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| {{About|the state during the British Raj|the natural and historical region|Dhundhar}}
| | #REDIRECT [[Kingdom of Amber]] |
| {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
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| {{Use Indian English|date=October 2016}}
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| {{Infobox country
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| | conventional_long_name = Jaipur State
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| | common_name = Jaipur
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| | nation =
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| | subdivision =
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| | era =
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| | government_type = [[Monarchy]]<br>(1128–1818; 1947–1949)<br>[[Princely state]]<br>(1818–1947)
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| | status_text = Ceremonial Kingdom part of [[India]] (1949–''present'')<br>[[Princely state]] alongside [[British Raj|British India]] (1818–1947)<br>[[Monarchy]] (1128–1818)
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| | event_start =
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| | date_start = | |
| | year_start = 1128
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| | event_end = Acceded to India
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| | date_end =
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| | year_end = 1949
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| | event1 =
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| | date_event1 =
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| | event_post =
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| | date_post =
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| | p1 =
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| | flag_p1 =
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| | s1 = Dominion of India
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| | flag_s1 = Flag of India.svg
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| | image_flag = Flag of Jaipur (c. 1699-1818).svg
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| |flag_border = no
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| | flag_type = Flag (c. 1699–1818)
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| | image_coat = CoA Jaipur 1893.png
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| | image_map = Jaipur-Bharatpur map.jpg
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| | image_map_caption = Jaipur State in the [[Imperial Gazetteer of India]]
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| | capital = [[Jaipur]]
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| | common_languages = [[Dhundari language|Dhundari]],<br>[[Hindi]]
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| | currency = [[Indian Rupee]]
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| | leader1 = Dūlaha Rāya ''(first)''
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| | leader2 = [[Sawai Man Singh II|Man Singh II]] ''(last)''
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| | year_leader1 = 1128
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| | year_leader2 = 1922–1949
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| | title_leader = [[Maharaja]] [[Sawai (title)|Sawai]]
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| | title_deputy =
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| | deputy1 =
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| | year_deputy1 =
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| | deputy2 =
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| | year_deputy2 =
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| | stat_area1 = 40407
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| | stat_year1 = 1931
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| | stat_pop1 = 2,631,775
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| | today = [[Rajasthan]],<br>[[Republic of India]]
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| | footnotes =
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| | area_km2 =
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| | GDP_PPP =
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| | HDI =
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| }} | | }} |
| [[File:Raja Man Singh.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Raja Man Singh]] (1550–1614) was a trusted general of the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] emperor [[Akbar]], who included him among the [[Navaratnas]], or the nine gems of the royal court of Akbar.]]
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| [[File:Jaipur 03-2016 19 City Palace complex.jpg|thumb|The [[City Palace, Jaipur]].]]
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| [[File:1 Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II ca 1725 Jaipur. British museum.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Jai Singh II]] (1688–1743) founded the fortified city of [[Jaipur]] and made it his capital.]]
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| [[File:Interview1878max.jpg|thumb|"First interview with the Maharajah of Jeypore," from 'India and its Native Princes' by Louis Rousselet, 1878]]
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| [[File:Man Singh II and Gayatri Devi.jpg|thumb|[[Gayatri Devi]], Maharani of Jaipur, born as Princess Gayatri of [[Cooch Behar State|Cooch Behar]], with her husband [[Man Singh II]], the last ruling Maharaja of Jaipur State.]]
