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| [[File:Malankara Metropolitan Mathews III.jpg|thumb|411x411px|[[Baselios Marthoma Mathews III|Baselius Marthoma Mathews III]] Present Catholicos and Malankara Metropolitan ]] | | #REDIRECT [[List of Malankara metropolitans]] |
| [[Malankara Metropolitan]] is a legal title given to the head of the [[Malankara Church]], by the Government of [[Travancore]] and [[Kingdom of Cochin|Cochin]] in South India. This title was awarded by a proclamation from the [[King of Travancore]] and the [[Kingdom of Cochin|King of Cochin]]. The prime jurisdiction regarding the temporal, ecclesiastical and spiritual administration of the Malankara Church is vested in the Malankara Metropolitan. The Malankara Metropolitan is the custodian of the [[Orthodox Theological Seminary, Kottayam|Old Seminary, Kottayam]] and the Trustee for the ''Vattipanam'' (Trust Fund).{{citation needed|date=November 2020}}
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| After 1877, every denomination in Malankara started claiming their prelate as ''Malankara Metropolitan''. Among them the head of the [[Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church]], was affirmed by the Supreme court of India as the rightful Malankara Metropolitan in the verdict pertaining to the asset dispute with the <nowiki> Jacobite Syrian Christian Church</nowiki>.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://malankaraorthodox.tv/?p=60636|title= Supreme Court Order July 12, 2002 declared Baselios Mar Thoma Mathews II is the unquestionable '''Malankara Metropolitan''' of the '''Malankara Church'''}}</ref> Present Malankara Metropolitan is His Holiness Baselios Marthoma Mathews III.
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| In the light of verdicts from [[Supreme court of India]] in favour of the [[Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church]] and after the enactment of new bylaws for the Church in 2002, [[Jacobite Syrian Christian Church]] uses the title "Metropolitan trustee". Present Metropolitan Trustee is [[Gregorios Joseph|Joseph Mor Gregorios]].
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| The [[Mar Thoma Syrian Church]] primate of the church uses the title "Mar Thoma Metropolitan"<ref name=indexp_Oct29>{{cite news|title=Mar Theodosius to be installed as 22nd Mar Thoma Metropolitan on November 14 – New Indian Express|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2020/oct/29/mar-theodosius-to-be-installed-as-22nd-mar-thoma-metropolitan-on-november-14-2216350.html|accessdate=14 November 2020|work=New Indian Express|date=29 October 2020}}</ref><ref name=theHindu_Oct28>{{cite news|title=Theodosius to be new Mar Thoma Metropolitan – The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/theodosius-to-be-new-mar-thoma-metropolitan/article32964265.ece|accessdate=14 November 2020|work=The Hindu|date=28 October 2020}}</ref> since 1894. Present Mar Thoma Metropolitan is [[Theodosius Mar Thoma]].
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| == List of Malankara Methrans and Malankara Metropolitans of Malankara Church ==
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| This is the list of Church heads of the [[Malankara Church]] after [[Coonan Cross Oath]]:
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| *[[Mar Thoma I]] (1653-1670). Four months after the historic [[Coonan Cross Oath]], on 22 May 1653, Thoma Kathanar (Archdecon Thomas) of Pakalomatom Family was consecrated as Bishop with the title "Mar Thoma" by laying hands of 12 priests.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://koonankurishu.net/koonan-kurishu-old-syrian-church/koonan-kurishu-sathyam/amp/|title=Coonan Cross Oath History(Malankara Orthodox Church webite)}}</ref> He is known as 'Mar Thoma I' or 'Valiya Mar Thoma' (Mar Thoma the Great). The rival Catholic faction argued that consecration of Mar Thoma I by 12 priests was canonically irregular and hence the Malankara church sent appeals to various Eastern Christian centers. Finally [[Gregorios Abdal Jaleel|Mor Gregorios Abdul Jaleel]] of Jerusalem reached Malankara in 1665 and regularized the ordination of Mar Thoma I. Mar Thoma I had survived a number of assassination attempts. He died on 25 April 1670 and was interred at [[St Mary's Church, Angamaly]].
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| *[[Mar Thoma II]] (1670–1686). Consecrated by Mar Thoma I and [[Gregorios Abdal Jaleel|Mor Gregorios Abdul Jaleel]]. Died on 14 April 1686 and was interred at [[St. Mary's Church, Niranam]].
