Lameta Formation

Template:Infobox Rockunit

The Lameta Formation, also known as the Infratrappean Beds (not to be confused with the contemporaneous Intertrappean Beds), is a sedimentary geological formation found in Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Telangana, and Andhra Pradesh, India, associated with the Deccan Traps.<ref name=":7">Wilson Mantilla, Gregory P.; Renne, Paul R.; Samant, Bandana; Mohabey, Dhananjay M.; Dhobale, Anup; Tholt, Andrew J.; Tobin, Thomas S.; Widdowson, Mike; Anantharaman, S.; Dassarma, Dilip Chandra; Wilson Mantilla, Jeffrey A. (2022-04-01). "New mammals from the Naskal intertrappean site and the age of India's earliest eutherians". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 591 110857. Bibcode:2022PPP...59110857W. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2022.110857. ISSN 0031-0182.</ref> It is of the Maastrichtian age (Late Cretaceous), and is notable for its dinosaur fossils.

History

The first fossils found in the Lameta Formation were discovered between 1917 and 1919.<ref name="Huene & Matley 1933">F. v. Huene and C. A. Matley, (1933), "The Cretaceous Saurischia and Ornithischia of the Central Provinces of India", Palaeontologica Indica (New Series), Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India 21(1): 1-74</ref>

The Lameta Formation was first identified in 1981 by geologists working for the Geological Survey of India (GSI), G. N. Dwivedi and Dhananjay Mahendrakumar Mohabey, after being given limestone structures–later recognised as dinosaur eggs–by workers of the ACC Cement Quarry in the village of Rahioli near the city Balasinor in the Gujarat state of western India.<ref name="description">Wilson, J. A.; Sereno, P. C.; Srivastava, S.; Bhatt, D. K.; Khosla, A.; Sahni, A. (2003). "A new abelisaurid (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Lameta Formation (Cretaceous, Maastrichtian) of India" (PDF). Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology University of Michigan. 31 (1): 1–42.</ref>

Lithology

Paleoart of the Deccan trap illustrating the paleoenvironment of Lameta formation

The formation is underlain by the Lower Cretaceous sedimentary "Upper Gondwana Sequence" also known as the Jabalpur Formation, and is overlain by the Deccan Traps basalt. The Lameta Formation is only exposed at the surface as small isolated outcrops associated with the Satpura Fault. The lithology of the formation, depending on the outcrop, consists of alternating clay, siltstone and sandstone facies, deposited in fluvial and lacustrine conditions. The environment at the time of deposition has alternatively been considered semi-arid, or tropical humid.<ref>Srivastava, Ashok K.; Mankar, Rupesh S. (January 2015). "Lithofacies architecture and depositional environment of Late Cretaceous Lameta Formation, central India". Arabian Journal of Geosciences. 8 (1): 207–226. Bibcode:2015ArJG....8..207S. doi:10.1007/s12517-013-1192-y. ISSN 1866-7511. S2CID 67851941.</ref><ref>Kumari, Anjali; Singh, Seema; Khosla, Ashu (January 2021). "Palaeosols and palaeoclimate reconstruction of the Maastrichtian Lameta Formation, Central India". Cretaceous Research. 117 104632. Bibcode:2021CrRes.11704632K. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104632. S2CID 224946979.</ref>

Fossil content

Many dubious names have been created for isolated bones, but several genera of dinosaurs from these rocks are well-supported, including the titanosaur sauropods Isisaurus and Jainosaurus and the Abelisaurs Indosaurus, Indosuchus, and Rajasaurus and the Noasaurids Laevisuchus and ‘’Jubbulpuria’’..<ref name="DBWetal04">Weishampel et al., 2004, pp.517-606</ref> Synapsids are also known form the formation, such as the possibly late surviving Avashishta,possibly the last known non- mammalian synapsid the possibly youngest known stegosaurian ichnogenus Deltapodus, madtsoiid snakes and other fossils.

