La Martinière College, Lucknow: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox school
{{Infobox school
|image = La Martiniere College, Lucknow - by Ahmad Faiz Mustafa.jpg
| image                   = La Martiniere College, Lucknow - by Ahmad Faiz Mustafa.jpg
|name = '''La Martinière College''', Lucknow  
| name                   = '''La Martinière College''', Lucknow
|motto = ''labore et constantia'' <br /><small>("By Labour and Constancy")</small>
| motto                   = ''labore et constantia'' <br /><small>("By Labour and Constancy")</small>
|established = {{start date and age|1845}} (boys)<br>1869 (girls)
| established             = {{start date and age|1845}} (boys)<br>1869 (girls)
|type = [[Trustee]]
| type                   = [[Trustee]]
|founder = [[Claude Martin|Major General Claude Martin]]
| founder                 = [[Claude Martin|Major General Claude Martin]]
|principal = [[Carlyle Andrè McFarland]] (boys)<br> [[Aashrita Dass]] (girls)
| principal               = Gary Dominic Everet (boys)<br>Aashrita Dass (girls)
|city = [[Lucknow]], [[India]]
| city                   = [[Lucknow]], [[India]]
|enrollment= c. 4000 boys +<br> c. 2,200 girls
| enrollment             = c. 4000 boys +<br> c. 2,200 girls
|houses = 4
| houses                 = 4
|colours = Blue {{color box|blue}} and Gold {{color box|gold}}  
| colours                 = Blue {{color box|blue}} and Gold {{color box|gold}}
|staff = Varies
| staff                   = Varies
| publication = ''Constantia'' (annually)
| publication             = ''Constantia'' (annually)
''The Martiniere Post'' (monthly)
''The Martiniere Post'' (monthly)
| free_label = Former pupils
| free_label             = Former pupils
| free_text = [[List of notable Martinians|Martinians]]
| free_text               = [[List of notable Martinians|Old Martinians]]
|campus = [[Urban area|Urban]] city, varying area
| campus                 = [[Urban area|Urban]] city, varying area
|website= [http://www.lamartinierelucknow.org www.lamartinierelucknow.org] <br> [http://www.lamartinieregirlscollegelko.com www.lamartinieregirlscollegelko.com]
| website                 = [http://www.lamartinierelucknow.org www.lamartinierelucknow.org] <br> [http://www.lamartinieregirlscollegelko.com www.lamartinieregirlscollegelko.com]|
|}}
}}


[[File:La Martiniere, lucknow 39.jpg|thumb|La Martiniere, Lucknow]]
[[File:La Martiniere, lucknow 39.jpg|thumb|La Martiniere, Lucknow]]


'''La Martinière College''' is a private educational institution for the upper elite class located in [[Lucknow]], the capital of the [[India]]n state of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. The college consists of two schools on different campuses for boys and girls. La Martinière College (for boys) was founded in 1845 and La Martinière Girls' College was established in 1869. The Boys' College is the only school in the world to have been awarded royal [[battle honours]]<ref name=ghost>[http://www.margaretdeefholts.com/Lucknow.html Deefholts, Margaret. 'History's ghosts in Old Lucknow'] accessed June 2007</ref> for its role in the defence of Lucknow during the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]]. The two Lucknow colleges are part of the La Martinière family of schools founded by the French adventurer Major General [[Claude Martin]]. There are two La Martinière Colleges in [[Kolkata]] and three in [[Lyon]]. La Martinière provides a [[liberal education]] and the medium of instruction is the [[English language]]. The schools cater for pupils from the ages of five through to 17 or 18, and are open to children of all religious denominations, the boys' school has a Chapel, a Hindu Temple and a Mosque on its campus and has remained a non-denominational school since its inception, unlike the two [[La Martiniere Calcutta|La Martiniere]] Schools in Calcutta which are Christian schools, controlled by the Anglican [[Church of North India]]. The schools have day scholars and residence scholars (boarders).
'''La Martinière College''' is an elite educational institution located in [[Lucknow]], the capital of the [[India]]n state of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. The college consists of two schools on different campuses for boys and girls. La Martinière College (for boys) was founded in 1845 and La Martinière Girls' College was established in 1869. La Martiniere Boys' College is the only school in the world to have been awarded royal [[battle honours]]<ref name=ghost>[http://www.margaretdeefholts.com/Lucknow.html Deefholts, Margaret. 'History's ghosts in Old Lucknow'] accessed June 2007</ref> for its role in the defence of Lucknow and the Lucknow residency during the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]].  
 
The two Lucknow colleges are part of the La Martinière family of schools, founded by the French adventurer Major General [[Claude Martin]]. There are two La Martinière Colleges in [[Kolkata]] and three in [[Lyon]]. La Martinière provides a [[liberal education]] and the medium of instruction is the [[English language]]. The schools cater for pupils from the age of 5 to 17 or 18, and are open to children of all religious denominations, the boys' school has a Chapel, a [[Hindus|Hindu]] Temple and a Mosque on its campus and has remained a non-denominational school since its inception, unlike the two [[La Martiniere Calcutta|La Martiniere]] Schools in Calcutta which are Christian schools, controlled by the Anglican [[Church of North India]]. Both the schools have day scholars and residence scholars (boarders).


''[[The Economist]]'' has described its Constantia building as "perhaps the best-preserved colonial building in Lucknow".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/news/asia/21709035-battling-save-old-buildings-city-embarrassment-them-brick-brick|title=Brick by brick|date=22 October 2016|newspaper=The Economist|issn=0013-0613|access-date=28 November 2016}}</ref>
''[[The Economist]]'' has described its Constantia building as "perhaps the best-preserved colonial building in Lucknow".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/news/asia/21709035-battling-save-old-buildings-city-embarrassment-them-brick-brick|title=Brick by brick|date=22 October 2016|newspaper=The Economist|issn=0013-0613|access-date=28 November 2016}}</ref>
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[[File:claudemartin-engraving.jpg|thumb|Claude Martin]]
[[File:claudemartin-engraving.jpg|thumb|Claude Martin]]
[[File:Laat at La Martiniere, lucknow .jpg|thumb|Laat at La Martinière, Lucknow]]
[[File:Laat at La Martiniere, lucknow .jpg|thumb|Laat at La Martinière, Lucknow]]
La Martinière Boys' College was founded by an endowment from the wealthy eighteenth-century Frenchman, Major-General [[Claude Martin]] (1735–1800), who was an officer in the French and later the British [[East India Company]]. Martin acquired his fortune while serving [[Asaf-ud-Daula]], the [[nawab]] [[Vizier|wazir]] of [[Awadh]], and was reputedly the richest Frenchman in India. Constantia, the palatial building which now houses the Boys' College, was built in 1785 as Martin's country residence, but was not completed until 1802,<ref>[http://www.collectbritain.co.uk/personalisation/object.cfm?uid=019ADDOR0004035U00000000 'La Martinière (??), the house of Colonel Martin, at Lucknow'. From the British Library's Asia, Pacific and Africa Collections on the Collect Britain website.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927151532/http://www.collectbritain.co.uk/personalisation/object.cfm?uid=019ADDOR0004035U00000000 |date=27 September 2011 }} accessed July 2007</ref> two years after Martin's death on 13 September 1800. Historians believe that the house takes its name from the school motto ''Labore et Constantia'' (Work and Constancy) which represents Martin's personal philosophy. There is a more romantic, though unproven, notion that the building was named after Constance, a young French girl who was supposedly Martin's first love.<ref name=mrl>[http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00routesdata/1700_1799/claudemartin/claudemartin.html An article by the Lucknow historian Ms. Rosie Llewellyn-Jones in ''Taj'' magazine] accessed June 2007</ref>
La Martinière Boys' College was founded by an endowment from the wealthy eighteenth-century Frenchman, Major-General [[Claude Martin]] (1735–1800), who was an officer in the French and later the British [[East India Company]]. Constantia, the palatial building which now houses the Boys' College, was built in 1785 as Martin's country residence, but was not completed until 1802,<ref>[http://www.collectbritain.co.uk/personalisation/object.cfm?uid=019ADDOR0004035U00000000 'La Martinière (??), the house of Colonel Martin, at Lucknow'. From the British Library's Asia, Pacific and Africa Collections on the Collect Britain website.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927151532/http://www.collectbritain.co.uk/personalisation/object.cfm?uid=019ADDOR0004035U00000000 |date=27 September 2011 }} accessed July 2007</ref> two years after Martin's death on 13 September 1800. Historians believe that the house takes its name from the school motto ''Labore et Constantia'' (Work and Constancy) which represents Martin's personal philosophy. There is a more romantic, though unproven, notion that the building was named after Constance, a young French girl who was supposedly Martin's first love.<ref name=mrl>[http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00routesdata/1700_1799/claudemartin/claudemartin.html An article by the Lucknow historian Ms. Rosie Llewellyn-Jones in ''Taj'' magazine] accessed June 2007</ref>
 
Martin never married and he had no heirs. In his will, dated 1 January 1800, he left the bulk of his estate to provide for the establishment of three schools to be named La Martinière in his memory. The schools were to be located in [[Lucknow]], [[Calcutta]] and at [[Lyon]], his birthplace in France. The residue of his estate after bequests had been made to be used for the maintenance of these schools. He directed that the school in Lucknow should be established at Constantia and that the house should be kept as a "school or College for teaching young men the English language and Christian religion if they found themselves inclined".<ref name=lmlv>[http://www.lamartinierelucknow.org/glory1_1.htm A synopsis of the history of La Martinière College, Lucknow] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928050918/http://www.lamartinierelucknow.org/glory1_1.htm |date=28 September 2007 }} accessed June 2007</ref> Martin instructed in his will that his 'body be salted, put in spirits or embalmed', and placed in a lead coffin in a vault beneath the house.<ref name=Kim>Extract from "Quest for Kim – In search of Kipling's Great Game" by [[Peter Hopkirk]]. London: John Murray, 1996. {{ISBN|0-7195-5560-4}}. [http://archiver.rootsweb.com/th/read/INDIA/1999-04/0924859689 Transcribed by Tony Mooar in a posting on the India-L Rootsweb Mailing List on 23 April 1999] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080126211124/http://archiver.rootsweb.com/th/read/INDIA/1999-04/0924859689 |date=26 January 2008 }} accessed June 2007</ref>


