Gurdial Singh (mountaineer): Difference between revisions

What links here Related changes Page information Get shortened URL
Created by 2405:201:4006:CF2A:814B:CFB6:7071:AFF5
Last edited August 30, 2025
VisualWikitext
clarify
 
added references for clarity and added references
 
Line 1: Line 1:
{{short description|Indian mountaineer (1924–2023)}}
{{for|the Punjabi writer|Gurdial Singh}}
{{for|the Punjabi writer|Gurdial Singh}}
{{short description|Indian mountaineer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox mountaineer
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}
{{Infobox climber
| name              = Gurdial Singh
| name              = Gurdial Singh
| image            =  
| image            =  
Line 9: Line 11:
| birth_name        =  
| birth_name        =  
| nickname          =
| nickname          =
| main_discipline  = Mountaineer
| birth_date        = {{birth date|1924|01|01|df=y}}
| other_discipline  =
| birth_place      =
| birth_date       = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1924|01|01}}
| death_date       = {{death date and age|2023|5|30|1924|01|01|df=y}}
| nationality       = {{flagicon|IND}} [[India]]n
| death_place       = [[Chandigarh]], India
| start_age        =
| nationality      = Indian
| start_discipline  =
| majorascents   = - Led the first Indian expedition to [[Trisul]] (1951)<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.himalayanclub.org/hj/17/10/trisul-1951/|title=TRISUL, 1951 |magazine=[[Himalayan Journal]] |volume=17|first=R. D. |last=Greenwood |date=1952}}</ref><br />- First ascent of [[Mrigthuni]] (1958)<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.himalayanclub.org/hj/21/9/mrigthuni-1958/|title=MRIGTHUNI, 1958 |magazine=[[Himalayan Journal]] |volume=21|first=Aamir |last=Ali |date=1958}}</ref><br />- Member of the first Indian expedition to [[Mount Everest]] (1965)<ref name=ghosh>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/ZDIwIHEyFLl1y3lVvqtQ5J/The-first-Indians-on-Everest.html|title=The first Indians on Everest|first1=Padmaparna |last1=Ghosh |first2=Rudraneil|last2=Sengupta|date=16 May 2015|website=mint |access-date=10 May 2024}}</ref>
| notable_ascents   = - Led the first Indian expedition to [[Trisul]] (1951)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.himalayanclub.org/hj/17/10/trisul-1951/|title=TRISUL, 1951 : Himalayan Journal vol.17/10|website=www.himalayanclub.org}}</ref><br>- First ascent of [[Mrigthuni]] (1958)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.himalayanclub.org/hj/21/9/mrigthuni-1958/|title=MRIGTHUNI, 1958 : Himalayan Journal vol.21/9|website=www.himalayanclub.org}}</ref><br>- Member of the first Indian expedition to [[Mount Everest]] (1965)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/ZDIwIHEyFLl1y3lVvqtQ5J/The-first-Indians-on-Everest.html|title=The first Indians on Everest|first=Padmaparna Ghosh,Rudraneil|last=Sengupta|date=16 May 2015|website=mint}}</ref>
| partnerships      =
| partnerships      =
| spouse            =
| spouse            =
Line 23: Line 24:
| relatives        =
| relatives        =
}}
}}
[[File:Gurdial Singh performing Shirshasana on the summit of Mt. Trisul, The Doon School expedition, 1951.png|thumb|A colourised image of Gurdial Singh performing [[Shirshasana]] on the summit of [[Trisul]] in 1951. Mountaineer and chronicler [[Harish Kapadia]] has written in his book, ''Across Peaks & Passes in Garhwal Himalaya'': "To my mind, it was when Gurdial Singh climbed Trisul in 1951 that was the beginning of the age of mountaineering for Indians."<ref>Kapadia, Harish. ''Across Peaks & Passes in Garhwal Himalaya'' (1999). Indus Publishing. p.15</ref>]]
'''Gurdial Singh''' (1 January 1924 – 30 May 2023) was an Indian schoolteacher and [[mountaineer]] who led the first mountaineering expedition of independent India to [[Trisul]] (7,120 metres) in 1951. In 1958, he led the team that made the first ascent of [[Mrigthuni]] (6,855 metres).<ref>{{cite web|first=Sudhir |last=Sahi |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/books/story/19891031-book-review-m.s.-kohli-vikas-mountaineering-in-india-816684-1989-10-31 |title=Book review: M.S. Kohli Vikas 'Mountaineering In India' |website=India Today |date=31 October 1989 |access-date=10 May 2024}}</ref><ref>The Times, Wednesday, 4 July 1951; pg. 5; Issue 52044; col B</ref>
 