Dinosaurs

Dinosaurs of Lameta Formation in which a group of Rajasaurus (Middle) hunting an Isisaurus (Middle) with an Indosuchus (bottom left) watching it with her chicks and a Laevisuchus (Bottom right) running with two Jainosaurus (Top Left) in the background

Ornithischians

Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Ankylosauria?	Indeterminate	Rahioli		Isolated vertebrae, scapulocoracoid, humerus, femur, and several armor fragments such as hollow lateral spikes and solid dorsal scutes.<ref>Chatterjee, Sankar (2020), Prasad, Guntupalli V.R.; Patnaik, Rajeev (eds.), "The Age of Dinosaurs in the Land of Gonds", Biological Consequences of Plate Tectonics: New Perspectives on Post-Gondwana Break-up–A Tribute to Ashok Sahni, Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 181–226, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-49753-8_8, ISBN 978-3-030-49753-8{{citation}}: CS1 maint: work parameter with ISBN (link)</ref>	Described as a nodosaurid, but the limb bones are titanosaurian.<ref name=":3">Rozadilla, Sebastián; Agnolín, Federico; Manabe, Makoto; Tsuihiji, Takanobu; Novas, Fernando E. (2021-09-01). "Ornithischian remains from the Chorrillo Formation (Upper Cretaceous), southern Patagonia, Argentina, and their implications on ornithischian paleobiogeography in the Southern Hemisphere". Cretaceous Research. 125 104881. Bibcode:2021CrRes.12504881R. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2021.104881. ISSN 0195-6671.</ref>
Brachypodosaurus	B. gravis	Chota Simla Hill		"Humerus."<ref name="table-17-1-367">"Table 17.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 367.</ref>	May not be dinosaurian
Ceratopsia?	Indeterminate	Kheda		Horncore base.	Originally described as a ceratopsian horncore,<ref>Dwivedi, G. N.; Ghevariya, Z. G. (1984). "Discovery of Dinosaurian Horncore from the Infra-Trappean Rocks of Kheda District, Gujarat". Current Science. 53 (21): 1148–1150. ISSN 0011-3891. JSTOR 24092279.</ref> but likely represents a theropod limb element or a dorsal rib of a theropod or a titanosauriform.<ref>Lamanna, Matthew C.; Smith, Joshua B.; Attia, Yousry S.; Dodson, Peter (2004). "From Dinosaurs to Dyrosaurids (Crocodyliformes): Removal of the Post-Cenomanian (Late Cretaceous) Record of Ornithischia from Africa". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 24 (3): 764–768. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2004)024[0764:FDTDCR]2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0272-4634. JSTOR 4524765.</ref>
Deltapodus<ref>Galton, Peter M.; Ayyasami, Krishnan (2017-07-01). "Purported latest bone of a plated dinosaur (Ornithischia: Stegosauria), a "dermal plate" from the Maastrichtian (Upper Cretaceous) of southern India". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen. 285 (1): 91–96. Bibcode:2017NJGPA.285...91G. doi:10.1127/njgpa/2017/0671. ISSN 0077-7749.</ref>	sp.	Jetholi		Solitary footprint.	A Possible Late Cretaceous Stegosaur, Like Dravidosaurus.
Hypsilophodontidae?<ref name=":0" />	Indeterminate.	Vikarabad.		Teeth.	Hypsilophodontidae is not a natural grouping.
Ornithischia?<ref>D. M. Mohabey. 1989. The braincase of a dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Lameta Formation, Kheda District, Gujarat, western India. Indian Journal of Earth Sciences 16(2):132-135.</ref>	Indeterminate	Kheda		GSI/GC/2905	Originally identified as an indeterminate ornithischian braincase. Later found out to be a Titanosaur dorsal vertebra.<ref>Wilson, J.A.; Malkani, M. S.; Gingerich, P. D. 2004. A Sauropod Braincase from the Pab Formation (Upper Cretaceous, Maastrichtian) of Balochistan, Pakistan. Gondwana Geological Magazine, Special Volume 8:101-109.</ref>
Spheroolithus?	sp.	Polgaon, Tidkepar		Egg fossils.	Questionably assigned to this genus<ref>Khosla, Ashu; Lucas, Spencer G. (2020), "Indian Late Cretaceous Dinosaur Nesting Sites and Their Systematic Studies", Late Cretaceous Dinosaur Eggs and Eggshells of Peninsular India, vol. 51, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 117–205, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-56454-4_4, ISBN 978-3-030-56453-7, retrieved 2024-02-13{{citation}}: CS1 maint: work parameter with ISBN (link)</ref>