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| *[[Mar Thoma III]] (1686–1688). Consecrated by Mar Ivanios Hirudyathulla (from Antioch). Died on 21 April 1688 and was interred at [[St. Thomas Orthodox Cathedral, Kadampanad|St. Thomas Church, Kadampanad]].
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| *[[Mar Thoma IV]] (1688–1728). Consecrated by Mar Ivanios Hirudyathulla. Died on 24 March 1728 and was interred at [[St. Mary's Orthodox Syrian Cathedral, Kandanad|St. Mary's Church, Kandanad]].
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| *[[Mar Thoma V]] (1728–1765). Consecrated by Marthoma IV. Died on 8 May 1765 and was interred at [[St. Mary's Church, Niranam]].
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| *[[Mar Thoma VI]] (Mar Dionysius I) (1765–1808). Consecrated by Marthoma V. In June 1770, he accepted reconsecration from Antiochian bishops in order to avoid a split in the Church and the title ''Dionysius'' was accepted. Marthoma VI did not approve the appointment of Kattumangattu Abraham Mar Coorilos as a metropolitan by a bishop from Antioch. This was the beginning of Malabar Independent Syrian Church. [[Claudius Buchanan]] visited Mar Thoma VI and made arrangement for the translation of the Bible into Malayalam. Mar Thoma VI presented him the Peshitto Bible written in the old Syriac. This manuscript is kept in the public library of the University of Cambridge. Mar Thoma VI died on 8 April 1808 and was interred at [[St. Mary's Orthodox Cathedral, Puthencavu|St. Mary's Church, Puthencavu]].
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| *[[Mar Thoma VII]] (1808–1809) Consecrated by Marthoma VI in 1796. During his time on 1 December 1808, a sum of 3000 Star Pagoda (in 2002 one Star Pagoda coin had a market value of £475) was given as loan in perpetuity to the British resident [[Colonel (United Kingdom)|Colonel]] Macaulay. This is known as ''Vattipanam''. Marthoma VII died on 4 July 1809 and was interred at [[St. Peter and St. Paul's Church, Kolenchery]].
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| *[[Mar Thoma VIII]] (1809–1816). Consecrated on 2 July 1809 by Marthoma VII. During his time Kottayam Suriyani Seminary (later known as Pazhaya Seminary) was opened and modern education began in Kerala. Marthoma VIII died on 26 January 1816 and was interred at [[St. Mary's Orthodox Cathedral, Puthencavu|St. Mary's Church, Puthencavu]]
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| *[[Mar Thoma IX]] (1816–1817). Consecrated by Marthoma VIII without the consent of the people. So he retired to his home parish [[St. George's Church, Kadamattom]] and spent the rest of his days in prayer and fasting. He died in 1817 and was interred at Kadamattom Church.
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| *[[Mar Dionysius II]] (Pulikottil Joseph Mar Dionysius I) (1816-1816). Born as Joseph Ittoop in Pulikkottil family in [[Kunnamkulam]] in 1742 and was ordained as bishop with title Joseph Mar Dionysius by [[Kidangan Geevarghese Mar Philexenos|Geevarghese Mar Philexenos]] of [[Thozhiyur Church]] on 22 March 1815. After the death of Mar Thoma VIII, who ordained his uncle Iype Kathanar as [[Mar Thoma IX]] was forced to abdicate his position and hand over charge to Joseph Mar Dionysius as he was made the supreme head of the Malankara Church by a Royal proclamation issued by the ruler of Travancore and later by the ruler of Cochin. From the time of Joseph Mar Dionysius, the title of Malankara Church head is known as ''Malankara Metropolitan''. As he was the second Bishop with the name ''Dionysius'' in Malankara Church, he is also known as Mar Dionysius II. He died on 24 November 1816 and was interred at [[Pazhaya Seminary|Pazhaya Seminary, Kottayam]]
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| *[[Mar Dionysius III]] (Punnathra Mar Dionysius) (1817–1825). Born as Kurien in Punnathara family in [[Kottayam]] in 1785 and ordained as bishop by [[Kidangan Geevarghese Mar Philexenos|Geevarghese Mar Philexenos]] of [[Thozhiyur Church]] on 19 October 1817. He was pressurised by Angilican missionaries who wanted to reform the Malankara Church. He had to appoint a six-member committee to suggest improvements to be made in the church. He died on 17 May 1825 and was interred at [[Kottayam Cheriapally|St. Mary's Cheriapally, Kottayam]]
