ICCROM-CHA International Forum on Conservation Asian Buddhist Heritage: Conserving the Sacred |publisher=ICCROM, International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property |date=2017 |pages=103–111 |chapter=Chapter 13: Challenges of managing a living Buddhist site: Mahabodhi Temple, Bodh Gaya, India |isbn=978-92-9077-240-8 |url=https://www.iccrom.org/sites/default/files/2017-11/asianbuddhist_web.pdf |access-date=27 September 2018 |archive-date=28 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928044018/https://www.iccrom.org/sites/default/files/2017-11/asianbuddhist_web.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> The site is under the responsibility of the state government of Bihar, and is managed by the Bodhgaya Temple Management Committee (BTMC) and advisory board under the Bodh Gaya Temple Act, 1949.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.bodhgayatemple.com/images/pdf/temple_act.pdf |title= The Bodh Gaya Temple Act, 1949 (Bihar Act of 17 of 1949), (as modified up to the 8th February, 1955) |website= www.bodhgayatemple.com |access-date= 27 September 2018 |archive-date= 10 August 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170810010027/http://www.bodhgayatemple.com/images/pdf/temple_act.pdf |url-status= live }}</ref>
| |
|
| |
| ==Climate==
| |
| As Gaya is surrounded by hills on three sides and river on the fourth side, the climate of Gaya is seasonable. Climate is characterised by relatively high temperatures and evenly distributed rainfall throughout the year. The [[Köppen Climate Classification]] sub-type for this climate is "[[Humid subtropical climate|Cwa]]" (humid subtropical).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=590718&cityname=Gaya%2C+Bihar%2C+India&units= |title=Climate Summary for Gaya, India |publisher=Weatherbase.com |access-date=2016-01-07 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160323021216/http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=590718&cityname=Gaya%2C+Bihar%2C+India&units= |archive-date=23 March 2016}}</ref>
| |
|
| |
| {{Weather box
| |
| | location = Gaya, India (1981–2010, extremes 1901–2009)
| |
| | metric first = yes
| |
| | single line = yes
| |
| | Jan record high C = 31.7
| |
| | Feb record high C = 36.1
| |
| | Mar record high C = 42.1
| |
| | Apr record high C = 45.0
| |
| | May record high C = 47.1
| |
| | Jun record high C = 47.9
| |
| | Jul record high C = 43.7
| |
| | Aug record high C = 42.3
| |
| | Sep record high C = 42.3
| |
| | Oct record high C = 37.2
| |
| | Nov record high C = 35.0
| |
| | Dec record high C = 31.1
| |
| | year record high C = 47.9
| |
| | Jan high C = 23.0
| |
| | Feb high C = 26.7
| |
| | Mar high C = 32.8
| |
| | Apr high C = 38.7
| |
| | May high C = 39.8
| |
| | Jun high C = 37.8
| |
| | Jul high C = 33.4
| |
| | Aug high C = 32.9
| |
| | Sep high C = 32.6
| |
| | Oct high C = 31.6
| |
| | Nov high C = 28.8
| |
| | Dec high C = 24.9
| |
| | year high C = 31.9
| |
| | Jan low C = 8.7
| |
| | Feb low C = 11.6
| |
| | Mar low C = 16.1
| |
| | Apr low C = 21.8
| |
| | May low C = 25.4
| |
| | Jun low C = 26.7
| |
| | Jul low C = 25.6
| |
| | Aug low C = 25.4
| |
| | Sep low C = 24.6
| |
| | Oct low C = 20.5
| |
| | Nov low C = 14.2
| |
| | Dec low C = 9.7
| |
| | year low C = 19.2
| |
| | Jan record low C = 1.5
| |
| | Feb record low C = 2.7
| |
| | Mar record low C = 7.8
| |
| | Apr record low C = 12.9
| |
| | May record low C = 14.1
| |
| | Jun record low C = 18.3
| |
| | Jul record low C = 16.7
| |
| | Aug record low C = 18.5
| |
| | Sep record low C = 17.5
| |
| | Oct record low C = 12.2
| |
| | Nov record low C = 6.1
| |
| | Dec record low C = 1.4
| |
| | year record low C = 1.4
| |
| | rain colour = green
| |
| | Jan rain mm = 13.9
| |
| | Feb rain mm = 16.0
| |
| | Mar rain mm = 10.7
| |
| | Apr rain mm = 11.3
| |
| | May rain mm = 32.5
| |
| | Jun rain mm = 157.6
| |
| | Jul rain mm = 306.0
| |
| | Aug rain mm = 266.0
| |
| | Sep rain mm = 177.3
| |
| | Oct rain mm = 56.0
| |
| | Nov rain mm = 9.5
| |
| | Dec rain mm = 4.9
| |
| | year rain mm = 1061.6
| |
| | Jan rain days = 1.2
| |
| | Feb rain days = 1.4
| |
| | Mar rain days = 1.0
| |
| | Apr rain days = 1.0
| |
| | May rain days = 2.5
| |
| | Jun rain days = 7.1
| |
| | Jul rain days = 14.2
| |
| | Aug rain days = 13.6
| |
| | Sep rain days = 8.8
| |
| | Oct rain days = 2.5
| |
| | Nov rain days = 0.6
| |
| | Dec rain days = 0.5
| |
| | year rain days = 54.4
| |
| | time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| |
| | Jan humidity = 55
| |
| | Feb humidity = 47
| |
| | Mar humidity = 31
| |
| | Apr humidity = 25
| |
