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| {{short description|Indian central public sector undertaking}}
| | #REDIRECT [[BSNL]] |
| {{Redirect|BSNL|BSNL's cellular operations in India|BSNL Mobile}}
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| {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
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| {{Use Indian English|date=November 2019}}
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| {{Infobox company
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| | name = Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited
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| | logo = BSNL logo with slogan.svg
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| | image = BSNL Headquarters.jpg
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| | image_caption = BSNL Headquarters, [[New Delhi]], India
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| | image_size = 250px
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| | native_name_lang = Hindi
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| | type = [[Public sector undertakings in India|Central Public Sector Undertaking]]
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| | key_people = {{ubl|[[Ashwini Vaishnaw]] <br /> {{small|([[Ministry of Communications (India)|Cabinet Minister for Communications]])}}|Pravin Kumar Purwar, {{small|[[Indian Post & Telecommunication Accounts and Finance Service|ICFS]]}} <br /> {{small|(Chairman & MD)}}}}<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/people/mtnl-chairman-purwar-to-assume-additional-charge-as-bsnl-cmd-on-monday/amp-1561907649093.html|title=MTNL-chairman-purwar-to-assume-additional-charge-as-BSNL-cmd|work=livemint|access-date=3 July 2019}}</ref>
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| | industry = [[Telecommunications]]
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| | services = {{ubl|[[Landline|Fixed line telephone]]|[[Mobile phone]]|[[Broadband]]|[[Internet television]]|[[IPTV]]}}
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| | revenue = {{profit}} {{INRConvert|18595|c}} (2020-21)<ref name="BSNLAnnualReport">{{cite web | url=http://tender.bsnl.co.in/bsnltenders/pdf/BSNL%20_Annual%20Report%202019-20.pdf | title=Annual Report 2020 | publisher=Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited. | date=31 March 2020 | access-date= 4 July 2020}}</ref>
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| | operating_income = {{loss}} {{INRConvert|15499|c}} (2020) <ref name="BSNLAnnualReport" />
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| | net_income = {{loss}} {{INRConvert|7441|c}} (2021)<ref name="BSNLAnnualReport" />
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| | assets = {{profit}} {{INRConvert|133840|c}} (2020-21)<ref name="BSNLAnnualReport" /> | |
| | equity = {{profit}}{{INRConvert|32500|c}} (2020-21)<ref name="BSNLAnnualReport" />
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| | area_served = India
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| | parent =
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| | divisions = {{plainlist|
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| *Bharat Fiber
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| *[[BSNL Broadband]]
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| *[[BSNL Mobile]]
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| *[[Bharat Broadband Network|Bharat Net]]
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| *BSNL Towers Limited<ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/markets/stocks/news/cabinet-allows-bsnl-to-sell-tower-assets/articleshow/60479655.cms|title=Cabinet allows, BSNL to sell tower assets|date=18 September 2017|publisher=[[The Economic Times|Economic Times]]}}</ref>
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| }} | | }} |
| | subsid = {{plainlist|
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| *[[Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited]]<ref name="MTNL to be a BSNL subsidiary">{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/info-tech/mtnl-to-be-a-bsnl-subsidiary/article28749551.ece|title=MTNL to be a BSNL subsidiary|date=29 June 2019|work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
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| <ref name=cc>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/telecom/telecom-news/cabinet-clears-bsnl-bbnl-merger-approves-revival-package-worth-rs-164156-cr/articleshow/93162008.cms |title=Cabinet clears BSNL-BBNL merger, approves revival package worth Rs 1.64 lakh cr |publisher=[[The Economic Times]]}}</ref>}}
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| | owner = [[Department of Telecommunications]], [[Ministry of Communications (India)|Ministry of Communications]] , [[Government of India]]
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| | num_employees = 60,104(As on 31 March,2023)
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| | founded = {{Start date and age|df=yes|2000|09|15}}
