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| | #REDIRECT [[Kurma Venkata Reddi Naidu]] |
| {{Infobox officeholder
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| | honorific-prefix = [[Sir]]
| | {{Redirect category shell| |
| | name = Kurma Venkatareddy Naidu
| | {{R from alternative name}} |
| | honorific-suffix = [[Order of the Star of India|KCSI]]
| | {{R from move}} |
| | image = KVReddyNaidu.JPG
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| | caption = Kurma Venkatareddy Naidu in 1940-41 | |
| | imagesize = 200px
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| | order1 = 10th
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| | office1 = Chief Minister of Madras Presidency
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| | term_start1 = 1 April 1937
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| | term_end1 = 14 July 1937
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| | governor1 = [[John Erskine, Lord Erskine]]
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| | monarch1 =
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| | primeminister1 =
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| | predecessor1 = [[Raja of Bobbili]]
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| | successor1 = [[Chakravarti Rajagopalachari]]
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| | order2 = [[Governors of Madras|Governor of Madras Presidency]] (Acting)
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| | term_start2 = 18 June 1936
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| | term_end2 = 1 October 1936
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| | monarch2 =
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| | premier2 = [[Raja of Bobbili]], <br /> [[P. T. Rajan]]
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| | predecessor2 =
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| | successor2 =
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| | order3 = Member of Viceroy's Executive Council
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| Died : 10-08-1942
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| | term_start3 = 1934
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| | term_end3 = 1937
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| | monarch3 =
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| | governor-general3 = [[Freeman Freeman-Thomas, 1st Marquess of Willingdon]],<br />[[Victor Hope, 2nd Marquess of Linlithgow]]
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| | primeminister3 =
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| | predecessor3 =
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| | successor3 =
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| | order4 = Agent to the [[Union of South Africa]]
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| | term_start4 = 1929
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| | term_end4 = 1932
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| | monarch4 = [[George V of the United Kingdom]]
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| | governor-general4 = [[E. F. L. Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax]],<br />[[Freeman Freeman-Thomas, 1st Marquess of Willingdon]]
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| | primeminister4 =
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| | predecessor4 = [[V. S. Srinivasa Sastri]]
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| | successor4 = Kunwar Maharaj Singh
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| | order5 = Minister of Development
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| | term_start5 = 1920
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| | term_end5 = 1923
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| | monarch5 =
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| | premier5 = [[A. Subbarayalu Reddiar]],<br /> [[Raja of Panagal]]
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| | governor5 = [[Freeman Freeman-Thomas, 1st Marquess of Willingdon]]
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| | predecessor5 = None
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| | successor5 = T. N. Sivagnanam Pillai
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| | birth_date = 15 May 1875
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| | birth_place = Eluru, Andhra Pradesh
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| | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1942|9|10|1875|5|15}}
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| | death_place = Madras, Tamil Nadu
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| | nationality = [[India]]n
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| | party = [[Justice Party (India)|Justice Party]]
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| | alma_mater =
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| | profession = Politician
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| | spouse = Lakshmi Kanthamma
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| |children =KV Gopala Swamy Naidu,<br />KV Raja Gopal Swamy Naidu,<br />KV Madana Gopala Swamy Naidu,<br />Kamala,Vimala
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| }} | | }} |
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| [[Rao Bahadur]] '''Sir Kurma Venkatareddy Naidu''' <small>[[Order of the Star of India|KCSI]]</small> (1875–1942) was an Indian lawyer, professor, politician and [[Justice Party (India)|Justice Party]] [[leader]] who served as the [[Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu|Chief Minister of Madras Presidency]] from 1 April 1937 to 14 July 1937. He was the last Chief Minister of Madras Presidency from the Justice Party.
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| Kurma Venkata Reddy Naidu hailed from a prominent [[Telaga]] [[Kapu (caste)|Kapu]] family of Draksharama in [[Madras Presidency]]. He graduated from [[Rajahmundry]] Arts College, the [[Madras Christian College]] and [[Madras Law College]].