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| *[[Mar Dionysius IV]] (Cheppattu Philipose Mar Dionysius) (1825–1852). Born as Philipose in Aanjilimootil family in [[Pallippad]] near [[Cheppad]] in 1781 and was consecrated by [[Kidangan Geevarghese Mar Philexenos|Geevarghese Mar Philexenos]] of [[Thozhiyur Church]]on 27 August 1825. He had to face many obstacles during his reign. The C.M.S missionaries who came from England and their and the Anglican bishop of Calcutta began to interfere in the internal affairs of the Malankara Church. A letter from the bishop of Calcutta in 1835 suggested some changes in administration and liturgical practices of Malankara Church. Dionysius IV convened a meeting of the representatives of the parishes at [[Mavelikara]] on 16 January 1836 and rejected the suggestions of the Anglican Bishop. The meeting at Mavelikara gave official recognition to the Patriarch of Antioch as the Supremacy Administration<ref>[http://www.syriacchristianity.info/StGG/mavelikara__padiyola.htm Mavelikara Padiyola]</ref> of the Malankara Church. Hence, it was at this time Malankara Church came to be referred to as ''Jacobite Church''. Soon the C.M.S. missionaries formed the C.M.S. Church and a minority of Malankara Church members joined in C.M.S. Church.<br /> Even after Malankara Church ended its relationship with C.M.S. missionaries, the teaching of the missionaries influenced a group of church members. Some clergies under the leadership of [[Abraham Malpan|Palakkunnath Abraham Malpan]] urged for a reformation in the Church. Abraham Malpan send his nephew Palakunnathu Deacon Mathews to Antioch without the permission of the Malankara Church and the Malankara Metropolitan. He was consecrated as bishop with the title [[Mathews Mar Athanasius]] by Patriarch of Antioch, [[Ignatius Elias II]] on 17 February 1842. He was the first bishop in Malankara ordained by Patriarch of Antioch. After about a year, in March 1843 Athanasius returned to India. There were objections from among the Malankara Church. They later wrote to Antioch their objections and hence in 1846 the Patriarch of Antioch sent a Metropolitan Mor Kurilos Yuyakkim to Malankara as his delegate. In 1852 Dionysius IV abdicated due to poor health. Both Mor Kurilos Yuyakkim and Mathews Mar Athanasius made the claims for the Malankara Metropolitan title. The King of Travancore appointed a committee of four senior government officers and they decided that a foreign bishop could not be regarded as the Malankara Metropolitan. So the king issued a proclamation in favour of Mathews Mar Athanasius on 30 August 1852. After abdicating, Dionysius IV was bedridden due to ill health and died on 9 October 1855 and was interred at [[St. George Orthodox Church, Cheppad|St. George Church, Cheppad]]
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| *[[Mathews Mar Athanasius]] (1852–1877). During the reign of Mathews Mar Athanasius reformation of the Church gained a momentum. However, the large majority of the people were traditionalist and the reformist party was a small minority. Traditionalist party sent Fr.Joseph (Ouseph Kathanar) of Pulikkottil family to Antioch. He was the nephew of Pulikkottil Joseph Mar Dionysious I ([[Mar Dionysius II]]). He was consecrated as Joseph Mar Dionysius II ([[Mar Dionysius V]]) by Patriarch of Antioch [[Ignatius Yakoob II]] on 7 May 1865.<br /> After reaching Malankara, [[Mar Dionysius V]] had requested to the Government of Travancore, for revoking the Royal Proclamation, issued earlier in favour of Mathews Mar Athanasius. But this appeal was rejected by Government and asked Mar Dionysius V to approach the Royal Court. Mathews Mar Athanasius consecrated elder son of [[Abraham Malpan]] with title [[Thomas Mar Athanasius]] as his successor in 1869. Mathews Mar Athanasius died on 16 July 1877 and was interred at Maramon Church. Litigation between traditionalist and reformist group continued and on 12 July 1889 [[Thomas Mar Athanasius]] was removed from the office by Royal Court and declared [[Mar Dionysius V]] (Pulikkottil Joseph Mar Dionysious II) as the rightful Malankara Metropolitan
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| == List of Malankara Metropolitans of Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church after 1865 following the deposition of Mathews Mar Athanasius ==
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| *[[Mar Dionysius V]] (Pulikkottil Joseph Mar Dionysius II) (1865-1909). )<br /> ▪ entombed at [[Pazhaya Seminary|Pazhaya Seminary, Kottayam]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1883692/ |title= Royal Court Verdict declared Pulikottil Joseph Dionysius as the rightful Malankara Metropolitan. This Verdict is also mentioned in later Supreme Court Verdicts in 1958,1995 and 2017 }}</ref>