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| | hq_location_city = New Delhi
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| | hq_location_country = India
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| | homepage = {{URL|bsnl.co.in}}
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| }}
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| '''Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited''' (abbreviated as '''BSNL''') is a [[Public sector undertakings in India|central public sector undertaking]] headquartered in [[New Delhi]], India. It is under the [[ownership]] of the [[Department of Telecommunications]], [[Ministry of Communications (India)|Ministry of Communications]], [[Government of India]]. It was incorporated on 1 October 2000 by the Government of India. Its top official is designated as ''Chairman and Managing Director'' who is a central government [[civil servant]] of the [[Indian Post & Telecommunication Accounts and Finance Service|Indian Communication Finance Service]] cadre or a central government [[engineer]] of the [[Indian Telecommunications Service]] cadre. It provides mobile voice and internet services through its nationwide [[Telecommunications in India|telecommunications]] network across India. It is the largest [[List of telecom companies in India|government-owned-wireless telecommunications service provider]] in [[India]].<ref name="Traidata">{{cite web|url=https://main.trai.gov.in/sites/default/files/PR_No.09of2020.pdf|title=Press Release on Telecom Subscription Data as on 30 November, 2019|date=30 November 2019|website=Telecom Regulatory Authority of India|access-date=16 January 2020}}</ref>
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| ==Name==
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| The name ''Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited'' derives from [[Hindi]], which means ''India Communications Corporation Limited'' in English.
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| ==History==
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| Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited is India's [[Government of India|government enterprise]] and its history can be traced back to the [[Presidencies and provinces of British India|British India]]. The foundation of telecom network in India was laid by the British sometime during the 19th century. During the British era, the first telegraph line was established between [[Calcutta]] and Diamond Harbour in 1850. The British [[East India Company]] started using the telegraph in 1851 and until 1854 telegraph lines were laid across the country. In 1854, the telegraph service was opened to the public and the first telegram was sent from Mumbai to Pune. In 1885, the [[Indian Telegraph Act, 1885|Indian Telegraph Act]] was passed by the [[Imperial Legislative Council|British Imperial Legislative Council]]. After the bifurcation of Post and Telegraph department in the 1980s, the creation of [[Department of Telecommunications|Department of Telecom]] eventually led to the emergence of the [[Government of India|government owned telegraph and telephone enterprise]] which led to the foundation of BSNL.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bsnl.co.in/opencms/bsnl/BSNL/about_us/company/about_bsnl.html|title=About us|date=17 November 2019|publisher=BSNL, LLC}}</ref>
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| For 160 years, BSNL had operated the public telegram service. In 2010 the telex network between its 182 offices was replaced with the "Web Based Telegram Messaging System" which relied on internet connections rather than telex lines (which are more reliable where power outages are more common). This led to a decline in service, and the company applied the title "diminished service" to telegrams in 2010. Finally on 15 July 2013 the public telegram service was shut down completely.<ref name="times">{{cite news |title = BSNL decides to discontinue 160-year-old telegram service | url = http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-06-12/india/39924887_1_telegram-telegraph-offices-telecom-employees | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130615032137/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-06-12/india/39924887_1_telegram-telegraph-offices-telecom-employees | url-status = dead | archive-date = 15 June 2013 | date = 12 June 2013 |work = [[The Times of India]] | access-date = 13 June 2013 }}</ref><ref name="hindu">{{cite news | last = Joshi| first = Sandeep| title = Dot, dash, full stop: Telegram service ends July 15 | url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/bsnl-to-shut-down-telegram-services-from-june-15/article4806921.ece | work = The Hindu | date = 12 June 2013 | access-date = 13 June 2013 | location = Chennai, India}}</ref>
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| ==Products and services==
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| ===Telephone and Mobile===
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| BSNL provides both [[landline|fixed line telephones]] and [[mobile telephony]] services on [[GSM]] platform.
