Seetharamayya Gari Manavaralu: Difference between revisions

What links here Related changes Page information Get shortened URL
Created by Mandharam
Last edited March 3, 2026
VisualWikitext
imported>Mandharam
No edit summary
 
m refine layout for consistency
 
Line 2: Line 2:
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
{{Infobox film
| name          = Seetharamayya Gari Manavaralu
| name          = {{Lang|te-latn|Seetharamayya Gari Manavaralu}}
| image          = Seetharamaiah_Gari_Manavaralu_(1991_film).jpg
| image          = Seetharamaiah_Gari_Manavaralu_(1991_film).jpg
| caption        = Theatrical release poster
| caption        = Theatrical release poster
| director      = [[Kranthi Kumar]]
| director      = [[Kranthi Kumar]]
| producer      = [[V. Doraswamy Raju]]
| producer      = [[V. Doraswamy Raju]]
| based_on      = {{Based on|''Navvina Kanneelle''|Manasa}}  
| based_on      = {{Based on|''Navvina Kanneelle''|Manasa}}
| story          = VMC Unit
| story          = VMC Unit
| screenplay    = Kranthi Kumar<br>[[Ganesh Patro]] {{small|(dialogues)}}
| screenplay    = Kranthi Kumar<br />[[Ganesh Patro]] {{small|(dialogues)}}
| starring      = [[Akkineni Nageswara Rao]]<br />[[Meena (actress)|Meena]]<br />[[Rohini Hattangadi]]
| starring      = <!--ORDER PER OPENING CREDITS-->[[Akkineni Nageswara Rao]]<br />[[Meena (actress)|Meena]]
| music          = [[M. M. Keeravani]]
| music          = [[M. M. Keeravani]]
| cinematography = [[Hari Anumolu|K. S. Hari]]
| cinematography = [[K. S. Hari]]
| editing        = [[Sreekar Prasad]]
| editing        = [[A. Sreekar Prasad]]
| studio        = [[VMC Productions]]
| studio        = [[VMC Productions]]
| released      = {{Film date|df=y|1991|1|11}}
| released      = {{Film date|df=y|1991|1|11}}
Line 22: Line 22:
}}
}}


'''''Seetharamayya Gari Manavaralu''''' ({{translation}} Seetharamayya's granddaughter) is a 1991 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[drama (film and television)|drama film]] directed by [[Kranthi Kumar]], and produced by [[V. Doraswamy Raju]] under the [[VMC Productions]] banner. The film stars [[Akkineni Nageswara Rao]], [[Meena (actress)|Meena]], and [[Rohini Hattangadi]] with the music composed by [[M. M. Keeravani]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-05-25|title=ఇదో మనవరాలి కథ|url=https://www.sakshi.com/news/family/special-story-to-seetharamaiah-gari-manavaralu-478865|access-date=2021-01-04|website=Sakshi|language=te}}</ref> Based on the novel ''Navvina Kanneelle'' by Manasa,<ref>[http://navatarangam.com/2008/11/seetaramaiahgari-manavaralu/ Seetharamaiah Gari Manavaralu film review at Navatarangam.com] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714162051/http://navatarangam.com/2008/11/seetaramaiahgari-manavaralu/ |date=14 July 2011 }}</ref> the plot follows Seetha (Meena) who arrives from the US to visit her grandparents, Seetharamayya (Rao) and Janakamma (Hattangadi) who are uninformed of her parents' accidental death.
'''{{Lang|te-latn|Seetharamayya Gari Manavaralu}}''' ({{translation}} Seetharamayya's granddaughter) is a 1991 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[drama (film and television)|drama film]] directed by [[Kranthi Kumar]], and produced by [[V. Doraswamy Raju]] under the [[VMC Productions]] banner. The film stars [[Akkineni Nageswara Rao]], [[Meena (actress)|Meena]] and [[Rohini Hattangadi]] with the music composed by [[M. M. Keeravani]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-05-25|title=ఇదో మనవరాలి కథ|url=https://www.sakshi.com/news/family/special-story-to-seetharamaiah-gari-manavaralu-478865|access-date=2021-01-04|website=Sakshi|language=te|archive-date=30 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170830133934/http://www.sakshi.com/news/family/special-story-to-seetharamaiah-gari-manavaralu-478865|url-status=live}}</ref> Kumar also wrote the screenplay, based on the novel ''Navvina Kanneelle'' by Manasa.<ref>[http://navatarangam.com/2008/11/seetaramaiahgari-manavaralu/ Seetharamaiah Gari Manavaralu film review at Navatarangam.com] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714162051/http://navatarangam.com/2008/11/seetaramaiahgari-manavaralu/ |date=14 July 2011 |url-status=usurped}}</ref> The plot follows Seetha (Meena) who arrives from the US to visit her grandparents, Seetharamayya (Rao) and Janakamma (Hattangadi) who are uninformed of her parents' accidental death.