Sauropods

Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Isisaurus	I. colberti	Dongargaon Hill		Holotype skeleton consists of cervical, dorsal, sacral, caudal vertebrae, ribs, pelvis, scapula, coracoid, left forelimb, and other bones. Other specimens, such as the skull, hindlimb, and foot bones, are unknown.	A lithostrotian titanosaur.	Isisaurus Jainosaurus Megaloolithus
Jainosaurus	J. septentrionalis	Bara Simla		"Basicranium and partial postcranial skeleton."<ref name="table-13-1-269">"Table 13.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 269.</ref>	A titanosaur
	J. cf. septentrionalis	Chhota Simla		Partial skeleton including a rib fragrement, caudal centrum, humeri, radius and an articulated left limb.<ref>Wilson, Jeffrey A.; Barrett, Paul M.; Carrano, Matthew T. (2011-09). "An associated partial skeleton of Jainosaurus cf. septentrionalis (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) from the Late Cretaceous of Chhota Simla, Central India". Palaeontology. 54 (5): 981–998. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2011.01087.x. ISSN 0031-0239. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)</ref>
Titanosaurus	T. blanfordi	Panchgaon Pisdura Hill		Caudal vertebrae.<ref name="table-13-1-270">"Table 13.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 270.</ref>	A dubious genus of titanosaur.<ref>Wilson, Jeffrey A.; Upchurch, Paul (2003). "A revision ofTitanosaurusLydekker (dinosauria - sauropoda), the first dinosaur genus with a 'Gondwanan' distribution". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 1 (3): 125–160. Bibcode:2003JSPal...1..125W. doi:10.1017/s1477201903001044. ISSN 1477-2019.</ref>
	T. indicus	Pisdura Hill		Caudal Vertebrae, two partial rami of haemapophysis, partial left tibia, partial right fibula, and a partial referred femur.<ref name="Huene & Matley 1933"/>
	T.? rahioliensis<ref name="1978:">Mathur, U. B.; Srivastava, S. (1987-06-01). "Dinosaur Teeth from Lameta Group (Upper Cretaceous) of Kheda District, Gujarat". Journal Geological Society of India. 29 (6): 554–566. Bibcode:1987JGSI...29..554M. doi:10.17491/jgsi/1987/290603. ISSN 0974-6889.</ref>	Rahioli Village		About 34 teeth in total.	Might not belong to this genus.
Megaloolithus<ref>Khosla, Ashu; Lucas, Spencer G. (2020), "Discussion: Oospecies Diversity, Biomineralization Aspects, Taphonomical, Biostratigraphical, Palaeoenvironmental, Palaeoecological and Palaeobiogeographical Inferences of the Dinosaur-Bearing Lameta Formation of Peninsular India", Late Cretaceous Dinosaur Eggs and Eggshells of Peninsular India, vol. 51, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 207–271, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-56454-4_5, ISBN 978-3-030-56453-7, retrieved 2024-01-21{{citation}}: CS1 maint: work parameter with ISBN (link)</ref>	M. cylindricus	Chui Hill, Bara Simla, Nand region, Pavan, Ghorpend, Bagh Caves, Dhar, Indwan, Kadwal, Dholiya Raipuriya village, Akhada village, Jhaba village, Padlya village, Jhabua, Dohad, Jhalod, Garadi, Kheda, Rahioli, Dholi Dungri.		Multiple specimens consist of fossilized egg shells that are covered in volcanic sediments	Sauropod egg fossils
	M. dhoridungriensis
	M. jabalpurensis
	M. khempurensis
	M. megadermus
	M. problematica
	M. walpurensis
	M. sp.
Titanosauriform<ref>"Deccan Continental Flood Basalt Eruption Terminated Indian Dinosaurs before the Cretaceous-Paleogene Boundary". ResearchGate.</ref>	Indeterminate	Ukala.		Dorsal vertebrae, parts of the ilia and pelvis, and limb bones.	A titanosauriform.
Sauropoda<ref>Mathur, U. B.; Pant, S. C. (1986). "Sauropod dinosaur humeri from Lameta Group (Upper Cretaceous-? Palaeocene) of Kheda district, Gujarat" (PDF). Journal of the Paleontological Society of India. 31 (1): 22-25. doi:10.1177/0971102319860104.</ref>	indeterminate	Rahioli		Several Humeri	The humeri ranges from 70 to 85 cm in length, they have gracility index that ranges from 73 to 78.
Titanosauria<ref>Wilson, J. A., P. C. Sereno, S. Srivastava, D. K. Bhatt, A. Khosla, and A. Sahni. 2003. "A new abelisaurid (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Lameta Formation (Cretaceous, Maastrichtian) of India", Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology of the University of Michigan, 31:6</ref>	indeterminate	Temple Hill, Rahioli		disarticulated remains.	Discovered alongside the Rajasaurus holotype.