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| Reddy Naidu joined the [[Justice Party (India)|Justice Party]] in 1919-1920 and was a part of [[T. M. Nair]]'s delegation to the United Kingdom. Later, when a Justice Party government was formed in [[Madras]], Reddy Naidu served under [[A. Subbarayalu Reddiar]] and the [[Raja of Panagal]] as Minister of Development. In 1923, the Raja of Panagal replaced Reddy Naidu as Minister of Development with [[T. N. Sivagnanam Pillai]].
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| Reddy Naidu served as India's agent to the [[Union of South Africa]] from 1929 to 1932 and acted as the [[Governor of Madras]] from 18 June 1936 to 1 October 1936. He was selected as Chief Minister on 1 April 1937 and served in this capacity till 14 July 1937. He also served as the Vice-Chancellor of [[Annamalai University]] in 1940. Kurma Venkata Reddy Naidu died on 10 September 1942 in Madras. At the time of his death, he was working as a Vice - Chancellor of Annamalai University. Andhra University was inaugurated in temporary premises at Bezawada in the year 1926 by Lord Goschen, the first Chancellor. Goschen was the Governor of Madras Presidency from April 1924 to June 1929. He was succeeded by Lord Erskine who was in the chair up to March 1940 except for a brief interregnum from 18-06-1936 to 01-10-1936. During this period Kurma Venkata Reddy Naidu was the Governor and ex-officio Chancellor of Andhra University. Reddy Naidu was also the Chief Minister of the state for a little over three months in 1937. In April 1942, his son Kurma Venugopalaswamy was appointed the Registrar of Andhra University which he held till his retirement in February 1964. Thus a father and son occupied high positions associated with the Andhra University, a rare phenomenon in the annals of this university. The younger Kurma took active interest in amateur theatre and it was due to his efforts, the Department of Theatre Arts was established. The open air theatre known to earlier batches of students as 'Erskine Square' is now named after him - Kurma Venugopalaswamy Arubayalu Rangasthalam, a name as lengthy as the tenure of his office of the Registrar of Andhra Viswa Kala Parishat.
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| ==Early life==
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| Reddy Naidu was a native of Draksharama in the [[Madras Presidency]] and belonged to a prominent [[Telaga|Telaga Kapu]] family. His mother tongue was [[Telugu language|Telugu]]. He had a varied education, attending the [[Government Arts College, Rajahmundry|Government Arts College]] in [[Rajahmundry]], the [[Madras Christian College]], the [[Madras Law College]] and [[Madras University]]. Before being called to the [[Bar (law)|bar]] in 1900, he was a Professor of [[Physics]] at the Government Arts College, Rajahmundry. After serving on various local and district boards between 1901 and 1919, he joined the [[Justice Party (India)|Justice Party]] in 1919-1920 and was a part of [[T. M. Nair]]'s delegation to the United Kingdom. Later, when a Justice Party government was formed in [[Madras]], Reddy Naidu served under [[A. Subbarayalu Reddiar]] and the [[Raja of Panagal]] as Minister of Development. In 1923, the Raja of Panagal replaced Reddy Naidu as Minister of Development with T. N. Sivagnanam Pillai.
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| Reddy Naidu served as India's agent to the Union of South Africa from 1929 to 1932 and acted as the [[Governor of Madras]] from 18 June 1936 to 1 October 1936. He was selected as Chief Minister on 1 April 1937 and served in this capacity till 14 July 1937. He also served as the Vice-Chancellor of [[Annamalai University]] in 1940. Kurma Venkata Reddy Naidu died on 10 September 1942.
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| ==Early political career==
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| Naidu was a member of the [[Justice Party (India)|Justice Party]] right from its inception. He was a member of the delegation to England along with [[T. M. Nair|Dr. T. M. Nair]] and [[Arcot Ramasamy Mudaliar]] in July 1918.<ref name="encyclopediaofpoliticalpartiesp69">[[#Encyclopedia of Political Parties|Encyclopedia of Political Parties]], Pg 69</ref> In 1919, he led the non-Brahmin deputation to the Joint Parliamentary Committee on Constitutional Reforms. Reddy Naidu was an active partyman and when the Montagu Chelmsford Reforms were passed in 1919, Reddy Naidu formulated a set of activities that the Justice Party should follow.