| | May humidity = 35
| |
| | Jun humidity = 54
| |
| | Jul humidity = 76
| |
| | Aug humidity = 77
| |
| | Sep humidity = 76
| |
| | Oct humidity = 66
| |
| | Nov humidity = 56
| |
| | Dec humidity = 58
| |
| | year humidity = 54
| |
| | source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref name=IMDnormals>
| |
| {{cite web
| |
| | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| |
| | archive-date = 5 February 2020
| |
| | url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| |
| | title = Station: Gaya Climatological Table 1981–2010
| |
| | work = Climatological Normals 1981–2010
| |
| | publisher = India Meteorological Department
| |
| | date = January 2015
| |
| | pages = 285–286
| |
| | access-date = 24 August 2020}}</ref><ref name=IMDextremes>
| |
| {{cite web
| |
| | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| |
| | archive-date = 5 February 2020
| |
| | url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| |
| | title = Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)
| |
| | publisher = India Meteorological Department
| |
| | date = December 2016
| |
| | page = M34
| |
| | access-date = 24 August 2020}}</ref>
| |
| | source =
| |
| | Apr avg record high C = 42.5
| |
| | Apr avg record low C = 17.1
| |
| | Aug avg record high C = 35.9
| |
| | Aug avg record low C = 23.3
| |
| | Dec avg record high C = 28.7
| |
| | Dec avg record low C = 6.0
| |
| | Feb avg record high C = 31.3
| |
| | Feb avg record low C = 7.1
| |
| | Jan avg record high C = 28.2
| |
| | Jan avg record low C = 4.2
| |
| | Jul avg record high C = 37.4
| |
| | Jul avg record low C = 23.2
| |
| | Jun avg record high C = 43.7
| |
| | Jun avg record low C = 23.1
| |
| | Mar avg record high C = 38.0
| |
| | Mar avg record low C = 11.0
| |
| | May avg record high C = 44.7
| |
| | May avg record low C = 20.9
| |
| | Nov avg record high C = 31.8
| |
| | Nov avg record low C = 9.7
| |
| | Oct avg record high C = 34.3
| |
| | Oct avg record low C = 15.4
| |
| | Sep avg record high C = 35.2
| |
| | Sep avg record low C = 21.9
| |
| | year avg record high C = 45.2
| |
| | year avg record low C = 4.0
| |
| }}
| |
|
| |
| ==Economy==
| |
| Gaya is the second-largest contributor to the [[economy of Bihar]], after Patna. Agriculture is the leading economic activity of the district. The main crops grown are rice, wheat, potatoes, and lentils. Livestock raised include cattle, buffaloes, goats and pigs. Gaya has a large number of household industries, producing [[Incense in India|incense sticks]] (atagarbatti), local sweets [[tilkut]] (made with sesame seed) and lai (made with poppy seed), stone-work, hand weaving, power-loom weaving, textiles and garments, small-scale manufactured goods, and plastic products. Small-scale industries also include agricultural services, metalworking, machinery and equipment production and repair services.<ref name="MSME">{{cite news |last=MSME-Development Institute, Ministry of MSME, Government of India |date=2011 |title=Brief Industrial Profile of Gaya District – Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises |url=http://dcmsme.gov.in/dips/gaya_bihar.pdf |access-date=27 September 2018 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304034313/http://dcmsme.gov.in/dips/Gaya_BIHAR.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> The main vegetable market in the city is the Kedarnath Market. Commercial activities are located along its main roads; the city also has a large number of informal shops.<ref name="Udyog Mitra">{{cite web |url=https://www.udyogmitrabihar.in/docs/dp/gaya.pdf |title=Bihar – Economic Profile Gaya |last=Udyog Mitra, Department of Industries |publisher=Government of Bihar |date=2011 |website=www.udyogmitrabihar.in |access-date=27 September 2018 |archive-date=28 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928003327/https://www.udyogmitrabihar.in/docs/dp/gaya.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> As Gaya is an important centre of religious tourism, accommodation is widely available.<ref name="Geary">{{cite book |last=Geary | first=David |title=The Rebirth of Bodh Gaya: Buddhism and the Making of a World Heritage Site |publisher= University of Washington Press |date=2017 |page=159 |section=Buddhist Circuits and Spiritual Tourism (in Chapter 5: A Master Plan for World Heritage) |isbn=978-0-295-74238-0 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=meA5DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA159}}</ref> Bodh Gaya's largest hotel is the Maha Bodhi Hotel, Resort & Convention Centre; the Sambodhi Retreat, a resort of Bihar, is also in the town.