Martin never married and he had no heirs. In his will, dated 1 January 1800, he left the bulk of his estate to provide for the establishment of three schools to be named La Martinière in his memory. The schools were to be located in [[Lucknow]], [[Calcutta]] and at [[Lyon]], his birthplace in [[France]]. The residue of his estate after bequests had been made was to be used for the maintenance of these schools. He directed that the school in Lucknow should be established at Constantia and that the house should be kept as a "school or College for learning young men the English language and [[Christianity|Christian religion]] if they found themselves inclined".<ref name=lmlv>[http://www.lamartinierelucknow.org/glory1_1.htm A synopsis of the history of La Martinière College, Lucknow] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928050918/http://www.lamartinierelucknow.org/glory1_1.htm |date=28 September 2007 }} accessed June 2007</ref>
<imagemap>
Image:PolierMartinWombwellZoffany.jpg|thumb|[[Antoine Polier]], General [[Claude Martin]], John Wombwell, assay master, and [[Johann Zoffany]], the painter, surrounded by servants and Polier's art collection.
rect 269 140 344 305 [[Claude Martin]]
rect 124 147 181 298 [[Antoine Polier|Antoine-Louis Polier]]
rect 208 146 253 217 [[Johann Zoffany]]
desc none
</imagemap>
Martin instructed in his will that his 'body be salted, put in spirits or embalmed', and placed in a lead coffin in a vault beneath the house. His tomb should carry a plaque bearing the following inscription:
<poem>
''Major-General Claude Martin''.
''Arrived in India as a common soldier''
''and died at Lucknow on 13 September,''
''1800, as a Major-General.''
''He is buried in this tomb.''
''Pray for his soul.''<ref name=Kim>Extract from "Quest for Kim – In search of Kipling's Great Game" by [[Peter Hopkirk]]. London: John Murray, 1996. {{ISBN|0-7195-5560-4}}. [http://archiver.rootsweb.com/th/read/INDIA/1999-04/0924859689 Transcribed by Tony Mooar in a posting on the India-L Rootsweb Mailing List on 23 April 1999] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080126211124/http://archiver.rootsweb.com/th/read/INDIA/1999-04/0924859689 |date=26 January 2008 }} accessed June 2007</ref>
</poem>
It is popularly believed that Martin was motivated not just by vanity but by a desire to protect his property after his death and to prevent his friend, the nawab, from acquiring it. By having himself, a Christian, buried beneath Constantia, he knew that the building would be permanently desecrated in the Muslim nawab's eyes.<ref name = Kim/> Chandan Mitra, in his book ''Constant Glory'', thinks otherwise. He writes "Constantia's plans show that the basement mausoleum was part of the original scheme for the building and not included as an afterthought to guard against requisition."<ref name=mc>Mitra, Chandan. ''Constant glory: La Martinière jai mata di saga 1836–1986''. Calcutta: Oxford University jai mata di Press, 1987.</ref>
It is popularly believed that Martin was motivated not just by vanity but by a desire to protect his property after his death and to prevent his friend, the nawab, from acquiring it. By having himself, a Christian, buried beneath Constantia, he knew that the building would be permanently desecrated in the Muslim nawab's eyes.<ref name = Kim/> Chandan Mitra, in his book ''Constant Glory'', thinks otherwise. He writes "Constantia's plans show that the basement mausoleum was part of the original scheme for the building and not included as an afterthought to guard against requisition."<ref name=mc>Mitra, Chandan. ''Constant glory: La Martinière jai mata di saga 1836–1986''. Calcutta: Oxford University jai mata di Press, 1987.</ref>


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[[File:Premutinyconstantia.jpg|thumb|Constantia before the Indian Rebellion of 1857]]
[[File:Premutinyconstantia.jpg|thumb|Constantia before the Indian Rebellion of 1857]]


The [[Siege of Lucknow|events of 1857]] saw the making of the Martinian military legend. For the first time in history, Britain called on schoolboys to assist in the military conflict – namely the defence of the Lucknow Residency. The names of eight staff members, sixty seven boys and one ensign (old boy) are inscribed on the 'Roll of Honour, defence of the Residency 1857' at La Martinière Lucknow. The siege began on 30 June 1857. Early in June, the Chief Commissioner of [[Oudh]], [[Henry Montgomery Lawrence|Sir Henry Lawrence]] ordered the Martinière be evacuated and for several days the boys travelled from the Residency to the college collecting provisions. The force within the Residency then consisted of British and Indian troops and civilian volunteers including a number of Anglo-Indians. The Martinière contingent was commanded by the Principal, Mr. George Schilling. The Residency was under siege for eighty-six days, until relieved by [[Colin Campbell, 1st Baron Clyde|Sir Colin Campbell]] in November 1857.<ref name=mc/>
In the [[Siege of Lucknow|events of 1857]], eight staff members, sixty seven boys and one ensign (old boy) participated.<ref name=mc/>
 
[[File:Lucknow - La Martiniere (1858).jpg|left|thumb|La Martiniere in 1858]]
The role of the boys and masters of La Martinière has been well documented in [[Chandan Mitra]]'s 1987 book titled ''Constant Glory – La Martinière saga 1836–1986''.<ref name=mc/> The Residency fortifications and defended houses were about a mile in circumference, and the Martinière contingent, along with a detachment of the [[32nd Regiment of Foot]], were garrisoned in a strongly built house containing tykhanas (cellars) and adjoining outhouses. The position became known as The Martinière Post and was a mere thirty feet distant from Johannes House, held by the rebels, and as a consequence, was exposed to heavy shelling.
 
Apart from actual fighting, the boys performed a number of tasks within the Residency compound – some ran messages to the hospital, watched over the sick and wounded, ground corn and manned the telegraph connecting the Residency to Alam Bagh; others were seconded to domestic duties in place of native servants who had absconded. Despite the dangers, casualties among the boys were few. Two died of [[dysentery]] and two others were wounded in action. Their diet consisted of mutton soup. On one occasion, a mine blew down the outer room of The Martinière Post, but the boys defended the breach and after several days of bitter fighting managed to drive off the enemy housed opposite their camp.
 
[[File:Lamartiniere boys area plaque.jpg|thumb|Plaque – "These doorways were defended by the Martiniere boys when the front of the building had been blown up by the enemy's mine"]]
 
Major Gorman in his ''Great Exploits – The Siege of Lucknow'' wrote that the Martinière boys erected an amateur semaphore on the Residency tower from instructions given in a number of the ''[[Penny Cyclopaedia|Penny Encyclopaedia]]''.<ref>Gorman, JT. Great exploits: the siege of Lucknow. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1941.</ref> The semaphore enabled [[Sir James Outram, 1st Baronet|General Outram]] to advise the commander of the relieving force Sir Colin Campbell 'to give the city a wide berth', avoiding the heavy enemy batteries on the direct road to the Residency. The fiercest fighting of the advance that followed was at the Martinière College, strongly defended by the Indian Freedom Fighters. Sir Colin dislodged them, occupied the college, setting up another semaphore on its roof to communicate with Outram. The Martinière contingent took part in the secret evacuation of the Residency, and the rambling journey of six weeks across India which followed, until finally arriving by boat at [[Benares]]. After the Siege the college was temporarily moved to Benares. Classrooms were established in bungalows and the school routine recommenced.
 
===Rewards and battle honours===
Principal Schilling's leadership was well rewarded. He became a [[taluqdar]], or noble of [[Oudh]], with an estate worth £30,000, thereby ensuring a comfortable retirement in England. The Martinière contribution was officially recognised in [[Queen Victoria]]'s (1858) proclamation. The staff and the boys who served during the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]] were all awarded the [[Indian Mutiny Medal]], inscribed with the words "Defence of Lucknow", in recognition of their courage and steadfastness.<ref>[http://members.ozemail.com.au/~clday/medals.htm La Martinière Staff and Students Awarded the Indian Mutiny Medal 1857–1859] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070608163948/http://members.ozemail.com.au/~clday/medals.htm |date= 8 June 2007 }} accessed June 2007</ref>
 
The awards were notified to the principal on 5 February 1861 by a letter from the chief commissioner of Oudh.<ref name=Tornos/> However, it was not until 1932, following a request by the college, that the British Government recognised Martinière's role in 1857. The school was granted the right, on ceremonial occasions, to carry a British Army regimental-style 'colour' or flag bearing its own coat of arms with a picture of the Residency and the words "Defence of Lucknow, 1857". It thus became the only school in the world to be awarded a British [[battle honour]]. [[McGill University]] in Canada is the only other educational institution in the British Empire to be awarded the same honour for its role in World War I.
 