The film was showcased among the Indian panorama section at the 1991 [[International Film Festival of India]].<ref>http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/FrmIP1991Award.aspx?PdfName=IP1991.pdf</ref> The film won three [[Filmfare Awards South]], four [[Nandi Awards]] and four [[Cinema Express Awards]]. The film was remade in [[Malayalam]] as ''[[Sandhwanam]]'' (1991), in [[Kannada]] as ''[[Belli Modagalu]]'' (1992), and in [[Hindi]] as ''[[Udhaar Ki Zindagi]]'' (1994).
It was featured in the [[15th International Film Festival of India|15th IFFI' 92]] Indian Panorama section.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/FrmIP1991Award.aspx?PdfName=IP1991.pdf |title=Directorate of Film Festival |access-date=8 December 2011 |archive-date=6 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006093640/http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/FrmIP1991Award.aspx?PdfName=IP1991.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> The film won three [[Filmfare Awards South]], three [[Nandi Awards]] and four [[Cinema Express Awards]]. The film was remade in [[Malayalam]] as ''[[Sandhwanam]]'' (1991), in [[Kannada]] as ''[[Belli Modagalu]]'' (1992), and in [[Hindi]] as ''[[Udhaar Ki Zindagi]]'' (1994).


==Plot==
==Plot==
Seetaramayya a rich landlord and the lead-off person whose word is an ordinance to the entire village. He leads a delightful life with his ideal wife Janakamma and son Dr.Srinivasa Murthy / Vasu. Both father and son share the beyond relation as friends, unfortunately, a rift arises between them regarding the Vasu's espousal. As Vasu not able to deceive his love interest Sumathi, he denies the match seen by his father. So, Seetaramayya has to bow his head down for the first time. But he arrays resent by not talking with his son which makes Vasu distress and leaves the country. After 20 years, Vasu's daughter Seeta reach the village to attend a marriage function. Seetaramayya still continues his dislike on Vasu which he reflects on Seeta too but inherently he loves them a lot. Right now, Seeta wins everyone's heart in the house with her wit and also resolves the family disputes of Seetaramayya with his in-law Veerabhadraiah. At that point in time, Dr.Vivekam, the friend of Vasu lands when as a flabbergast, it is revealed that Seeta has hidden the secret of her parents' death as she well knows that her grandparents cannot withstand after perceiving the truth. Understanding the situation, Vivakam conveys to Seetaramayya and Janakamma that their son and daughter-in-law are coming soon. At present, everyone decides to perform his 60th birthday ''Sashtipurthi'' to Seetaramayya when he is eagerly waiting for his son's arrival but his absence annoys him. Immediately, Seeta calms him down and grandly celebrates the function. Soon after, an awful incident, Janakamma passes away due to a heart attack when Seetaramayya woes as Vasu not even attended to his mother's final rights. Out of the pain, he asks Seeta to leave the house which she does so. Thereafter, Seeta's memories recall Seetaramayya when he spots her diary through which he learns the reality and also his son's last wish to immerse his ashes into river Godavari by his father. Here, Seetaramayya gets collapsed but quickly retrieves, and rushes for Seeta. At last, Seeta fulfills her father's wish.
The film begins in a village adjacent to the river Godavari. The film revolves around Seetharamayya (Akkineni Nageswara Rao), a highly respected elder in his village. He lives a traditional, dignified life with his wife, Janakamma (Rohini Hattangadi), and commands respect from everyone around him. However, his personal life is scarred by a painful past — his only son had gone against his wishes by marrying a woman of his choice. This led to bitter family disputes and estrangement. Seetharamayya, feeling betrayed, cut off ties with his son.  
 