| |
|
| |
| ==Demographics==
| |
| {{bar box
| |
| |title=Religions in Gaya City (2011)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/181-gaya.html|title=Gaya City Census 2011 data|work=Census 2011 India|access-date=7 April 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170507141025/http://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/181-gaya.html|archive-date=7 May 2017}}</ref>
| |
| |titlebar=#Fcd116
| |
| |left1=Religion
| |
| |right1=Percent
| |
| |float=right
| |
| |bars=
| |
| {{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|79.43}}
| |
| {{bar percent|[[Islam]]|green|19.65}}
| |
| {{bar percent|[[Christianity]]|blue|0.26}}
| |
| {{bar percent|[[Jainism]]|maroon|0.24}}
| |
| {{bar percent|Others†|black|1.42}}
| |
| |caption=Distribution of religions<br />
| |
| †<small>Includes [[Sikh]]s (0.09%), [[Buddhism|Buddhists]] (0.02%).</small>
| |
| }}
| |
|
| |
| The city had its first census in 1872, which placed the figure at 66,843.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Kamaldeo Narain |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RG3sTfBh47YC&dq=gaya+had+its+first+census+in+1872&pg=PA19 |title=Urban Development in India |date=1978 |publisher=Abhinav Publications |isbn=978-81-7017-080-8 |language=en |access-date=21 June 2022 |archive-date=31 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220731062213/https://books.google.com/books?id=RG3sTfBh47YC&dq=gaya+had+its+first+census+in+1872&pg=PA19 |url-status=live }}</ref> In the 2011 census, the Gaya Urban Agglomeration had a population of 470,839.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf | title = Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above | work = Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011 | access-date = 2021-01-03| url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111113152754/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf | archive-date = 13 November 2011}}</ref> The Gaya Urban Agglomeration encompasses the Gaya [[Municipal corporations in India|Municipal Corporation]], Kaler ([[Out Growth]]), and Paharpur ([[Census town#India|Census Town]]).<ref>{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_4_PR_UAs_1Lakh_and_Above_Appendix.pdf | title = Constituents of urban Agglomerations Having Population 1 Lakh & above | work = Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011 | access-date = 2012-04-16 | url-status = live | archive-url = http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20160617063229/http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_4_PR_UAs_1Lakh_and_Above_Appendix.pdf | archive-date = 17 June 2016}}</ref> the Gaya Municipal Corporation had a total population of 468,614,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.citypopulation.de/php/india-bihar.php?adm2id=1034 |title=Gaya, District in Bihar - The population development of Gaya|access-date=2016-07-13 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160914184017/http://www.citypopulation.de/php/india-bihar.php?adm2id=1034 |archive-date=14 September 2016}}</ref> of whom 247,572 were male and 221,042 were female. The population below 5 years was 59,669. The sex ratio was 986 women to 1000 men. The literacy rate for the population aged 7 and over was 85.74%.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf | title = Cities having population 1 lakh and above | work = Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011 | access-date = 2012-04-16 | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120507135928/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf | archive-date = 7 May 2012}}</ref>
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|
| |
| ==Villages==
| |
| <!---♦♦♦ Only add a location to this list if they already have their own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦--->
| |
| <!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order ♦♦♦--->
| |
| *[[Keori]], between Gaya and Patna
| |
| *[[Barachatti]]
| |
|
| |
| ==Transport==
| |
| ===Local transport===
| |
| There are many city buses and taxis providing services across the city and Bodh Gaya. [[Tanga (carriage)|Tangas]], [[auto rickshaw]]s, and cycle rickshaws also ply the city and Bodh Gaya. The main bus stands are Government Bus Stand, Sikaria More Bus Stand, Gaurkashni Bus Stand (Manpur), and Delha Bus Stand. Local transport is reliable, and auto rickshaws are available for various destinations in the city. The Gaya–Patna railway line plays a major role in transporting people from the town to the state capital.