[[George Edward Lynch Cotton|Bishop Cotton]] made the following reference to the Martinière action at [[St. Paul's Cathedral, Kolkata|St. Paul's Cathedral]], [[Kolkata|Calcutta]] on 28 July 1860: <blockquote>
Public thanksgiving to Almighty God for deliverance from the sepoy revolt should take expression in the form of schools for the children of the Community that had stood so nobly by England in her hour of need and which shed its blood for kinsmen across the seas.
</blockquote>
 
The flag has not been displayed publicly since 1947 as the subject caused some ambivalence. Satish Bhatnagar, author of ''Bright Renown: La Martinière College Lucknow'' comments: "I once asked the principal why the school is hiding the honour. He said he didn't know how the Indian government would take it."<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Opinion/Sunday_Specials/Schoolboy_soldiers/rssarticleshow/1973983.cms "Schoolboy soldiers" Agniva Banerjee Times of India 29 Apr 2007] accessed June 2007</ref>


==After 1857==
==After 1857==
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The records show that in 1865 over 120 boys qualified for admission to the higher department of the Civil Engineering College at [[Roorkee]].
The records show that in 1865 over 120 boys qualified for admission to the higher department of the Civil Engineering College at [[Roorkee]].
In the years following the mutiny, the city of Lucknow, now under the British Crown, was redesigned. La Martinière emerged as an outpost of the British Empire and it acquired the traditions of English public schools.{{cn|date=July 2023}}


In 1869, the La Martinière Girls' School was founded and in 1871 it moved to its present location in the compound of Khurshid Manzil. Initially the Girls' School was under the management of the Boys' School. The La Martinière College Principal was in overall charge of both the Boys' and Girls' Schools, with the Girls' school headed by a Lady Superintendent.{{cn|date=July 2023}}
In 1869, the La Martinière Girls' School was founded and in 1871 it moved to its present location in the compound of Khurshid Manzil. Initially the Girls' School was under the management of the Boys' School. The La Martinière College Principal was in overall charge of both the Boys' and Girls' Schools, with the Girls' school headed by a Lady Superintendent.{{cn|date=July 2023}}
The late nineteenth century and the early twentieth century saw the emergence of the school as an exclusive school preferred by the landed aristocracy of Awadh.{{cn|date=July 2023}}


In 1945, the college celebrated its Centenary.
In 1945, the college celebrated its Centenary.
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After Indian Independence, the curriculum was changed in 1947, with [[Urdu]] being dropped as a compulsory subject and replaced by [[Hindi]]. Many Anglo-Indians both students and Masters left for Britain and Australia. This trend was to continue till almost the mid-seventies.{{cn|date=July 2023}}
After Indian Independence, the curriculum was changed in 1947, with [[Urdu]] being dropped as a compulsory subject and replaced by [[Hindi]]. Many Anglo-Indians both students and Masters left for Britain and Australia. This trend was to continue till almost the mid-seventies.{{cn|date=July 2023}}


In 1951, Mr. Meredith Doutre was appointed as the first Indian principal of the college. He was succeeded by Col HRH Daniels in the 1960s and then by Mr. DEW Shaw in the mid-1970s. The bulk of the students were drawn from the upper middle and middle classes.{{cn|date=July 2023}}
In 1951, Meredith Doutre was appointed as the first Indian principal of the college. He was succeeded by Col HRH Daniels in the 1960s and then by Mr. DEW Shaw in the mid-1970s. The bulk of the students were drawn from the upper middle and middle classes.{{cn|date=July 2023}}


In 1960, there was flooding of the grounds by the [[Gomti River]] resulting in the evacuation of staff and boys to higher ground. In 1962 and 1971 again major floods occurred which threatened the building. The Government constructed a protective bund in 1973–74 which separated the school lake from the main vista thus substantially reducing the earlier picturesque setting.{{cn|date=July 2023}}
In 1960, [[Floods in Lucknow|there was flooding of the grounds]] by the [[Gomti River]] resulting in the evacuation of staff and boys to higher ground. In 1962 and 1971 again major floods occurred which threatened the building. The Government constructed a protective bund in 1973–74 which separated the school lake from the main vista thus substantially reducing the earlier picturesque setting.


In 1976, the school was affiliated to the Indian Council for Secondary Education system of education. This entailed the exam for the Certificate of Secondary Education (class X) and the School Leaving Certificate (class XII).
In 1976, the school was affiliated to the Indian Council for Secondary Education system of education. This entailed the exam for the Certificate of Secondary Education (class X) and the School Leaving Certificate (class XII).


In 1995, the school celebrated its sesquicentennial anniversary. Former principals, old Martinians from all over the country and abroad, and delegations from Lyon and Calcutta, came to Lucknow for this once in a lifetime event. To commemorate the occasion, a history of the college "Bright Renown" was released, an exhibition on the history of the school was organized, and for several days the Constantia was lit up in the night. The President of India released a postage stamp to recognize the contribution of La Martiniere Lucknow.
In 1995, the school celebrated its sesquicentennial anniversary. To commemorate the occasion, a history of the college, ''Bright Renown'', was released, an exhibition on the history of the school was organized, and for several days the Constantia was lit up in the night. The President of India released a postage stamp to recognize the contribution of La Martinière Lucknow.


In 1997 one of the teachers was murdered in the early hours of the morning on 7 March. Thirty-year-old Anglo-Indian Frederick Gomes, the college's assistant warden and physical training instructor, was murdered in his bungalow on the perimeter of the school grounds. Two people were seen firing shots through a broken window at the back of the building, but the culprits were not identified and the murder remains unsolved. However, the murder created a sensation in India at the time, especially when it was found that the school's students had access to guns.<ref name=eoe/> Newspaper columnist [[Saeed Naqvi]], [[Ashank Mehrotra]] former pupils at the school commented: "The killing is a metaphor of our times. For such a level of violence to reach the sacred precincts of La Martinière is symbolic of the way that Lucknow, like so much of India, has completely ceased to be what it once was."<ref name=eoe/>
In 1997 one of the teachers was murdered in the early hours of the morning on 7 March. Thirty-year-old Anglo-Indian Frederick Gomes, the college's assistant warden and physical training instructor, was murdered in his bungalow on the perimeter of the school grounds.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Elton |first=deSouza |date=1997-03-27 |editor-last=Mahmood |editor-first=Ayaan |title=Principal's Report for 1996-97 |url=https://www.lamartinierelucknow.org/wp-content/uploads/REPORT-1996-1997.pdf |journal=Constantia Magazine |language=English |page=1}}</ref> Two people were seen firing shots through a broken window at the back of the building, but the culprits were not identified and the murder remains unsolved. However, the murder created a sensation in India at the time, especially when it was found that the school's students had access to guns.<ref name=eoe>[http://www.travelintelligence.net/wsd/articles/art_834.html East of Eton] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927195943/http://www.travelintelligence.net/wsd/articles/art_834.html |date=27 September 2007 }} William Dalrymple TravelIntelligence.net accessed June 2007</ref> Newspaper columnist [[Saeed Naqvi]], [[Ashank Mehrotra]] former pupils at the school commented: "The killing is a metaphor of our times. For such a level of violence to reach the sacred precincts of La Martinière is symbolic of the way that Lucknow, like so much of India, has completely ceased to be what it once was."<ref name=eoe/>
 
==Constantia==
[[File:La Martiniere3-Lucknow.jpg|thumb|Constantia]]
[[File:La Martiniere's Tower.jpg|thumb|'The Lat']]
La Martinière Boys' College occupies the central portion of the Constantia building and is set in a campus of around {{convert|400|acre|km2|1}}, part of which is now used by Lucknow Golf Club. The sprawling estate also includes a village called [[Martin Purwa]], named after Claude Martin, and part of the Lucknow Zoo.{{cn|date=July 2023}}
 
Constantia stands on a landscaped terrace overlooking what was once a lake, from the centre of which rises a solid fluted column with a Moorish cupola known as 'the Laat'.{{cn|date=July 2023}} The monument is about forty metres (~125 feet) high, and is thought either to be a lighthouse or a marker for the grave of Claude Martin's horse.<ref name=Tornos/> Over the years, the [[Gomti River]] has edged closer, necessitating the construction of a river bund between the front terrace and 'the Lat'. In 1960, the grounds were flooded and the 1803 and 1934 earthquakes caused several statues to fall from their pedestals where they crown the architecture.{{cn|date=July 2023}} The statues are in modern and older antique styles.
 
The building is constructed in an unusual mix of styles. The rooms are decorated in bas-reliefs, arabesques and other Italian styled ornamentation. The eighteenth-century English potter [[Josiah Wedgwood]] was said to be responsible for the plaster of Paris plaques decorating the library and the chapel. However, the plaques which depict classical and mythological subjects are thought to be of local construction. Orders for tons of imported plaster of Paris were discovered in Martin's letters,<ref name=mrl/> it is believed that they are in fact based on just one or two original models. What was imported was the large mirrors, French carpets, inlaid marble<ref>after his death there were many tons of marble discovered from [[Jaipur]] and even China</ref> tables and paintings including some by [[Johann Zoffany]] who was a friend of Claude Martin.<ref name=mrl/> The building has been described as, "part Enlightenment mansion, part Nawabi fantasy, and part Gothic colonial barracks. Its facade mixes Georgian colonnades with the loopholes and turrets of a medieval castle; above, Palladian arcades rise to Mughal copulas."<ref name=eoe>[http://www.travelintelligence.net/wsd/articles/art_834.html East of Eton] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927195943/http://www.travelintelligence.net/wsd/articles/art_834.html |date=27 September 2007 }} William Dalrymple TravelIntelligence.net accessed June 2007</ref>
 
Philip Davies writing on Architecture of the Raj in the illustrated London News of May 1982 has this to say about the Constantia{{cn|date=July 2023}}:
 
" Built in the 1790s it is a bizarre building in a country renowned for extravagant eccentricities. Even more incongruously it now houses an eminent Indian Public school blessed with all the tribal rituals of Eton or Harrow. It is a disturbing building of the most peculiar design. The central tower has bridge links and the entire central range has a strange array of statues dominated by two huge lions whose eyes were supposedly lit by red lanterns."


