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{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{Coord|28|31|24.43836|N|77|10|56.13|E|display=title}}
{{Coord|28|31|24.44|N|77|10|56.13|E|display=title}}


[[File:AdamKhanTomb.jpg|thumb|Photograph (1872)]]
[[File:AdamKhanTomb.jpg|thumb|The tomb photographed in 1872]]
[[File:Adam Khan's Tomb.jpg|220px|thumb|[[Adham Khan]]'s tomb, which also house the tomb of his mother, [[Maham Anga]], [[Mehrauli]], Delhi.]]
[[File:Adam Khan's Tomb.jpg|220px|thumb|[[Adham Khan]]'s tomb, which also houses the grave of his mother, [[Maham Anga]], [[Mehrauli]], Delhi.]]


'''Adham Khan's Tomb''' ([[Hindi]]: आधम खान का मकबरा, {{Lang-ur|{{nq|ادھم خان کا مزار}}}}, [[Bengali language|Bangla]]: আধম খানের সমাধি) is the 16th-century tomb of  [[Adham Khan]], a general of the [[Mughal Emperor]] [[Akbar]]. He was the younger son of [[Maham Anga]], Akbar's [[wet nurse]] thus also his foster brother. However, when Adham Khan murdered Akbar’s favourite general [[Ataga Khan]] in May 1561, Akbar immediately ordered his execution by [[defenestration]] from the ramparts of the [[Agra Fort]].
'''Adham Khan's Tomb''' is the 16th-century tomb of  [[Adham Khan]], a general of the [[Mughal Emperor]] [[Akbar]]. He was the younger son of [[Maham Anga]], Akbar's [[wet nurse]] thus also his foster brother. Out of jealousy and court intrigue, in May 1562 Adham Khan murdered Akbar's favourite general [[Ataga Khan]], in the courtyard of the ''Diwan-e-Aam'' (the hall of audience), in [[Agra Fort]] .<ref>[http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00litlinks/abulfazl/02_44_namah.html The punishment of Adham Khan] [[Akbarnama]]</ref> An enraged Akbar immediately ordered Adham's execution by [[defenestration]] from the ramparts of the [[Agra Fort]].


The tomb was built in 1562, and lies to the north of the [[Qutub Minar]], [[Mehrauli]], [[Delhi]], immediately before one reaches the town of Mehrauli,<ref>[http://www.archnet.org/library/sites/one-site.jsp?site_id=2193 Adham Khan Tomb] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100613213023/http://archnet.org/library/sites/one-site.jsp?site_id=2193 |date=2010-06-13 }} ''archnet.org''.</ref> it is now a protected monument by [[Archaeological Survey of India]].<ref>[http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_alphalist_delhi.asp List of Monuments - Delhi- Delhi Circle (N.C.T. of Delhi)] ''[[Archaeological Survey of India]]''.</ref> The tomb is opposite Mehrauli bus terminus and many passengers use it as a place to wait.
The tomb was built in 1562, and lies to the South-West of the [[Qutub Minar]], [[Mehrauli]], [[Delhi]], immediately before one reaches the town of Mehrauli.<ref>[http://www.archnet.org/library/sites/one-site.jsp?site_id=2193 Adham Khan Tomb] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100613213023/http://archnet.org/library/sites/one-site.jsp?site_id=2193 |date=2010-06-13 }} ''archnet.org''.</ref> it is now a protected monument by [[Archaeological Survey of India]].<ref>[http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_alphalist_delhi.asp List of Monuments Delhi Delhi Circle (N.C.T. of Delhi)] ''[[Archaeological Survey of India]]''.</ref> The tomb is opposite Mehrauli bus terminus and many passengers use it as a place to wait.