<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.livemint.com/2012/05/03195605/Vertical-limit.html |title=Vertical limit |website=mint |date=4 May 2012 |access-date=16 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120506044806/http://www.livemint.com/2012/05/03195605/Vertical-limit.html |archive-date=6 May 2012 |first=Rudraneil |last=Sengupta |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1965, he was a member of the first successful Indian expedition team to climb [[Mount Everest]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/50-years-later-its-happily-Everest-after/articleshow/46893756.cms |title=50 years later, it's happily Everest after |work=Times of India |date=12 April 2015 |access-date=10 May 2024 |first=Kamini |last=Mathai}}</ref><ref name=ghosh /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=121884 |title=PM meets members of 1965 Everest Expedition on the golden jubilee of the occasion |publisher=Press Information Bureau, Government of India |date=20 May 2015 |access-date=10 May 2024}}</ref>
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}
 
'''Gurdial Singh''' (born 1 January 1924) is an [[India]]n [[mountaineer]] who led the first mountaineering expedition of independent India to [[Trisul]] (7,120 metres) in 1951. In 1958, he led the team that made the first ascent of [[Mrigthuni]] (6,855 metres).<ref>{{cite web|author=site admin |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/books/story/19891031-book-review-m.s.-kohli-vikas-mountaineering-in-india-816684-1989-10-31 |title=New heights - Society & The Arts News - Issue Date: Oct 31, 1989 |publisher=Indiatoday.in |date=1989-10-31 |access-date=2020-04-23}}</ref><ref>The Times, Wednesday, 4 July 1951; pg. 5; Issue 52044; col B</ref>
<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.livemint.com/2012/05/03195605/Vertical-limit.html |title=Vertical limit - Travel |publisher=livemint.com |date=2012-05-04 |access-date=2012-05-16}}</ref> In 1965, he was a member of the first successful Indian expedition team to climb [[Mount Everest]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/50-years-later-its-happily-Everest-after/articleshow/46893756.cms |title=50 years later, it's happily Everest after &#124; India News - Times of India |publisher=Timesofindia.indiatimes.com |date=2015-04-12 |access-date=2020-04-23}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Padmaparna Ghosh, Rudraneil Sengupta |url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/ZDIwIHEyFLl1y3lVvqtQ5J/The-first-Indians-on-Everest.html |title=The first Indians on Everest |publisher=Livemint.com |access-date=2020-04-23}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=121884 |title=PM meets members of 1965 Everest Expedition on the golden jubilee of the occasion |publisher=Pib.gov.in |date=1965-05-20 |access-date=2020-04-23}}</ref>  