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| '''Jaipur State''', historically known as the '''Kingdom of Amber''', was a kingdom of India, centred on [[Jaipur]] town and later a [[princely state]] during the British period. It existed from the 12th century and was in a [[subsidiary alliance]] with the British from 1818 until their withdrawal from India in August 1947. It was then fully independent until its ruler [[Instrument of Accession|acceded]] to India in April 1949, and retained some internal self-government for a period after that.{{Citation needed|date=August 2019}}
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| ==History==
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| Jaipur's predecessor state was the Kingdom of [[Dhundhar]] or [[Dausa]], founded in 1093 by Dullah Rai, also known as [[Dulha Rao]]. The state was known as Amber between the fourteenth century and 1727. In that year, a new capital was built and named Jayapura, when the kingdom was renamed as [[Jaipur]].<ref>[http://www.worldstatesmen.org/India_princes_A-J.html Princely States of India]</ref>
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| ===Dhundhar Kingdom===
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| The Kachwahas claim descent from [[Kusha (Ramayana)|Kusha]], son of the legendary [[Rama]]. Their ancestors allegedly migrated from Rama's kingdom of [[Kosala]] and established a new dynasty at [[Gwalior]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Prasad |first=Rajiva Nain |title=Raja Man Singh of Amber |year=1966 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.35121/page/n17 1] |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.35121 }}</ref> After 31 generations, they moved to [[Rajputana]] and created a kingdom at [[Dhundhar]]. Dullah Rai, one of the ancestors of the Kachwaha rulers, defeated the [[Meenas]] of Manchi and Amber and later completed the conquest of Dhundhar by defeating the [[Bargurjar]]s of [[Dausa]] and Deoti.<ref>{{cite book |last=Sarkar |first=Jadunath |author-link=Jadunath Sarkar |title=A History of Jaipur: C. 1503–1938 |publisher=Orient Longman Limited |pages=23 |year=1994 |orig-year=1984 |isbn=81-250-0333-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O0oPIo9TXKcC&pg=PA23 }}</ref>
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| ===Amber Kingdom===
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| The rulers of [[Amber Fort|Amber]] fought as generals in the army of [[Prithviraj Chauhan]] and later under the banner of [[Rana Sanga]] against the Mughals under [[Babur]]. The small kingdom of Amber was later conquered by [[Maldev Rathore]] and became feudatories of [[Marwar]] until the 16th century, [[Bharmal]] Kachwaha, sought alliance with [[Akbar]] to gain his political and military support against the [[Rathore]]s of Marwar and his own divided clansmen.<ref>Arms & Armour at the Jaipur court by Robert Elgood p.10</ref><ref>{{harvtxt|Sarkar|1994|p=34}}</ref> He was formally recognised as a [[Raja]] by the Mughals and was invested into the Mughal nobility in return for his daughter's marriage to Emperor [[Akbar]]. Raja Bharmal's daughter, [[Mariam-uz-Zamani]], who married Akbar, later became the mother of the
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| fourth Mughal emperor [[Jahangir]]. She gained prestige in the Mughal court both during the reign of her husband and that of her son as Empress and Queen mother respectively. By this relation, the Rajas of Amer also gained significant prominence in the Mughal court.
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| A governor was appointed to oversee Bharmal's territory and a [[tribute]] arrangement saw Bharmal given a salaried rank, paid for from a share of the area's revenue.<ref>{{cite book |title=Raja Nal and the Goddess: The North Indian Epic Dhola in Performance |first=Susan Snow |last=Wadley |author-link=Susan Snow Wadley |publisher=Indiana University Press |year=2004 |isbn=9780253217240 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UbsgVL4AGkoC&pg=PA110 |pages=110–111}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The Dancing Girl: A History of Early India |first=Balaji |last=Sadasivan |publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies |year=2011 |isbn=9789814311670 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=980SAvbmpUkC&pg=PT255 |pages=233–234}}</ref>
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| The ruling dynasty of Amber prospered under Mughal rule and provided the [[Mughal Empire]] with some distinguished generals.<ref name=EB1911>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Jaipur |volume=15 |pages=128–129}}</ref> Among them were [[Bhagwant Das]], [[Man Singh I]] and [[Jai Singh I]].<ref name=EB1911/>
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| ===Jaipur Kingdom===
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| Jai Singh I was succeeded by [[Ram Singh I]], [[Bishan Singh]] and [[Jai Singh II]]. Jai Singh II, also known as Sawai Jai Singh, ruled the state from 1699 to 1743 and was a famous mathematician and astronomer. During his rule, the new capital city of [[Jaipur]] was founded<ref name=EB1911/> in 1727.