==Architecture==
==Architecture==
[[File:Adham Khans tomb surrounding archway, Mehrauli, Delhi.jpg|150px|right|thumb|Adham Khans tomb, surrounding archway, Mehrauli]]
[[File:Adham Khans tomb surrounding archway, Mehrauli, Delhi.jpg|150px|right|thumb|Adham Khan's tomb, surrounding archway, Mehrauli]]


It lies on the walls of [[Lal Kot]] and rising from a terrace enclosed by an octagonal wall provided with low towers at the corners. It consists of a domed octagonal chamber in the [[Lodhi Dynasty]] style and [[Sayyid dynasty]] early in the 14th century. It has a verandah on each side pierced by three openings. It is known popularly as [[Bul-bulaiyan]] (a Labyrinth or Maze), for a visitor often loses his way amidst the several passages in the thickness of its walls.<ref name=delhicity>{{cite book|last=Ashri|first=Shashi Bhushan|title=Delhi: A city of cities|year=2010|publisher=Anubhav Prakashan|location=Delhi, India|isbn=978-93-8005-320-2|pages=38}}</ref>
It lies on the walls of [[Lal Kot]] and rising from a terrace enclosed by an octagonal wall provided with low towers at the corners. It consists of a domed octagonal chamber in the [[Lodi dynasty]] and [[Sayyid dynasty]] style of early 14th century. It has a verandah on each side pierced by three openings. It is known popularly as [[Bul-bulaiyan]] (a Labyrinth or Maze), for a visitor often loses his way amidst the several passages in the thickness of its walls.<ref name=delhicity>{{cite book|last=Ashri|first=Shashi Bhushan|title=Delhi: A city of cities|year=2010|publisher=Anubhav Prakashan|location=Delhi, India|isbn=978-93-8005-320-2|pages=38}}</ref><ref name="Rangan">{{cite news |last1=Datta |first1=Rangan |title=Mehrauli Archaeological Park has monuments from pre-Islamic days to late-Mughal period |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/places/mehrauli-archaeological-park-the-site-for-monuments-spanning-from-pre-islamic-days-to-late-mughal-period/cid/2035729 |access-date=6 September 2024 |agency=My Kolkata |publisher=The Telegraph |date=23 July 2024}}</ref>


==History==
==History==
[[File:Adham Khan tomb interior, Mehrauli, Delhi.jpg|left|140px|thumb|Adham Khan tomb interior, Mehrauli, Delhi]]
[[File:Adham Khan tomb interior, Mehrauli, Delhi.jpg|left|140px|thumb|The interior of Adham Khan's tomb in Mehrauli, Delhi]]
[[Adham Khan]], son of [[Maham Anga]], a wet nurse of [[Akbar]], was a nobleman and general in Akbar's army. In 1561, he fell out with [[Ataga Khan]], Akbar's Prime Minister and husband of Jiji Anga, another wet nurse, and killed him, whereupon he was thrown down from the ramparts of [[Agra Fort]] twice, by the order of the emperor [[Akbar]] and died <ref>[http://www.tribuneindia.com/2001/20010609/windows/above.htm What makes a man great?] ''[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]'', 9 June 2001.</ref>
[[Adham Khan]], son of [[Maham Anga]], a wet nurse of [[Akbar]], was a nobleman and general in Akbar's army. In 1561, he fell out with [[Ataga Khan]], Akbar's Prime Minister and husband of Jiji Anga, another of Akbar's wet nurses, and killed him, whereupon he was thrown down from the ramparts of [[Agra Fort]] twice, by the order of the emperor [[Akbar]] and died.<ref>[http://www.tribuneindia.com/2001/20010609/windows/above.htm What makes a man great?] ''[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]'', 9 June 2001.</ref><ref name="Rangan"/>