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| ====BSNL Mobile====
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| {{main|BSNL Mobile}}
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| [[BSNL Mobile]] is a major provider of [[GSM]] network under brand name ''CellOne'' and BSNL all over India. It has wide network coverage in both urban and rural areas of India. It has over 121.82 million customers across India.<ref name="Traidata"/>
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| BSNL Mobile offers [[prepaid mobile phone|prepaid]], [[Postpaid mobile phone|postpaid]] services and value-added services such as Free Phone Service (FPH), India Telephone Card (Prepaid card), Account Card Calling (ACC), [[Virtual private network|Virtual Private Network]] (VPN), Tele-voting, Premium Rate Service (PRM). It also offers the [[Internet Protocol television|IPTV]] which enables customers to watch television through the Internet and Voice and Video Over Internet Protocol (VVoIP).<ref>{{cite web |author=(9) Comments |url=http://www.techtree.com/India/News/BSNL_Launches_VVOIP/551-115563-613.html |title=BSNL Launches VVoIP |publisher=Techtree.com |access-date=17 September 2012}}</ref>
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| ====BSNL Landline====
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| BSNL Landline was launched in early 1990s. It was the only fixed-line telephone serving for whole country before the New Telecom Policy was announced by the [[Department of Telecommunications|Department of Telecom]] in 1999. Only the Government-owned BSNL and MTNL were allowed to provide land-line phone services through [[Copper conductor|copper wire]] in the country. BSNL Landline is the [[List of telecom companies in India#Wireline operators|largest fixed-line telephony]] in India. It has over 9.55 million customers and 47.20% market share in the country as of 28 February 2021.<ref name="Traidata" />
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| ===Internet===
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| BSNL is the [[List of telecom companies in India#Internet service providers (ISPs)|fourth largest ISP]] in India, with having presence throughout the country. It also has the largest fibre-based telecom network in the country, around 7.5 lakh kilometers, among the four operators in the country.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.com/industry/telecom/telecom-news/lacking-government-support-bsnl-plans-to-monetise-fibre-network/articleshow/68934188.cms|title=BSNL plans to monitise fibre network|date=18 April 2019|publisher=[[The Economic Times]]}}</ref>
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| ====BSNL Broadband====
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| {{main|BSNL Broadband}}
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| BSNL Broadband provides telecom services to enterprise customers including MPLS, [[Peer-to-peer|P2P]] and Internet leased lines. It provides fixed-line services and landline using [[Code-division multiple access|CDMA]] technology and its own extensive optical fiber network. BSNL provides [[Internet access]] services through dial-up connections as prepaid, ''NetOne'' as postpaid, and ''DataOne'' as [[BSNL Broadband]].<ref>[http://bsnl.co.in/service/dataone.htm BSNL Broadband] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091124192915/http://bsnl.co.in/service/dataone.htm |date=24 November 2009 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.netone.in/service/internet_typeofaccess.htm#cli NetOne] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090503112723/http://www.netone.in/service/internet_typeofaccess.htm#cli|date=3 May 2009}}</ref>
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| ==== BSNL Bharat Fiber====
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| BSNL Bharat Fiber ([[Fiber to the x|FTTH]]) was launched in February 2019. It offers TV over [[Internet Protocol|IP]] (IPTV), [[Video on demand|Video On-Demand]] (VoD), [[Voice over Internet Protocol]] (VoIP), Audio On-Demand (AoD), [[Dynamic bandwidth allocation|Bandwidth On-Demand]] (BoD), [[Educational technology|remote education]], [[Videotelephony|video conferencing]] services, interactive gaming, Virtual Private LAN services. BSNL said that, its huge optic fiber network provides fixed access to deliver high-speed Internet up to 300 Mbit/s.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bsnl.co.in/opencms/bsnl/BSNL/services/broadband/ftth_overview.html|title=Bharat Fiber FTTH Overview|date=17 February 2019|publisher=BSNL, LLC}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/technology/features/story/bsnl-bharat-fiber-ftth-pricing-availability-plans-and-everything-you-need-to-know-1448407-2019-02-05|title=BSNL Bharat Fiber FTTH, Everything you need to know|date=6 February 2019|publisher=[[India Today]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bsnltariff.com/2021/05/bsnl-broadband-voip-configuration-for-landline-phone.html|title=BSNL Broadband VOIP Configuration for Landline Phone Instrument|date=31 August 2021|website=www.bsnltariff.com}}</ref>
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| ==== Bharat Net====
