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| {{Short description|1832-33 Indian Tribal Rebellion}}
| | #REDIRECT [[Bhumij Revolt]] |
| {{Infobox event|title=Bhumij Rebellion|date=1832–33|Location=[[Dhalbhum]], [[Manbhum]], and [[Jungle Mahals]]|also known as= Ganga Narain's Hungama|participants=[[Bhumij people|Bhumij]] and others|motive=Policies of [[East India Company]] (EIC)}}
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| The '''Bhumij Rebellion''' or '''Bhumij Revolt''', also known as Ganga Narain's Hungama was a revolt during 1832–1833 by [[Bhumij people|Bhumij tribals]] based in the [[Dhalbhum]] and [[Jungle Mahals|Jungle Mahal]] areas of the [[Midnapore district]] of the erstwhile [[Bengal state]]. It was led by [[Ganga Narayan Singh]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Orans |first=Martin |date=May 1969 |title=The Bhumij Revolt (1832–33): (Ganga Narain's Hangama or Turmoil). By Jagdish Chandra Jha. Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal, 1967. xii, 208 pp. Map, Glossary, Bibliography, Index, Errata. |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-asian-studies/article/abs/bhumij-revolt-183233-ganga-narains-hangama-or-turmoil-by-jagdish-chandra-jha-delhi-munshiram-manoharlal-1967-xii-208-pp-map-glossary-bibliography-index-errata/A5836E32C9F5325E50403A06E8FFB904 |journal=The Journal of Asian Studies |language=en |volume=28 |issue=3 |pages=630–631 |doi=10.2307/2943210 |jstor=2943210 |s2cid=161861350 |issn=1752-0401}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Akshay |date=2021-06-18 |title=Bhumij Revolt & Santhal Rebellion {{!}} Jharkhand |url=https://edvnce.com/blog/bhumij-rebellion-santhal-rebellion/ |access-date=2022-03-21 |website=Edvnce |language=en-US}}</ref>
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| The British have called it "Ganga Narayan's Hungama" while historians have also written it as the [[Chuar rebellion]].
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| == Barabhum Raj ==
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| Raja Vivek Narayan Singh of Barabhum had two queens. Two queens had two sons. After the death of King Vivek Narayan in the 18th century, there was a struggle for successor between two sons Lakshman Narayan Singh and Raghunath Narayan Singh.
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| According to the traditional [[Bhumij people|Bhumij]] system, Lakshman Narayan Singh, the son of the elder queen, was the only successor as per their custom, as the king. But a long family dispute started after the [[East India Company|British]] nominated Raghunath Narayan, the son of the younger queen as king. The local ''Bhumij Sardar'' used to support Laxman Narayan. But he could not stand in front of the British support and military aid received by Raghunath. Laxman Singh was evicted from the state. Laxman Singh was abolished the ''Jagir'' of Bandhdih village for his livelihood. Where his job was only to take care of Bandhadih ''Ghat''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-12 |title=1248929 {{!}} रांची : चुआड़ विद्रोह के महानायक शहीद रघुनाथ व गंगा नारायण को सम्मान देगी सरकार |url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/state/jharkhand/ranchi/1248929 |access-date=2022-07-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210112151858/https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/state/jharkhand/ranchi/1248929 |archive-date=2021-01-12 }}</ref> Laxman Singh struggled to get back his Zamindari rights. [[Ganga Narayan Singh]], son of Lakshman Narayan Singh later revolted against the [[British East India Company]].
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| [[File:Ganga Narayan Singh.jpg|thumb|Painting of [[Ganga Narayan Singh]]]]
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| == Rebellion ==
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| [[Ganga Narayan Singh|Ganga Narayan]] was the first leader to fight against the [[British rule]] and exploitation policy, who first formed the ''Sardar Gorilla Vahini Sena''. On which there was support of every caste. [[Jirpa Laya]] was appointed as the chief commander of the army.{{cn|date=April 2023}} [[Dhalbhum]], [[Patkum estate|Patkum]], Shikharbhum, [[Singhbhum district|Singhbhum]], [[Panchet]], [[Jhalda]], Vamani, [[Baghmundi]], [[Manbhum]], [[Ambikanagar, Bankura|Ambika Nagar]], Amiyapur, [[Shyamsundarpur, Paschim Bardhaman|Shyamsunderpur]], [[Phulkusma]], [[Raipur]] and [[Kashipur, West Bengal|Kashipur]]'s ''Raja-Maharaja'' and ''Zamindars'' supported [[Ganga Narayan Singh]]. Ganga Narayan attacked and killed the ''Diwan'' of Barabhum and British broker Madhab Singh in Vandih on April 2, 1832 AD. After that, along with ''Sardar Vahini'', the court of Barabazar Muffasil, the office of salt inspector and the police station were handed over to the front.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bengal (India) |first=West |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KSBuAAAAMAAJ |title=West Bengal District Gazetteers: Puruliya |date=1985 |publisher=State editor, West Bengal District Gazetteers |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Bengal (India) |first=West |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fDZuAAAAMAAJ |title=West Bengal District Gazetteers: Bānkurā by Amiya Kumar Banerji |date=1968 |publisher=State editor, West Bengal District Gazetteers |language=en}}</ref>
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| The Collector of [[Bankura]], Russell, arrived to arrest Ganga Narayan. But the Sardar Vahini army surrounded him from all sides. All the English army were killed. But Russell somehow escaped to Bankura after saving his life. This movement of Ganga Narayan took the form of a storm, which trampled the British regiments in [[Chhatna]], [[Jhalda]], Akro, [[Ambikanagar, Bankura|Ambika Nagar]], [[Shyamsundarpur, Paschim Bardhaman|Shyamsundarpur]], [[Raipur, Bankura (community development block)|Raipur]], [[Phulkusma]], Shilda, Kuilapal and various places in [[Bengal Presidency|Bengal]]. The impact of his movement was vigorous in places like [[Purulia]], [[Bardhaman|Bardhman]], [[Medinipur]] and [[Bankura]] in [[Bengal Presidency|Bengal]], entire [[Chota Nagpur Division|Chotanagpur]] in [[Bihar]] (now [[Jharkhand]] ), [[Mayurbhanj district|Mayurbhanj]], [[Keonjhar]] and [[Sundergarh district|Sundergarh]] in [[Orissa]]. As a result, the entire [[Jungle Mahals|Jungle Mahal]] was out of the control of the British. Everyone started supporting Ganga Narayan as a true honest, heroic, patriot and social worker.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Das |first=Binod Sankar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UGTxUHzhYXwC |title=Changing Profile of the Frontier Bengal, 1751-1833 |date=1984 |publisher=Mittal Publications |language=en}}</ref>
