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'''Chalavādi''' (Chalawadi, Chalwadi, Chelvadi, Chelavadi<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/Madiga-Chaluvadi-communities-seek-internal-reservation/article14717514.ece|title=Madiga, Chaluvadi communities seek internal reservation|date=2007-02-08|work=The Hindu|access-date=2017-10-25|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>) is a | '''Chalavādi''' (Chalawadi, Chalwadi, Chelvadi, Chelavadi<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/Madiga-Chaluvadi-communities-seek-internal-reservation/article14717514.ece|title=Madiga, Chaluvadi communities seek internal reservation|date=2007-02-08|work=The Hindu|access-date=2017-10-25|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>) is a [[Dravidian peoples|Dravida]] community, mainly belonging to [[Maharashtra|Karnataka]], "who are generally called formerly as [[Adi Dravida]] (Balagai), Channaiah or Channayya"<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9B1OAQAAMAAJ&q=Chalavadi|title=The Scheduled Castes|last=Singh|first=Kumar Suresh|date=1995|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780195637427|volume=10|page=297|language=en}}</ref>(Bidar, Belgaum, Bijapur and Dharwad districts<ref name=":0" />), Toti, Byagara,{{citation needed|date=February 2018}} Whalliaru or Whallias,{{citation needed|date=February 2018}} Holia's or [[Mahar]] [[Belgaum division|(Belgaum side)]] ([[Synonym|Synonym's]]: [[Holar caste|Holar]]<ref name=":2" />) is the servant of the right-hand, or eighteen-caste section of the community, and the custodian of its symbol, namely, the bell and the ladle (Gandadabatlu). These are made of [[brass]] and are connected together by a chain of the same metal, and sometimes they are placed before [[Pattadakal|Sangameshwara]] gaddige and [[Puja (Hinduism)|Pūjā]] made to them. The members use, among themselves, the term [[Valangai|Balagai]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1XzaAAAAMAAJ&q=balagai|title=Deprived Castes in India: A Profile of Karnataka|last=Rao|first=Nandalike Jagannath Usha|date=1981|publisher=Chugh Publications|page=335|language=en}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/Discontent-in-lsquoleftrsquo-group-of-SCs-may-cost-BJP-dear/article16631517.ece|title=Discontent in 'left' group of SCs may cost BJP dear|date=2009-03-07|work=The Hindu|access-date=2017-10-15|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> as they are classified among the eighteen castes that form the right-hand section of the community in [[Dravidian people|Dravida]] countries. Chalavadis are well dressed and stands with a blanket under his arm. He carries a brass image of [[Shiva]] seated on a [[bull]]. The image is overshadowed by the hood of a snake and is fixed to the upper end of a brass spoon. A brass bell hangs from the handle of the spoon to the Chelvadi’s knee in front. From time to time, the Chelvadi sings hymns in honour of [[Shiva]] and rings the bell.{{citation needed|date=February 2018}} | ||
== Origin == | == Origin == | ||
Chalvadi is said to be | Chalvadi is said to be a disciple of [[Basava]]. They came with the Maharaja of the [[Vijayanagara Empire|Vijayanagar empire]] and settled in different districts. They are considered as the right-hand caste as opposed to the left-hand who are the [[Madiga|Madars or Madiga]].{{citation needed|date=February 2018}} | ||
Chalavadi's were [[agricultural labourer]]s during the 17th century to 18th century and were divided into ''Kuliyalugalu'' (hired labourer's) and ''Muladalugalu'' or ''Mulada Holeya'' (hereditary [[serfs]]) depending on nature of employment in [[agrarian society]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z0nZzbFDSAoC&q=holeya&pg=PA194|title=South Kanara, 1799-1860: A Study in Colonial Administration and Regional Response|last=Bhat|first=N. Shyam|date=1998-01-01|publisher=Mittal Publications|isbn=9788170995869|page=194|language=en}}</ref> | Chalavadi's were [[agricultural labourer]]s during the 17th century to 18th century and were divided into ''Kuliyalugalu'' (hired labourer's) and ''Muladalugalu'' or ''Mulada Holeya'' (hereditary [[serfs]]) depending on nature of employment in [[agrarian society]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z0nZzbFDSAoC&q=holeya&pg=PA194|title=South Kanara, 1799-1860: A Study in Colonial Administration and Regional Response|last=Bhat|first=N. Shyam|date=1998-01-01|publisher=Mittal Publications|isbn=9788170995869|page=194|language=en}}</ref> | ||
Latest revision as of 22:45, 10 September 2025
| Regions with significant populations | |
|---|---|
| Karnataka, India | |
| Languages | |
| Kannada | |
| Religion | |
| Hinduism |
Chalavādi (Chalawadi, Chalwadi, Chelvadi, Chelavadi[1]) is a Dravida community, mainly belonging to Karnataka, "who are generally called formerly as Adi Dravida (Balagai), Channaiah or Channayya"[2](Bidar, Belgaum, Bijapur and Dharwad districts[2]), Toti, Byagara,[citation needed] Whalliaru or Whallias,[citation needed] Holia's or Mahar (Belgaum side) (Synonym's: Holar[1]) is the servant of the right-hand, or eighteen-caste section of the community, and the custodian of its symbol, namely, the bell and the ladle (Gandadabatlu). These are made of brass and are connected together by a chain of the same metal, and sometimes they are placed before Sangameshwara gaddige and Pūjā made to them. The members use, among themselves, the term Balagai[3][4] as they are classified among the eighteen castes that form the right-hand section of the community in Dravida countries. Chalavadis are well dressed and stands with a blanket under his arm. He carries a brass image of Shiva seated on a bull. The image is overshadowed by the hood of a snake and is fixed to the upper end of a brass spoon. A brass bell hangs from the handle of the spoon to the Chelvadi’s knee in front. From time to time, the Chelvadi sings hymns in honour of Shiva and rings the bell.[citation needed]
Origin[edit | edit source]
Chalvadi is said to be a disciple of Basava. They came with the Maharaja of the Vijayanagar empire and settled in different districts. They are considered as the right-hand caste as opposed to the left-hand who are the Madars or Madiga.[citation needed]
Chalavadi's were agricultural labourers during the 17th century to 18th century and were divided into Kuliyalugalu (hired labourer's) and Muladalugalu or Mulada Holeya (hereditary serfs) depending on nature of employment in agrarian society.[5]
Subdivision[edit | edit source]
Karnataka[edit | edit source]
The important sections of Holeyas were the Pombada (Bhuta dancers), the Bakuda or Mundala, the Holeya or Mari Holeya, the Koragar (basket maker) & Nalke (Bhuta Dancers).[6] but only Holeya or Mari Holeya considered Chalavadis, not others.[citation needed]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Madiga, Chaluvadi communities seek internal reservation". The Hindu. 8 February 2007. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Singh, Kumar Suresh (1995). The Scheduled Castes. Vol. 10. Oxford University Press. p. 297. ISBN 9780195637427.
- ↑ Rao, Nandalike Jagannath Usha (1981). Deprived Castes in India: A Profile of Karnataka. Chugh Publications. p. 335.
- ↑ "Discontent in 'left' group of SCs may cost BJP dear". The Hindu. 7 March 2009. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 15 October 2017.
- ↑ Bhat, N. Shyam (1 January 1998). South Kanara, 1799-1860: A Study in Colonial Administration and Regional Response. Mittal Publications. p. 194. ISBN 9788170995869.
- ↑ Bhat, N. Shyam (1 January 1998). South Kanara, 1799-1860: A Study in Colonial Administration and Regional Response. Mittal Publications. p. 26. ISBN 9788170995869.