Theropods

Abelisaurs

Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Abelisauroidea	Indeterminate			Multiple specimens.<ref name=":1" />	Could be referred to Abelisauridae or Noasauridae.<ref name=":2" />	Rajasaurus Indosuchus Rahiolisaurus
Abelisauridae	Indeterminate			Multiple specimens.	Include form similar to Majungasaurus and forms similar to Carnotaurus.<ref name=":1">Novas, Fernando; Agnolin, Federico; Bandyopadhyay, Saswati (2004). "Cretaceous theropods from India: A review of specimens described by Huene and Matley (1933)". Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales: 67–103. doi:10.22179/REVMACN.6.74. S2CID 89198898.</ref>
Compsosuchus	C. solus	Bara Simla		"Vertebrae"	Previously considered a Noasaurid now considered an indeterminate Abelisaurid<ref>Mohabey, D. M.; Samant, B.; Vélez-Rosado, K. I.; Wilson Mantilla, J. A. (2024). "A review of small-bodied theropod dinosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous of India, with description of new cranial remains of a noasaurid (Theropoda: Abelisauria)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 43 (3). e2288088. doi:10.1080/02724634.2023.2288088.</ref>
Indosaurus	I. matleyi	Bara Simla		Partial skeleton, including a partial skull.<ref name="table-3-1-49" />	An abelisaurid
Dryptosauroides	D. grandis	Bara Simla		"Vertebrae."<ref name="table-3-1-50"/>	An abelisaurd
Ellipsoolithus<ref>D. M. Mohabey. 1998. Systematics of Indian Upper Cretaceous dinosaur and chelonian eggshells. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 18(2):348-362</ref>	E. khedaensis	Kheda		Eggs	Theropod egg fossils.
Indosuchus	I. raptorius	Bara Simla		Cranial remains, including two braincases, as well as a nearly complete skeleton.<ref name="table-3-1-49" />	An abelisaurid
Ornithomimoides	O. barasimlensis	Bara Simla		"Vertebrae."<ref name="table-3-1-50"/>	An abelisaurid<ref name="Noasaurs" />
	O. mobilis	Bara Simla		"Vertebrae"<ref name="table-3-1-50"/>
Orthogoniosaurus	O. matleyi	Bara Simla		"Tooth"<ref name="table-3-1-50"/>	An abelisaurid<ref>"The history of dinosaur collecting in Central India, 1828-1947". ResearchGate.</ref>
Rahiolisaurus	R. gujaratensis	Rahioli Village		Cervical, dorsal, sacral, and caudal vertebrae, portions of pectoral and pelvic girdles, and several hind limb bones of different individuals.	An Abelisaurid
Rajasaurus	R. narmadensis	Temple Hill, Rahioli		A partial skeleton consists of maxillae, premaxillae, braincase, and quadrate bone on the skull; and spine, hip bone, legs, and tail in post-cranial remains.	An Abelisaurid