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| Eventually the British had to send an army from [[Barrackpore]] Cantonment, which was sent under the leadership of Lieutenant Colonel Kapoor. The army was also defeated in the conflict. After this Ganga Narayan and his followers expanded the scope of their action plan. The commissioner baton of Bardhaman and the commissioner hunt of Chotanagpur were also sent but they too could not succeed and had to face defeat in front of the ''Sardar Vahini army''.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Panda |first=Barid Baran |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iensAAAAMAAJ |title=Socio-economic Condition of South West Bengal in the Nineteenth Century |date=2005 |publisher=Punthi Pustak |isbn=978-81-86791-52-3 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Mishra |first1=Asha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ul6fWJQOfzwC |title=Tribal Movements in Jharkhand, 1857-2007 |last2=Paty |first2=Chittaranjan Kumar |date=2010 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |isbn=978-81-8069-686-2 |language=en}}</ref>
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| From August 1832 to February 1833, the entire [[Jungle Mahals|Jungle Mahal]] remained disturbed at [[Chota Nagpur Division|Chotanagpur]] in [[Bihar]] (now [[Jharkhand]]), [[Purulia]], [[Bardhaman|Bardhman]], [[Medinipur]], [[Bankura]] in [[Bengal Presidency|Bengal]], [[Mayurbhanj district|Mayurbhanj]], [[Keonjhar]] and [[Sundergarh]] in [[Odisha|Orissa]]. The British tried in every way to suppress [[Ganga Narayan Singh]], but the British could not stand in front of Ganga Narain's cleverness and fighting skills. The commissioners of [[Bardhaman|Bardhadman]], [[Chota Nagpur Division|Chotanagpur]] and [[Orissa]] ( Raipur ) escaped after being defeated by Ganga Narayan Singh. Thus the struggle was so fast and effective that the [[East India Company|British]] were compelled to withdraw the land sale law, inheritance law, excise duty on lac, salt law, jungle law.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Aquil |first1=Raziuddin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l6PSDwAAQBAJ |title=An Earthly Paradise: Trade, Politics and Culture in Early Modern Bengal |last2=Mukherjee |first2=Tilottama |date=2020-02-25 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-000-07180-1 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Panigrahi |first=Tara Sankar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X94tAAAAMAAJ |title=The British Rule and the Economy of Rural Bengal: A Study of Mallabhum from 1757 to 1833 |date=1982 |publisher=Marwah Publications |isbn=978-0-8364-1036-5 |language=en}}</ref>
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| At that time Thakur Chetan Singh of [[Kharsawan State|Kharsawan]] was running his rule in collusion with the British. Ganga Narain went to [[Porahat]] and [[Singhbhum district|Singhbhum]] and organized the [[Kol people|Kol]] ([[Ho people|Ho]]) tribes there to fight against Thakur Chetan Singh and the British. On February 6, 1833, Ganga Narain attacked the Hindshahar police station of Thakur Chetan Singh of [[Kharsawan State|Kharsawan]] with the [[Kol people|Kol]] (Ho) tribes, but unfortunately died on the same day while fighting against the British and the rulers till the last breath of his life.
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| Thus on February 7, 1833 AD, a mighty, mighty warrior who took iron against the British, the hero of the Bhumij rebellion (also [[Chuar rebellion]]), Ganga Narayan Singh, left his indelible mark and became immortal.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mathur |first=Laxman Prasad |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j-_ZAAAAMAAJ |title=Movements of Tribals During the Colonial Rule: Role of Ideologies |date=1995 |publisher=Inter-India Publications |isbn=978-81-210-0342-1 |language=en}}</ref> After the Bhumij Rebellion, under the Regulation XIII of 1833, there were extensive changes in the system of governance. There was a change in the revenue policy and Chotanagpur was accepted as a part of the [[South-West Frontier Agency]].
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| == See also ==
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| * [[Ganga Narayan Singh]]
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| * [[Chuar Rebellion]]
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| * [[Tribal revolts in India before Indian independence]]
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| * [[History of Jharkhand]]
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| == References ==
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| {{Reflist}}
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| [[Category:Bengal Presidency]]
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| [[Category:Rebellions in India]]
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| [[Category:History of Jharkhand]]
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| [[Category:Rebellions by ethnic group]]
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| [[Category:Bhumij]]
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| [[Category:1832 in British India]]
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| [[Category:1833 in British India]]
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| {{WestBengal-stub}}
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| {{Jharkhand-stub}}
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