Singh also led many expeditions at [[The Doon School]], where he was a teacher, and [[Role of The Doon School in Indian mountaineering|along with other Doon masters and students]] was instrumental in establishing a [[Mountaineering in India|mountaineering culture in post-Independence India]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Anderson |first=Richard |date=2001 |title=Climbing with Doon School |journal=[[Alpine Journal]] |location=London |url=https://www.alpinejournal.org.uk/Contents/Contents_2001_files/AJ%202001%20197-201%20Anderson%20Doon%20School.pdf }}</ref> Singh has been described as "the first true Indian mountaineer", and in 2020, the [[Himalayan Journal]] noted "Gurdial climbed for pleasure, to enjoy the mountains in the company of friends, to savour the beauty and grandeur of the high ranges, not to find fame or bag summits."<ref>[[Himalayan Journal]], Volume 75, ''This Is His Life: Gurdial Singh''</ref>
Singh also led many expeditions at [[The Doon School]], where he was a geography teacher, and [[Role of The Doon School in Indian mountaineering|along with other Doon masters and students]] was instrumental in establishing a mountaineering culture in post-Independence India.<ref name=anderson>{{cite journal |last=Anderson |first=Richard |date=2001 |title=Climbing with Doon School |journal=[[Alpine Journal]] |location=London |url=https://www.alpinejournal.org.uk/Contents/Contents_2001_files/AJ%202001%20197-201%20Anderson%20Doon%20School.pdf |volume=106}}</ref> Singh has been described as "the first true Indian mountaineer", and in 2020, the [[Himalayan Journal]] noted "Gurdial climbed for pleasure, to enjoy the mountains in the company of friends, to savour the beauty and grandeur of the high ranges, not to find fame or bag summits."<ref name="auto1">{{cite magazine |magazine=[[Himalayan Journal]] |volume=75 |title=This Is His Life: Gurdial Singh |url=https://www.himalayanclub.org/hj/75/3/this-is-his-life-gurdial-singh/ |first=Suman |last=Dubey |date=2020}}</ref>


==Life and career==
==Life and career==
Gurdial Singh joined [[The Doon School]] in 1945 and it was here that he was influenced by Englishmen such as [[John Martyn (schoolmaster)|John Martyn]], [[R.L. Holdsworth]] and [[Jack Gibson (schoolmaster)|Jack Gibson]] to take up mountaineering. The first headmaster of Doon [[Arthur Foot]] was a member of the Alpine Club.<ref name=anderson /><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mag/2002/02/24/stories/2002022400630800.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020428043058/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mag/2002/02/24/stories/2002022400630800.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=28 April 2002 |title=Climb every mountain |date=24 February 2002 |access-date=16 May 2012 |work=[[The Hindu]] |location=Chennai, India}}</ref> Together, they scaled many peaks including [[Bandarpunch]], [[Trisul]], [[Kamet]], [[Abi Gamin]] and [[Nanda Devi]].<ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.himalayanclub.org/hj/62/16/early-years-of-indian-mountaineering/ |title=Early Years of Indian Mountaineering |magazine=The Himalayan Journal |access-date=10 May 2024 |first=Nalni D. |last=Jayal |date=2006 |volume=62}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020203/spectrum/book6.htm |title=Capturing the mystique of mountains |first=Bill |last=Aitken |website=Tribuneindia.com |date=3 February 2002 |access-date=10 May 2024}}</ref> He was the first Indian member of the famed [[Alpine Club]], which was "a club of English gentlemen devoted to mountaineering".<ref name=autogenerated1/> In 1965, Singh was a member of the first Indian expedition to successfully climb [[Mount Everest]]. The expedition was led by [[Mohan Singh Kohli]] and Singh reached the South Col with the first group to attempt the summit.<ref>{{Cite journal| url=https://www.himalayanclub.org/hj/26/2/nine-atop-everest/|title=Nine Atop Everest |journal= Himalayan Journal |volume =26 | date = 1965| first = M.S. | last =  Kohli | access-date =18 February 2025 }}</ref>


