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| {{short description|District in Sikkim, India}}
| | #REDIRECT [[Gangtok district]] |
| {{Use Indian English|date=August 2016}}
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| {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2016}}
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| {{Infobox settlement
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| <!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
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| | name = East Sikkim
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| | native_name_lang = ne
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| | settlement_type = [[List of districts of Sikkim|District]] of [[Sikkim]]
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| | image_skyline = {{Photomontage
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| |photo1a = Changu Lake, Gangtok.jpg
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| |photo1b = Bird's eye view of Gangtok City from Ganeshtok.jpg
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| |photo2a = Nathang Pano 1.jpg
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| |size = 250
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| }}
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| | image_alt =
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| | image_caption = Changu Lake, view of Gangtok, Nathang Valley
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| | image_flag =
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| | flag_alt =
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| | image_seal =
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| | seal_alt =
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| | image_shield =
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| | shield_alt =
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| | nickname =
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| | motto =
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| | mottoeng =
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| | image_map = SikkimEast.png
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| | map_alt =
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| | map_caption = East Sikkim's location in Sikkim
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| | pushpin_map =
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| | pushpin_map_alt =
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| | pushpin_map_caption =
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| | coordinates = {{coord|27|19|N|88|36|E|region:IN-SK_type:adm2nd|display=inline,title}}
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| | coor_pinpoint =
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| | coordinates_footnotes =
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| | subdivision_type = Country
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| | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
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| | subdivision_type1 = [[States of India|State]]
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| | subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|..Sikkim Flag(INDIA).png}} [[Sikkim]]
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| | subdivision_type2 =
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| | subdivision_name2 =
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| | established_title =
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| | established_date =
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| | founder =
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| | seat_type = [[Headquarters]]
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| | seat = [[Gangtok]]
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| | government_footnotes =
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| | leader_party =
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| | leader_title =
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| | leader_name =
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| | unit_pref = Metric<!-- or US or UK -->
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| | area_footnotes =
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| | area_total_km2 = 964
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| | area_land_km2 =
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| | area_water_km2 =
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| | area_water_percent =
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| | area_note =
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| | elevation_footnotes =
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| | elevation_m = 610
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| | population_footnotes =
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| | population_total = 283,583
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| | population_as_of = 2011
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| | population_density_km2 = auto
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| | population_demonym =
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| | population_note =
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| | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
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| | utc_offset1 = +05:30
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| | timezone1_DST =
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| | utc_offset1_DST =
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| | postal_code_type =
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| | postal_code =
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| | blank_name_sec1 = [[Roads in India|Major Highways]]
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| | blank_info_sec1 = [[National Highway 717A (India)|NH 717A]], [[National Highway 10 (India)|NH 10]], [[National Highway 717B (India)|NH 717B]], [[National Highway 310 (India)|NH 310]], [[National Highway 310A (India)|NH 310A]]
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| | registration_plate = '''SK-01, SK-07, SK-08'''
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| | area_code_type =
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| | area_code =
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| | iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-SK]]
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| | website = {{URL|https://eastsikkim.nic.in}}
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| | footnotes =
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| }}
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| '''East Sikkim''' is one of the Six administrative districts of the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Sikkim]]. Geographically, East Sikkim occupies the south-east corner of the state. The headquarter of East Sikkim is [[Gangtok]], which is also the state capital. It is the hub of all administrative activity in the state. The district is surrounded by [[Pakyong District]] of [[Sikkim]] in the South and South East, [[Bhutan]] in the East, [[People's Republic of China]] in the North East, [[North Sikkim district]] in the North and [[South Sikkim district]] in the West.
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| The civilian region is administered by a [[district collector]], appointed by the state government and the military area by a [[major general]]. As of 2011 it is the most populous of the four [[districts of Sikkim]].<ref name="districtcensus">{{cite web | url = http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php | title = District Census 2011 | access-date = 30 September 2011 | year = 2011 | publisher = Census2011.co.in}}</ref>
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| ==History==
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| East Sikkim was part of the kingdom of Sikkim for most of its history. In the 19th century, the district was under the rule of the [[Bhutan]]ese. After the Anglo [[Bhutan War]], the territory was virtually under the command of the British forces. After [[Indian independence movement|India's independence]] in 1947, the area was part of the kingdom of Sikkim under the protection of India. During the [[Sino-Indian War]] of 1962, the Nathula Pass witnessed a few skirmishes between India and China. In 1975, the Sikkim formally became part of the Indian Union as India's 22nd state. The district was under the occupation of the Nepalese for 30 years in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.
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| ==Transport==
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| ===Roadways===
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| East Sikkim is connected with wide road network managed by [[Border Road Organization]], [[National Highways and Infrastructure Development Corporation Limited]] and State PWD.
