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{{Short description|Indian honorific title}} | |||
{{pp-extended|small=yes}} | |||
{{More citations needed|date=June 2022}} | |||
'''Rai''' is a historical title of royalty and nobility in the [[Indian subcontinent]] used by rulers and chieftains of many [[princely states]]. It is derived from ''[[Raja]]'' (king). The Marathi variant [[Maratha titles|Rao/Rav]] was used as a substitute to King. | |||
When [[Babur]] conquered [[Hindustan]], he found many principalities which had been subordinated by the Emperor of Hindustan and innumerable others which never have been effectively subdued. When [[Akbar]] ascended to the throne, Hindustan had numerous autonomous and semiautonomous rulers. These hereditary rulers were known by various names such as ''Rais'', ''Rajas'', ''Ranas'', and ''Rawals''.<ref>{{cite book |last=Khan |first=Ahsan Raza |date=1977 |title=Chieftains in the Mughal Empire during the reign of Akbar |publisher=Simla |language=en }}</ref> | When [[Babur]] conquered [[Hindustan]], he found many principalities which had been subordinated by the Emperor of Hindustan and innumerable others which never have been effectively subdued. When [[Akbar]] ascended to the throne, Hindustan had numerous autonomous and semiautonomous rulers. These hereditary rulers were known by various names such as ''Rais'', ''Rajas'', ''[[Rana (title)|Ranas]]'', [[Rao (Indian surname)|Rao]] and ''Rawals''.<ref>{{cite book |last=Khan |first=Ahsan Raza |date=1977 |title=Chieftains in the Mughal Empire during the reign of Akbar |publisher=Simla |language=en }}</ref> | ||
During Mughal rule, while conferring a title on a [[Hindus|Hindu]] chief the word Raja or Rai was added to the name of person. The Mughals seems to have inherited the practice of bestowing titles from the Sultans of [[Delhi Sultanate|Delhi]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Phul |first=R.K |title=Armies of Great Mughal|pages=198–199}}</ref> The appellation "Rai" is primarily applied to men, while for women the appellation "[[Rani]]" is used. | |||
During [[British Raj|British Rule]], ''Rai Sahib'' and ''Rai Bahadur'' were titles of honour given for service of visionary leadership to the nation. They were given immense power too and were equivalent to autonomous native rulers within their feudal estates | |||
Other variations of ''Rai'' are ''Roy'', ''Ray'' and ''Rao''. These are also used as titles by [[Bhumihar]],<ref>{{cite book|title=India's Communities vol 6|page=471|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jw9uAAAAMAAJ&q=bhumihars+use+thakur+title|author=KS Singh|date=1998 |publisher=OUP|isbn=978-0-19-563354-2 |quote=In Bihar , the Babhan are also known as Bhumihar Brahman . They have titles such as Rai , Singh , Pandey , Tiwari , Chaudhry and Thakur.}}</ref> [[Karan (caste)|Karanas]], [[Kayastha|Kayasthas]] and [[Ahir|Ahirs]]. Rai was the title used by the [[Zamindar|Zamindars]] (landowners) of Eastern [[Uttar Pradesh]] and [[Bihar]] during the colonial rule after the Permanent settlement system introduced in [[Bengal]]-Bihar and the state of [[Benares State|Benaras]]. | |||
The descendants of these earlier rulers, chieftains and leaders still use these titles as patronymics, but these titles although having social acceptance and prestige as per local customs, holds no recognition and privilege in the eye of law after the abolition of titles in 1971 from the Indian Constitution.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Gazette of India, 1971 |year=1971 |url=https://archive.org/stream/E13841971009161722/E-1384-1971-0091-61722_djvu.txt}}</ref> | |||
== See also == | |||
* [[Maratha titles]] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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==Bibliography== | ==Bibliography== | ||
*[http://www.worldstatesmen.org/India_princes_K-W.html WorldStatesmen | *[http://www.worldstatesmen.org/India_princes_K-W.html WorldStatesmen – India] | ||
* {{citation |last=Jain |first=Vijay K. |title=Acarya Samantabhadra's Svayambhustotra: Adoration of The Twenty-four Tirthankara |date=2015 |publisher=Vikalp Printers |isbn=978-81-903639-7-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xI8HBgAAQBAJ |quote={{PD-notice}} |ref={{sfnref|Vijay K. Jain|2015}} }} | * {{citation |last=Jain |first=Vijay K. |title=Acarya Samantabhadra's Svayambhustotra: Adoration of The Twenty-four Tirthankara |date=2015 |publisher=Vikalp Printers |isbn=978-81-903639-7-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xI8HBgAAQBAJ |quote={{PD-notice}} |ref={{sfnref|Vijay K. Jain|2015}} }} | ||