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| With effect to Govt. of India's policy decision to provide state-owned BSNL with another revival package worth 1.64 lakh crore rupees, the struggling PSU was merged with Government's special purpose vehicle [[BBNL]]. This gave the struggling PSU a boost and an additional advantage of additional 5.67 lakh kilometre of optical fibre which has been laid across 1.85 lakh village panchayats in the country using the Universal Service Obligation Fund (USOF). Currently, it has an optical fibre cable network of over 6.83 lakh kilometre.<ref name=cc/>
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| ====BSNL 4G====
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| BSNL started 4G service in some parts of India since January 2019 such as Bihar, Jharkhand and Uttar Pradesh, but is limited to a few cities or towns. Most of 4G services are currently available in Southern India. However, BSNL is trying to launch pan India 4G services up to September 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|last=www.ETTelecom.com|title=BSNL has given September 2022 timeline for pan-India 4G rollout: MoS Telecom - ET Telecom|url=https://telecom.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/bsnl-has-given-september-2022-timeline-for-pan-india-4g-rollout-mos-telecom/88031211|access-date=2021-12-01|website=ETTelecom.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatimes.com/technology/news/bsnl-4g-india-sep-2022-deadline-555804.html|title=Too Soon? BSNL Will Roll Out 4G Services Across India Before September 2022|website=India Times|date= 2 December 2021|access-date=3 December 2021|language= en}}</ref> The telecom minister said that BSNL will launch its 4G services all over India on 75th Independence day of India along with various other projects.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-22 |title=BSNL & TCS Will Launch 4G On Independence Day? This Is What We Know So Far About BSNL 4G Launch |url=https://trak.in/tags/business/2022/02/22/bsnl-tcs-will-launch-4g-on-independence-day-this-is-what-we-know-so-far-about-bsnl-4g-launch/ |access-date=2022-02-28 |website=Trak.in |language=en-US}}</ref>
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| ====BSNL 5G====
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| On behalf of the Govt. of India, the hon'ble Minister of Communications [[Ashwini Vaishnaw]] announced that the State-Owned Telco would start its 5G operations by 15 August 2023. He also added that the 4G and 5G network of the state-owned [[BSNL]] would be a completely home-grown indigenous 4G and 5G network technology; thus, emphasising more on Govt. of India's [[Atmanirbhar Bharat]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=www.livemint.com|title=BSNL to roll out 5G in August 2023: Ashwini Vaishnaw|url=https://www.livemint.com/technology/tech-news/bsnl-to-roll-out-5g-in-august-2023-ashwini-vaishnaw-11664689122465.html|access-date=2022-10-08|website=www.livemint.com|date=2 October 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=www.business-standard.com|title=TCS set to win $2-billion deal from BSNL for 4G and 5G roll-out|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/tcs-bsnl-deal-to-develop-4g-core-may-take-a-couple-of-months-122100301080_1.html|access-date=2022-10-08|website=www.business-standard.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=TCS set to win $2-billion deal from BSNL for 4G and 5G roll-out|url=https://www.rediff.com/business/report/tcs-set-to-win-2-billion-deal-from-bsnl-for-4g-and-5g-roll-out/20221004.htm|access-date=2022-10-08|website=www.rediff.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Going big BSNL set to buy 4G gear from TCS|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/info-tech/bsnl-set-to-buy-4g-gear-from-tcs/article65967060.ece|access-date=2022-10-08|website=www.thehindubusinessline.com|date=3 October 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
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| ===IP services===
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| ====BSNL Wing Services====
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| On 16 August 2018, BSNL has launched "BSNL Wings Services" in [[Mobile telephone numbering in India|22 telecom circles]] in which, there is no need of [[SIM card]] or [[FTTH|cable wiring]] as is a [[VoIP]] service through an app.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://gadgets.ndtv.com/telecom/news/bsnl-offers-one-month-free-wings-service-to-new-customers-launches-app-in-google-play-store-1987377|title=BSNL offers wings services|date=2 February 2019|publisher=[[NDTV]]}}</ref> It offers unlimited free calling for one year throughout India.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bsnl.co.in/opencms/bsnl/BSNL/services/landline/wings.html|title=BSNL Wings Services launched in 22 telecom circles|date=29 June 2019|website=[[BSNL]]}}</ref>
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| ==Administrative units==
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| ===BSNL vertical divisions===
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| BSNL is primarily divided into three verticals
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| *BSNL - Consumer Fixed Access (CFA), wire line and broadband business.