Years later, the son and his wife die tragically in a car accident, leaving behind their daughter, Seetha (Meena). Having been raised in the United States, Seetha grows up unaware of the complexities and conflicts that had separated her from her grandparents. After finishing her studies, she decides to visit her grandparents in India, driven by love, curiosity, and a desire to reconnect with her roots.
 
When Seetha arrives, she is warmly welcomed by her grandmother, Janakamma, who is overjoyed to see her. However, Seetharamayya, still haunted by the memory of his son’s defiance, is hesitant and cold toward her at first. Despite his rigid exterior, Seetha’s innocence, affection, and respect slowly begin to soften his heart. She becomes a bridge between tradition and modernity, bringing joy and life back into the household.
 
The story takes an emotional turn when Seetha learns the truth about the strained relationship between her father and grandfather. She takes it upon herself to heal those wounds. Through her persistence, love, and sacrifices, she not only wins her grandfather’s affection but also restores harmony to the fractured family.
 
The climax is deeply moving — Seetharamayya finally accepts Seetha wholeheartedly, recognizing her as the beloved granddaughter who carries forward his family’s legacy. The reconciliation represents forgiveness, love, and the enduring strength of family bonds.
 
''That there is no end to Indian Family Structure.''


==Cast==
==Cast==
Line 38: Line 48:
*[[Murali Mohan]] as Dr. Vivekam
*[[Murali Mohan]] as Dr. Vivekam
*[[Tanikella Bharani]] as Govinda Rao  
*[[Tanikella Bharani]] as Govinda Rao  
*[[Betha Sudhakar|Sudhakar]] as Pavan Kumar
*[[Sudhakar (actor)|Sudhakar]] as Pavan Kumar
*Sudarshan as Kaasi
*Sudarshan as Kaasi
*Narayana Rao as Lawyer Chakravarthy  
*Narayana Rao as Lawyer Chakravarthy  
Line 50: Line 60:
*Master Amith as Banty
*Master Amith as Banty
{{colend}}
{{colend}}
==Production==
The film was shot at [[Lolla, Atreyapuram Mandal|Lolla]] village in Atreyapuram and also shot at [[Kadiyam]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eenadu.net/telugu-news/movies/movie-shooting-places-in-east-godavari-district/0212/121027450|title=అక్క డ సినిమా తీస్తే హిట్టే!|language=Telugu|website=Eenadu|access-date=5 December 2024|date=7 February 2021}}</ref> ''Tata Manavadu'' was originally considered as title but Nageswara Rao did not want any comparison to the old film of same name.<ref>{{cite web |date=10 February 2002 |title=Nostalgic Trivia |url=http://idlebrain.com/trivia/nosta16.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030611001234/http://idlebrain.com/trivia/nosta16.html |archive-date=11 June 2003 |access-date=6 January 2025 |website=Idlebrain}}</ref>


==Soundtrack==
==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
{{Infobox album
| name        = Seetharamayya Gari Manavaralu
| name        = Seetharamayya gari Manavaralu
| type        = film
| type        = film
| artist      = [[M. M. Keeravani]]
| artist      = [[M. M. Keeravani]]
Line 68: Line 81:
| prev_title  = [[Dagudumuthala Dampathyam]]
| prev_title  = [[Dagudumuthala Dampathyam]]
| prev_year    = 1990
| prev_year    = 1990
| next_title  = Amma
| next_title  = [[People's Encounter]]
| next_year    = 1991
| next_year    = 1991
}}
}}


