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{{Short description|Pakistani general}}
{{Short description|Pakistani general (1924–2000)}}
{{other people||Iqbal Khan (disambiguation){{!}}Iqbal Khan}}
{{other people||Iqbal Khan (disambiguation){{!}}Iqbal Khan}}
{{Infobox military person
{{Use Pakistani English|date=April 2023}}
| honorific_prefix = [[General (Pakistan)|General]]
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}
| name         = Iqbal Khan
{{Infobox office holder
| honorific_suffix = {{small|[[Nishan-e-Imtiaz|NI(M)]] [[Hilal-i-Imtiaz|HI(M)]] [[Sitara-i-Imtiaz|SI(M)]] [[Sitara-e-Basalat|SBt]]}}
| honorific_prefix   = [[General (Pakistan)|General]]
| image         = General Muhammad Iqbal Khan awarding a trophy to Lt. Col. Hamid Mahmood.jpg
| name               = Muhammad Iqbal Khan
| image_size   = 290px
| honorific_suffix   = {{small|[[Nishan-e-Imtiaz|NI(M)]] [[Hilal-i-Imtiaz|HI(M)]] [[Sitara-i-Imtiaz|SI(M)]] [[Sitara-e-Basalat|SBt]]}}
| caption       = Khan (right) {{c.|1980}}
| image               = General Muhammad Iqbal Khan awarding a trophy to Lt. Col. Hamid Mahmood.jpg
| birth_date   = <!-- {{Birth date|YYYY|MM|DD}} -->
| image_size         = 290px
| death_date   = <!-- {{Death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} -->
| caption             = Khan (right) {{c.|1980}}
| birth_date         = &lt;!-- {{Birth date|YYYY|MM|DD}} --&gt;
| death_date         = &lt;!-- {{Death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} --&gt;
| placeofburial_label =  
| placeofburial_label =  
| placeofburial =  
| placeofburial       =  
| birth_place   = [[Pindi Gheb]]
| birth_place         = [[Pindi Gheb]], Punjab, [[British India]]
| death_place   = [[Rawalpindi]]
| death_place         = [[Rawalpindi]], Punjab, Pakistan
| placeofburial_coordinates = <!-- {{Coord|LAT|LONG|display=inline,title}} -->
| placeofburial_coordinates = &lt;!-- {{Coord|LAT|LONG|display=inline,title}} --&gt;
| nickname     = M.I. Khan
| nickname           = M.I. Khan
| birth_name   = Mohammad Iqbal Khan
| birth_name         = Mohammad Iqbal Khan
| allegiance   = Pakistan
| allegiance         = {{flag|British Raj}} {{small|(1944–1947)}}&lt;br&gt;{{flag|Pakistan}} {{small|(1947–1984)}}
| branch       = [[Pakistan Army]]
| branch             = {{flagicon|British India|army}} [[British Indian Army]]&lt;br/&gt;{{flagicon|Pakistan|army}} [[Pakistan Army]]
| serviceyears = 1944–1984
| serviceyears       = 1944–1984
| rank         = General
| rank               = [[File:OF-9 Pakistan Army.svg|20px]] General
| servicenumber = [[Pakistan Army|PA]] – 2052<ref name="The Gazette of Pakistan, 1978">{{cite book|title=The Gazette of Pakistan|date=1978|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LtJPAQAAMAAJ&q=2052|access-date=6 April 2018|language=en|author1=Pakistan}}</ref>
| unit               = [[Guides Infantry]], [[Frontier Force Regiment|Frontier Force]]
| unit         = [[Guides Infantry]], [[Frontier Force Regiment|Frontier Force]]
| commands           = [[Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee|Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)|Deputy Chief of Army Staff]]&lt;br /&gt;[[V Corps (Pakistan)|V Corps]] in [[Karachi Cantonment|Karachi]]&lt;br /&gt;[[IV Corps (Pakistan)|IV Corps]] in [[Lahore Cantonment|Lahore]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Chief of General Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of General Staff]], [[GHQ (Pakistan Army)|Army GHQ]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Structure of the Pakistan Army|33rd Infantry Division]], [[Quetta Cantonment|Quetta]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Director-General|DG]] [[Military Intelligence of Pakistan|Military Intelligence]] (DG MI)
| commands     = [[Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee|Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff]]<br />[[Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)|Deputy Chief of Army Staff]]<br />[[V Corps (Pakistan)|V Corps]] in [[Karachi Cantonment|Karachi]]<br />[[IV Corps (Pakistan)|IV Corps]] in [[Lahore Cantonment|Lahore]]<br />[[Chief of General Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of General Staff]], [[GHQ (Pakistan Army)|Army GHQ]]<br />[[Structure of the Pakistan Army|33rd Infantry Division]], [[Quetta Cantonment|Quetta]]<br />[[Director-General|DG]] [[Military Intelligence of Pakistan|Military Intelligence]] (DG MI)
| battles             = {{tree list}}
| battles       = [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1947]]<br />[[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]]<br />[[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]]
* [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1947]]
* [[Bangladesh Liberation War]]
* [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]]
* [[Operation Searchlight]]
* [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]]
[[1970s Baloch Insurgency and Rahimuddin's Provincial Stabilization|Baloch insurgency of 1970s]]<br />[[Soviet–Afghan War]]
** [[Bangladesh Liberation War]]
| battles_label =  
** [[Operation Searchlight]]
| awards       = <i>[[File:Nishan-e-Imtiaz.png|40px]]&ensp;{{small|[[Nishan-i-Imtiaz|Nishan-e-Imtiaz (Military)]]}}<br>[[File:Hilal-e-Imtiaz.png|40px]]&ensp;{{small|[[Hilal-i-Imtiaz|Hilal-e-Imtiaz (Military)]]}}<br>[[File:Sitara-e-Imtiaz.png|40px]]&ensp;{{small|[[Sitara-i-Imtiaz|Sitara-e-Imtiaz (Military)]]}}<br>[[File:Sitara-e-Basalat.png|40px]]&ensp;{{small|[[Sitara-i-Basalat|Sitara-e-Basalat]]}}
* [[1970s Baloch Insurgency and Rahimuddin's Provincial Stabilization|Fourth Balochistan Conflict]]
| relations     =  
* [[Soviet–Afghan War]]
| laterwork     =  
{{tree list/end}}
| battles_label       =  
| awards             = &lt;i&gt;[[File:Nishan-e-Imtiaz.png|40px]] {{small|[[Nishan-i-Imtiaz|Nishan-e-Imtiaz (Military)]]}}&lt;br&gt;[[File:Hilal-e-Imtiaz.png|40px]] {{small|[[Hilal-i-Imtiaz|Hilal-e-Imtiaz (Military)]]}}&lt;br&gt;[[File:Sitara-e-Imtiaz.png|40px]] {{small|[[Sitara-i-Imtiaz|Sitara-e-Imtiaz (Military)]]}}&lt;br&gt;[[File:Sitara-e-Basalat.png|40px]] {{small|[[Sitara-i-Basalat|Sitara-e-Basalat]]}}&lt;/i&gt;
| relations           =  
| laterwork           =
| service number      =
| office              = 3rd [[Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee]]
| succeeded          = [[General (Pakistan)|General]] [[Rahimuddin Khan]]
| preceded            = [[Admiral (Pakistan)|Admiral]] [[Mohammad Shariff]]
| term_start          = 13 April 1980
| term_end            = 22 March 1984
}}
}}