His mother after fortieth day of mourning also died out of grief, and both were buried in this tomb believed to be commissioned built by Akbar, in a conspicuous octagonal design, not seen in any Mughal building of that era, a designed perhaps designated to the traitors, as it was common design features visible in the tombs of the previous [[Sur Dynasty]], and also the [[Lodhi dynasty]] now within the present [[Lodhi Gardens]] (Delhi), which the Mughals considered traitors.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=3ctLNvx68hIC&pg=PA42&dq=Adham+Khan%27s+Tomb#PPA44,M1 Adham Khan's Tomb - Image and History] ''[[The New Cambridge History of India]]'', by Catherine B. Asher. Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|0-521-26728-5}}. ''Page 44''.</ref>
His mother after fortieth day of mourning also died out of grief, and both were buried in this tomb believed to be commissioned and built by Akbar, in a conspicuous octagonal design not seen in any Mughal building of that era; a design perhaps designated to the traitors, as it was the common design and features visible in the tombs of the previous [[Sur dynasty]], and also the [[Lodi dynasty]] now within the present [[Lodi Gardens]] (Delhi), which the Mughals considered traitors.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=3ctLNvx68hIC&dq=Adham+Khan%27s+Tomb&pg=PA44 Adham Khan's Tomb Image and History] ''[[The New Cambridge History of India]]'', by Catherine B. Asher. Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|0-521-26728-5}}. p. 44.</ref>
[[File:Qutub Minar from Adham Khan's Tomb.JPG|right|140px|thumb|Qutub Minar from Adham Khan]]
[[File:Qutub Minar from Adham Khan's Tomb.JPG|right|140px|thumb|[[Qutub Minar]] as seen from Adham Khan's tomb]]
In 1830s, a British officer named Blake of Bengal Civil Service, converted this tomb into his residential apartment and removed the graves to make way for his dining hall. Though the officer died soon, it continued to be used as a rest house for many years by the British, and at one point even as a police station and a post office. The tomb was vacated and later restored by the orders of [[Lord Curzon]],<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=Ee1HTcplZS0C&pg=PA127&dq=Adham+Khan%27s+Tomb Adham Khan's Tomb] ''Delhi'', by Patrick Horton, Richard Plunkett, Hugh Finlay. Lonely Planet, 2002. {{ISBN|1-86450-297-5}}. ''Page 127''.</ref> and the grave of [[Adham Khan]] has since been restored to the site, and lies right below the central dome, though that of his mother [[Maham Anga]] never was.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=aqqBPS1TDUgC&pg=PA104&lpg=PA104&dq=Adham+Khan%27s+Tomb&source=web&ots=E35oh6jUwn&sig=MIHZ7BuIZdlMiAt6PvMARdAztPQ&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=9&ct=result#PPA104,M1 All About Delhi] ''Delhi, the Capital of India'', by Anon. Asian Educational Services, 1997. {{ISBN|81-206-1282-5}}.</ref>
In the 1830s, a British officer named Blake, of the Bengal Civil Service, converted this tomb into his residential apartment and removed the graves to make way for his dining hall. Though the officer died soon, it continued to be used as a rest house for many years by the British, and at one point even as a police station and a post office. The tomb was vacated and later restored by the orders of [[Lord Curzon]],<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=Ee1HTcplZS0C&dq=Adham+Khan%27s+Tomb&pg=PA127 Adham Khan's Tomb] ''Delhi'', by Patrick Horton, Richard Plunkett, Hugh Finlay. Lonely Planet, 2002. {{ISBN|1-86450-297-5}}. p. 127.</ref> and the grave of [[Adham Khan]] has since been restored to the site, and lies right below the central dome, though that of his mother [[Maham Anga]] never was.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=aqqBPS1TDUgC&dq=Adham+Khan%27s+Tomb&pg=PA104 All About Delhi] ''Delhi, the Capital of India'', by Anon. Asian Educational Services, 1997. {{ISBN|81-206-1282-5}}.</ref>