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| *BSNL - Consumer Mobility (CM), wireless business, primarily 3G/4G GSM services, WLL-M services. {{Citation|title=WLL-M|url=https://www.bsnl.co.in/opencms/bsnl/BSNL/services/landline/wll.html}}
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| *BSNL - Enterprise Business, Enterprise customers on turnkey basis.
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| *Other than these three verticals, there are electrical wings and civil wings which take care of real estate monetization.
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| ===BSNL horizontal divisions===
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| Horizontally, BSNL is divided into a number of administrative units, variously known as: telecom circles, metro districts, project circles and specialized units. It has 24 telecom circles, two metro districts, six project circles, four maintenance regions, five telecom factories, three training institutions and four specialized telecom units.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bsnl.co.in:9080/opencms/bsnl/BSNL/about_us/bsnl_unit.html|title=BSNL Units|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120906000312/http://www.bsnl.co.in:9080/opencms/bsnl/BSNL/about_us/bsnl_unit.html|archive-date=6 September 2012}}</ref> Each circle is being headed by a Chief General Manager (CGM) who is an officer of Indian Telecom Service (ITS).
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| The organisational structure of BSNL is as follows: Chief General Manager being the head of the Circle who is the officer of HAG+ level, assisted by three or four Principal General Manager (PGM) who is the officer of grade HAG. The districts over a circle is being headed by the designations as General Manager officer of grade of SAG who looks over around two to four districts, while where the connections are less and the smaller district is being headed by Telecom District Manager (TDM) Officer of the grade of JAG and Telecom Divisional Engineer (TDE) officer of STS grade, all the officers above the post of TDE (including TDE) are of Group A and they are the officers of grade of Indian Telecom Service (ITS) directly or promotive. Then the Group B consists of Additional Divisional Engineer, Sub Divisional Engineer and Junior Telecom officer and then the organisation has Group C and D employees.