'''Mohammad Iqbal Khan''' {{small|{{small|[[Nishan-e-Imtiaz|NI(M)]] [[Hilal-i-Imtiaz|HI(M)]] [[Sitara-i-Imtiaz|SI(M)]] [[Sitara-e-Basalat|SBt]]}}}} ({{lang-ur|{{Nastaliq|اقبال خان{{popdf}}}}}}) was a senior general in the [[Pakistan Army]] who served as the third [[Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee (Pakistan)|Chairman]] [[Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee]] from being appointed in 1980 until 1984.<ref name="The News International, 2013">{{cite news|last1=Top Story|first1=et.all.|title=CJCSC office in Pakistan and the world over|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/archive/print/633545-cjcsc-office-in-pakistan-and-the-world-over|access-date=6 April 2018|work=The News International|date=8 October 2013|location=Islamabad|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Military College Jhelum" />
'''Mohammad Iqbal Khan''' {{small|{{small|[[Nishan-e-Imtiaz|NI(M)]] [[Hilal-i-Imtiaz|HI(M)]] [[Sitara-i-Imtiaz|SI(M)]] [[Sitara-e-Basalat|SBt]]}}}} ({{langx|ur|{{Nastaliq|اقبال خان{{popdf}}}}}}; 1924–2000) was a four-star general in the [[Pakistan Army]] who served as the third [[Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee]] from 1980 to 1984.&lt;ref name="The News International, 2013"&gt;{{cite news|title=CJCSC office in Pakistan and the world over|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/archive/print/633545-cjcsc-office-in-pakistan-and-the-world-over|access-date=6 April 2018|work=The News International|date=8 October 2013|location=Islamabad|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name="Military College Jhelum" /&gt;