==History of the Girls' School==
==History of the Girls' School==
Unlike the schools in Calcutta and Lyons there had been no provision to found a girls' school in Lucknow. However funds were found from a ''female education fund'' and a school was started at [[Moti Mahal (Lucknow)|Moti Mahal]]. The Lucknow Girls' School, as it was then known, was run by Mrs. Saunders Abbott. Following a land grant from the government the school was moved to its present location at Khursheed Manzil in 1871 and incorporated and established as a branch of La Martinière College.<ref>[http://www.lamartinieregirlscollegelko.com/history.htm History of the Girls' College] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070713041251/http://www.lamartinieregirlscollegelko.com/history.htm |date=13 July 2007 }} accessed June 2007</ref> The adoption and endowment was facilitated by the distribution by the High Court of Calcutta of the surplus funds of the legacy for the release and relief of prisoners for debt left by General Claude Martin.
Unlike the schools in Calcutta and Lyons there had been no provision to found a girls' school in Lucknow. However funds were found from a ''female education fund'' and a school was started at [[Moti Mahal (Lucknow)|Moti Mahal]]. The Lucknow Girls' School, as it was then known, was run by Mrs. Saunders Abbott. Following a land grant from the government the school was moved to its present location at Khursheed Manzil in 1871 and incorporated and established as a branch of La Martinière College.<ref>[http://www.lamartinieregirlscollegelko.com/history.htm History of the Girls' College] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070713041251/http://www.lamartinieregirlscollegelko.com/history.htm |date=13 July 2007 }} accessed June 2007</ref>
 
Khursheed Manzil, or the ''House of the Sun'', is a large two story mansion marked by towers at the corners. The building was begun by Saadat Ali Khan, and completed by his son, Ghazi-ud-Din Haidar. The property was built in the form of a fortified castle. There is a {{convert|12|ft|m|0|adj=on}}-wide moat, over which there was formerly a drawbridge. After the annexation of Oudh, in 1856, Khursheed Manzil was used as a mess house by officers of the 32nd Regiment, and it became known as the Mess House.
 
During the rebellion of 1857 it was the scene of some stubborn fighting, in which both [[Garnet Wolseley, 1st Viscount Wolseley|Lord Wolseley]], then a captain, and [[Frederick Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts|Lord Roberts]], as a lieutenant bore an active part. The latter planted the flag of the 2nd Punjab Infantry on the west turret as a sign of capture. The building was stormed and taken on 17 November 1857. In constant reminder of those days, a small pillar stands just inside the gate to the left. It bears the following inscription: "It was here that Havelock, Outram and Sir Colin Campbell met on 17th November 1857".
 
In 1889 Government raised the school to the High or Final Standard of Education for Europeans. Later the school was recognized for the Overseas Examination Board of [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge University]].
 
In 1907, on the recommendation of Mr. S. H. Butler, [[Order of the Indian Empire|C.I.E]], the Deputy Commissioner, The Government gave the Trustees and Governor of the school a piece of land adjoining the compound on the west of the Bank of Bengal (now the [[State Bank of India]]) considerably increasing the size of the estate and greatly improving the playground.<ref>The principal source for the Girls' School section is the Centenary Issue of La Martinière Girls' Magazine, published in 1969.</ref>
 
==Houses==
 
The college is divided into four houses, mainly for promoting academic and athletic competition among the pupils. The houses were first given their names in 1913. The houses and their motos are Cornwallis (Never Give In), Hodson (Do or Die), Martin (Nil Desperandum), Lyons (To The End). The houses are named after Lord Cornwallis, Major William Hodson, Lyons, after the birthplace of Claude Martin and Martin after Major General Claude Martin. Each houses are headed by housemaster/mistress, the most senior teacher in the house. He is aided by a House Captain and prefects from the senior high school.
Lord Chelmsford Challenge Cup is awarded on prize day to the house which has performed best with highest house points in every field during the academic year.


== Principals ==
== Principals ==


=== Boys' School ===
=== Boys' School ===
* '''John Newmarch''' was the first Principal of La Martinière, Lucknow, in 1845.
{{prose|section|date=December 2024}}
* '''Leonidas Clint''' (1812 – 21 July 1897), was the Principal of La Martinière, Lucknow, from about 1845 to 1854. He was a graduate of [[Trinity College, Cambridge]]. After leaving Martinière Clint returned to the UK to take up holy orders. He was ordained as a deacon in 1859 and as a priest in 1861 (St David's). He was curate of [[Lamphey]], [[Pembrokeshire]] (1859–1861), [[Hereford]] (1861–1863), [[Presteigne]], [[Powys]] (1863–1865), and [[Brockhampton-by-Ross|Brockhampton]], [[Herefordshire]] (1865–1874). He was the vicar of [[Lingen]], [[Herefordshire]] from 1874 to 1893. He was the editor of Dryden's ''Flower and Leaf'' and the author of ''Conic Sections''. He died in [[Dewsbury]], [[Yorkshire]], aged 85.<ref>Venn, J. A., comp., ''[[Alumni Cantabrigienses]]''. London: Cambridge University Press, 1922–1954.</ref>
Source:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Principals - La Martiniere College |url=https://www.lamartinierelucknow.org/about/our-principals |access-date=2023-10-19}}</ref>
* '''George Schilling''' was promoted to Principal in 1854, having previously served as assistant master at [[La Martiniere Calcutta]].<ref>Rees, L. E. "Mr. Rees and Mr. Martin Gubbins" (letter to the Editor). ''The Times'', 24 July 1858.</ref> He was the Principal during the siege of Lucknow in 1857.
* John Newmarch was the first Principal of La Martinière, Lucknow, in 1845.
*'''James W.H. Stobart'''
* Leonidas Clint (1845–1855), was the Principal of La Martinière, Lucknow, from about 1845 to 1855. He was a graduate of [[Trinity College, Cambridge]]. After leaving Martinière Clint returned to the UK to take up holy orders. He was ordained as a deacon in 1859 and as a priest in 1861 (St David's). He was curate of [[Lamphey]], [[Pembrokeshire]] (1859–1861), [[Hereford]] (1861–1863), [[Presteigne]], [[Powys]] (1863–1865), and [[Brockhampton-by-Ross|Brockhampton]], [[Herefordshire]] (1865–1874). He was the vicar of [[Lingen]], [[Herefordshire]] from 1874 to 1893. He was the editor of Dryden's ''Flower and Leaf'' and the author of ''Conic Sections''. He died in [[Dewsbury]], [[Yorkshire]], aged 85.<ref>Venn, J. A., comp., ''[[Alumni Cantabrigienses]]''. London: Cambridge University Press, 1922–1954.</ref>
*'''Thomas Gaskell Sykes'''
* George Schilling (November 1855 - December 1855) Previously assistant master at [[La Martiniere Calcutta]].<ref>Rees, L. E. "Mr. Rees and Mr. Martin Gubbins" (letter to the Editor). ''The Times'', 24 July 1858.</ref> He was the Principal during the siege of Lucknow in 1857.
* '''Lieutenant Thomas Percival Wood''' (1882 – 25 September 1915), Principal of La Martinière Boys' College (1910–1915) and officer with the Lucknow Volunteer Rifles. Wood was educated at [[Dulwich College]], [[London]], and [[Peterhouse, Cambridge|Peterhouse College]], [[Cambridge]]. He was English 'Proviseur' at the Lycée Ampere in [[Lyon]]s from 1906 to 1907. He was appointed Principal of La Martinière Lucknow in 1910. Wood was an officer of the Lucknow Volunteer Rifles, and offered his services in August 1914. He was promoted to the position of lieutenant in the Indian Army reserve in February 1915. After spending four months with the [[7th Duke of Edinburgh's Own Gurkha Rifles|1/7th Gurkha Rifles]] in [[Quetta]], he was drafted to the Expeditionary Force in France, where he joined the [[3 Gorkha Rifles|3rd Queen Alexandra's Own Gurkha Rifles]] in September 1915. He was killed at the [[Battle of Loos]] while gallantly leading his men in action.<ref>Fallen officers: ''The Times'' list of casualties', The Times, 23 May 1916</ref> His name is commemorated on the Neuve-Chapelle memorial in France.<ref>[http://www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/1448873 Commonwealth War Graves' Commission] accessed June 2006</ref>
*James W.H. Stobart (1855 - 1859)
* '''CLS Garnett''' was the Principal from 1915 to 1926.
*Thomas Gaskell Sykes (1859 - 1879)
*'''Lt. Colonel Ralph S. Weir'''
* Lieutenant Thomas Percival Wood (1879 – 1909), was educated at [[Dulwich College]], [[London]], and [[Peterhouse, Cambridge]]. He was English 'Proviseur' at the Lycée Ampere in [[Lyon]]s from 1906 to 1907. He was appointed Principal of La Martinière Lucknow in 1910. Wood was an officer of the Lucknow Volunteer Rifles, and offered his services in August 1914. He was promoted to the position of lieutenant in the Indian Army reserve in February 1915. After spending four months with the [[7th Duke of Edinburgh's Own Gurkha Rifles|1/7th Gurkha Rifles]] in [[Quetta]], he was drafted to the Expeditionary Force in France, where he joined the [[3 Gorkha Rifles|3rd Queen Alexandra's Own Gurkha Rifles]] in September 1915. He was killed at the [[Battle of Loos]] while gallantly leading his men in action.<ref>Fallen officers: ''The Times'' list of casualties', The Times, 23 May 1916</ref> His name is commemorated on the Neuve-Chapelle memorial in France.<ref>[http://www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/1448873 Commonwealth War Graves' Commission] accessed June 2006</ref>
* '''Lt. Colonel William Edgar Andrews''', Principal of the Boys' College from 1926 to 1951. Andrews moved to India in 1914 to take up a post as senior history and geography master at [[La Martiniere Calcutta|La Martinière Calcutta]]. In 1921 he was appointed Headmaster of the [[Boys' High School and College, Allahabad|Boys' High School and College]] in [[Allahabad]]. He was appointed Principal of La Martinière Lucknow in 1926. Andrews oversaw many changes and improvements to the college, including the construction of the modern well-equipped Spence and Sykes halls, the introduction of the school song, and the award of Battle Honours.
* CLS Garnett was the Principal from 1915 to 1920.
* '''Meredith Doutre''' was the first Indian Principal.<ref>[http://lamartinierelucknow.org/prinreport/prrep996.htm Heads Report 1995/6] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928050937/http://lamartinierelucknow.org/prinreport/prrep996.htm|date=28 September 2007}} Accessed July 2007</ref>
*Lt. Colonel Ralph S. Weir (1920-1926)
* '''Colonel Hector R H "Danny" Daniels'''.
* Lt. Colonel William Edgar Andrews, Principal of the Boys' College from 1926 to 1951. Andrews moved to India in 1914 to take up a post as senior history and geography master at [[La Martiniere Calcutta|La Martinière Calcutta]]. In 1921 he was appointed Headmaster of the [[Boys' High School and College, Allahabad|Boys' High School and College]] in [[Allahabad]]. He was appointed Principal of La Martinière Lucknow in 1926.
*'''Frank J deSouza'''
* Meredith Doutre (1951-1964), the first Indian Principal.<ref>[http://lamartinierelucknow.org/prinreport/prrep996.htm Heads Report 1995/6] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928050937/http://lamartinierelucknow.org/prinreport/prrep996.htm|date=28 September 2007}} Accessed July 2007</ref>
* '''Desmond Shaw''' was a former pupil of La Martinière Boys. Later he was Principal of the [[Cathedral and John Connon School|Cathedral & John Connon School]], Mumbai.
* Colonel Hector R H "Danny" Daniels. (1964-1973)
* '''Terence Phillips''' was also a former pupil and was briefly Principal of the school. He recently retired from his role as the Principal of [[Wynberg Allen School|Wynberg Allen]], [[Mussoorie]].
*Frank J deSouza (1974), in post for only a month (Jan-Feb). He built his retirement home in the college, which is now used as the college guest house.
* '''Elton Stein deSouza''' was a former pupil who headed his Alma mater for around 20 years and retired in 2011. He started raising funds for restoration of Constantia through College Souvenirs, Bollywood Film shootings and it is this fund that is now being used ingeniously by Mr. Carlyle McFarland for restoration of Constantia as well as adaptive reuse and beautification of the entire Constantia campus. He left for his heavenly abode in the morning of 18 April 2021 due to multiple organ failure compounded by Corona virus. The college flag was kept half-mast for three days.  
* Desmond Shaw was a former pupil of La Martinière Boys from 1974 to 1986.
* '''Carlyle Andre' McFarland''' is the current principal of the college. He is an alumnus of the college, having completed his I.S.C. in 1979. He previously taught English at Lucknow Christian College.{{citation needed|date=April 2022}}
* Terence Phillips (1986-1990) was also a former pupil and was briefly Principal of the school.
* Elton Stein deSouza (1990-2011) was a former pupil who headed the school for around 20 years. He started raising funds for restoration of Constantia through College Souvenirs, Bollywood Film shootings.
* Carlyle Andre' McFarland (Macky) (2011-2024).{{citation needed|date=April 2022}}
*Gary Dominic Everett (2024-present) was appointed Principal-Designate on 01 February 2024 and took over as the full-fledged Principal on 01 April 2024.


