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{{Short description|System for the precession of equinoxes}} | |||
{{use dmy dates|date=July 2020}} | {{use dmy dates|date=July 2020}} | ||
[[File:Equinox path.png|thumb|300px|Path taken by the point of [[March equinox|vernal equinox]] along the ecliptic over the past 6000 years | [[File:Equinox path.png|thumb|300px|Path taken by the point of [[March equinox|vernal equinox]] along the ecliptic over the past 6000 years]] | ||
'''''Ayanamsa''''' | |||
'''''Ayanamsa''''' ({{IAST|ayanāṃśa}}: {{etymology|san|ayana|movement||aṃśa|component}}), also '''''ayanabhāga''''' ({{etymology|san|bhāga|portion}}), is the [[Sanskrit]] term for many systems used in [[Hindu astrology]] to account for the [[precession of equinoxes]].<ref name=":0">Barbara Pijan, https://barbarapijan.com/bpa/Amsha/Ayanamsha.htm</ref>{{Verification needed|date=December 2019}} There are also systems of ayanamsa used in [[Sidereal and tropical astrology|Western sidereal astrology]], such as the Fagan/Bradley Ayanamsa.<ref name=":1" /> | |||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
There are various systems of Ayanamsa that are in use in Hindu astrology (also known as [[Vedas|Vedic]] astrology) such as the Raman Ayanamsa<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.saravali.de/articles/ayanamsa.html|title=Saravali: Ayanamsa|website=www.saravali.de|access-date=2019-12-05}}</ref> and the Krishnamurthy Ayanamsa,<ref name=":0" /> but the Lahiri Ayanamsa, named after its [[inventor]], [[astronomer]] | There are various systems of Ayanamsa that are in use in Hindu astrology (also known as [[Vedas|Vedic]] astrology) such as the [[B V Raman|Raman Ayanamsa]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.saravali.de/articles/ayanamsa.html|title=Saravali: Ayanamsa|website=www.saravali.de|access-date=2019-12-05}}</ref> and the Krishnamurthy Ayanamsa,<ref name=":0" /> but the Lahiri Ayanamsa, named after its [[inventor]], [[astronomer]] Nirmal Chandra Lahiri (1906–1980), is by far the most prevalent system in India.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.astro.com/astrology/in_ayanamsha_e.htm|title=Ayanamshas in Sidereal Astrology|website=www.astro.com|language=en|access-date=2019-12-05}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://medium.com/@srivarahamihira/which-ayanamsa-did-sri-varahamihira-use-205ae5925480|title=Which Ayanamsa did Sri Varahamihira use?|last=Mihira|first=Varaha|date=2016-02-04|website=Medium|language=en|access-date=2020-03-31}}</ref> Critics of Lahiri Ayanamsa have proposed an ayanamsa called True Chitra Paksha Ayanamsa.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> There are other existing ayanamsa such as Raman, Pushya Paksha, Rohini, Kërr A.I, Usha Shashi and Chandra Hari. However, the zero ayanamsa year of Dulakara ayanamsa is precise; the zero ayanamsa year according to it is 232 CE. Indrasena ayanamsa is a significant improvement of Dulakara ayanamsa by introducing a different precessional rate, which is 50.30274802049371" per year, to 232 CE zero ayanamsa year. <ref>https://www.scribd.com/document/907636582/Ayanamsa-decoded</ref> | ||
The use of ayanamsa to account for the precession of equinoxes is believed to have been defined in [[Vedas|Vedic texts]]{{Which|date=July 2023}} at least 2,500 years before the [[Ancient Greece|Greek]] astronomer [[Hipparchus]] quantified the precession of equinoxes in 127 B.C.{{Citation needed|date=October 2021}} While critical scholars believe these "Vedic texts", at least those centering Spica Cittā (or 0° Libra, Tūla Rāśi), were composed in the common era, between 200 and 400 CE. | |||
Lahiri falsely [unsubstantiated claim] intended that Spica be centred in Cittā (0° Tūla, tropical LIB) and exactly 180° from tropical ARI. Spica's ecliptic longitude was approximately 203.2° in the mid 1950s, 203.84° in 2000 and thus its presumed ayanamsa is 23.84° (J2000), 24.2° by 2026, and 25.0° by 2083. | |||