Music composed by [[M. M. Keeravani]]. Lyrics were written by [[Veturi Sundararama Murthy]]. Music released on SURYA Music Company.
Music composed by [[M. M. Keeravani]]. Lyrics were written by [[Veturi]]. Music released on SURYA Music Company.
{{Track listing
{{Track listing
| collapsed =  
| collapsed =  
Line 82: Line 95:
| all_music =  
| all_music =  
| title1 = Poosindi Poosindi
| title1 = Poosindi Poosindi
| extra1 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam|SP Balu]], [[K.S. Chithra|K. S. Chithra]]
| extra1 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[K.S. Chithra|K. S. Chithra]]
| length1 = 4:14
| length1 = 4:14
| title2 = Badharagiri Ramayya
| title2 = Badharagiri Ramayya
| extra2 = SP Balu, K. S. Chithra
| extra2 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, K. S. Chithra
| length2 = 3:07
| length2 = 3:07
| title3 = Kaliki Chilakala Koliki
| title3 = Kaliki Chilakala Koliki
Line 94: Line 107:
| length4 = 4:27
| length4 = 4:27
| title5 = Oa Seetha Hallo
| title5 = Oa Seetha Hallo
| extra5 = SP Balu
| extra5 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
| length5 = 2:40
| length5 = 2:40
| title6 = Sathyanarayana Vratha-Slokas
| title6 = Sathyanarayana Vratha-Slokas
Line 118: Line 131:
* [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Telugu|Best Actor – Telugu]] – [[Akkineni Nageswara Rao]]– won<ref name=":0" />
* [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Telugu|Best Actor – Telugu]] – [[Akkineni Nageswara Rao]]– won<ref name=":0" />


;[[Nandi Awards]]
;[[Nandi Awards]] - 1990<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2010-03-13|title=నంది అవార్డు విజేతల పరంపర (1964 - 2008)|trans-title=A series of Nandi Award Winners (1964 - 2008)|url=http://ipr.ap.nic.in/New_Links/Film.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150223135739/http://ipr.ap.nic.in/New_Links/Film.pdf|archive-date=23 February 2015|access-date=3 January 2021|website=|publisher=[[Andhra Pradesh (magazine)|Information & Public Relations of Andhra Pradesh]]|page=74|language=te|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Nandi Award for Best Feature Film|Second Best Feature Film]] – V. Doraswamy Raju – won<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2010-03-13|title=నంది అవార్డు విజేతల పరంపర (1964 - 2008)|trans-title=A series of Nandi Award Winners (1964 - 2008)|url=http://ipr.ap.nic.in/New_Links/Film.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=3 January 2021|website=|publisher=[[Andhra Pradesh (magazine)|Information & Public Relations of Andhra Pradesh]]|page=74|language=te}}</ref>
* [[Nandi Award for Best Feature Film|Second Best Feature Film - Silver]] – V. Doraswamy Raju
* [[Nandi Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] - [[Meena (actress)|Meena]] as Seeta
* [[Nandi Award for Best Director|Best Director]] – T. Kranthi Kumar
* [[Nandi Award for Best Director|Best Director]] – T. Kranthi Kumar – won<ref name=":1" />
* [[Nandi Award for Best Female Playback Singer|Best Female Playback Singer]] – [[K.S. Chithra]] for "Kaliki Chilkala Koliki"
* [[Nandi Award for Best Female Playback Singer|Best Female Playback Singer]] – [[K.S. Chithra]] for "Kaliki Chilkala Koliki" – won<ref name=":1" />