=== Girls' School ===
=== Girls' School ===
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* 1890–1894 Miss Greenwood
* 1890–1894 Miss Greenwood
* 1894–1897 Miss Young
* 1894–1897 Miss Young
* 1898–1901 Miss Edith Annette Gow
* 1898–1901 Edith Annette Gow
* 1902–1906 Miss Stephenson Jellie
* 1902–1906 Miss Stephenson Jellie


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* 1916–1923 Miss D. B. Oolving
* 1916–1923 Miss D. B. Oolving
* 1924–1937 Miss M. Chick
* 1924–1937 Miss M. Chick
* 1937–1948 Mrs. Margaret Grayhurst
* 1937–1948 Margaret Grayhurst
* 1948–1950 Mrs. Ellen Howe
* 1948–1950 Ellen Howe
* 1948–1950 Miss Annette Gresseux
* 1948–1950 Annette Gresseux
* 1951–1977{{citation needed|date=February 2016}} Miss Mary Annette Gresseux was the first Indian Principal. She was responsible for the expansion of the school and the building of the infrastructure.
* 1951–1977{{citation needed|date=February 2016}} Mary Annette Gresseux was the first Indian Principal. She was responsible for the expansion of the school and the building of the infrastructure.
* 1978–1997 Mrs. Florence Keelor{{citation needed|date=February 2016}}
* 1978–1997 Florence Keelor{{citation needed|date=February 2016}}
* 1997 – 12 February 2016 Mrs. Farida Abraham{{citation needed|date=February 2016}}
* 1997 – 12 February 2016 Farida Abraham{{citation needed|date=February 2016}}
* 2017–present Mrs. Ashrita Dass
* 2017–present Aashrita Dass


==In popular culture==
==In popular culture==
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*''[[Jaanisaar]]'', a 2015 film by former pupil [[Muzaffar Ali]]. When Raja Amir, an Indian prince raised in London, returns to India, he falls for Noor, a revolutionary courtesan. However, while her loyalties lie with India, his lie with the British Raj.
*''[[Jaanisaar]]'', a 2015 film by former pupil [[Muzaffar Ali]]. When Raja Amir, an Indian prince raised in London, returns to India, he falls for Noor, a revolutionary courtesan. However, while her loyalties lie with India, his lie with the British Raj.
*[[Prassthanam]], a 2019 Indian Political action film. Another film where ex-Martinian [[Ali Fazal]] played an important role.
*[[Prassthanam]], a 2019 Indian Political action film. Another film where ex-Martinian [[Ali Fazal]] played an important role.
*
*''[[Gunjan Saxena: The Kargil Girl|Gunjan Saxena]]'', A 2020 film that stars [[Janhvi Kapoor]] as [[Indian Air Force]] pilot [[Gunjan Saxena]], one of the first Indian female air-force pilots in combat, alongside [[Pankaj Tripathi]] and [[Angad Bedi]] in supporting roles.
*''[[Gunjan Saxena: The Kargil Girl|Gunjan Saxena]]'', A 2020 film that stars [[Janhvi Kapoor]] as [[Indian Air Force]] pilot [[Gunjan Saxena]], one of the first Indian female air-force pilots in combat, alongside [[Pankaj Tripathi]] and [[Angad Bedi]] in supporting roles.
* ''[[Madam Chief Minister]]'' is a 2020 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[political drama]] film directed by [[Subhash Kapoor]]. The film stars [[Richa Chadda]] in the lead role. The film's official announcement was made by Chadda on 12 February 2020.
* ''[[Madam Chief Minister]]'' is a 2020 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[political drama]] film directed by [[Subhash Kapoor]]. The film stars [[Richa Chadda]] in the lead role. The film's official announcement was made by Chadda on 12 February 2020.
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===Literature and fiction===
===Literature and fiction===
[[Rudyard Kipling]]'s 1901 novel [[Kim (novel)|Kim]] tells of the adventures of Kimball O'Hara, the orphaned son of a British soldier. Kim is given the chance to go to St Xavier's School in Lucknow, the most prestigious school in [[British India]]. St Xavier's is a fictional creation but Kipling authorities believe that the school is modelled on real-life picturesque La Martinière College, Lucknow.<ref>[http://histclo.com/schun/country/other/india/is/iis-mart.html Individual Indian schools: La Martinière College by William Fergusson] accessed June 2007</ref><ref>[[Peter Hopkirk]], ''Quest for Kim: In search of Kipling's Great Game'', Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1997, p. 133 ''et seq.''</ref>
[[Rudyard Kipling]]'s 1901 novel [[Kim (novel)|Kim]] tells of the adventures of Kimball O'Hara, the orphaned son of a British soldier. Kim is given the chance to go to St Xavier's School in Lucknow, the most prestigious school in [[British India]]. St Xavier's is a fictional creation but Kipling authorities believe that the school is modelled on real-life picturesque La Martinière College, Lucknow.<ref>[http://histclo.com/schun/country/other/india/is/iis-mart.html Individual Indian schools: La Martinière College by William Fergusson] accessed June 2007</ref><ref>[[Peter Hopkirk]], ''Quest for Kim: In search of Kipling's Great Game'', Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1997, p. 133 ''et seq.''</ref>
La Martinière Lucknow is discussed in [[Qurratulain Hyder]]'s magnum opus ''Aag ka Darya'' (River of Fire). This book has the same status in [[Urdu]] literature as that of [[One Hundred Years of Solitude]] in Hispanic literature.


The Indian writer [[Allan Sealy]], a former pupil of the school, set his first novel ''Trotter-Nama'' in the old house, which he renamed as ''Sans Souci'' (carefree). The school has also featured in short stories.<ref name=mrl/>
The Indian writer [[Allan Sealy]], a former pupil of the school, set his first novel ''Trotter-Nama'' in the old house, which he renamed as ''Sans Souci'' (carefree). The school has also featured in short stories.<ref name=mrl/>
In her autobiography "[[Unfinished (book)|Unfinished]]", [[Priyanka Chopra]] mentions her later schooling in a boarding house at La Martiniere Girls' College.