==Biography==
==Biography==
Mohammad Iqbal Khan was educated and graduated from the [[Military College Jhelum|Military College]] in [[Jhelum]] and was [[Commissioned officer|commissioned]] in the [[British Indian Army]] in 1944.<ref name="Military College Jhelum">{{cite web|title=Honours of MCJ|url=http://militarycollege.edu.pk/new/honours-of-mcj/|publisher=Military College Jhelum|access-date=6 April 2018}}</ref> He joined the [[Guides Infantry]] in the [[Frontier Force Regiment|2nd Frontier Force Regiment]] as [[Second lieutenant|2nd-Lt.]] and later serving in the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1947|first war]] with India on [[Kashmir dispute|Kashmir front]] in 1947.<ref name="Military College Jhelum"/><ref name="Manto">A.H. Amin. [http://www.defencejournal.com/2002/february/manto.htm "Interview with Brig (retd) Shamim Yasin Manto"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130503043659/http://www.defencejournal.com/2002/february/manto.htm |date=2013-05-03}} ''Defence Journal'', February 2002</ref>
Mohammad Iqbal Khan was educated and graduated from the [[Military College Jhelum|Military College]] in [[Jhelum]] and was [[Commissioned officer|commissioned]] in the [[British Indian Army]] in 1944.&lt;ref name="Military College Jhelum"&gt;{{cite web|title=Honours of MCJ|url=https://militarycollege.edu.pk/new/honours-of-mcj/|publisher=Military College Jhelum|access-date=6 April 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; He joined the [[Guides Infantry]] in the [[Frontier Force Regiment|2nd Frontier Force Regiment]] as [[Second lieutenant|2nd-Lt.]] and later serving in the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1947|first war]] with India on [[Kashmir dispute|Kashmir front]] in 1947.&lt;ref name="Military College Jhelum"/&gt;&lt;ref name="Manto"&gt;A.H. Amin. [http://www.defencejournal.com/2002/february/manto.htm "Interview with Brig (retd) Shamim Yasin Manto"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130503043659/http://www.defencejournal.com/2002/february/manto.htm |date=2013-05-03}} ''Defence Journal'', February 2002&lt;/ref&gt;


After participating in [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965|second war]] with India in 1965, [[Brigadier (United Kingdom)|Brigadier]] Iqbal was appointed as the [[Director General|Director-General]] of the [[Military Intelligence of Pakistan|Military Intelligence]] in 1969, and was politically involved in supporting the [[Pakistan Peoples Party]] (PPP) against the [[Awami League]].{{rp|50}}<ref name="Oxford university press, Siddiqi 2004">{{cite book|last1=Siddiqi|first1=brigadier Abdul Rahman|title=East Pakistan, the endgame : an onlooker's journal, 1969-1971|date=2004|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Karachi|isbn=9780195799934|pages=260}}</ref> Eventually, [[Brigadier (United Kingdom)|Brig.]] Iqbal held the responsibility of [[Military Intelligence of Pakistan|Military Intelligence]] in 1971.<ref>Hamid Hussain. [http://www.defencejournal.com/2002/dec/demons.htm "Demons of December"] ''Defence Journal'', 2002 December</ref>
After participating in [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965|Second war]] with India in 1965, [[Brigadier (United Kingdom)|Brigadier]] Iqbal was appointed as the [[Director General|Director-General]] of the [[Military Intelligence of Pakistan|Military Intelligence]] in 1969, and was politically involved in supporting the [[Pakistan Peoples Party]] (PPP) against the [[Awami League]].{{rp|50}}&lt;ref name="Oxford university press, Siddiqi 2004"&gt;{{cite book|last1=Siddiqi|first1=brigadier Abdul Rahman|title=East Pakistan, the endgame : an onlooker's journal, 1969-1971|date=2004|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Karachi|isbn=9780195799934|pages=260}}&lt;/ref&gt; Eventually, [[Brigadier (United Kingdom)|Brig.]] Iqbal held the responsibility of [[Military Intelligence of Pakistan|Military Intelligence]] in 1971.&lt;ref&gt;Hamid Hussain. [http://www.defencejournal.com/2002/dec/demons.htm "Demons of December"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609122558/http://www.defencejournal.com/2002/dec/demons.htm |date=2011-06-09 }} ''Defence Journal'', 2002 December&lt;/ref&gt;