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| East Sikkim has the following [[National highways of India|National Highways]]:
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| * [[National Highway 10 (India)|National Highway 10]] connecting [[Siliguri]] to [[Gangtok]], lies in East Sikkim from [[Singtam]] to [[Gangtok]] via [[Ranipool]].
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| * [[National Highway 717A (India)|National Highway-717A]] connecting [[Bagrakote]] to [[Gangtok]], lies in the East Sikkim from Ahopul, [[Ranipool]] to [[Gangtok]].<ref>[https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2018/may/28/doklam-effect-sikkim-to-get-new-all-weather-highway-1820559.html]</ref>
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| * Small portion of [[National Highway 717B (India)|National Highway-717B]] connecting [[Rhenock]] and Menla, [[Sherathang]] via [[Zuluk]] and [[Rongli]] lies in East Sikkim. Larger portion lies in [[Pakyong District]].<ref>[https://www.constructionweekonline.in/projects-tenders/15781-nhidcl-floats-tender-for-road-works-in-sikkim?utm_source=whatsapp&utm_medium=Social-Share]</ref>
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| * [[National Highway 310 (India)|National Highway-310]] connecting [[Ranipool]] and [[Nathula]] via [[Gangtok]] lies totally on East Sikkim.<ref>[https://ommcomnews.com/india-news/rajnath-inaugurates-alternate-alignment-on-nh-310-in-sikkim]</ref>
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| * [[National Highway 310A (India)|National Highway 310A]] connecting [[Gangtok]] and [[Mangan, India|Mangan]] lies in East Sikkim from Gangtok to Tingda via Penlong.
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| * Some portions of [[National Highway 510 (India)|National Highway 510]] also lies in East Sikkim in Singtam Sherwani area.
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| ===Airways===
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| [[Pakyong Airport]] lies on the town of [[Pakyong]] in [[Pakyong District]] is the nearest airport from East Sikkim. The airport has daily direct flight services from [[Indira Gandhi International Airport|New Delhi]], [[Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport|Guwahati]] and [[Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport|Kolkata]].
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| ===Railway===
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| [[Rangpo railway station|Rangpo Railway Station]] an under construction railway station of [[Northeast Frontier Railway zone]] is the nearest railway station that lies on [[Rangpo|Rangpo Town]] of [[Pakyong District]].
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| ==Geography==
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| The district occupies an area of {{cvt|560|km2}}.
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| The two important Mountain Passes of East Sikkim are [[Nathula]] and [[Jelepla]], both passes connects Sikkim with China.
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| Military-wise, the district is a very sensitive area with the [[Indian army]] having control over most areas east of Gangtok and near its borders with [[People's Republic of China]] and [[Bhutan]]. Visitors to this region are restricted and just a few areas are open to tourists in the areas east of Gangtok.
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| Popular tourist locales of East District and [[Pakyong District]] are the [[Tsongmo Lake]], [[Lake Menmecho]], [[Dzuluk]], Baba Mandir, Gnathang Valley, Elephant Lake Kupup, Lungthung View Point, Tukla Valley, Thambi View Point and the [[Nathu La]] pass. The pass was first opened during the 1904 [[Younghusband Expedition]] to Tibet.<ref>{{citation |last=Waddell |first=L. Austin |title=Lhasa and its Mysteries |publisher=John Murray |location=London |year=1905 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.79988 |via=archive.org |p=106}}</ref> It saw a tremendous boom in trade during 1950–1959 when the Chinese troops occupying Tibet were supplied through the pass.<ref>{{citation |last=Harris |first=Tina |title=Geographical Diversions: Tibetan Trade, Global Transactions |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JxCotCnoGrUC&pg=PA39 |year=2013 |publisher=University of Georgia Press |isbn=978-0-8203-4512-3 |p=39}}
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| </ref> The pass and Baba Mandir are open to Indian nationals only. To enter this region a special permit is required; the [[Inner Line Permit]] has to be obtained one day prior to departure. This permit is made through local tourist offices. Other tourist areas include the town of Gangtok, the [[Phodong Monastery]] north of Gangtok and the [[Rumtek Monastery]].
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| Other special attractions in the Capital City Gangtok are M G Marg, [[Hanuman Tok]], Ranka Monastery, Himalayan Zoological Park, [[Paljor Stadium|Palzor Stadium]], Tashi View Point, Pakyong Airport view Point. Zuluk And Gnathang Valley are famous attractions in East Sikkim.
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| ==Wildlife Sanctuaries==
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| [[Kyongnosla Alpine Sanctuary]], and [[Fambong Lho Wildlife Sanctuary]] two famous wildlife sanctuaries lies in the East Sikkim district.