;[[Cinema Express Awards]]
;[[Cinema Express Awards]]
*Best Film – [[VMC Productions]] – won<ref name="exp">{{Cite news|date=25 February 1992|title='Chinnathambhi' bags Cinema Express award|page=3|work=[[The Indian Express]]|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=VZBlAAAAIBAJ&pg=1432,722114&dq=cinema+express&hl=en}}</ref>
*Best Film – [[VMC Productions]] – won<ref name="exp">{{Cite news|date=25 February 1992|title='Chinnathambhi' bags Cinema Express award|page=3|work=[[The Indian Express]]|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=VZBlAAAAIBAJ&pg=1432,722114&dq=cinema+express&hl=en|access-date=12 May 2021|archive-date=17 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417131836/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=VZBlAAAAIBAJ&sjid=lJ4NAAAAIBAJ&pg=1432,722114&dq=cinema+express&hl=en|url-status=live}}</ref>
*Best Actor – Akkineni Nageswara Rao – won<ref name="exp" />
*Best Actor – Akkineni Nageswara Rao – won<ref name="exp" />
*Best Actress – Meena  – won<ref name="exp" />
*Best Actress – Meena  – won<ref name="exp" />
Line 139: Line 151:


[[Category:1991 films]]
[[Category:1991 films]]
[[Category:Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Films scored by M. M. Keeravani]]
[[Category:Films scored by M. M. Keeravani]]
[[Category:Indian films]]
[[Category:Telugu films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Telugu films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:1990s Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:1991 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Kranthi Kumar]]
[[Category:Films directed by Kranthi Kumar]]
[[Category:1991 drama films]]
[[Category:1991 drama films]]
[[Category:Films based on Indian novels]]
[[Category:Films about grandparent–grandchild relationships]]

Latest revision as of 23:57, 3 March 2026

Seetharamayya Gari Manavaralu
Theatrical release poster
Directed byKranthi Kumar
Produced byV. Doraswamy Raju
Screenplay byKranthi Kumar
Ganesh Patro (dialogues)
Story byVMC Unit
Based onNavvina Kanneelle
by Manasa
StarringAkkineni Nageswara Rao
Meena
Music byM. M. Keeravani
CinematographyK. S. Hari
Edited byA. Sreekar Prasad
Production
company
Release date
  • 11 January 1991 (1991-01-11)
Running time
131 min
CountryIndia
LanguageTelugu

Seetharamayya Gari Manavaralu (transl. Seetharamayya's granddaughter) is a 1991 Indian Telugu-language drama film directed by Kranthi Kumar, and produced by V. Doraswamy Raju under the VMC Productions banner. The film stars Akkineni Nageswara Rao, Meena and Rohini Hattangadi with the music composed by M. M. Keeravani.[1] Kumar also wrote the screenplay, based on the novel Navvina Kanneelle by Manasa.[2] The plot follows Seetha (Meena) who arrives from the US to visit her grandparents, Seetharamayya (Rao) and Janakamma (Hattangadi) who are uninformed of her parents' accidental death.

It was featured in the 15th IFFI' 92 Indian Panorama section.[3] The film won three Filmfare Awards South, three Nandi Awards and four Cinema Express Awards. The film was remade in Malayalam as Sandhwanam (1991), in Kannada as Belli Modagalu (1992), and in Hindi as Udhaar Ki Zindagi (1994).

Plot[edit | edit source]

The film begins in a village adjacent to the river Godavari. The film revolves around Seetharamayya (Akkineni Nageswara Rao), a highly respected elder in his village. He lives a traditional, dignified life with his wife, Janakamma (Rohini Hattangadi), and commands respect from everyone around him. However, his personal life is scarred by a painful past — his only son had gone against his wishes by marrying a woman of his choice. This led to bitter family disputes and estrangement. Seetharamayya, feeling betrayed, cut off ties with his son.

Years later, the son and his wife die tragically in a car accident, leaving behind their daughter, Seetha (Meena). Having been raised in the United States, Seetha grows up unaware of the complexities and conflicts that had separated her from her grandparents. After finishing her studies, she decides to visit her grandparents in India, driven by love, curiosity, and a desire to reconnect with her roots.