In 1971–73, [[Major-General]] Iqbal held the command of the [[Structure of the Pakistan Army|33rd Infantry Division]] in [[Quetta Cantonment|Quetta]] as its [[General officer commanding|GOC]], and oversaw the [[1970s Baloch Insurgency and Rahimuddin's Provincial Stabilization|military operations]] against the armed [[Baloch Insurgency|insurgency groups]] in [[Balochistan, Pakistan|Balochistan]] in Pakistan.<ref name="The Daily Star, Maj. Sehgal, 2007">{{cite news|last1=Sehgal|first1=Maj. Ikram|author-link1=Ikram Sehgal|title=Learning from experience|url=http://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-1139|access-date=6 April 2018|work=The Daily Star|date=23 August 2007|location=Islamabad|language=en-pak}}</ref>
In 1971–73, [[Major-General]] Iqbal held the command of the [[Structure of the Pakistan Army|33rd Infantry Division]] in [[Quetta Cantonment|Quetta]] as its [[General officer commanding|GOC]], and oversaw the [[1970s Baloch Insurgency and Rahimuddin's Provincial Stabilization|military operations]] against the armed [[Baloch Insurgency|insurgency groups]] in [[Balochistan, Pakistan|Balochistan]] in Pakistan.&lt;ref name="The Daily Star, Maj. Sehgal, 2007"&gt;{{cite news|last1=Sehgal|first1=Maj. Ikram|author-link1=Ikram Sehgal|title=Learning from experience|url=http://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-1139|access-date=6 April 2018|work=The Daily Star|date=23 August 2007|location=Islamabad|language=en-pak}}&lt;/ref&gt;


In 1974, Maj-Gen. Iqbal was posted as [[Chief of General Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of General Staff (CGS)]] under [[Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Army Staff]] General [[Tikka Khan]] at the [[GHQ (Pakistan Army)|Army GHQ]] in [[Rawalpindi Cantonment|Rawalpindi]] which he served until 1976.<ref>A.H. Amin [http://www.defencejournal.com/2001/september/tajammal.htm "Remembering Our Warriors: Maj Gen (Retd) Tajammal Hussain Malik"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303165516/http://www.defencejournal.com/2001/september/tajammal.htm |date=2016-03-03}} ''Defence Journal'', September 2001</ref> In 1976, Maj-Gen. Iqbal was promoted to the [[Three-star rank|three-star]] rank army general and was posted as field commander of the [[IV Corps (Pakistan)|IV Corps]] based in [[Lahore Cantonment|Lahore]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Remembering Our Warriors|url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:VJlLaaz6cckJ:https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Agha_Amin/publication/319664998_Brigadier_Shamim_Yasin_Manto-Interview/links/59b8da2da6fdcc68722d5838/Brigadier-Shamim-Yasin-Manto-Interview+&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us|website=webcache.googleusercontent.com|access-date=6 April 2018}}</ref>
In 1974, [[Major general|Major General]] Iqbal was posted as [[Chief of General Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of General Staff (CGS)]] under [[Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Army Staff]] General [[Tikka Khan]] at the [[GHQ (Pakistan Army)|Army GHQ]] in [[Rawalpindi Cantonment|Rawalpindi]] which he served until 1976.&lt;ref&gt;A.H. Amin [http://www.defencejournal.com/2001/september/tajammal.htm "Remembering Our Warriors: Maj Gen (Retd) Tajammal Hussain Malik"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303165516/http://www.defencejournal.com/2001/september/tajammal.htm |date=2016-03-03}} ''Defence Journal'', September 2001&lt;/ref&gt; In 1976, Maj-Gen. Iqbal was promoted to the [[Three-star rank|three-star]] rank army general and was posted as field commander of the [[IV Corps (Pakistan)|IV Corps]] based in [[Lahore Cantonment|Lahore]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Remembering Our Warriors|url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Agha_Amin/publication/319664998_Brigadier_Shamim_Yasin_Manto-Interview/links/59b8da2da6fdcc68722d5838/Brigadier-Shamim-Yasin-Manto-Interview|website=www.researchgate.net|access-date=6 April 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;