==Postage stamps==
==Postage stamps==
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==Curriculum==
==Curriculum==
[[File:Apj lmc.jpg|thumb|left|[[Abdul Kalam]], the 11th President of India, is seen talking with the top students of La Martinière Lucknow.<ref>Picture from Wikipedia accessed June 2007</ref>]]
[[File:Apj lmc.jpg|thumb|left|[[Abdul Kalam]], the 11th President of India, is seen talking with the top students of La Martinière Lucknow.<ref>Picture from Bharatpedia accessed June 2007</ref>]]


The academic curriculum includes Mathematics, both English Language and Literature, History and Civics, Geography, Principles of Accounts, Commercial Studies, Science, Art, Craft and Woodwork, Choral Singing, Hindi, Sanskrit and the French language (both up to Class VIII), Computer Studies and Physical Education (three times a week until Class 10).
The academic curriculum includes Mathematics, both English Language and Literature, History and Civics, Geography, Principles of Accounts, Commercial Studies, Science, Art, Craft and Woodwork, Choral Singing, Hindi, Sanskrit and the French language (both up to Class VIII), Computer Studies and Physical Education (three times a week until Class 10).
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The four streams at 10+2 stage are Humanities, Commerce, Life Sciences and Physical Sciences.
The four streams at 10+2 stage are Humanities, Commerce, Life Sciences and Physical Sciences.
==Extracurricular activities==
*'''Physical and military training''' – the college has a Senior Division [[National Cadet Corps (India)|National Cadet Corps]] (Rifles) Troop,<ref name=om/> and two troops of the junior Division (Naval and Air Wings), representing the three Defence Services. Younger boys belong to the School Scout Troop and Cub Pack. Thursday is the parade and Co-Curricular activities day when the NCC and Scout activities are performed. The Hashmann Memorial Shield is held on the last working day before Winter Vacations and is awarded to the best wing of the NCC.
*'''Games and sports''' – games include athletics, gymnastics, cricket, soccer, basketball, badminton, volleyball, swimming, hockey, lawn tennis, table tennis, shooting, rugby, baseball, softball and horse riding.
*'''Honing intellectual skills''' – debating, elocution, declamation, dramatics, creative writing and quizzing activities are conducted regularly.
===Publications Club===
Publications Club produces articles in English, French, Urdu, and Hindi for the monthly magazie ''The Martiniere Post''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://lamartinierelucknow.org/co-curricular-activity-middle-senior-campus|title = Co-Curricular Activity – Middle & Senior Campus – la Martiniere College}}</ref>
===College band===
The school has a [[pipe band]], which dates from 1967.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://topyaps.com/facts-about-la-martiniere |title=20 Fascinating Facts About La Martiniere, Lucknow – The Jewel of Education in UP |last=kedia |first=aditi |publisher=topyaps.com |url-status=live |access-date=5 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150629011012/http://topyaps.com/facts-about-la-martiniere |archive-date=29 June 2015}}</ref> It was part of the Senior Division NCC contingent and the band members played in NCC uniforms with hackles on their berets. In 2017 A Brass Band was introduced by the Principal Mr Carlyle McFarland. Both the bands now wear a designated uniform. Presently the boys are trained by Ex-Service man – Krishna Sharma who lead the AMC Centre and School Band and is decorated by the President of India.


==Sports facilities==
==Sports facilities==
[[File:Hodson grave in la martiniere Lucknow.jpg|thumb|[[William Stephen Raikes Hodson|Brevet Major William Hodson's]] memorial and grave]]
[[File:Hodson grave in la martiniere Lucknow.jpg|thumb|[[William Stephen Raikes Hodson|Brevet Major William Hodson]]'s memorial and grave]]
The college has extensive facilities for sports. There are two sports fields, known as the Polo Ground and the Fairy Dale Ground. The polo ground, as its name suggests, was originally used for [[polo]] games. Today it plays host to [[association football|football]] and [[sport of athletics|athletics]]. It is also the venue for the [[Physical education|physical training]] displays on Annual [[Sports Day]]. Cricket and [[field hockey|hockey]]<ref name=hockey>[http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=250052 Hockey is still played (Carrots & Sticks) Kolkata Newsline 9 August 2007]{{dead link|date=February 2023|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} accessed 10 August 2007.</ref> are played at the Fairy Dale Ground. There is a large gym for gymnastics, a skating rink, an indoor shooting range, a Rugby field and an indoor swimming pool. The college also has a [[volleyball]] court, a [[basketball]] court, a [[swimming pool]] and lawn [[tennis]] courts. In all there are 10 Football fields, 8 Hockey fields, 2 Basketball courts, 2 Swimming Pools, A Paddock, 2 Cricket Arenas,
The college has extensive facilities for sports. There are two sports fields, known as the Polo Ground and the Fairy Dale Ground. The polo ground, as its name suggests, was originally used for [[polo]] games. Today it plays host to [[association football|football]] and [[sport of athletics|athletics]]. It is also the venue for the [[Physical education|physical training]] displays on Annual [[Sports Day]]. Cricket and [[field hockey|hockey]]<ref name=hockey>[http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=250052 Hockey is still played (Carrots & Sticks) Kolkata Newsline 9 August 2007]{{dead link|date=February 2023|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} accessed 10 August 2007.</ref> are played at the Fairy Dale Ground. There is a large gym for gymnastics, a skating rink, an indoor shooting range, a Rugby field and an indoor swimming pool. The college also has a [[volleyball]] court, a [[basketball]] court, a [[swimming pool]] and lawn [[tennis]] courts. In all there are 10 Football fields, 8 Hockey fields, 2 Basketball courts, 2 Swimming Pools, A Paddock, 2 Cricket Arenas,


The college has four combative sports: [[Judo]], [[Taekwondo]], [[Muay Thai]] and [[Boxing]]. The school has [[stables]] for [[horse-riding]], and an [[archery range]].
The college has five combative sports: [[judo]], [[taekwondo]], [[Muay Thai]], [[karate]] and [[boxing]]. The school has [[stables]] for [[horse-riding]], and an [[archery range]].
 
The college has an Aviation Club where aviation sport is taught. The boys assemble aero model kits both control line and Remote Controlled. The Aeromodelling club is equipted with a simulator, a briefing room, test benches and a host of other equipment. The boys are prepared to appear for the Student Pilot Licence for Fixed Wing Aircraft. Power flying on Cessna 152B is scheduled to commence shortly.
 
==Brevet Major William Stephen Raikes Hodson==
{{main|William Stephen Raikes Hodson}}
Brevet Major William Stephen Raikes Hodson (1821–1858) was a British leader of irregular light cavalry who raised the Cavalry regiment known as [[Hodson's Horse]] during the rebellion of 1857. It exists today as the 4th Horse Regiment, an armoured regiment in the Indian Army.


Hodson had the distinction of equipping his regiment in khaki-coloured uniform, which is considered the precursor of modern camouflage uniform. The tradition of the khaki uniform continues as the summer uniform in La Martiniere College, Lucknow. Hodson's grave and memorial lie within the grounds of the college.
The college has an Aviation Club where aviation sport is taught. The boys assemble aero model kits both control line and Remote Controlled. The Aeromodelling club is equipped with a simulator, a briefing room, test benches and a host of other equipment. The boys are prepared to appear for the Student Pilot Licence for Fixed Wing Aircraft. Power flying on [[Cessna 152|Cessna 152B]] is scheduled to commence shortly.


==Coat of arms==
==Coat of arms==
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==Notable Martinians==
==Notable Martinians==
{{Main|List of notable Martinians}}
{{Main|List of notable Martinians}}
==Old Martinians' Association==
Hubert S Bolst (1872–1947) was the founder of the Alumni Association. He was an old boy of the school who got together with several Martinians stationed at [[Faizabad]] to celebrate Founder's Day. This unofficial gathering was the genesis of the present-day Old Martinians' Association (OMA) which now has chapters spread across the globe. The OMA chapters in Australia, the UK, and Canada are the more active ones.
'''The Bolst Fund'''
Bolst died in 1947 and in his will left instructions that a sum of Rs. 5,000 be handed over to the OMA as an 'Endowment Fund'. The interest accruing from this investment was to be used to provide a scholarship to pay the fees for a needy and deserving Anglo-Indian day scholar boy. Since then, some 50 recipients of the scholarship have reason to be thankful to Hubert Bolst.<ref name=om>[http://www.oldmartinians.com/lmcb-luc.html The Old Martinians' Association] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071007005618/http://www.oldmartinians.com/lmcb-luc.html |date=7 October 2007 }}</ref>
Presently the Alumni Association is known as "'''La Martiniere Alumni'''" (LMA); its office is situated in the College Campus. Presently the President is Mr Jaideep Narain Mathur (Designated Advocate, at the Allahabad High Court, Lucknow Bench) he is a pass-out of the I.S.C. batch of 1981. The Patron is the College Principal, Mr Carlyle McFarland himself an alumnus of the I.S.C Batch of 1979.


==Further reading==
==Further reading==
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==See also==
==See also==
 
{{wikisource|Vive La Martiniere}}
*[[La Martiniere Calcutta]]
*[[La Martiniere Calcutta]]
*[[La Martiniere College]]
*[[La Martiniere College]]
Line 303: Line 212:


==External links==
==External links==
 
{{commons category|La Martiniere Lucknow}}
* {{official|http://www.lamartinierelucknow.org/}}
* {{official|http://www.lamartinierelucknow.org/}}


Latest revision as of 09:54, 28 December 2025

La Martinière College, Lucknow
Location
Lucknow, India
Information
TypeTrustee
Mottolabore et constantia
("By Labour and Constancy")
Established1845; 181 years ago (1845) (boys)
1869 (girls)
FounderMajor General Claude Martin
PrincipalGary Dominic Everet (boys)
Aashrita Dass (girls)
StaffVaries
Enrollmentc. 4000 boys +
c. 2,200 girls
CampusUrban city, varying area
Houses4
Colour(s)Blue   and Gold  
PublicationConstantia (annually) The Martiniere Post (monthly)
Former pupilsOld Martinians
Websitewww.lamartinierelucknow.org
www.lamartinieregirlscollegelko.com
La Martiniere, Lucknow

La Martinière College is an elite educational institution located in Lucknow, the capital of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. The college consists of two schools on different campuses for boys and girls. La Martinière College (for boys) was founded in 1845 and La Martinière Girls' College was established in 1869. La Martiniere Boys' College is the only school in the world to have been awarded royal battle honours[1] for its role in the defence of Lucknow and the Lucknow residency during the Indian Rebellion of 1857.