| |
|
| |
| === Roadways ===
| |
| Gaya has a road network providing good connectivity with the state of Bihar and other parts of the country.<ref name=CDP>{{cite web |url= http://urban.bih.nic.in/Docs/CDP/CDP-Gaya.pdf |title= City Development Plan (2010-30) Gaya: Executive Summary |last= Egis India Consulting Engineers Private Limited |publisher= Urban Development and Housing Department Government of Biha |website= www.urban.bih.nic.in |access-date= 27 September 2018 |archive-date= 13 September 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140913030335/http://urban.bih.nic.in/Docs/CDP/CDP-Gaya.pdf |url-status= dead }}</ref> Regular direct bus services run from Gaya to [[Patna]], [[Bhagalpur]], [[Munger]], [[Nalanda]], [[Rajgir]], [[Varanasi]], [[Ranchi]], [[Jamshedpur]], [[Hazaribagh]], [[Durgapur]], [[Asansol]], [[Kolkata]] and [[Dhanbad]]. In 2011, {{abbr|A/C|air-conditioned}} [[Mercedes-Benz]] luxury services were introduced by [[Bihar State Road Transport Corporation]] for [[Muzaffarpur]], [[Patna]], [[Munger]], [[Bhagalpur]], [[Motihari]], [[Hazaribagh]], [[Koderma]], and Ramgarh.
| |
|
| |
| The [[Grand Trunk Road]] from [[Kolkata]] to [[Delhi]] passes from "[[Dobhi]] & [[Barachatti]]"some {{convert|30|km|abbr=on}} from Gaya. This road, known as [[National Highway 2 (India, old numbering)|National Highway 2]] before 2010,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dorth.gov.in/writereaddata/sublinkimages/finaldoc6143316640.pdf|title=Rationalisation of Numbering Systems of National Highways|publisher=[[Department of Road Transport and Highways]]|access-date=27 September 2018|location=New Delhi|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201124738/http://dorth.gov.in/writereaddata/sublinkimages/finaldoc6143316640.pdf|archive-date=1 February 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> is now called [[National Highway 19 (India)|National Highway 19]]. It connects Gaya to [[Patna]], [[Dhanbad]], [[Ranchi]], [[Jamshedpur]], [[Bokaro Steel City|Bokaro]], [[Rourkela]], [[Durgapur, West Bengal|Durgapur]], [[Kolkata]] (495 km), [[Varanasi]] (252 km), [[Allahabad]], [[Kanpur]], [[Delhi]], [[Amritsar]], and to the Pakistani cities of [[Lahore]] and [[Peshawar]]. Gaya is connected to Patna (105 km) by [[National Highway 22 (India)|National Highway 22]] (formerly NH 83), and to Nawada, Rajgir (78 km) and [[Bihar Sharif]] by [[National Highway 120 (India)|NH 120]]. Construction work began in 2014 on the road from Patna to Dobhi via Gaya and Gaya to Bihar Sharif to create a four-lane highway with additional road and bridge infrastructure. Completion of the project, originally due in April 2018, has been delayed.<ref>{{cite news |last=Qadir |first=Abdul |date=25 April 2018 |title=Dobhi-Patna road project delayed |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/dobhi-patna-road-project-delayed/articleshow/63900929.cms |work=The Times of India |location=India |access-date=28 September 2018 |archive-date=30 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180930092418/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/dobhi-patna-road-project-delayed/articleshow/63900929.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
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|
| |
| === Railways ===
| |
| [[file:Gaya Junction platform.JPG|thumb|[[Gaya Junction]] ]]
| |
| Gaya is connected to the rest of India by roads, rail and airways. The [[Grand Chord]] section of the Indian Railways passes through Gaya. [[Gaya Junction railway station]] railway station is a major junction station serving the city. Gaya Junction has been redeveloped as Model railway station recently and houses all the major facilities like waiting rooms, computerized reservation facility, food plaza, dormitory, retiring rooms, cafeteria, bookshop, etc. Gaya falls under the jurisdiction of the [[Mughalsarai railway division]] of the [[East Central Railway zone]]. The [[Grand Chord]] rail line that connects [[Howrah]] and [[New Delhi]] passes through Gaya. It lies between [[Mughalsarai Junction railway station|Mughalsarai Junction]] on the [[Delhi]] side and [[Dhanbad Junction railway station|Dhanbad Junction]] on the [[Howrah railway station|Howrah]] side. It is located at {{Coord|24|48|13|N|84|59|57|E|}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://wikimapia.org/13242471/Gaya-Junction-Rail-Station-ER |title=Gaya Junction |publisher=Wikimapia |access-date=2011-12-01 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130210110843/http://wikimapia.org/13242471/Gaya-Junction-Rail-Station-ER |archive-date=10 February 2013}}</ref> It has an elevation of {{Convert|117|m|ft}}.