In 1977, [[Lieutenant-General]] Iqbal took over the control of the [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]] in Pakistan as its [[martial law administrator]] when [[Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Army Staff]] Gen. [[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq|Zia-ul-Haq]] imposed the [[1977 Pakistani coup d'état|martial law]] against the [[Government of Pakistan|civilian government]] on 5 July 1977.{{rp|194}}<ref name="Routledge, Norman, 2013">{{cite book|last1=Norman|first1=Omar|title=Pakistan:Political and Economics History since 1947|date=2013|publisher=Routledge |location=New York [u.s.]|isbn=9781136143946|pages=225|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BfKzAAAAQBAJ&dq=Iqbal+Khan+martial+law&pg=PA194|access-date=6 April 2018|language=en-us|format=google books|chapter={{small|(§Ethnic Conflict)}}}}</ref> [[Lieutenant-General|Lt-Gen.]] Iqbal was later rotated when Lt-Gen. [[Sawar Khan]] took command of the IV Corps, and appointed as the field commander of the [[V Corps (Pakistan)|V Corps]] and served as the [[martial law administrator]] of [[Sindh]] in Pakistan.<ref>Rizwan Hussain. [https://books.google.com/books?id=TRW_M_xybyYC&pg=PA97&lpg=PA97&dq=x+corps+rawalpindi&source=web&ots=6eYZCeRyaH&sig=ymmhRi4nuxjr00Sp3yiaamd1oXI&hl=en ''Pakistan and the Emergence of Islamic Militancy in Afghanistan''] Ashgate Publishing, 2005, {{ISBN|0-7546-4434-0}}</ref>
In 1977, [[Lieutenant-General]] Iqbal took over the control of the [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]] in Pakistan as its [[martial law administrator]] when [[Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Army Staff]] Gen. [[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq|Zia-ul-Haq]] imposed the [[1977 Pakistani coup d'état|martial law]] against the [[Government of Pakistan|civilian government]] on 5 July 1977.{{rp|194}}&lt;ref name="Routledge, Norman, 2013"&gt;{{cite book|last1=Norman|first1=Omar|title=Pakistan:Political and Economics History since 1947|date=2013|publisher=Routledge |location=New York [u.s.]|isbn=9781136143946|pages=225|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BfKzAAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=Iqbal+Khan+martial+law&amp;pg=PA194|access-date=6 April 2018|language=en-us|format=google books|chapter={{small|(§Ethnic Conflict)}}}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Lieutenant-General|Lt-Gen.]] Iqbal was later rotated when Lt-Gen. [[Sawar Khan]] took command of the IV Corps, and appointed as the field commander of the [[V Corps (Pakistan)|V Corps]] and served as the [[martial law administrator]] of [[Sindh]] in Pakistan.&lt;ref&gt;Rizwan Hussain. [https://books.google.com/books?id=TRW_M_xybyYC&amp;dq=x+corps+rawalpindi&amp;pg=PA97 ''Pakistan and the Emergence of Islamic Militancy in Afghanistan''] Ashgate Publishing, 2005, {{ISBN|0-7546-4434-0}}&lt;/ref&gt;


In 1978, Lt-Gen. Iqbal was again posted at the [[GHQ (Pakistan Army)|Army GHQ]] in [[Rawalpindi Cantonment|Rawalpindi]] when he was appointed as the [[Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)|Deputy Chief of Army Staff]] (DCOAS) under President [[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq|Zia-ul-Haq]].{{rp|430}}<ref name="Zia 1988">"Pakistan under Zia, 1977–1988" by Shahid Javed Burki ''Asian Survey'', Vol. 28, No. 10 (October, 1988), pp. 1082–1100</ref> During this time, he was appointed as the [[Colonel Commandant]] of the [[Frontier Force Regiment]], which he served until his retirement in 1984.<ref name="The Gazette of Pakistan, 1978" />
In 1978, Lt-Gen. Iqbal was again posted at the [[GHQ (Pakistan Army)|Army GHQ]] in [[Rawalpindi Cantonment|Rawalpindi]] when he was appointed as the [[Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)|Deputy Chief of Army Staff]] (DCOAS) under President [[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq|Zia-ul-Haq]].{{rp|430}}&lt;ref name="Zia 1988"&gt;"Pakistan under Zia, 1977–1988" by Shahid Javed Burki ''Asian Survey'', Vol. 28, No. 10 (October, 1988), pp. 1082–1100&lt;/ref&gt; During this time, he was appointed as the [[Colonel Commandant]] of the [[Frontier Force Regiment]], which he served until his retirement in 1984.&lt;ref name="The Gazette of Pakistan, 1978"&gt;{{cite book|title=The Gazette of Pakistan|date=1978|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LtJPAQAAMAAJ&amp;q=2052|access-date=6 April 2018|language=en|author1=Pakistan}}&lt;/ref&gt;


==Chairman Joint chiefs (1980–1984)==
==Chairman Joint chiefs (1980–1984)==
In 1980, Lt-Gen. Iqbal, who at that time was the senior military officer in the military, was promoted to the [[Four-star rank|four-star]] rank and appointed as the [[Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee (Pakistan)|Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee]].{{rp|156}}<ref name="Zia 1988" />
In 1980, Lt-Gen. Iqbal, who at that time was the senior military officer in the military, was promoted to the [[Four-star rank|four-star]] rank and appointed as the [[Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee (Pakistan)|Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee]].{{rp|156}}&lt;ref name="Zia 1988" /&gt;