The two Lucknow colleges are part of the La Martinière family of schools, founded by the French adventurer Major General Claude Martin. There are two La Martinière Colleges in Kolkata and three in Lyon. La Martinière provides a liberal education and the medium of instruction is the English language. The schools cater for pupils from the age of 5 to 17 or 18, and are open to children of all religious denominations, the boys' school has a Chapel, a Hindu Temple and a Mosque on its campus and has remained a non-denominational school since its inception, unlike the two La Martiniere Schools in Calcutta which are Christian schools, controlled by the Anglican Church of North India. Both the schools have day scholars and residence scholars (boarders).

The Economist has described its Constantia building as "perhaps the best-preserved colonial building in Lucknow".[2]

Major-General Claude Martin[edit | edit source]

Claude Martin
Laat at La Martinière, Lucknow

La Martinière Boys' College was founded by an endowment from the wealthy eighteenth-century Frenchman, Major-General Claude Martin (1735–1800), who was an officer in the French and later the British East India Company. Constantia, the palatial building which now houses the Boys' College, was built in 1785 as Martin's country residence, but was not completed until 1802,[3] two years after Martin's death on 13 September 1800. Historians believe that the house takes its name from the school motto Labore et Constantia (Work and Constancy) which represents Martin's personal philosophy. There is a more romantic, though unproven, notion that the building was named after Constance, a young French girl who was supposedly Martin's first love.[4]

Martin never married and he had no heirs. In his will, dated 1 January 1800, he left the bulk of his estate to provide for the establishment of three schools to be named La Martinière in his memory. The schools were to be located in Lucknow, Calcutta and at Lyon, his birthplace in France. The residue of his estate after bequests had been made to be used for the maintenance of these schools. He directed that the school in Lucknow should be established at Constantia and that the house should be kept as a "school or College for teaching young men the English language and Christian religion if they found themselves inclined".[5] Martin instructed in his will that his 'body be salted, put in spirits or embalmed', and placed in a lead coffin in a vault beneath the house.[6]

It is popularly believed that Martin was motivated not just by vanity but by a desire to protect his property after his death and to prevent his friend, the nawab, from acquiring it. By having himself, a Christian, buried beneath Constantia, he knew that the building would be permanently desecrated in the Muslim nawab's eyes.[6] Chandan Mitra, in his book Constant Glory, thinks otherwise. He writes "Constantia's plans show that the basement mausoleum was part of the original scheme for the building and not included as an afterthought to guard against requisition."[7]

Martin was duly interred in a specially prepared vault in the basement of the house. Thus, Constantia became both a school and a mausoleum. It is the largest European funerary monument in India, and the historian William Dalrymple has described it as "The East India Company's answer to the Taj Mahal".[8]

Early years[edit | edit source]

After Martin's death there were protracted disputes in the Calcutta High Court and consequently his will was not proved until 1840. In the interim the Constantia building was used as a guest house for visiting Europeans. The school finally opened on 1 October 1845 with some seventy boys on roll. The first Principal was John Newmarch.[5]

Unlike the Calcutta La Martinière, the Lucknow school was technically established outside British territory so right from its inception its interaction with local society was frequent. There was also a native branch of the school in the Maqbara Umjid Ali Shah at Hazratgunj in the centre of Lucknow. There were plans to move the native school to a different location, although it is not known whether this actually took place.[7]

The first major challenge for the La Martinière School was the events of 1857 when it had to leave its premises and assisted in the defence of the Lucknow Residency.

La Martinière during the 1857 uprising[edit | edit source]

Main article: Indian Rebellion of 1857
Constantia before the Indian Rebellion of 1857

In the events of 1857, eight staff members, sixty seven boys and one ensign (old boy) participated.[7]

After 1857[edit | edit source]

La Martinière in 1862 (Shepherd & Robertson)

La Martinière Lucknow, like its counterpart in Calcutta, expanded rapidly after the rebellion of 1857 There were 148 students on its rolls in 1859, but the number had increased to 277 by 1862. Boarders came from all over the province from districts like Pratapgarh, Mirzapur, Gorakhpur, Allahabad, Kanpur and Etawah.

The records show that in 1865 over 120 boys qualified for admission to the higher department of the Civil Engineering College at Roorkee.

In 1869, the La Martinière Girls' School was founded and in 1871 it moved to its present location in the compound of Khurshid Manzil. Initially the Girls' School was under the management of the Boys' School. The La Martinière College Principal was in overall charge of both the Boys' and Girls' Schools, with the Girls' school headed by a Lady Superintendent.[citation needed]

In 1945, the college celebrated its Centenary.

In wake of threat of invasion by the Japanese during the Second World War, the Calcutta Schools were re-located to Lucknow.

After Indian Independence, the curriculum was changed in 1947, with Urdu being dropped as a compulsory subject and replaced by Hindi. Many Anglo-Indians both students and Masters left for Britain and Australia. This trend was to continue till almost the mid-seventies.[citation needed]

In 1951, Meredith Doutre was appointed as the first Indian principal of the college. He was succeeded by Col HRH Daniels in the 1960s and then by Mr. DEW Shaw in the mid-1970s. The bulk of the students were drawn from the upper middle and middle classes.[citation needed]

In 1960, there was flooding of the grounds by the Gomti River resulting in the evacuation of staff and boys to higher ground. In 1962 and 1971 again major floods occurred which threatened the building. The Government constructed a protective bund in 1973–74 which separated the school lake from the main vista thus substantially reducing the earlier picturesque setting.

In 1976, the school was affiliated to the Indian Council for Secondary Education system of education. This entailed the exam for the Certificate of Secondary Education (class X) and the School Leaving Certificate (class XII).

In 1995, the school celebrated its sesquicentennial anniversary. To commemorate the occasion, a history of the college, Bright Renown, was released, an exhibition on the history of the school was organized, and for several days the Constantia was lit up in the night. The President of India released a postage stamp to recognize the contribution of La Martinière Lucknow.

In 1997 one of the teachers was murdered in the early hours of the morning on 7 March. Thirty-year-old Anglo-Indian Frederick Gomes, the college's assistant warden and physical training instructor, was murdered in his bungalow on the perimeter of the school grounds.[9] Two people were seen firing shots through a broken window at the back of the building, but the culprits were not identified and the murder remains unsolved. However, the murder created a sensation in India at the time, especially when it was found that the school's students had access to guns.[10] Newspaper columnist Saeed Naqvi, Ashank Mehrotra former pupils at the school commented: "The killing is a metaphor of our times. For such a level of violence to reach the sacred precincts of La Martinière is symbolic of the way that Lucknow, like so much of India, has completely ceased to be what it once was."[10]

History of the Girls' School[edit | edit source]

Unlike the schools in Calcutta and Lyons there had been no provision to found a girls' school in Lucknow. However funds were found from a female education fund and a school was started at Moti Mahal. The Lucknow Girls' School, as it was then known, was run by Mrs. Saunders Abbott. Following a land grant from the government the school was moved to its present location at Khursheed Manzil in 1871 and incorporated and established as a branch of La Martinière College.[11]

Principals[edit | edit source]

Boys' School[edit | edit source]

Source:[12]

  • John Newmarch was the first Principal of La Martinière, Lucknow, in 1845.
  • Leonidas Clint (1845–1855), was the Principal of La Martinière, Lucknow, from about 1845 to 1855. He was a graduate of Trinity College, Cambridge. After leaving Martinière Clint returned to the UK to take up holy orders. He was ordained as a deacon in 1859 and as a priest in 1861 (St David's). He was curate of Lamphey, Pembrokeshire (1859–1861), Hereford (1861–1863), Presteigne, Powys (1863–1865), and Brockhampton, Herefordshire (1865–1874). He was the vicar of Lingen, Herefordshire from 1874 to 1893. He was the editor of Dryden's Flower and Leaf and the author of Conic Sections. He died in Dewsbury, Yorkshire, aged 85.[13]
  • George Schilling (November 1855 - December 1855) Previously assistant master at La Martiniere Calcutta.[14] He was the Principal during the siege of Lucknow in 1857.
  • James W.H. Stobart (1855 - 1859)
  • Thomas Gaskell Sykes (1859 - 1879)
  • Lieutenant Thomas Percival Wood (1879 – 1909), was educated at Dulwich College, London, and Peterhouse, Cambridge. He was English 'Proviseur' at the Lycée Ampere in Lyons from 1906 to 1907. He was appointed Principal of La Martinière Lucknow in 1910. Wood was an officer of the Lucknow Volunteer Rifles, and offered his services in August 1914. He was promoted to the position of lieutenant in the Indian Army reserve in February 1915. After spending four months with the 1/7th Gurkha Rifles in Quetta, he was drafted to the Expeditionary Force in France, where he joined the 3rd Queen Alexandra's Own Gurkha Rifles in September 1915. He was killed at the Battle of Loos while gallantly leading his men in action.[15] His name is commemorated on the Neuve-Chapelle memorial in France.[16]
  • CLS Garnett was the Principal from 1915 to 1920.
  • Lt. Colonel Ralph S. Weir (1920-1926)
  • Lt. Colonel William Edgar Andrews, Principal of the Boys' College from 1926 to 1951. Andrews moved to India in 1914 to take up a post as senior history and geography master at La Martinière Calcutta. In 1921 he was appointed Headmaster of the Boys' High School and College in Allahabad. He was appointed Principal of La Martinière Lucknow in 1926.
  • Meredith Doutre (1951-1964), the first Indian Principal.[17]
  • Colonel Hector R H "Danny" Daniels. (1964-1973)
  • Frank J deSouza (1974), in post for only a month (Jan-Feb). He built his retirement home in the college, which is now used as the college guest house.
  • Desmond Shaw was a former pupil of La Martinière Boys from 1974 to 1986.
  • Terence Phillips (1986-1990) was also a former pupil and was briefly Principal of the school.
  • Elton Stein deSouza (1990-2011) was a former pupil who headed the school for around 20 years. He started raising funds for restoration of Constantia through College Souvenirs, Bollywood Film shootings.
  • Carlyle Andre' McFarland (Macky) (2011-2024).[citation needed]
  • Gary Dominic Everett (2024-present) was appointed Principal-Designate on 01 February 2024 and took over as the full-fledged Principal on 01 April 2024.