The actual longitude of Spica is closer to 29° Virgo<ref>Astrological origins : Fagan, Cyril, 1895– : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive. (2022). Internet Archive. https://archive.org/details/astrologicalorig0000faga</ref> than 0° Libra. Thus, the Lahiri ayanamsa is nearly one degree less than the true value of ayanamsa. | |||
Centring Spica in Cittā, as Lahiri does, pushes Aldebaran and Regulus off-centre and pushes Antares west and outside its namesake nakshatra. Allowing Spica 45' to 1° east of Cittā's center better aligns Pleiades in Kattikā, centers Aldebaran in Rohini, Regulus in Maghā, and Antares to define the western boundary of Jyestha. | |||
==See also == | |||
* [[Sidereal and tropical astrology|Western sidereal astrology]] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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Latest revision as of 23:58, 19 March 2026
Ayanamsa (ayanāṃśa: Template:Etymology), also ayanabhāga (Template:Etymology), is the Sanskrit term for many systems used in Hindu astrology to account for the precession of equinoxes.[1]Template:Verification needed There are also systems of ayanamsa used in Western sidereal astrology, such as the Fagan/Bradley Ayanamsa.[2]
Overview[edit | edit source]
There are various systems of Ayanamsa that are in use in Hindu astrology (also known as Vedic astrology) such as the Raman Ayanamsa[3] and the Krishnamurthy Ayanamsa,[1] but the Lahiri Ayanamsa, named after its inventor, astronomer Nirmal Chandra Lahiri (1906–1980), is by far the most prevalent system in India.[2][4] Critics of Lahiri Ayanamsa have proposed an ayanamsa called True Chitra Paksha Ayanamsa.[2][4] There are other existing ayanamsa such as Raman, Pushya Paksha, Rohini, Kërr A.I, Usha Shashi and Chandra Hari. However, the zero ayanamsa year of Dulakara ayanamsa is precise; the zero ayanamsa year according to it is 232 CE. Indrasena ayanamsa is a significant improvement of Dulakara ayanamsa by introducing a different precessional rate, which is 50.30274802049371" per year, to 232 CE zero ayanamsa year. [5]
The use of ayanamsa to account for the precession of equinoxes is believed to have been defined in Vedic texts[which?] at least 2,500 years before the Greek astronomer Hipparchus quantified the precession of equinoxes in 127 B.C.[citation needed] While critical scholars believe these "Vedic texts", at least those centering Spica Cittā (or 0° Libra, Tūla Rāśi), were composed in the common era, between 200 and 400 CE.
Lahiri falsely [unsubstantiated claim] intended that Spica be centred in Cittā (0° Tūla, tropical LIB) and exactly 180° from tropical ARI. Spica's ecliptic longitude was approximately 203.2° in the mid 1950s, 203.84° in 2000 and thus its presumed ayanamsa is 23.84° (J2000), 24.2° by 2026, and 25.0° by 2083.
The actual longitude of Spica is closer to 29° Virgo[6] than 0° Libra. Thus, the Lahiri ayanamsa is nearly one degree less than the true value of ayanamsa.
Centring Spica in Cittā, as Lahiri does, pushes Aldebaran and Regulus off-centre and pushes Antares west and outside its namesake nakshatra. Allowing Spica 45' to 1° east of Cittā's center better aligns Pleiades in Kattikā, centers Aldebaran in Rohini, Regulus in Maghā, and Antares to define the western boundary of Jyestha.
See also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Barbara Pijan, https://barbarapijan.com/bpa/Amsha/Ayanamsha.htm
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "Ayanamshas in Sidereal Astrology". www.astro.com. Retrieved 5 December 2019.
- ↑ "Saravali: Ayanamsa". www.saravali.de. Retrieved 5 December 2019.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Mihira, Varaha (4 February 2016). "Which Ayanamsa did Sri Varahamihira use?". Medium. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
- ↑ https://www.scribd.com/document/907636582/Ayanamsa-decoded
- ↑ Astrological origins : Fagan, Cyril, 1895– : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive. (2022). Internet Archive. https://archive.org/details/astrologicalorig0000faga
External links[edit | edit source]
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