In 1980, Gen. Iqbal played a crucial role in [[Operation Cyclone|maintaining]] of the [[Afghan Arabs]] in the country and supported the [[Anti-Soviet agitation|anti-Russian]] agitation when Soviet Union [[Soviet–Afghan War|intervened]] in [[Afghanistan]].{{rp|contents}}<ref name="Routledge, Hilali, 2017">{{cite book|last1=Hilali|first1=A. Z.|title=US-Pakistan Relationship: Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan|date=2017|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781351876223|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WEErDwAAQBAJ&dq=general++Iqbal+Khan+appointed+chairman+joint&pg=PT132|access-date=6 April 2018|language=en}}</ref> Gen. iqbal eventually and coordinated the national security meetings concerning the [[ISI in Afghanistan|covert efforts]] in [[Afghanistan]].{{rp|contents}}<ref name="Routledge, Hilali, 2017"/>{{rp|viii}}<ref>{{cite book|last1=Matinuddin|first1=Kamal|title=Power struggle in the Hindu Kush: Afghanistan, 1978-1991|date=1991|publisher=Wajidalis|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ueVtAAAAMAAJ&q=pertinent+|access-date=6 April 2018|language=en}}</ref> In 1984, Gen. Iqbal completed his four-year term and eventually retired from the military.<ref name="The News International, 2013" />
In 1980, Gen. Iqbal played a crucial role in [[Operation Cyclone|maintaining]] of the [[Afghan Arabs]] in the country and supported the [[Anti-Soviet agitation|anti-Russian]] agitation when Soviet Union [[Soviet–Afghan War|intervened]] in [[Afghanistan]].{{rp|contents}}&lt;ref name="Routledge, Hilali, 2017"&gt;{{cite book|last1=Hilali|first1=A. Z.|title=US-Pakistan Relationship: Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan|date=2017|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781351876223|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WEErDwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=general++Iqbal+Khan+appointed+chairman+joint&amp;pg=PT132|access-date=6 April 2018|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gen. iqbal eventually and coordinated the national security meetings concerning the [[ISI in Afghanistan|covert efforts]] in [[Afghanistan]].{{rp|contents}}&lt;ref name="Routledge, Hilali, 2017"/&gt;{{rp|viii}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Matinuddin|first1=Kamal|title=Power struggle in the Hindu Kush: Afghanistan, 1978-1991|date=1991|publisher=Wajidalis|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ueVtAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=pertinent+|access-date=6 April 2018|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 1984, Gen. Iqbal completed his four-year term and eventually retired from the military.&lt;ref name="The News International, 2013" /&gt;


== Awards and Decorations ==
== Awards and decorations ==
{| style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"
{| style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"
|
|
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|-
|-
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Tamgha-e-Jang 1971 War.png|width=130}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Tamgha-e-Jang 1971 War.png|width=130}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award‐star|ribbon=Pakistan Independence Medal 1947.png|width=130}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Pakistan Independence Medal 1947.png|width=130}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Tamgha-e-Sad Saala Jashan-e-Wiladat-e-Quaid-e-Azam.png|width=130}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Tamgha-e-Sad Saala Jashan-e-Wiladat-e-Quaid-e-Azam.png|width=130}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Republic Medal 1956 (Pakistan).png|width=130}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Republic Medal 1956 (Pakistan).png|width=130}}
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'''''('''100th Birth Anniversary of''
'''''('''100th Birth Anniversary of''
''[[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]])''
''[[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]])''


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|'''[[War Medal 1939-1945]]'''
|'''[[War Medal 1939-1945]]'''
|'''[[United Nations]]'''  
|'''[[United Nations]]'''  
'''[[United Nations Operation in the Congo|UN UNOC 1 Medal]]'''  
'''[[United Nations Operation in the Congo|UN UNOC 1 Medal]]'''


''(Congo Clasp)''
''(Congo Clasp)''
|}
|}
=== Foreign Decorations ===
=== Foreign Decorations ===
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
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[[Category:Year of death missing]]
[[Category:Year of death missing]]
[[Category:People from Rawalpindi District]]
[[Category:People from Rawalpindi District]]
[[Category:Punjabi people]]
[[Category:British Indian Army officers]]
[[Category:British Indian Army officers]]
[[Category:Frontier Force Regiment officers]]
[[Category:Frontier Force Regiment officers]]
[[Category:Indian military personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:Indian Army personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:Pakistani generals]]
[[Category:Chiefs of the General Staff (Pakistan)]]
[[Category:Pakistani military personnel of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]]
[[Category:Pakistani military personnel of the India–Pakistan war of 1971]]
[[Category:Governors of Punjab, Pakistan]]
[[Category:Governors of Punjab, Pakistan]]
[[Category:Military government of Pakistan (1977–1988)]]
[[Category:Military government of Pakistan (1977–1988)]]

Revision as of 12:26, 19 March 2026


For other people with the same name, see Iqbal Khan.