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| ==Rivers and Lakes==
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| ===Rivers===
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| [[Teesta|River Teesta]], the largest river of state flows in East district from [[Dikchu]] to [[Singtam]].
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| [[Jaldhaka River|River Jaldhaka]] originates from Kupup at [[Gangtok|Gangtok Subdivision]] of East Sikkim but flows south east towards [[Pakyong District]], [[Bhutan]], [[West Bengal]] and [[Bangladesh]].
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| Other major rivers of east sikkim are [[Ranikhola]], [[Ratey Chu|Ratey River]], [[Roro Chu|Roro River]], Rangchang Khola etc.
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| ===Lakes===
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| List of important lakes of East Sikkim and [[Pakyong District]] are:
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| * [[Lake Menmecho]]
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| * [[Lake Tsomgo]]
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| * Elephant Lake
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| * [[Aritar|Aritar Lake]]
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| * Manju Lake
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| * Mulkharka Lake
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| * Nathula Lake
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| * Gnathang Heart Lake
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| * Yalk-la Lake. etc
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| ==Flora and Fauna==
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| Variety of plants and wildlife are found in the East Sikkim and [[Pakyong District]]. The important ones are [[Red Panda]] the state animal, [[Blood pheasant]] the state bird [[Dendrobium nobile]] the state flower and [[Rhododendron]] the state tree are found in the wildlife sanctuaries of East sikkim. Other important wild animals include [[Snow Leopard]], [[Himalayan black bear]], [[Clouded leopard]], [[Large Indian civet]] etc.<ref name=parks>{{cite web|author=Indian Ministry of Forests and Environment |title=Protected areas: Sikkim |url=http://oldwww.wii.gov.in/envis/envis_pa_network/index.htm |access-date=25 September 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110823163836/http://oldwww.wii.gov.in/envis/envis_pa_network/index.htm |archive-date=23 August 2011 |df=dmy }}</ref>
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| Forest Department, Government of Sikkim has also confirmed the presence of [[Royal Bengal Tiger]] in the [[Pangolakha Wildlife Sanctuary]] of [[Pakyong District]] on January 2019.<ref>[https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/photograph-confirms-presence-of-tiger-in-sikkim/article25952265.ece]</ref>
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| ==Demographics==
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| According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] East Sikkim district alongwith [[Pakyong District]] has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 283,583,<ref name="districtcensus"/> roughly equal to the nation of [[Barbados]].<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | access-date = 1 October 2011 | quote = Barbados 286,705 July 2011 est.
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| }}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 574th in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus/> The district has a population density of {{convert| 295 |PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}} .<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001-2011 was 14.79%.<ref name=districtcensus/> East Sikkim has a [[sex ratio]] of 872 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 84.67%.<ref name=districtcensus/>
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| ===Religion===
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| {{bar box
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| |title = Religion in East Sikkim district (2011)<ref name="Census">{{Cite web|url=https://www.census2011.com/census/district/462-west-sikkim.html|title=East Sikkim District Religion Census 2011|access-date=24 April 2021}}</ref>
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| |titlebar=#Fcd116
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| |float=left
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| |bars=
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| {{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|62.74}} | |
| {{bar percent|[[Buddhism]]|yellow|25.55}}
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| {{bar percent|[[Christianity]]|dodgerblue|8.25}}
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| {{bar percent|[[Islam]]|green|2.19}}
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| {{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|1.35}}
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| }}
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| [[File:Viswa vinayaka.jpg|thumb|[[Shri Viswa Vinayaka Mandir Rhenock|Shri Viswa Vinayaka Mandir temple in Rhenock]]]]
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| Hinduism is followed by majority of the people in the East Sikkim district. Buddhism followed by a considerable minority, while Christianity is the third largest religion, 40% of its adherents live in Gangtok. Islam is the fourth-largest religion and is mainly found in migrants in urban centres, mainly Gangtok.<ref name="Census"/>
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| ===Languages===
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| {{Pie chart
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| |caption = Languages of East Sikkim (2011)
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| |label1 = [[Nepali language|Nepali]] |value1 = 65.59 |color1 = maroon
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| |label2 = [[Hindi]] |value2 = 8.63 |color2 = orange
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| |label3 = [[Sikkimese language|Bhotia]] |value3 = 8.16 |color3 = deepskyblue
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| |label4 = [[Lepcha language|Lepcha]] |value4 = 3.41 |color4 = darkblue
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| |label5 = [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]] |value5 = 2.25 |color5 = red
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| |label6 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]] |value6 = 1.68 |color6 = gold
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| |label7 = [[Limbu language|Limbu]] |value7 = 1.55 |color7 = lavender
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| |label8 = [[Tamang language|Tamang]] |value8 = 1.49 |color8 = skyblue
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| |label9 = [[Sherpa language|Sherpa]] |value9 = 1.14 |color9 = purple
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| |label10 = Others |value10 = 6.1 |color10 = grey
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| }} | | }} |
| At the time of the [[2011 Census of India|2011 census]], 65.59% of the population in the district spoke [[Nepali language|Nepali]], 8.63% [[Hindi]], 8.16% [[Sikkimese language|Bhutia]], 3.41% [[Lepcha language|Lepcha]], 2.25% Bhojpuri, 1.68% [[Bengali language|Bengali]], 1.55% [[Limbu language|Limbu]], 1.49% [[Tamang language|Tamang]], 1.14% [[Sherpa language|Sherpa]], 0.75% [[Rai languages|Rai]] and 0.51% [[Standard Tibetan|Tibetan]] as their first language.<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16.html 2011 Census of India, Population By Mother Tongue]</ref>
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| ==Assembly Constituencies==
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| The district is divided into 7 [[assembly constituency|assembly constituencies]].