Noasaurids

Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Laevisuchus	L. indicus	Bara Simla		Only vertebrae.<ref name="table-3-1-49">"Table 3.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 49.</ref>	A noasaurid.
Noasaurinae	Indeterminate	Pisdura Hill		A partial dentary.<ref name="Noasaurs" />	A noasaurine noasaurid.
Noasauridae	Indeterminate			Multiple specimens.<ref name=":1" />	May include femora from very large individuals.<ref name=":2">"Ceratosauria".</ref>

Other Theropods

Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Coeluroides	C. largus	Bara Simla		"Isolated vertebrae."<ref name="table-3-1-50">"Table 3.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 50.</ref>	A Indeterminate theropod also known from Dabrazhin Formation of Kazakhstan
Jubbulpuria	J. tenuis	Bara Simla		"Vertebrae."<ref name="table-3-1-50"/>	Likely junior synonym of Laevisuchus<ref name="Noasaurs">Mohabey, Dhananjay M.; Samant, Bandana; Vélez-Rosado, Kevin I.; Wilson Mantilla, Jeffrey A. (2024-02-07). "A review of small-bodied theropod dinosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous of India, with description of new cranial remains of a noasaurid (Theropoda: Abelisauria)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 43 (3) e2288088. doi:10.1080/02724634.2023.2288088. ISSN 0272-4634.</ref>
?Megalosaurus	Type A-E	Rahioli		Several teeth <ref name="1978:"/>	The overall length of the teeths ranges from 0.7 to 6 cm, all were originally identified as belonging to Megalosaurus,(beside GSI Type No. 19988 as it was identified as a Majungasaurus tooth).<ref name="1978:"/> However a specimen(GSI Type No. 19996) may instead represent a troodontid.<ref>"Troodontidae".</ref>
Ornithomimidae?<ref name="dinosaurdistribution">Weishampel, et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution." Pp. 517-607.</ref>	Indeterminate	Bara Simla			Ceratosaurian taxa from the Lameta Formation have been erroneously referred to ornithomimdae.
Theropoda	Indeterminate			GSI K27/572, fragmentary cervical vertebra.	Initially described as allosauroid. But the researchers didn't classify it as an abelisaurid, possibly representing a member of a clade outside of abelisauroidea, the preserved height of the vertebra is 16 cm.<ref name=":1" />
Trachoolithus<ref name=PBDB>Trachoolithus in the Paleobiology Database</ref>	T. faticanus	Bara Simla		Eggs.	Theropod egg fossils.

Indeterminate or chimaeric taxa

Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
"Dubeynarainsaurus"	"D. sahni"	Sirolkhal		"Partial dentary with associated teeth."<ref name="Dubey1946">Dubey, V. S (October 1946). "A note on the occurrence of Pterosauria in India" (PDF). Current Science. 15 (10): 287–288.</ref>	May instead be a later cretaceous pterosaur,<ref name="Dubey1946"/> proposed to be either belonging to the Infratrappean or Intertrappean beds, although if it were a pterosaur it would not be Maastrichtian.<ref>Pentland, Adele H.; Poropat, Stephen F. (2023-07-01). "A review of the Jurassic and Cretaceous Gondwanan pterosaur record". Gondwana Research. 119: 341–383. Bibcode:2023GondR.119..341P. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2023.03.005. ISSN 1342-937X.</ref>
Lametasaurus	L. indicus	Bara Simla		"Sacrum, ilia, tibia."<ref name="table-3-1-50"/> "Sacrum, ilia, tibia, spines, armor."<ref name="table-17-1-368">"Table 17.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 368.</ref>	Includes crocodylomorph, titanosaur scutes and possibly ankylosaurian osteoderms.<ref name=":3" /> Also includes abelisaurid material now removed from the type and is being assigned to the Rajasaurus.<ref name="description" />