Gurdial Singh joined [[The Doon School]] in 1945 and it was here that he was influenced by Englishmen such as [[John Martyn (schoolmaster)|John Martyn]], [[R.L. Holdsworth]] and [[Jack Gibson (schoolmaster)|Jack Gibson]] to take up mountaineering. The first headmaster of Doon [[Arthur Foot]] was a member of the Alpine Club.<ref>http://www.alpinejournal.org.uk/Contents/Contents_2001_files/AJ%202001%20197-201%20Anderson%20Doon%20School.pdf</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mag/2002/02/24/stories/2002022400630800.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020428043058/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mag/2002/02/24/stories/2002022400630800.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2002-04-28 |title=Climb every mountain |date=2002-02-24 |access-date=2012-05-16 |work=[[The Hindu]] |location=Chennai, India}}</ref> Together, they scaled many peaks including [[Bandarpunch]], [[Trisul]], [[Kamet]], [[Abi Gamin]] and [[Nanda Devi]].<ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite web|url=https://www.himalayanclub.org/hj/62/16/early-years-of-indian-mountaineering/ |title=Early Years of Indian Mountaineering |publisher=Himalayan Club |access-date=2012-05-16}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020203/spectrum/book6.htm |title=The Sunday Tribune - Spectrum - Books |publisher=Tribuneindia.com |date=2002-02-03 |access-date=2012-05-16}}</ref> He was the first Indian member of the famed [[Alpine Club]], which was "a club of English gentlemen devoted to mountaineering".<ref name=autogenerated1/> In 1965, Singh climbed [[Mount Everest]] as a member of the first successful Indian expedition, led by [[Mohan Singh Kohli]].
Singh remained unmarried throughout his life, and often said that he was "married to the mountains".<ref name="auto1"/><ref name="tribune">{{cite news |title=Mountaineering legend Gurdial Singh passes away after prolonged illness |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/chandigarh/mountaineering-legend-gurdial-singh-passes-away-after-prolonged-illness-512949 |access-date=10 May 2024 |first=Deepankar |last=Sharda |work=[[The Tribune (India)|The Tribune]] |date=30 May 2023}}</ref> He died following complications due to a hip fracture and [[chikungunya]] at his home in Chandigarh, on 30 May 2023. Singh was 99.<ref name="tribune"/>


==Awards==
==Awards==
Apart from being the first Indian to be included in the [[Alpine Club]], Singh was given the [[Arjuna Award]] in 1965 for his contributions towards Indian mountaineering. In 1967, Singh was awarded [[Padma Shri]].,<ref name=autogenerated1 /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://india.gov.in/myindia/padmashri_awards_list1.php |title=National Portal of India |publisher=India.gov.in |date=2020-03-29 |access-date=2020-04-23}}</ref> the fourth highest civilian award in India. In 2007, Gurdial Singh was given a Lifetime Achievement Award and the [[Tenzing Norgay National Adventure Award]] for his contributions towards Indian mountaineering.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/08/30/stories/2007083061882200.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071119113809/http://www.hindu.com/2007/08/30/stories/2007083061882200.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=2007-11-19 | location=Chennai, India | work=[[The Hindu]] | title='Olympic gold is my aim' | date=2007-08-30}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/citys-oldbutyoungatheart-citizens/223491/|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130122143747/http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/citys-oldbutyoungatheart-citizens/223491/|url-status=dead|title=City's old-but-young-at-heart citizens - Express India|archive-date=2013-01-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indianmountaineeringfoundation.com/10sep43agbm.html|title=IMF: News: Basic Climbers Training Camp<!-- Bot generated title -->}}</ref>
Apart from being the first Indian to be included in the [[Alpine Club]], Singh was given the [[Arjuna Award]] in 1965 for his contributions towards Indian mountaineering. In 1967, Singh was awarded [[Padma Shri]],<ref name=autogenerated1 /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://dashboard-padmaawards.gov.in/?Name=gurdial%20singh |title=Previous Awardees |website=Padma Awards |publisher=Government of India |access-date=10 May 2024}}</ref> the fourth highest civilian award in India. In 2007, Gurdial Singh was given a Lifetime Achievement Award and the [[Tenzing Norgay National Adventure Award]] for his contributions towards Indian mountaineering.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/08/30/stories/2007083061882200.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071119113809/http://www.hindu.com/2007/08/30/stories/2007083061882200.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=19 November 2007 | location=Chennai, India | work=[[The Hindu]] | title='Olympic gold is my aim' | date=30 August 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/citys-oldbutyoungatheart-citizens/223491/|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130122143747/http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/citys-oldbutyoungatheart-citizens/223491/|url-status=dead|title=City's old-but-young-at-heart citizens |website=Express India|archive-date=22 January 2013 |date=2 October 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indianmountaineeringfoundation.com/10sep43agbm.html|title=Report for the year 2007-08 |website=Indian Mountaineering Foundation |date=17 November 2007 |access-date=10 May 2024}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
Line 48: Line 45:


;Bibliography
;Bibliography
*[https://books.google.com/books/about/For_Hills_to_Climb.html?id=3sVlHQAACAAJ ''For Hills to Climb''] by Gurdial Singh, Nandu JayalPublished by Doon School Old Boys' Society, 2001.
*{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3sVlHQAACAAJ |title=For Hills to Climb |first1=Gurdial |last1=Singh |first2=Nandu |last2=Jayal |publisher=Doon School Old Boys' Society |date=2001}}
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=vUnF8fl2dzcC&printsec=frontcover&dq=indian+englishman&hl=en&sa=X&ei=GjSzT_iVIsmrrAfKgKnsCQ&ved=0CDsQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=gurdial%20singh&f=false An Indian Englishman] by Jack Gibson 2008 {{ISBN|9781435734616}}
*{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vUnF8fl2dzcC&q=gurdial+singh |title=An Indian Englishman |first=Jack |last=Gibson |date=2008 |publisher=Lulu.com |isbn=9781435734616}}


{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Sports}}
{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Sports}}
Line 56: Line 53:


{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Gurdial}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Gurdial}}
[[Category:1924 births]]
[[Category:2023 deaths]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in sports]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in sports]]
[[Category:The Doon School faculty]]
[[Category:The Doon School faculty]]
[[Category:Mountain climbers from Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Mountain climbers from Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:1924 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian mountain climbers]]
[[Category:Indian mountain climbers]]
[[Category:People from Uttarkashi]]
[[Category:People from Uttarkashi]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Tenzing Norgay National Adventure Award]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Tenzing Norgay National Adventure Award]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Arjuna Award]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Arjuna Award]]

Latest revision as of 22:25, 30 August 2025


For the Punjabi writer, see Gurdial Singh.

Gurdial Singh
Personal information
NationalityIndian
Born(1924-01-01)1 January 1924
Died30 May 2023(2023-05-30) (aged 99)
Chandigarh, India
Climbing career
Major ascents- Led the first Indian expedition to Trisul (1951)[1]
- First ascent of Mrigthuni (1958)[2]
- Member of the first Indian expedition to Mount Everest (1965)[3]

Gurdial Singh (1 January 1924 – 30 May 2023) was an Indian schoolteacher and mountaineer who led the first mountaineering expedition of independent India to Trisul (7,120 metres) in 1951. In 1958, he led the team that made the first ascent of Mrigthuni (6,855 metres).[4][5] [6] In 1965, he was a member of the first successful Indian expedition team to climb Mount Everest.[7][3][8]

Singh also led many expeditions at The Doon School, where he was a geography teacher, and along with other Doon masters and students was instrumental in establishing a mountaineering culture in post-Independence India.[9] Singh has been described as "the first true Indian mountaineer", and in 2020, the Himalayan Journal noted "Gurdial climbed for pleasure, to enjoy the mountains in the company of friends, to savour the beauty and grandeur of the high ranges, not to find fame or bag summits."[10]

Life and career[edit | edit source]