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| *[[Khamdong-Singtam (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Khamdong-Singtam]]
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| *[[Shyari (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Shyari]] (BL)
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| *[[Martam-Rumtek (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Martam-Rumtek]] (BL)
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| *[[Upper Tadong (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Upper Tadong]]
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| *[[Arithang (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Arithang]]
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| *[[Gangtok (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Gangtok]] (BL)
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| *[[Upper Burtuk (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Upper Burtuk]]
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|
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| ==Divisions==
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| {{multiple image
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| | direction = vertical
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| | width = 300
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| | footer = <br><div style="text-align: center;">'''Scenes from the district'''</div>
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| | image1 = Kanchengaga View from Gangtok.JPG
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| | alt1 =
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| | caption1 = <div style="text-align: center;">View of Kanchengaga from Gangtok</div>
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| | image2 = Gangtok night amit mitra.jpg
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| | alt2 =
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| | caption2 = <div style="text-align: center;">Gangtok at night</div>
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| | image3 = Baby lama.JPG
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| | alt3 =
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| | caption3 = <div style="text-align: center;">A young monk</div>
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| }}
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|
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| ===Administrative divisions===
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| East Sikkim is divided into three sub-divisions till June 2021, after that the two subdivisions namely [[Pakyong]] and [[Rongli]] is bifurcated from East Sikkim to [[Pakyong District]]:<ref>{{cite map |publisher=The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India, New Delhi, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India |title=Sikkim Administrative Divisions |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/maps/administrative_maps/SIKIM.pdf |language=en |format=PDF |year=2011 |access-date=29 September 2011 }}</ref>
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| {{East Sikkim image map}}
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|
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| {| class="wikitable sortable" width=65% style="border:1px solid black"
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| |- bgcolor=#EDAFFF
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| | width="10%" | '''Name'''
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| | width="20%" | '''Headquarters'''
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| | width="20%" | '''Number of villages'''<ref name='MDDS'>{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/MDDS/mdds_dir_Rural_11.pdf | title = MDDS e-Governance Code (Sikkim Rural) | access-date = 15 October 2011 | year = 2011 | format = PDF | publisher = Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India}}</ref>
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| | width="10%" | '''Location'''
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| |- bgcolor=#EFE4B0
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| | Gangtok|| [[Gangtok]]|| || [[File:East Sikkim Subdivisions Gangtok.png|120px|center]]
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| |- bgcolor=#EFE4B0
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| | Pakyong|| [[Pakyong]]|| || [[File:East Sikkim Subdivisions Pakyong.png|120px|center]]
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| |- bgcolor=#EFE4B0
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| | Rongli|| [[Rongli]]|| || [[File:East Sikkim Subdivisions Rongli.png|120px|center]]
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| |}
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|
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| ==Important Towns and Cities==
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| The major towns and cities of East District are
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| *[[Gangtok]]
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| *[[Singtam]]
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| *[[Ranipool]]
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| *[[Dikchu]]
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| *[[Sherathang]]
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|
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| ==References==
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| {{reflist}}
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|
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| ==External links==
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| *[https://eastsikkim.nic.in/ Official district government website]
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| *{{Wikivoyage-inline|East Sikkim}}
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|
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| {{Geographic location
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| |Centre = East Sikkim
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| |North = [[North Sikkim]]
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| |Northeast =
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| |East = {{flag|Bhutan}}
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| |Southeast =
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| |South = [[Darjeeling district]], [[West Bengal]]
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| |Southwest =
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| |West = [[South Sikkim]]
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| |Northwest =
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| }}
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|
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| {{East Sikkim district}}
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| {{Sikkim}}
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| [[Category:East Sikkim district| ]]
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| [[Category:Districts of Sikkim]]
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