Girls' School[edit | edit source]

In the early years the Girls' School was led by a Lady Superintendent who reported to the Principal of the Boys' School.[18]

Lady Superintendents[edit | edit source]

  • 1869–1870 Miss Dixon
  • 1870–1871 Mrs Marshall
  • 1871–1872 Miss Wilson
  • 1872–1878 Miss Auld
  • 1879–1882 Miss Pennington
  • 1883–1884 Miss Brenan Hayes
  • 1885 Miss Mathews
  • 1886–1889 Miss Granger
  • 1890–1894 Miss Greenwood
  • 1894–1897 Miss Young
  • 1898–1901 Edith Annette Gow
  • 1902–1906 Miss Stephenson Jellie

Principals[edit | edit source]

  • 1907–1908 Miss Lavinia Teasdale was the first Principal and Honorary Secretary of the Girls' School.
  • 1909–1915 Miss Ida Williams
  • 1916–1923 Miss D. B. Oolving
  • 1924–1937 Miss M. Chick
  • 1937–1948 Margaret Grayhurst
  • 1948–1950 Ellen Howe
  • 1948–1950 Annette Gresseux
  • 1951–1977[citation needed] Mary Annette Gresseux was the first Indian Principal. She was responsible for the expansion of the school and the building of the infrastructure.
  • 1978–1997 Florence Keelor[citation needed]
  • 1997 – 12 February 2016 Farida Abraham[citation needed]
  • 2017–present Aashrita Dass

In popular culture[edit | edit source]

A 1995 stamp dedicated to the 150th anniversary of La Martiniere Lucknow

Film[edit | edit source]

The Boys' College has been the setting for films, including:

Literature and fiction[edit | edit source]

Rudyard Kipling's 1901 novel Kim tells of the adventures of Kimball O'Hara, the orphaned son of a British soldier. Kim is given the chance to go to St Xavier's School in Lucknow, the most prestigious school in British India. St Xavier's is a fictional creation but Kipling authorities believe that the school is modelled on real-life picturesque La Martinière College, Lucknow.[20][21]

The Indian writer Allan Sealy, a former pupil of the school, set his first novel Trotter-Nama in the old house, which he renamed as Sans Souci (carefree). The school has also featured in short stories.[4]

Postage stamps[edit | edit source]

The two La Martinière schools in Lucknow are one of the few educational institution in India, and possibly in the world, depicted on postage stamps.

On 1 October 1995, on the 150th anniversary of the school's opening, Dr. Shankar Dayal Sharma, the then President of India, released a two-rupee postage stamp in the school's honour.[5][22]

In 2007 when the girls' school celebrated its 138th anniversary, it was given a similar honour and a first-day cover was issued by Department of Posts with a picture of Khursheed Manzil on it.[23]

Curriculum[edit | edit source]

Abdul Kalam, the 11th President of India, is seen talking with the top students of La Martinière Lucknow.[24]

The academic curriculum includes Mathematics, both English Language and Literature, History and Civics, Geography, Principles of Accounts, Commercial Studies, Science, Art, Craft and Woodwork, Choral Singing, Hindi, Sanskrit and the French language (both up to Class VIII), Computer Studies and Physical Education (three times a week until Class 10).

Class 10 students are prepared for the Indian Certificate of Secondary Education and for the Indian School Certificate Examination when they are in Class 12.

The four streams at 10+2 stage are Humanities, Commerce, Life Sciences and Physical Sciences.

Sports facilities[edit | edit source]

Brevet Major William Hodson's memorial and grave

The college has extensive facilities for sports. There are two sports fields, known as the Polo Ground and the Fairy Dale Ground. The polo ground, as its name suggests, was originally used for polo games. Today it plays host to football and athletics. It is also the venue for the physical training displays on Annual Sports Day. Cricket and hockey[25] are played at the Fairy Dale Ground. There is a large gym for gymnastics, a skating rink, an indoor shooting range, a Rugby field and an indoor swimming pool. The college also has a volleyball court, a basketball court, a swimming pool and lawn tennis courts. In all there are 10 Football fields, 8 Hockey fields, 2 Basketball courts, 2 Swimming Pools, A Paddock, 2 Cricket Arenas,

The college has five combative sports: judo, taekwondo, Muay Thai, karate and boxing. The school has stables for horse-riding, and an archery range.

The college has an Aviation Club where aviation sport is taught. The boys assemble aero model kits both control line and Remote Controlled. The Aeromodelling club is equipped with a simulator, a briefing room, test benches and a host of other equipment. The boys are prepared to appear for the Student Pilot Licence for Fixed Wing Aircraft. Power flying on Cessna 152B is scheduled to commence shortly.

Coat of arms[edit | edit source]

The La Martinière coat of arms was designed by the founder Claude Martin.[26] The coat of arms and the motto Labore et Constantia are now shared by all the schools founded by Martin. The La Martinere College flag consists of the coat of arms on a blue and gold background. The flag is flown above the buildings, and used for formal events and celebrations, such as the annual Founder's Day.

Notable Martinians[edit | edit source]

Main article: List of notable Martinians

Further reading[edit | edit source]

  • Chandan Mitra. Constant glory: La Martinière saga 1836–1986. Calcutta: Oxford University Press, 1987, 95pp. ISBN 0-19-562044-5.
  • Edward H Hilton. The Martiniere boys in the Bailey Guard. Lucknow : American Methodist Mission Press, 1877, 18pp.
  • Rules and Regulations of La Martiniere, founded in Calcutta under the will of Major General Claude Martin with an extract of the will of the testator, the decree of the supreme court with regard to the same and other documents. Published by order of the Governors. Calcutta: La Martiniere College, 1835, 103pp.
  • Rosie Llewellyn-Jones. A very ingenious man: Claude Martin in early colonial India. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1993, 241pp. ISBN 0-19-565099-9.
  • Bright Renown

See also[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ Deefholts, Margaret. 'History's ghosts in Old Lucknow' accessed June 2007
  2. ↑ "Brick by brick". The Economist. 22 October 2016. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 28 November 2016.
  3. ↑ 'La Martinière (??), the house of Colonel Martin, at Lucknow'. From the British Library's Asia, Pacific and Africa Collections on the Collect Britain website. Archived 27 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine accessed July 2007
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 An article by the Lucknow historian Ms. Rosie Llewellyn-Jones in Taj magazine accessed June 2007
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 A synopsis of the history of La Martinière College, Lucknow Archived 28 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine accessed June 2007
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Extract from "Quest for Kim – In search of Kipling's Great Game" by Peter Hopkirk. London: John Murray, 1996. ISBN 0-7195-5560-4. Transcribed by Tony Mooar in a posting on the India-L Rootsweb Mailing List on 23 April 1999 Archived 26 January 2008 at the Wayback Machine accessed June 2007
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Mitra, Chandan. Constant glory: La Martinière jai mata di saga 1836–1986. Calcutta: Oxford University jai mata di Press, 1987.
  8. ↑ Prachi jai mata di Pratap, "La Martinière and the Mutiny", on Tornos India Archived 8 June 2007 at the Wayback Machine accessed July 2007
  9. ↑ Elton, deSouza (27 March 1997). Mahmood, Ayaan (ed.). "Principal's Report for 1996-97" (PDF). Constantia Magazine: 1.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 East of Eton Archived 27 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine William Dalrymple TravelIntelligence.net accessed June 2007
  11. ↑ History of the Girls' College Archived 13 July 2007 at the Wayback Machine accessed June 2007
  12. ↑ "Our Principals - La Martiniere College". Retrieved 19 October 2023.
  13. ↑ Venn, J. A., comp., Alumni Cantabrigienses. London: Cambridge University Press, 1922–1954.
  14. ↑ Rees, L. E. "Mr. Rees and Mr. Martin Gubbins" (letter to the Editor). The Times, 24 July 1858.
  15. ↑ Fallen officers: The Times list of casualties', The Times, 23 May 1916
  16. ↑ Commonwealth War Graves' Commission accessed June 2006
  17. ↑ Heads Report 1995/6 Archived 28 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine Accessed July 2007
  18. ↑ The names of the principals and superintendents of the Girls' School have been extracted from the centenary issue of La Martinière Girls Magazine, published in 1969.
  19. ↑ British Film Institute film and TV database accessed June 2007
  20. ↑ Individual Indian schools: La Martinière College by William Fergusson accessed June 2007
  21. ↑ Peter Hopkirk, Quest for Kim: In search of Kipling's Great Game, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1997, p. 133 et seq.
  22. ↑ Image of the La Martinière stamp from the Indian Post
  23. ↑ A first day cover of the girls' school Archived 28 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine accessed June 2007
  24. ↑ Picture from Bharatpedia accessed June 2007
  25. ↑ Hockey is still played (Carrots & Sticks) Kolkata Newsline 9 August 2007[dead link] accessed 10 August 2007.
  26. ↑ La Martiniere history at Tripod accessed 10 August 2007

External links[edit | edit source]

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