Gurdial Singh joined The Doon School in 1945 and it was here that he was influenced by Englishmen such as John Martyn, R.L. Holdsworth and Jack Gibson to take up mountaineering. The first headmaster of Doon Arthur Foot was a member of the Alpine Club.[9][11] Together, they scaled many peaks including Bandarpunch, Trisul, Kamet, Abi Gamin and Nanda Devi.[12][13] He was the first Indian member of the famed Alpine Club, which was "a club of English gentlemen devoted to mountaineering".[12] In 1965, Singh was a member of the first Indian expedition to successfully climb Mount Everest. The expedition was led by Mohan Singh Kohli and Singh reached the South Col with the first group to attempt the summit.[14]

Singh remained unmarried throughout his life, and often said that he was "married to the mountains".[10][15] He died following complications due to a hip fracture and chikungunya at his home in Chandigarh, on 30 May 2023. Singh was 99.[15]

Awards[edit | edit source]

Apart from being the first Indian to be included in the Alpine Club, Singh was given the Arjuna Award in 1965 for his contributions towards Indian mountaineering. In 1967, Singh was awarded Padma Shri,[12][16] the fourth highest civilian award in India. In 2007, Gurdial Singh was given a Lifetime Achievement Award and the Tenzing Norgay National Adventure Award for his contributions towards Indian mountaineering.[17][18][19]

See also[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

Notes
  1. ↑ Greenwood, R. D. (1952). "TRISUL, 1951". Himalayan Journal. Vol. 17.
  2. ↑ Ali, Aamir (1958). "MRIGTHUNI, 1958". Himalayan Journal. Vol. 21.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Ghosh, Padmaparna; Sengupta, Rudraneil (16 May 2015). "The first Indians on Everest". mint. Retrieved 10 May 2024.
  4. ↑ Sahi, Sudhir (31 October 1989). "Book review: M.S. Kohli Vikas 'Mountaineering In India'". India Today. Retrieved 10 May 2024.
  5. ↑ The Times, Wednesday, 4 July 1951; pg. 5; Issue 52044; col B
  6. ↑ Sengupta, Rudraneil (4 May 2012). "Vertical limit". mint. Archived from the original on 6 May 2012. Retrieved 16 May 2012.
  7. ↑ Mathai, Kamini (12 April 2015). "50 years later, it's happily Everest after". Times of India. Retrieved 10 May 2024.
  8. ↑ "PM meets members of 1965 Everest Expedition on the golden jubilee of the occasion". Press Information Bureau, Government of India. 20 May 2015. Retrieved 10 May 2024.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Anderson, Richard (2001). "Climbing with Doon School" (PDF). Alpine Journal. 106. London.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Dubey, Suman (2020). "This Is His Life: Gurdial Singh". Himalayan Journal. Vol. 75.
  11. ↑ "Climb every mountain". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 24 February 2002. Archived from the original on 28 April 2002. Retrieved 16 May 2012.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Jayal, Nalni D. (2006). "Early Years of Indian Mountaineering". The Himalayan Journal. Vol. 62. Retrieved 10 May 2024.
  13. ↑ Aitken, Bill (3 February 2002). "Capturing the mystique of mountains". Tribuneindia.com. Retrieved 10 May 2024.
  14. ↑ Kohli, M.S. (1965). "Nine Atop Everest". Himalayan Journal. 26. Retrieved 18 February 2025.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Sharda, Deepankar (30 May 2023). "Mountaineering legend Gurdial Singh passes away after prolonged illness". The Tribune. Retrieved 10 May 2024.
  16. ↑ "Previous Awardees". Padma Awards. Government of India. Retrieved 10 May 2024.
  17. ↑ "'Olympic gold is my aim'". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 30 August 2007. Archived from the original on 19 November 2007.
  18. ↑ "City's old-but-young-at-heart citizens". Express India. 2 October 2007.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  19. ↑ "Report for the year 2007-08". Indian Mountaineering Foundation. 17 November 2007. Retrieved 10 May 2024.
Bibliography
Retrieved from "https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gurdial_Singh_(mountaineer)&oldid=453636"
Discover more