General
Muhammad Iqbal Khan
NI(M) HI(M) SI(M) SBt
Khan (right) c. 1980
3rd Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee
In office
13 April 1980 – 22 March 1984
Preceded byAdmiral Mohammad Shariff
Succeeded byGeneral Rahimuddin Khan
Personal details
Born
Mohammad Iqbal Khan

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Pindi Gheb, Punjab, British India
Died<!-- Error: Need valid death date (first date): year, month, day -->
Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan
Awards<i> Nishan-e-Imtiaz (Military)<br> Hilal-e-Imtiaz (Military)<br> Sitara-e-Imtiaz (Military)<br> Sitara-e-Basalat</i>
Nickname(s)M.I. Khan
Military service
Allegiance British Raj (1944–1947)<br> Pakistan (1947–1984)
Branch/serviceBritish Raj British Indian Army<br/>Pakistan Pakistan Army
Years of service1944–1984
Rank General
UnitGuides Infantry, Frontier Force
CommandsChairman Joint Chiefs of Staff<br />Deputy Chief of Army Staff<br />V Corps in Karachi<br />IV Corps in Lahore<br />Chief of General Staff, Army GHQ<br />33rd Infantry Division, Quetta<br />DG Military Intelligence (DG MI)
Battles/wars

Mohammad Iqbal Khan NI(M) HI(M) SI(M) SBt (Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.; 1924–2000) was a four-star general in the Pakistan Army who served as the third Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee from 1980 to 1984.<ref name="The News International, 2013">"CJCSC office in Pakistan and the world over". The News International. Islamabad. 8 October 2013. Retrieved 6 April 2018.</ref><ref name="Military College Jhelum" />

Biography

Mohammad Iqbal Khan was educated and graduated from the Military College in Jhelum and was commissioned in the British Indian Army in 1944.<ref name="Military College Jhelum">"Honours of MCJ". Military College Jhelum. Retrieved 6 April 2018.</ref> He joined the Guides Infantry in the 2nd Frontier Force Regiment as 2nd-Lt. and later serving in the first war with India on Kashmir front in 1947.<ref name="Military College Jhelum"/><ref name="Manto">A.H. Amin. "Interview with Brig (retd) Shamim Yasin Manto" Archived 2013-05-03 at the Wayback Machine Defence Journal, February 2002</ref>

After participating in Second war with India in 1965, Brigadier Iqbal was appointed as the Director-General of the Military Intelligence in 1969, and was politically involved in supporting the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) against the Awami League.:50<ref name="Oxford university press, Siddiqi 2004">Siddiqi, brigadier Abdul Rahman (2004). East Pakistan, the endgame : an onlooker's journal, 1969-1971. Karachi: Oxford University Press. p. 260. ISBN 9780195799934.</ref> Eventually, Brig. Iqbal held the responsibility of Military Intelligence in 1971.<ref>Hamid Hussain. "Demons of December" Archived 2011-06-09 at the Wayback Machine Defence Journal, 2002 December</ref>

In 1971–73, Major-General Iqbal held the command of the 33rd Infantry Division in Quetta as its GOC, and oversaw the military operations against the armed insurgency groups in Balochistan in Pakistan.<ref name="The Daily Star, Maj. Sehgal, 2007">Sehgal, Maj. Ikram (23 August 2007). "Learning from experience". The Daily Star. Islamabad. Retrieved 6 April 2018.</ref>

In 1974, Major General Iqbal was posted as Chief of General Staff (CGS) under Chief of Army Staff General Tikka Khan at the Army GHQ in Rawalpindi which he served until 1976.<ref>A.H. Amin "Remembering Our Warriors: Maj Gen (Retd) Tajammal Hussain Malik" Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine Defence Journal, September 2001</ref> In 1976, Maj-Gen. Iqbal was promoted to the three-star rank army general and was posted as field commander of the IV Corps based in Lahore.<ref>"Remembering Our Warriors". www.researchgate.net. Retrieved 6 April 2018.</ref>