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| *[[Mar Dionysius VI]] (Geevarghese Mar Dionysius of Vattasseril) (1909-1934)<br /> ▪ He died on 23 February 1934 and entombed at [[Pazhaya Seminary|Pazhaya Seminary, Kottayam]]
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| *[[Baselios Geevarghese II]] (1934–1964) [[Catholicos of the East and Malankara Metropolitan]] <br /> ▪ He was consecrated as the Catholicos of the East by [[Mar Dionysius VI]] on 15 February 1929. The Malankara Association held at [[Pazhaya Seminary|Pazhaya Seminary, Kottayam]] on 24 December 1934, elected Catholicos Geevarghese II as Malankara Metropolitan by combining offices of [[Catholicos]] and [[Malankara Metropolitan]]. From this time, the spiritual and temporal powers over the Church came to be concentrated in one person.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/107194354/?type=print/|title=In 1958 Supreme Court of India declared Baselios Geevarghese II is the rightful Malankara Metropolitan (Samudayam Suit)}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mosc.in/catholicate/his-holiness-baselios-geevarghese-ii-third-catholicos-of-the-east-in-malankara|title = His Holiness Baselios Geevarghese II, the Third Catholicos of the East in Malankara (1929–1964) |}}</ref> Following the peace pact between Malankara Orthodox and Malankara Jacobite churches in 1958, he led the reunified Malankara Church from 1958. Geevarghese II died on 3 January 1964 and entombed at Catholicate Aramana Chapel, Devalokam, Kottayam.
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| *[[Baselios Augen I]] (1964–1975) [[Catholicos of the East and Malankara Metropolitan]]<br /> ▪ entombed at Catholicate Aramana Chapel, Devalokam, Kottayam.
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| *[[Baselios Mar Thoma Mathews I]] (1975–1991) [[Catholicos of the East and Malankara Metropolitan]]<br /> ▪ entombed at Catholicate Aramana Chapel, Devalokam, Kottayam.
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| *[[Baselios Mar Thoma Mathews II]] (1991–2005) [[Catholicos of the East and Malankara Metropolitan]]<br /> ▪ entombed at [[Mount Horeb Sasthamcotta|Mount Horeb Chappel, Sasthamcotta]]
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| *[[Baselios Thoma Didymos I|Baselios Mar Thoma Didymos I]] (2005–2010) [[Catholicos of the East and Malankara Metropolitan]]<br /> ▪ entombed at [[Mount Tabor Monastery, Pathanapuram]]
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| *[[Paulose II (Indian Orthodox Church)|Baselios Marthoma Paulose II]] (2010–2021) [[Catholicos of the East and Malankara Metropolitan]]
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| **entombed at [[Catholicate Aramana Chapel]], Devalokam, Kottayam.
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| * Baselios Marthoma [[Mathews III (Indian Orthodox Church)]] (2021–present) [[Catholicos of the East and Malankara Metropolitan]]
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| ** Nominated by the Holy Synod and Managing committee on 14 October 2021.Elected by Malankara Syrian Christian Association. Enthroned as the Catholicos of the East and Malankara Metropolitan. Cheif Celebrant was [[Kuriakose Clemis|Kuriakose Mor Cleemis]] on 15 October 2021.
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| ==References==
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| {{Reflist}}
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| [[Category:History of Christianity in India]]
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| [[Category:Lists of Christian religious leaders]]
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| [[Category:Saint Thomas Christians]]
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| [[Category:Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church bishops]]
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| [[Category:Oriental Orthodox bishops]]
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| [[Category:India religion-related lists|Malankara Metropolitans]]
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| [[Category:Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church]]
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| [[Category:Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church saints]]
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| [[Category:Catholicoi of the East and Malankara Metropolitans]]
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