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| Throughout the disintegration of the Mughal Empire, the armies of Jaipur were in a constant state of warfare. Towards the end of the 18th century, the [[Jats]] of [[Bharatpur State|Bharatpur]] and the [[Kachwaha]] chief of [[Alwar]] declared themselves independent from Jaipur and each annexed the eastern portion of Jaipur's territory.<ref name=EB1911/> This period of Jaipur's history is characterised by internal power-struggles and constant military conflicts with the [[Marathas]], Jats, other Rajput states, as well as the British and the [[Pindaris]]. Jaipur suffered against the [[Rathor]]s of Marwar in the [[Battle of Gangwana]] with appalling losses.<ref>{{harvtxt|Sarkar|1994|p=209}}</ref> The kingdom again suffered a disastrous defeat at the hands of the [[Maratha]] forces of [[Mahadji Scindia]] in the [[Battle of Patan]] in 1790, forcing the rulers of Jaipur to pay heavy tributes.<ref>{{harvtxt|Sarkar|1994|p=289}}</ref> Nevertheless, enough wealth remained in Jaipur for the patronage of fine temples/palaces, continuity of its courtly traditions and the well-being of its citizens and merchant communities. Jaipurs last attempt to gain freedom from [[Gwalior State|Gwalior]] ended in a defeat at the [[Battle of Malpura]].<ref>{{harvtxt|Sarkar|1994|p=315}}</ref> A treaty was initially made by Maharaja Sawai Jagat Singh and the [[British India|British]] under [[Governor-General of India|Governor General]] Marquis Wellesley in 1803, however the treaty was dissolved shortly afterwards by Wellesley's successor, Lord [[Cornwallis]]. In this event, Jaipur's Ambassador to [[Lord Lake]] observed that "This was the first time, since the English government was established in India, that it had been known to make its faith subservient to its convenience".<ref>[[Giles Tillotson]], ''Jaipur Nama: Tales from the Pink City.''</ref>
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| In 1818 Jaipur became a [[British protectorate]] by entering into a [[subsidiary alliance]]. In 1835 there was a serious disturbance in the city because of a false rumour that the British had murdered the infant raja to ensure the annexation,<ref>''Rajasthan Through the Ages'' By R.K. Gupta, S.R. Bakshi, pg.287</ref> after which the British government intervened.<ref name=EB1911/> The state later became well-governed and prosperous.<ref name=EB1911/> During the [[Indian rebellion of 1857]], when the British invoked the treaty to request assistance in the suppression of rebellious [[sepoys]], the Maharaja opted to preserve his treaty, and thus sent in troops to help to subdue the uprisings<ref name=EB1911/> in the area around [[Gurgaon]].{{citation needed|date=July 2017}}
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| Jaipur state had a revenue of Rs.65,00,000 in 1901, making it the wealthiest [[Princely state]] in [[Rajputana]].<ref>https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V13_401.gif</ref>
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| Jaipur's last princely ruler signed the accession to the [[Dominion of India|Indian Union]] on 7 April 1949.{{citation needed|date=July 2017}}
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| In 2019, titular Maharaja [[Padmanabh Singh]] (born 12 July 1998), full title Maharaja Sawai Padmanabh Singh of Jaipur, is the young monarch of Jaipur, a city in northwestern India famous for its pink architecture and imperial palaces. Estimates of the royal family's wealth vary, but Singh is estimated to control a fortune of between $697 million and $2.8 billion.<ref>{{cite news|last=Warren |first=Katie |title=Meet the 21-year-old 'king' of Jaipur, India, a polo star who spends his multimillion-dollar fortune traveling the world and studying in NYC and Rome |date=Mar 9, 2020|access-date=Dec 12, 2020|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/life-of-king-of-jaipur-india-worth-millions-photos-2018-12}}</ref>
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| == Ruling dynasty ==
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| ===List of rulers===
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| The list of rulers and titular rulers are as follows:<ref>{{harvtxt|Prasad|1966|pp=1–3}}</ref><ref>{{harvtxt|Sarkar|1994}}</ref>
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| ==== Rulers ====
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| * 27 Dec 966 – 15 Dec 1006 Sorha Deva (d. 1006)
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| * 15 Dec 1006 – 28 Nov 1036 Dullah Rai (d. 1036)
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| * 28 Nov 1036 – 20 Apr 1039 Kakil (d. 1039)
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| * 21 Apr 1039 – 28 Oct 1053 Hanu (d. 1053)
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| * 28 Oct 1053 – 21 Mar 1070 Janddeo (d. 1070)
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| * 22 Mar 1070 – 20 May 1094 Pajjun Rai (d. 1094)
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| * 20 May 1094 – 15 Feb 1146 Malayasi (d. 1146)
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| * 15 Feb 1146 – 25 Jul 1179 Vijaldeo (d. 1179)
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| * 25 Jul 1179 – 16 Dec 1216 Rajdeo (d. 1216)
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| * 16 Dec 1216 – 18 Oct 1276 Kilhan (d. 1276)
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| * 18 Oct 1276 – 23 Jan 1317 Kuntal (d. 1317)
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| * 23 Jan 1317 – 6 Nov 1366 Jonsi (d. 1366)
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| * 6 Nov 1366 – 11 Feb 1388 Udaikarn (d. 1388)
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| * 11 Feb 1388 – 16 Aug 1428 Narsingh (d. 1428)
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| * 16 Aug 1428 – 20 Sep 1439 Banbir (d. 1439)
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| * 20 Sep 1439 – 10 Dec 1467 Udharn (d. 1467)