When Seetha arrives, she is warmly welcomed by her grandmother, Janakamma, who is overjoyed to see her. However, Seetharamayya, still haunted by the memory of his son’s defiance, is hesitant and cold toward her at first. Despite his rigid exterior, Seetha’s innocence, affection, and respect slowly begin to soften his heart. She becomes a bridge between tradition and modernity, bringing joy and life back into the household.

The story takes an emotional turn when Seetha learns the truth about the strained relationship between her father and grandfather. She takes it upon herself to heal those wounds. Through her persistence, love, and sacrifices, she not only wins her grandfather’s affection but also restores harmony to the fractured family.

The climax is deeply moving — Seetharamayya finally accepts Seetha wholeheartedly, recognizing her as the beloved granddaughter who carries forward his family’s legacy. The reconciliation represents forgiveness, love, and the enduring strength of family bonds.

That there is no end to Indian Family Structure.

Cast[edit | edit source]

Production[edit | edit source]

The film was shot at Lolla village in Atreyapuram and also shot at Kadiyam.[4] Tata Manavadu was originally considered as title but Nageswara Rao did not want any comparison to the old film of same name.[5]

Soundtrack[edit | edit source]

Seetharamayya gari Manavaralu
Film score by
M. M. Keeravani
Released1991
GenreSoundtrack
Length19:58
LabelSURYA Music
ProducerM. M. Keeravani
M. M. Keeravani chronology
Dagudumuthala Dampathyam
(1990) 		Seetharamayya gari Manavaralu
(1991) 		People's Encounter
(1991)

Music composed by M. M. Keeravani. Lyrics were written by Veturi. Music released on SURYA Music Company.

No.TitleSinger(s)Length
1."Poosindi Poosindi"S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, K. S. Chithra4:14
2."Badharagiri Ramayya"S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, K. S. Chithra3:07
3."Kaliki Chilakala Koliki"K. S. Chithra3:44
4."Velugu Rekhalavaru"K. S. Chithra, Jikki4:27
5."Oa Seetha Hallo"S. P. Balasubrahmanyam2:40
6."Sathyanarayana Vratha-Slokas"K. S. Chithra1:46
Total length:19:58

Reception[edit | edit source]

Awards[edit | edit source]

Filmfare Awards
Nandi Awards - 1990[7]
Cinema Express Awards
  • Best Film – VMC Productions – won[8]
  • Best Actor – Akkineni Nageswara Rao – won[8]
  • Best Actress – Meena – won[8]
  • Best Director – Kranthi Kumar – won[8]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ "ఇదో మనవరాలి కథ". Sakshi (in తెలుగు). 25 May 2017. Archived from the original on 30 August 2017. Retrieved 4 January 2021.
  2. ↑ Seetharamaiah Gari Manavaralu film review at Navatarangam.com Archived 14 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  3. ↑ "Directorate of Film Festival" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 8 December 2011.
  4. ↑ "అక్క డ సినిమా తీస్తే హిట్టే!". Eenadu (in Telugu). 7 February 2021. Retrieved 5 December 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  5. ↑ "Nostalgic Trivia". Idlebrain. 10 February 2002. Archived from the original on 11 June 2003. Retrieved 6 January 2025.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 "List of Awards won by Telugu movie Seetharamaiah Gari Manavaralu". Times of India. Retrieved 9 January 2021.
  7. ↑ "నంది అవార్డు విజేతల పరంపర (1964 - 2008)" [A series of Nandi Award Winners (1964 - 2008)] (PDF) (in తెలుగు). Information & Public Relations of Andhra Pradesh. 13 March 2010. p. 74. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 February 2015. Retrieved 3 January 2021.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 "'Chinnathambhi' bags Cinema Express award". The Indian Express. 25 February 1992. p. 3. Archived from the original on 17 April 2016. Retrieved 12 May 2021.

External links[edit | edit source]

Retrieved from "https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seetharamayya_Gari_Manavaralu&oldid=454508"
Discover more