*{{cite web|url=http://scci.net.pk/pdetail.php?eid=739&mid=26|title=Sheikhupura Chamber of Commerce & Industry|publisher=scci.net.pk|access-date=2015-11-15}} | *{{cite web|url=http://scci.net.pk/pdetail.php?eid=739&mid=26|title=Sheikhupura Chamber of Commerce & Industry|publisher=scci.net.pk|access-date=2015-11-15}} | ||
*{{cite book|title=Federal & Provincial the Minor Acts: Civil & Criminal|author1=Pakistan|author2=Bhatti, R.M.Z.|author3=Mushtaq, M.I.|date=2013|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MLETnQEACAAJ|access-date=2015-11-15}} | *{{cite book|title=Federal & Provincial the Minor Acts: Civil & Criminal|author1=Pakistan|author2=Bhatti, R.M.Z.|author3=Mushtaq, M.I.|date=2013|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MLETnQEACAAJ|access-date=2015-11-15}} | ||
{{DEFAULTSORT: | {{DEFAULTSORT:Rai, Roy}} | ||
[[Category:Cultural history of India]] | [[Category:Cultural history of India]] | ||
[[Category:Royal titles]] | [[Category:Royal titles]] | ||
[[Category:Titles of national or ethnic leadership]] | [[Category:Titles of national or ethnic leadership]] | ||
[[Category:History of | [[Category:History of South Asia]] | ||
[[Category:Titles in India]] | [[Category:Titles in India]] | ||
Latest revision as of 18:26, 9 December 2025
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (June 2022) |
Rai is a historical title of royalty and nobility in the Indian subcontinent used by rulers and chieftains of many princely states. It is derived from Raja (king). The Marathi variant Rao/Rav was used as a substitute to King.
When Babur conquered Hindustan, he found many principalities which had been subordinated by the Emperor of Hindustan and innumerable others which never have been effectively subdued. When Akbar ascended to the throne, Hindustan had numerous autonomous and semiautonomous rulers. These hereditary rulers were known by various names such as Rais, Rajas, Ranas, Rao and Rawals.[1]
During Mughal rule, while conferring a title on a Hindu chief the word Raja or Rai was added to the name of person. The Mughals seems to have inherited the practice of bestowing titles from the Sultans of Delhi.[2] The appellation "Rai" is primarily applied to men, while for women the appellation "Rani" is used.
During British Rule, Rai Sahib and Rai Bahadur were titles of honour given for service of visionary leadership to the nation. They were given immense power too and were equivalent to autonomous native rulers within their feudal estates
Other variations of Rai are Roy, Ray and Rao. These are also used as titles by Bhumihar,[3] Karanas, Kayasthas and Ahirs. Rai was the title used by the Zamindars (landowners) of Eastern Uttar Pradesh and Bihar during the colonial rule after the Permanent settlement system introduced in Bengal-Bihar and the state of Benaras.
The descendants of these earlier rulers, chieftains and leaders still use these titles as patronymics, but these titles although having social acceptance and prestige as per local customs, holds no recognition and privilege in the eye of law after the abolition of titles in 1971 from the Indian Constitution.[4]
See also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Khan, Ahsan Raza (1977). Chieftains in the Mughal Empire during the reign of Akbar. Simla.
- ↑ Phul, R.K. Armies of Great Mughal. pp. 198–199.
- ↑ KS Singh (1998). India's Communities vol 6. OUP. p. 471. ISBN 978-0-19-563354-2.
In Bihar , the Babhan are also known as Bhumihar Brahman . They have titles such as Rai , Singh , Pandey , Tiwari , Chaudhry and Thakur.
- ↑ "The Gazette of India, 1971". 1971.
Bibliography[edit | edit source]
- WorldStatesmen – India
- Jain, Vijay K. (2015), Acarya Samantabhadra's Svayambhustotra: Adoration of The Twenty-four Tirthankara, Vikalp Printers, ISBN 978-81-903639-7-6,
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. - "Sheikhupura Chamber of Commerce & Industry". scci.net.pk. Retrieved 2015-11-15.
- Pakistan; Bhatti, R.M.Z.; Mushtaq, M.I. (2013). Federal & Provincial the Minor Acts: Civil & Criminal. Retrieved 2015-11-15.