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| * 10 Dec 1467 – 17 Jan 1503 Chandrasen (d. 1503)
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| * 17 Jan 1503 – 4 Nov 1527 [[Prithviraj Singh I]] (d. 1527)
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| * 4 Nov 1527 – 19 Jan 1534 [[Puranmal]] (d. 1534)
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| * 19 Jan 1534 – 22 Jul 1537 [[Bhim Singh of Amber|Bhim Singh]] (d. 1537)
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| * 22 Jul 1537 – 15 May 1548 [[Ratan Singh of Amber|Ratan Singh]] (d. 1548)
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| * 15 May 1548 – 1 June 1548 [[Askaran]] (d. 1599)
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| * 1 June 1548 – 27 Jan 1574 [[Bharmal]] (d. 1574)
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| * 27 Jan 1574 – 4 Dec 1589 [[Bhagwant Das]] (b. 1527 – d. 1589)
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| * 4 Dec 1589 – 6 Jul 1614 [[Man Singh]] (b. 1550 – d. 1614)
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| * 6 Jul 1614 – 13 Dec 1621 [[Bhau Singh]] (d. 1621)
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| * 13 Dec 1621 – 28 Aug 1667 [[Jai Singh I]] (b. 1611 – d. 1667)
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| * 10 Sep 1667 – 30 Apr 1688: [[Ram Singh I]] (b. 1640 – d. 1688)
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| * 30 Apr 1688 – 19 Dec 1699: [[Bishan Singh]] (b. 1672 – d. 1699)
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| * 19 Dec 1699 – 21 Sep 1743: [[Jai Singh II]] (b. 1688 – d. 1743)
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| * 1743 – 12 Dec 1750: [[Ishvari Singh|Ishwari Singh]] (b. 1721 – d. 1750)
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| * 1750 – 5 Mar 1768: [[Madho Singh I]] (b. 1728 – d. 1768)
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| * 1768 – 13 Apr 1778: [[Prithvi Singh II]] (b. {{circa}} 1762 – d. 1778)
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| * 1778 – 1803: [[Pratap Singh of Jaipur|Pratap Singh]] (b. 1764 – d. 1803)
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| * 1803 – 21 Nov 1818: [[Jagat Singh of Amber|Jagat Singh II]] (b. ... – d. 1818)
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| * 22 Dec 1818 – 25 Apr 1819: Mohan Singh (regent) (b. {{circa}} 1809 – d. ...)
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| * 25 Apr 1819 – 6 Feb 1835: [[Jai Singh III]] (b. 1819 – d. 1835)
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| * Feb 1835 – 18 Sep 1880: [[Ram Singh II]] (b. 1835 – d. 1880)
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| * 18 Sep 1880 – 7 Sep 1922: [[Madho Singh II]] (b. 1861 – d. 1922)
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| * 7 Sep 1922 – 15 Aug 1947 (subsidiary): [[Man Singh II|Sawai Man Singh II]] (b. 1912 – d. 1970)
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| * 15 Aug 1947 – 7 Apr 1949 (independent): Sawai Man Singh II (b. 1912 – d. 1970)
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| ==== Titular rulers ====
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| * 7 Apr 1949 – 24 Jun 1970: [[Man Singh II|Sawai Man Singh II]]
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| * 24 Jun 1970 – 28 Dec 1971: [[Bhawani Singh|Sawai Bhawani Singh]] (b. 1931 – d. 2011)<!-- Titles were abolished in 1971 according to the 26th amendment to the Indian constitution. -->
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| ==== Ceremonial rulers ====
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| * 28 Dec 1971 – 17 Apr 2011: Sawai Bhawani Singh (b. 1931 – d. 2011)
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| *17 Apr 2011 – present: [[Padmanabh Singh]] (b. 1998)
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| === Other family members ===
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| * [[Diya Kumari]]
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| ==Jaipur Residency==
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| {{See also|Rajputana Agency#Subdivisions}}
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| The Jaipur Residency was established in 1821. It included the states of Jaipur, [[Kishangarh State|Kishangarh]] and [[Lawa Thikana|Lawa]]. The latter had belonged to the [[Haraoti-Tonk Agency]] until 1867.<ref>[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V16_162.gif Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 16, p. 156.]</ref>
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| ==See also==
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| * [[History of Jaipur]]
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| ==References==
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| {{Reflist}}
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| {{Commons category|Jaipur State}}
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| {{Jaipur}}
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| {{Princely states of India}}
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| {{coord|26.9260|N|75.8235|E|source:kolossus-cawiki|display=title}}
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| {{Authority control}}
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| [[Category:History of Jaipur]]
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| [[Category:Princely states of Rajasthan]]
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| [[Category:Rajputs]]
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| [[Category:Rajputana Agency]]
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| [[Category:1128 establishments in Asia]]
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| [[Category:1949 disestablishments in India]]
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| [[Category:12th-century establishments in India]]
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