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| {{quotation|Social legislation has to be undertaken and inequitious laws that, for ages, maintained an invidious distinction between Brahmins and non-Brahmins, with regard to marriage, adoption and inheritance and the like, must be altered. Outside the sphere of politics, the work before us is equally onerous. Social reconstruction must be taken in hand at once. Social equality must be established. The strain of untouchability shall be removed. The dictates of priestcraft must be silenced. ''Paracheries'' must be purified. ''Agraharams'' must be humanized. The hold of humiliating customs and rituals must be unloosed. The partals of temples must be thrown broad open. The contents of sealed scriptures should be brought to light<ref name="encyclopediaofpoliticalpartiesp172">Encyclopedia of Political Parties, Pg 172</ref>}}
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| In December 1920, when the Justice Party was elected to power in Madras Presidency, Naidu won a set in the [[Madras Legislative Council]] and served as the Minister of Development.<ref name="encyclopediaofpoliticalpartiesp182">Encyclopedia of Political Parties, Pg 182</ref> He also served as the Minister of Industries in the government of the [[Raja of Panagal]] from 1921 to 1923,<ref name="encyclopediaofpoliticalpartiesp71">Encyclopedia of Political Parties, Pg 71</ref><ref name="encyclopediaofpoliticalpartiesp177">Encyclopedia of Political Parties, Pg 177</ref> when he was dropped in favor of [[T. N. Sivagnanam Pillai]].<ref name="encyclopediaofpoliticalpartiesp184">Encyclopedia of Political Parties, Pg 184</ref> He remained neutral when a vote of no-confidence was passed against the government of the Raja of Panagal.<ref name="encyclopediaofpoliticalpartiesp186">Encyclopedia of Political Parties, Pg 186</ref>
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| In 1924, when the Muddiman Committee came to India to assess the implementation and progress of [[dyarchy]], K. V. Reddy Naidu explained its progress thus:
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| {{quotation|I was a Minister of Development without the forests. I was a Minister of Agriculture minus Irrigation. As a Minister of Agriculture I had nothing to do with the Madras Agriculturists Loan Act or the Madras Land Improvement Loans Act... The efficacy and efficiency of a Minister of Agriculture without having anything to do with irrigation, agricultural loans, land improvement loans and famine relief, may better be imagined than described. Then again, I was Minister of Industries without factories, boilers, electricity and water power, mines or labor, all of which are reserved subjects<ref name="encyclopediaofpoliticalpartiesp177" />}}
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| In 1928, Reddy Naidu was a member of the Indian delegation to the [[League of Nations]], [[Geneva]].<ref name="leagueofnations">{{cite book | title=Searching for Solace: A Biography of Abdullah Yusuf Ali, Interpreter of the Qur'an| last=Sherif| first=M. A.| year=1994| isbn=978-983-9154-00-9| page=89}}</ref>
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| ==Agent in South Africa==
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| In January 1929, Naidu succeeded [[V. S. Srinivasa Sastri]] as [[British India]]'s agent to the Union of South Africa.<ref name="southafricachronology1915">{{Cite web|url=http://www.south-african-hotels.com/history-part2text.php|title=Chronology of South Africa 1915-1930|access-date=2008-10-24|publisher=Southy African Hotels|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080725045040/http://www.south-african-hotels.com/history-part2text.php|archive-date=25 July 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> In January 1930, he came under severe criticism from the [[South African Indian Congress]] (SAIC) for not having done enough to protect the interests of the Indians migrants.<ref name="southafricachronology1915" /> In February 1930, the first reading of the TALT (Amendment) Bill was passed. The South African Indian Congress was severely opposed to the Bill and Reddy Naidu spoke at a meeting of the SAIC in October 1930 expressing his outrage.<ref name="southafricachronology1915" /> He was a member of the delegation which participated in the [[Second Round Table Conference]] with the representatives of the South African Government on 4 January 1932.<ref name="southafricachronology1930">{{Cite web|url=http://www.south-african-hotels.com/history-part3text.php|title=Chronology of South Africa 1930-1945|access-date=2008-10-24|publisher=Southy African Hotels|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080725043821/http://www.south-african-hotels.com/history-part3text.php|archive-date=25 July 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> Reddy Naidu's term came to an end on 3 August 1932 and he was succeeded by Kunwar Maharaj Singh.<ref name="southafricachronology1930" />
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| ==Acting Governor of Madras==