==Further reading==
==Further reading==
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=cN7-8ZwviRgC&pg=PA17&lpg=PA17&dq=Adham+Khan%27s+Tomb&source=web&ots=vcJjPOtIWm&sig=FjZdx0YErObX6e7BH1UEA459B8M&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=10&ct=result#PPA18,M1 Adham Khan's Tomb] ''The Delhi that No-one Knows'', by R.V. Smith. Orient Longman, 2005. {{ISBN|81-8028-020-9}}. ''Page 18''.
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=cN7-8ZwviRgC&dq=Adham+Khan%27s+Tomb&pg=PA18 Adham Khan's Tomb] ''The Delhi that No-one Knows'', by R.V. Smith. Orient Longman, 2005. {{ISBN|81-8028-020-9}}. p. 18.
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=Kl2WlM-b_KcC&pg=PA203&lpg=PA203&dq=Adham+Khan%27s+Tomb&source=web&ots=1id9cIrGsY&sig=fBsgKw2iFKxog5-lv2dDrnskK5U&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=6&ct=result Mughals] ''Dictionary of Islamic architecture'', by Andrew Petersen. Routledge, 1996. {{ISBN|0-415-06084-2}}. ''Page 203''.
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=Kl2WlM-b_KcC&dq=Adham+Khan%27s+Tomb&pg=PA203 Mughals] ''Dictionary of Islamic architecture'', by Andrew Petersen. Routledge, 1996. {{ISBN|0-415-06084-2}}. p. 203.
* ''The Cambridge History of India: Mughal Period'', by Edward James Rapson. Published by University Press, 1937. ''Page 532 Tomb of Adham Khan''.
* ''The Cambridge History of India: Mughal Period'', by Edward James Rapson. Published by University Press, 1937. p. 532 Tomb of Adham Khan.
*Anthony Welch, [https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/media.archnet.org/system/publications/contents/6789/original/DPC3653.pdf?1384803133 "The Emperor's Grief: Two Mughal Tombs"], ''Muqarnas'' 25, ''Frontiers of Islamic Art and Architecture: Essays in Celebration of Oleg Grabar's Eightieth Birthday'' (2008): 255-273.
* Anthony Welch, [https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/media.archnet.org/system/publications/contents/6789/original/DPC3653.pdf?1384803133 "The Emperor's Grief: Two Mughal Tombs"], ''Muqarnas'' 25, ''Frontiers of Islamic Art and Architecture: Essays in Celebration of Oleg Grabar's Eightieth Birthday'' (2008): 255–273.
* ''Delhi and Its Neighbourhood'', by Y. D. Sharma. Published by Director General, Archaeological Survey of India, 1974. ''Page 60-61''.
* ''Delhi and Its Neighbourhood'', by Y. D. Sharma. Published by Director General, Archaeological Survey of India, 1974. p. 60–61.
* ''Islamic Tombs in India : The Iconography and Genesis of Their Design'', by Fredrick W. Bunce. (Series : Contours of Indian Art and Architecture No. 2. 2004.) {{ISBN|81-246-0245-X}}. ''Chapt. 20''.
* ''Islamic Tombs in India : The Iconography and Genesis of Their Design'', by Fredrick W. Bunce. (Series : Contours of Indian Art and Architecture No. 2. 2004.) {{ISBN|81-246-0245-X}}. Chapt. 20.
* [http://www.yorku.ca/yfile/archive/index.asp?Article=11362 Annual York-Noor Lecture Series: "Murder, Mausolea and the Emperor Akbar: Two Early Mughal Tombs"] ''[[York University]]''
* [http://www.yorku.ca/yfile/archive/index.asp?Article=11362 Annual York-Noor Lecture Series: "Murder, Mausolea and the Emperor Akbar: Two Early Mughal Tombs"], [[York University]]
* ''Mughal Architecture of Delhi : A Study of Mosques and Tombs'' (1556-1627 A.D.), by Praduman K. Sharma, Sundeep, 2001, {{ISBN|81-7574-094-9}}. ''Chap. 9''.
* ''Mughal Architecture of Delhi : A Study of Mosques and Tombs'' (1556–1627 A.D.), by Praduman K. Sharma, Sundeep, 2001, {{ISBN|81-7574-094-9}}. Chap. 9.