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| ==Merger and acquisitions==
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| On 24 October 2019, the Government of India has announced revival package for BSNL and [[Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited|MTNL]] which includes monetising assets, raising funds, [[LTE (telecommunication)|TD-LTE]] spectrum, voluntary retirement scheme for employees. Apart from package, the [[Ministry of Communications (India)|Ministry of Communications]] has decided to merge MTNL with BSNL. Pending this, MTNL will be a wholly owned [[subsidiary]] of BSNL.<ref name="MTNL to be a BSNL subsidiary">{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/info-tech/mtnl-to-be-a-bsnl-subsidiary/article28749551.ece|title=MTNL to be a BSNL subsidiary|date=29 June 2019|work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.com/news/economy/policy/bsnl-mtnl-to-be-merged-cabinet-approves-four-way-revival-plan-for-the-two/articleshow/71721833.cms|title=Government approves Revival package for BSNL, MTNL|date=23 October 2019|publisher=[[The Economic Times|Economic Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/business/story/bsnl-mtnl-merge-1612281-2019-10-23|title=BSNL, MTNL to be merged, along with special package|date=23 October 2019|publisher=[[India Today]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/bsnl-mtnl-to-be-merged-centre-lines-up-rs-70000-crore-revival-package/articleshow/71730263.cms|title=BSNL, MTNL to be merged, centre lines up rs 70000 crore revival package|date=29 October 2019|publisher=[[Times of India]]}}</ref>
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| On 24 October 2019, the Government of India has announced revival package for BSNL and has given its nod for in-principal merger (operational merger, i.e. only the operations of [[MTNL]] and BSNL would be merged and to be managed by BSNL) for MTNL and BSNL<ref>{{Cite news |title=BSNL, MTNL to merge under Rs 69,000 cr revival plan, 4G spectrum, VRS part of scheme|work=India Today|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/business/story/bsnl-mtnl-merge-1612281-2019-10-23 |access-date=2022-10-08}}</ref>
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| On 27 July 2022, the [[Government of India]] announced another revival package for the state-owned BSNL, for providing 4G and 5G services making the [[Public sector undertakings in India|PSU]] more viable and vibrant and turning it into a profit making organisation; under this policy decision the government also merged BBNL with BSNL.<ref name=cc/>
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| ==Controversies==
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| ===Website hacking===
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| In 2012 [[Nikhil Thakur]], a hacker and Internet activist, broke into the Madhya Pradesh BSNL website and later on hacked the India BSNL website.<ref>{{cite news|title=bsnl hacking|url=http://www.patheos.com/blogs/drishtikone/2012/11/bsnl-server-vulnerable-to-hacking-shows-a-19-yr-old/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=all india bsnl hacked|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/bhopal/19-yr-old-hacks-bsnl-server/article1-956591.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108230101/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Bhopal/19-yr-old-hacks-BSNL-server/Article1-956591.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 November 2012|newspaper=hindustan times}}</ref>
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| ===Cyber attack===
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| In July 2017, BSNL had suffered a cyber attack which affected [[south India]], especially [[Karnataka]], when a malware affected the telco's broadband network using modems with default passwords.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/technology/tech-news-technology/bsnl-asks-net-users-to-change-password-after-malware-attack-4770766/|title=BSNL asks 2000 users to change modem password after malware attack|last=Techdesk|date=28 July 2018|website=Indian Express|access-date=9 February 2018}}</ref> The virus has reportedly affected 60,000 modems and blocked their internet connectivity. Later BSNL issued an advisory notice to its broadband customers, urging them to change their default router username and passwords.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/malware-affects-thousands-of-bsnl-broadband-modems/article19381410.ece|title=Malware affects thousands of BSNL broadband modems
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| |date=17 July 2017|website=The Hindu|access-date=18 November 2021}}</ref>
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| == See also ==
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| {{Portal|India|Companies}}
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| *[[Government of India]]
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| *[[BSNL Broadband]]
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| *[[BSNL Mobile]]
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| *[[Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited]]
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| *[[Telecommunications in India]]
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| *[[List of telecom companies in India]]
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| *[[List of mobile network operators]]
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| ==References==
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| {{reflist}}
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| ==External links==
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| * [http://www.bsnl.co.in Official website]
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| {{Ministry of Communications (India)}}
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| {{Telecommunication companies of India}}
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| {{Public Sector Undertakings in India}}
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| {{Major telecommunications companies}}
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| {{authority control}}
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| [[Category:Government-owned companies of India]]
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| [[Category:Indian companies established in 2000]]
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| [[Category:Companies based in New Delhi]]
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| [[Category:Telecommunications companies of India]]
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| [[Category:Internet service providers of India]]
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| [[Category:Telecommunications companies established in 2000]]
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| [[Category:Government-owned telecommunications companies]]
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| [[Category:2000 establishments in Delhi]]
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