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| On leaving South Africa, he took up various positions in the Indian Government. He became a member of the Council of State from 1933 to 1934, and a member of the Governor's Executive Council, Madras, 1934 -1937. In between, he was Acting Governor of Madras from June–October 1936,<ref name="listofmadrasgovernors">{{Cite ODNB |title=Colonial administrators and post-independence leaders in India (1616–2000) |url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/theme/93241}}</ref> The IRT Perundurai Medical College is a Government college that is affiliated to The Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R Medical University, Chennai. The school includes a medical college, a hospital, and a research institute. The school falls under the auspices of the Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation.HistoryOn the suggestion of Lord Willington in 1930 a district committee to combat tuberculosis was formed in Coimbatore and the decision to start a tuberculosis sanatorium in Perundurai was made. The foundation stone was laid by Sir K.V. Reddy Naidu on 1 July 1936. He lived in Madras city in a palatial mansion on Boag Road, Theyagaraya Nagar, which later became the property of movie star Sivaji Ganesan. As a tribute and special concession to his exalted status and the high offices he held, the then European-owned Madras Southern Mahratta Railway allotted him, under instructions from the Government of India, a special salon exuding luxury whenever he travelled. This privilege was extended to very few Indians and he was the only one in the Madras Presidency to receive it. As an active party man, he formulated a policy that the Justice Party should follow, which included, inter alia, social legislation and abolition of iniquitious laws that maintained an invidious distinction between Brahmins and non-Brahmins, with regard to marriage, adoption and inheritance and the like. He argued that social equality must be established. Untouchability should be removed. The dictates of the priesthood must be silenced. Paracheris must be purified. Agraharams must be humanised. The hold of humiliating customs and rituals must be loosened. The portals of temples must be thrown open. The contents of sealed scriptures should be brought to light... Strong meat indeed for the day! But that was Kurma Venkata Reddirao Naidu.
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| ==Tenure as Chief Minister of Madras Presidency==
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| Naidu was the [[Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu|Chief Minister of Madras Presidency]] from 1 April 1937 to 14 July 1937.<ref name="listofmadrasgovernors" /><ref name="listofchiefministers">{{Cite web|url=http://www.tn.gov.in/tnassembly/cmlist-1920.htm |title=Chief Ministers of Tamil Nadu since 1920 |access-date=2008-10-24 |publisher=Government of Tamil Nadu |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130423150027/http://www.tn.gov.in/tnassembly/cmlist-1920.htm |archive-date=23 April 2013 }}</ref> The [[1937 Madras Presidency legislative assembly election|1937 assembly elections]] were held and the results declared in February 1937. Despite being the majority party in the Assembly and the council, the [[Indian National Congress]] was hesitant to form a Government because of the veto powers given to the governor. The Governor of Madras, [[John Erskine, Lord Erskine|Lord Erskine]], decided to form an interim provisional Government with non-members and opposition members of the Legislative Assembly. [[V. S. Srinivasa Sastri]] was first offered the Chief Ministership of the interim government but he refused to accept it. Then Erskine formed an interim government with Kurma Venkata Reddy Naidu as Chief Minister on 1 April 1937. However the ministry was short lived as the Congress was persuaded to form the government. On 14 July, Naidu resigned and [[Rajaji]] became Chief Minister.<ref name="ramanathan">{{Cite book| last =Ramanathan| first =K. V.| title =The Satyamurti letters: the Indian freedom struggle through the eyes of a parliamentarian, Volume 1| publisher =Pearson Education India| year = 2008| pages =301–5| url =https://books.google.com/books?id=NY_XjIE6sVUC&pg=PA301 |id= {{ISBN|81-317-1488-8}}, {{ISBN|978-81-317-1488-1}}}}</ref><ref name="menon">{{Cite book| last =Menon| first =Visalakshi| title =From movement to government: the Congress in the United Provinces, 1937-42| publisher =Sage| year = 2003| pages =75| url =https://books.google.com/books?id=UO-OxAoL4YIC&pg=PT38 |id= {{ISBN|0-7619-9620-6}}, {{ISBN|978-0-7619-9620-0}}}}</ref><ref name="nagarajan">{{Cite book| last =Nagarajan| first =Krishnaswami| title =Dr. Rajah Sir Muthiah Chettiar: a biography| publisher =Annamalai University| year = 1989| pages =63–70| url =https://books.google.com/books?client=firefox-a&as_brr=0&id=0AMcAAAAIAAJ&dq=K.+V+Reddy+interim+Government+1937&q=erskine#search_anchor}}</ref>