Reptiles

Snakes

Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Madtsoia	M. pisdurensis<ref>Mohabey, D.M.; Head, J.J.; Wilson, J.A. (2011). "A new species of the snake Madtsoia from the Upper Cretaceous of India and its paleobiogeographic implications". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 31 (3): 588–595. Bibcode:2011JVPal..31..588M. doi:10.1080/02724634.2011.560220. S2CID 129792355.</ref>	Pidura Hill	Upper		A madtsoiid snake.
Sanajeh	S. indicus	Dholi Dungri		A skull, precloaca vertebrae and ribs.	A madtsoiid snake.	Sanajeh about to attack a titanosaur hatchling

Crocodylomorphs

Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Dyrosauridae<ref>Rana, R. S. 1987. Dyrosaurid crocodile (Mesosuchia) from the infratrap pean beds of Vikarabad, Hyderabad District, Andhra-Pradesh. Cur rent Science 56:532-534</ref><ref name=":0">"Microvertebrates from the infratrappean beds of Rangareddi District, Andhra Pradesh and their biostratigraphic significance".</ref><ref>Srivastava, Rahul; Patnaik, Rajeev; Shukla, U. K.; Sahni, Ashok (2015-12-07). "Crocodilian Nest in a Late Cretaceous Sauropod Hatchery from the Type Lameta Ghat Locality, Jabalpur, India". PLOS ONE. 10 (12) e0144369. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1044369S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0144369. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4671694. PMID 26641665.</ref>	Indeterminate.	Kisalpuri and Vikarabad.		Vertebrae, eggs and teeth.	Non-Phosphatosaurinae Dyrosaurid Crocodylomorphs.

Turtles

Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Jainemys	J. pisdurensis	Pisdura hill			A bothremydid side-necked turtle.
Pelomedusidae<ref>D. M. Mohabey. 1990. Discovery of dinosaur nesting site in Maharashtra. Gondwana Geological Magazine 3:32-34.</ref><ref>S. L. Jain and A. Sahni. 1983. Some Upper Cretaceous vertebrates from central India and their palaeogeographic implications. In H. K. Maheshwari (ed.), Proceedings of the Symposium on "Cretaceous of India: Palaeoecology, Palaeogeography and Time Boundaries", Lucknow. Indian Association of Palynostratigraphers 66-83.</ref>	Indeterminate				A turtle.

Mammals

Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Avashishta	A. bacharamensis<ref>Anantharaman, S.; Wilson, G. P.; Sarma, D. C. Das; Clemens, W. A. (2006). "A Possible Late Cretaceous "Haramiyidan" from India". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 26 (2): 488–490. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2006)26[488:APLCHF]2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0272-4634. JSTOR 4524590.</ref>	Bacharam			A Haramiyida Mammal.

Mollusca

Genus	Species	Location	Notes
Mollusca	Indeterminate
Gastropoda	Indeterminate
Viviparus	V. normalis
Physa	P. sp.
Paludina	P. deccanensis
Lymnaea	L. subulata
Unio	U. sp.

See also

• List of dinosaur-bearing rock formations
• Geology of India
• Deccan Traps
• Maevarano Formation, contemporaneous fossiliferous formation of Madagascar
• Intertrappean Beds contemporaneous formation in India, also known for its fossils

References

Bibliography

• Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; Osmólska, Halszka (2004), The Dinosauria, 2nd edition, Berkeley: University of California Press, pp. 1–880, ISBN 0-520-24209-2, retrieved 2019-02-21{{citation}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link)