In 1977, Lieutenant-General Iqbal took over the control of the Punjab in Pakistan as its martial law administrator when Chief of Army Staff Gen. Zia-ul-Haq imposed the martial law against the civilian government on 5 July 1977.:194<ref name="Routledge, Norman, 2013">Norman, Omar (2013). "(§Ethnic Conflict)". Pakistan:Political and Economics History since 1947 (google books). New York [u.s.]: Routledge. p. 225. ISBN 9781136143946. Retrieved 6 April 2018.</ref> Lt-Gen. Iqbal was later rotated when Lt-Gen. Sawar Khan took command of the IV Corps, and appointed as the field commander of the V Corps and served as the martial law administrator of Sindh in Pakistan.<ref>Rizwan Hussain. Pakistan and the Emergence of Islamic Militancy in Afghanistan Ashgate Publishing, 2005, ISBN 0-7546-4434-0</ref>

In 1978, Lt-Gen. Iqbal was again posted at the Army GHQ in Rawalpindi when he was appointed as the Deputy Chief of Army Staff (DCOAS) under President Zia-ul-Haq.:430<ref name="Zia 1988">"Pakistan under Zia, 1977–1988" by Shahid Javed Burki Asian Survey, Vol. 28, No. 10 (October, 1988), pp. 1082–1100</ref> During this time, he was appointed as the Colonel Commandant of the Frontier Force Regiment, which he served until his retirement in 1984.<ref name="The Gazette of Pakistan, 1978">Pakistan (1978). The Gazette of Pakistan. Retrieved 6 April 2018.</ref>

Chairman Joint chiefs (1980–1984)

In 1980, Lt-Gen. Iqbal, who at that time was the senior military officer in the military, was promoted to the four-star rank and appointed as the Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee.:156<ref name="Zia 1988" />

In 1980, Gen. Iqbal played a crucial role in maintaining of the Afghan Arabs in the country and supported the anti-Russian agitation when Soviet Union intervened in Afghanistan.:contents<ref name="Routledge, Hilali, 2017">Hilali, A. Z. (2017). US-Pakistan Relationship: Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan. Routledge. ISBN 9781351876223. Retrieved 6 April 2018.</ref> Gen. iqbal eventually and coordinated the national security meetings concerning the covert efforts in Afghanistan.:contents<ref name="Routledge, Hilali, 2017"/>:viii<ref>Matinuddin, Kamal (1991). Power struggle in the Hindu Kush: Afghanistan, 1978-1991. Wajidalis. Retrieved 6 April 2018.</ref> In 1984, Gen. Iqbal completed his four-year term and eventually retired from the military.<ref name="The News International, 2013" />

Awards and decorations

Template:Ribbon devices/alt Template:Ribbon devices/alt
Template:Ribbon devices/alt Template:Ribbon devices/alt Template:Ribbon devices/alt Template:Ribbon devices/alt
Template:Ribbon devices/alt Template:Ribbon devices/alt Template:Ribbon devices/alt Template:Ribbon devices/alt
Template:Ribbon devices/alt Template:Ribbon devices/alt Template:Ribbon devices/alt Template:Ribbon devices/alt
Nishan-e-Imtiaz

(Military)

(Order of Excellence)

Hilal-e-Imtiaz

(Military)

(Crescent of Excellence)

Sitara-e-Imtiaz

(Military)

(Star of Excellence)

Sitara-e-Basalat

(Star of Good Conduct)

Tamgha-e-Diffa

(General Service Medal)

Tamgha-e-Jang 1965 War

(War Medal 1965)

Tamgha-e-Jang 1971 War

(War Medal 1971)

Pakistan Tamgha

(Pakistan Independence Medal)

1947

Tamgha-e-Sad Saala Jashan-e-

Wiladat-e-Quaid-e-Azam

(100th Birth Anniversary of Muhammad Ali Jinnah)

1976

Tamgha-e-Jamhuria

(Republic Commemoration Medal)

1956

Hijri Tamgha

(Hijri Medal)

1979

Order of Military Merit

(Jordan)

War Medal 1939-1945 United Nations

UN UNOC 1 Medal

(Congo Clasp)

Foreign Decorations

Foreign Awards
 Jordan The Order of Military Merit Template:Ribbon devices/alt
 UK War Medal 1939-1945 Template:Ribbon devices/alt
Template:Country data UN UN UNOC 1 Medal Template:Ribbon devices/alt

References

Military offices
Preceded by
M. Rahim Khan 		Chief of General Staff
1974–1976 		Succeeded by
Abdullah Malik
Preceded by
Mohammad Shariff 		Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee
1980–1984 		Succeeded by
Rahimuddin Khan

Template:CJCSC Pakistan Template:Pakistan Army template

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