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| Council of ministers in K. V. Reddy Naidu's interim provisional cabinet (1 April - 14 July 1937):<ref>{{cite book | title=Justice Party Golden Jubilee Souvenir, 1968}}</ref>
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| {| width="70%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 2px #DEE8F1 solid; font-size: x-big; font-family: verdana"
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| ! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Minister
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| ! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Portfolio
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| |---
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| |Kurma Venkata Reddy Naidu
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| |Chief Minister, Public, Revenue and Legal
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| |---
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| |[[A. T. Panneerselvam]]
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| |Home and Finance
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| |---
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| |[[M. A. Muthiah Chettiar]]
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| |Local self-government
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| |---
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| |[[P. Kalifulla|P. Kalifulla Sahib Bahadur]]
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| |Public Works
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| |---
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| |[[M. C. Rajah]]
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| |Development
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| |---
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| |[[R. M. Palat]]
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| |Education and Public health
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| |}
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| He was also the Vice-Chancellor of [[Annamalai University]] from 1940.<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/rajahsirannamala030779mbp/rajahsirannamala030779mbp_djvu.txt Full text of "Rajah Sir Annamalai Chettiar Commemoration Volume"]</ref> Annamalai University offers a prize every year in his name as ''The Kurma Venkata Reddy Naidu Prize''.<ref>[http://annamalaiuniversity.ac.in/scholorship.htm Welcome to Annamalai University] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080721014126/http://annamalaiuniversity.ac.in/scholorship.htm |date=21 July 2008 }}</ref>
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| ==References==
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| {{reflist}}
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| ==Further reading==
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| * {{Cite web|url=http://telugu.co.za/AMSSA_Formation.htm |title=The Andhra Maha of South Africa -- Formation and Growth |access-date=2008-10-24 |publisher=AMSSA |work=AMSSA 70th Anniversary 1931-2001 Souvenir Brochure |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071221010333/http://telugu.co.za/AMSSA_Formation.htm |archive-date=21 December 2007 }}
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| {{s-start}}
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| {{succession box | before= [[Ramakrishna Ranga Rao|Raja of Bobbili]] | title=[[List of chief ministers of Madras Presidency#Madras Presidency|Chief Minister of Madras Presidency]] | after= [[C. Rajagopalachari]] | years=1 April 1937 – 14 July 1937}}
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| {{s-end}}
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| {{authority control}}
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| {{DEFAULTSORT:Venkata Reddy, Kurma Naidu}}
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| [[Category:1875 births]]
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| [[Category:1942 deaths]]
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| [[Category:Knights Commander of the Order of the Star of India]]
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| [[Category:Indian knights]]
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| [[Category:Chief Ministers of Tamil Nadu]]
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| [[Category:Telugu people]]
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| [[Category:Madras Christian College alumni]]
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| [[Category:Justice Party (India) politicians]]
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| [[Category:Annamalai University faculty]]
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| [[Category:People from Eluru]]
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| [[Category:Members of the Imperial Legislative Council of India]]
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| [[Category:Rai Bahadurs]]
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| [[Category:University of Madras alumni]]
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