==References==
==References==
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==External links==
==External links==
{{commons category|Tomb of Adham Khan}}
{{commons category|Tomb of Adham Khan}}
* [http://www.monumentsofdelhi.com/Monuments/adam_khans_tomb Adam Khan's Tomb]
* [http://www.monumentsofdelhi.com/Monuments/adam_khans_tomb Adam Khan's Tomb] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120530230427/http://www.monumentsofdelhi.com/Monuments/adam_khans_tomb |date=30 May 2012 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080603104535/http://www.the-south-asian.com/Oct2001/Qutub%20Complex2.htm The Qutub Complex in Delhi - Adham Khan's Tomb]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080603104535/http://www.the-south-asian.com/Oct2001/Qutub%20Complex2.htm The Qutub Complex in Delhi Adham Khan's Tomb]
* [http://ignca.nic.in/asp/all.asp?projectid=sdmtak0001 Images of Adham Khan's Tomb] ''[[Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts]]'' ([[IGNCA]])
* [http://ignca.nic.in/asp/all.asp?projectid=sdmtak0001 Images of Adham Khan's Tomb] [[Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts]] ([[IGNCA]])
* [http://wikimapia.org/#lat=28.5233609&lon=77.1821308&z=18&l=0&m=a&v=2&show=/483740/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%AE-%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8-%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE Adham Khan's Tomb] ''[[wikimapia]]''. <!-- (for coordinates) -->
* [http://wikimapia.org/#lat=28.5233609&lon=77.1821308&z=18&l=0&m=a&v=2&show=/483740/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%AE-%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8-%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE Adham Khan's Tomb] [[wikimapia]]. <!-- (for coordinates) -->
* [http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/addorimss/t/019addor0005475u00078vrb.html The tomb of Adham Khan near the Qutb Minar in Sir Thomas Metcalfe's Diary, 1843] [[British Library]]
* [http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/addorimss/t/019addor0005475u00078vrb.html The tomb of Adham Khan near the Qutb Minar in Sir Thomas Metcalfe's Diary, 1843] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812191140/http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/addorimss/t/019addor0005475u00078vrb.html |date=12 August 2017 }} [[British Library]]


[[Category:Mughal architecture]]
[[Category:Mughal tombs|Adham_Khan]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1561]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1561]]
[[Category:Mehrauli]]
[[Category:Mehrauli]]
[[Category:Domes]]
[[Category:Domes in India]]
[[Category:Mausoleums in Delhi]]
[[Category:Mausoleums in Delhi]]
[[Category:Mazes]]
[[Category:Mazes]]
[[Category:1561 establishments in India]]
[[Category:1561 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Buildings on the Indian Archaeological Register]]
[[Category:Buildings on the Indian Archaeological Register]]
[[Category:Monuments of National Importance in Delhi]]

Latest revision as of 19:04, 18 May 2025


28°31′24.44″N 77°10′56.13″E / 28.5234556°N 77.1822583°E / 28.5234556; 77.1822583

The tomb photographed in 1872
Adham Khan's tomb, which also houses the grave of his mother, Maham Anga, Mehrauli, Delhi.

Adham Khan's Tomb is the 16th-century tomb of Adham Khan, a general of the Mughal Emperor Akbar. He was the younger son of Maham Anga, Akbar's wet nurse thus also his foster brother. Out of jealousy and court intrigue, in May 1562 Adham Khan murdered Akbar's favourite general Ataga Khan, in the courtyard of the Diwan-e-Aam (the hall of audience), in Agra Fort .[1] An enraged Akbar immediately ordered Adham's execution by defenestration from the ramparts of the Agra Fort.

The tomb was built in 1562, and lies to the South-West of the Qutub Minar, Mehrauli, Delhi, immediately before one reaches the town of Mehrauli.[2] it is now a protected monument by Archaeological Survey of India.[3] The tomb is opposite Mehrauli bus terminus and many passengers use it as a place to wait.