<ref name="train list">{{cite web|title=Trains at Gaya|url=http://indiarailinfo.com/arrivals/1388|publisher=India Rail Info|access-date=1 April 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111208132627/http://indiarailinfo.com/arrivals/1388|archive-date=8 December 2011}}</ref><ref name=indiantrains>{{cite web|title=Ghanbad Junction Railway Station Details |url=http://www.indiantrains.org/station-details/?code=GAYA&name=DHANBAD+JN |publisher=indiantrains.org |access-date=1 April 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408222802/http://www.indiantrains.org/station-details/?code=GAYA&name=DHANBAD+JN |archive-date=8 April 2014}}</ref>
| |
|
| |
| === Airways ===
| |
| {{Main|Gaya Airport}}
| |
| Situated between Gaya (7 km) and [[Bodh Gaya]] (11 km), [[Gaya Airport]] is one of two operating international airports in the states of Bihar and Jharkhand. It is the second-busiest airport in Bihar, after Patna's [[Jay Prakash Narayan Airport]]. Gaya airport mainly operates seasonal flights for Buddhist pilgrims to Bodh Gaya from [[Colombo]], Sri Lanka; [[Bangkok]], Thailand; [[Singapore]], and [[Paro, Bhutan|Paro]], Bhutan. There are also regular domestic flights to Calcutta and Delhi. The Airports Authority of India has plans to develop Gaya Airport as a stand-by to the [[Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Airport]] in Kolkata.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.aai.aero/en/node/74281 |title= Gaya Airport |website= www.aai.aero |last= Airports Authority of India |access-date= 27 September 2018 |archive-date= 17 May 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210517142138/https://www.aai.aero/en/node/74281 |url-status= live }}</ref> Gaya Airport also serves as the only place of Bihar from where [[Hajj|Hajj pilgrims]] take direct flight to [[Jeddah]] and [[Madina]] in Saudi Arabia.
| |
|
| |
| ==Education==
| |
| [[File:Entrance Gate Of GCE Campus.png|thumb|Entrance Gate Of GCE Campus]]
| |
|
| |
| Notable institutions of higher education include:
| |
| *[[Anugrah Narayan Magadh Medical College and Hospital]]
| |
| *[[Gaya College]]
| |
| *[[Gaya College of Engineering]]
| |
| *[[Magadh University]]
| |
| *[[Mirza Ghalib College]]
| |
| *[[Central University of South Bihar]]
| |
| *[[Indian Institute of Management Bodh Gaya]]
| |
|
| |
| Notable schools:
| |
| *D. A. V. Public School, Manpur, Kaiya
| |
| *[[Nazareth Academy, Gaya]]
| |
|
| |
| ==Notable people==
| |
| *[[Rajesh Kumar (actor)|Rajesh Kumar]]
| |
| *[[Eqbal Ahmad]]
| |
| *[[Prithvi Shaw]]
| |
| *[[Seyed E. Hasnain]]
| |
| *[[Ashutosh Aman]]
| |
| *[[Tabish Khair]]
| |
| *[[Prem Kumar (politician)]]
| |
| *[[A. K. Narain]]
| |
| *[[Lalit Mohan Sharma]]
| |
| *[[Janki Ballabh Shastri]]
| |
| *[[O. P. Singh]]
| |
|
| |
| ==References==
| |
| {{Reflist|refs=
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| <ref name="census2011">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf|title=UA/Cities 1 lakh and above|publisher=Government of India|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111113152754/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf|archive-date=13 November 2011}}</ref>
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| ==External links==
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| {{Bihar}}
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| {{Hindu holy cities}}
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| {{Magadh Division}}
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| {{Authority control}}
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| [[Category:Gaya, India| ]]
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| [[Category:Hindu pilgrimage sites in India]]
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| [[Category:Buddhist pilgrimage sites in India]]
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| [[Category:Hindu holy cities]]
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| [[Category:Early Buddhism]]
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| [[Category:Gautama Buddha]]
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| [[Category:Cities and towns in Gaya district]]
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