Architecture[edit | edit source]

Adham Khan's tomb, surrounding archway, Mehrauli

It lies on the walls of Lal Kot and rising from a terrace enclosed by an octagonal wall provided with low towers at the corners. It consists of a domed octagonal chamber in the Lodi dynasty and Sayyid dynasty style of early 14th century. It has a verandah on each side pierced by three openings. It is known popularly as Bul-bulaiyan (a Labyrinth or Maze), for a visitor often loses his way amidst the several passages in the thickness of its walls.[4][5]

History[edit | edit source]

The interior of Adham Khan's tomb in Mehrauli, Delhi

Adham Khan, son of Maham Anga, a wet nurse of Akbar, was a nobleman and general in Akbar's army. In 1561, he fell out with Ataga Khan, Akbar's Prime Minister and husband of Jiji Anga, another of Akbar's wet nurses, and killed him, whereupon he was thrown down from the ramparts of Agra Fort twice, by the order of the emperor Akbar and died.[6][5]

His mother after fortieth day of mourning also died out of grief, and both were buried in this tomb believed to be commissioned and built by Akbar, in a conspicuous octagonal design not seen in any Mughal building of that era; a design perhaps designated to the traitors, as it was the common design and features visible in the tombs of the previous Sur dynasty, and also the Lodi dynasty now within the present Lodi Gardens (Delhi), which the Mughals considered traitors.[7]

Qutub Minar as seen from Adham Khan's tomb

In the 1830s, a British officer named Blake, of the Bengal Civil Service, converted this tomb into his residential apartment and removed the graves to make way for his dining hall. Though the officer died soon, it continued to be used as a rest house for many years by the British, and at one point even as a police station and a post office. The tomb was vacated and later restored by the orders of Lord Curzon,[8] and the grave of Adham Khan has since been restored to the site, and lies right below the central dome, though that of his mother Maham Anga never was.[9]

Further reading[edit | edit source]

  • Adham Khan's Tomb The Delhi that No-one Knows, by R.V. Smith. Orient Longman, 2005. ISBN 81-8028-020-9. p. 18.
  • Mughals Dictionary of Islamic architecture, by Andrew Petersen. Routledge, 1996. ISBN 0-415-06084-2. p. 203.
  • The Cambridge History of India: Mughal Period, by Edward James Rapson. Published by University Press, 1937. p. 532 Tomb of Adham Khan.
  • Anthony Welch, "The Emperor's Grief: Two Mughal Tombs", Muqarnas 25, Frontiers of Islamic Art and Architecture: Essays in Celebration of Oleg Grabar's Eightieth Birthday (2008): 255–273.
  • Delhi and Its Neighbourhood, by Y. D. Sharma. Published by Director General, Archaeological Survey of India, 1974. p. 60–61.
  • Islamic Tombs in India : The Iconography and Genesis of Their Design, by Fredrick W. Bunce. (Series : Contours of Indian Art and Architecture No. 2. 2004.) ISBN 81-246-0245-X. Chapt. 20.
  • Annual York-Noor Lecture Series: "Murder, Mausolea and the Emperor Akbar: Two Early Mughal Tombs", York University
  • Mughal Architecture of Delhi : A Study of Mosques and Tombs (1556–1627 A.D.), by Praduman K. Sharma, Sundeep, 2001, ISBN 81-7574-094-9. Chap. 9.

References[edit | edit source]

  1. The punishment of Adham Khan Akbarnama
  2. Adham Khan Tomb Archived 2010-06-13 at the Wayback Machine archnet.org.
  3. List of Monuments – Delhi – Delhi Circle (N.C.T. of Delhi) Archaeological Survey of India.
  4. Ashri, Shashi Bhushan (2010). Delhi: A city of cities. Delhi, India: Anubhav Prakashan. p. 38. ISBN 978-93-8005-320-2.
  5. 5.0 5.1 Datta, Rangan (23 July 2024). "Mehrauli Archaeological Park has monuments from pre-Islamic days to late-Mughal period". The Telegraph. My Kolkata. Retrieved 6 September 2024.
  6. What makes a man great? The Tribune, 9 June 2001.
  7. Adham Khan's Tomb – Image and History The New Cambridge History of India, by Catherine B. Asher. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-26728-5. p. 44.
  8. Adham Khan's Tomb Delhi, by Patrick Horton, Richard Plunkett, Hugh Finlay. Lonely Planet, 2002. ISBN 1-86450-297-5. p. 127.
  9. All About Delhi Delhi, the Capital of India, by Anon. Asian Educational Services, 1997. ISBN 81-206-1282-5.

External links[edit | edit source]