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{{Short description|Holidays in Islam}}
{{Short description|Holidays in Islam}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2025}}
[[File:Sholakia_Eidgah_Maidan_08.jpg|thumb|right|Eid celebration in [[Sholakia]], [[Bangladesh]]. The largest [[Eid prayers|Eid congregation]].]]
{{Islam |religion}}
{{Islam |religion}}
There are two main holidays in [[Islam]] that are celebrated by [[Muslim]]s worldwide: [[Eid al-Fitr]] and [[Eid al-Adha|Eid al Adha]]. The timing of both holidays are set by the lunar [[Islamic calendar]], which is based upon the cycle of the moon, and so is different from the more common, European, solar-based [[Gregorian calendar]].  Every year, the Gregorian dates of the Islamic holidays change.


There are two official '''holidays in [[Islam]]''', [[Eid al-Fitr]] and [[Eid al-Adha]], which are celebrated by [[Muslim]]s worldwide. Both holidays occur on dates in the lunar [[Islamic calendar]], which is different from the solar-based [[Gregorian calendar]], so they are observed on different Gregorian dates every year. There are a number of other days of note and festivals, some common to all Muslims, others specific to Shia Islam as a whole or branches thereof.
Both Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha follow a period of 10 holy days or nights: the last 10 nights of [[Ramadan]] for Eid al-Fitr, and the first 10 days of [[Dhu al-Hijjah]] for Eid al-Adha. The [[Night of Power]] (Arabic: لیلة القدر, <small>[[Romanization of Arabic|romanized]]</small>: Laylat al-Qadr), one of the last 10 nights of Ramadan, is the holiest night of the year.<ref>/{{cite web|title=Muslim Hands USA The Night of Power|trans-title=أيدي المسلمين في ليلة القوة في الولايات المتحدة|date=January 28, 2026| website=[[Muslim Hands]]|url=https://muslimhandsusa.org/latest/2025/03/laylat-al-qadr-understanding-the-night-of-power}}</ref> Conversely, the [[Day of Arafah]], the day before Eid al-Adha, is the holiest day of the Islamic year.{{cn|date=October 2023}}


Both Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha follow a period of 10 holy days or nights: the last 10 nights of [[Ramadan]] (Eid al-Fitr), and the first 10 days of [[Dhu al-Hijjah]] (Eid al-Adha). The [[Qadr Night|Night of Power]], one of the last 10 nights of Ramadan, is the holiest night of the year. Conversely, the [[Day of Arafah]], the day before Eid al-Adha, is the holiest day of the Islamic year.
There are a number of other days of note as well as festivals, some common to all Muslims, others specific to [[Shia Islam]] or branches thereof.


Additionally, Friday is considered the holiest day of the week, and in Islamic tradition, is considered a celebration in itself. [[Friday prayer|Friday Prayers]] (Juma) are congregational prayers held in mosques, and Muslims are encouraged to wear clean and refined clothes, perfume, and bathe. It's customary to eat special meals with family on this day.
Additionally, Friday is considered the holiest day of the week, and, in Islamic tradition, is considered a celebration in itself. [[Friday prayer|Friday prayers]] (Juma) are congregational prayers held in [[mosque]]s, and Muslims are encouraged to wear clean and refined clothes, perfume, and bathe. It is customary to eat special meals with family on this day.


==Holidays==
==Holidays==
{{Main|Eid al-Fitr|Eid al-Adha}}Eid al-Fitr is celebrated at the end of [[Ramadan]] (a month of fasting during daylight hours), and Muslims may perform acts of [[zakat]] (charity) on the occasion, which begins after the new moon is sighted for the beginning of the month of [[Shawwal]]. Celebration begins with prayers on the morning of 1 Shawwal, followed by breakfast, and often celebratory meals throughout the day.
{{Main|Eid al-Fitr|Eid al-Adha}}
Eid al-Fitr is celebrated at the end of [[Ramadan]] (a month of fasting during daylight hours), and Muslims may perform acts of [[zakat]] (charity) on the occasion, which begins after the new moon is sighted for the beginning of the month of [[Shawwal]]. Celebration begins with prayers on the morning of 1 Shawwal, followed by breakfast, and often celebratory meals throughout the day.


Eid al-Adha is celebrated on the tenth day of [[Dhu al-Hijjah]], when the [[Hajj]] pilgrimage takes place and lasts for four days. Muslims may perform an act of zakat and friendship by slaughtering a sheep and distributing the meat to family, friends, and to the poor. Muslims are also encouraged to be especially friendly and reach out to one another during this period.<ref>{{Cite book|last=الشحيمي|first=محمد|title=العيد فرحة وآداب|publisher=[[دائرة الشؤون الإسلامية والعمل الخيري]]|year=2014|isbn=978-9948-499-99-2|location=دبي، الامارات العربية المتحدة}}</ref>
Eid al-Adha is celebrated on the tenth day of [[Dhu al-Hijjah]], when the [[Hajj]] pilgrimage takes place which lasts for four days. Muslims may perform an act of zakat and friendship by slaughtering a sheep or cow and distributing the meat to family, friends, and the poor. Muslims are also encouraged to be especially friendly and reach out to one another during this period.<ref>{{Cite book|last=الشحيمي|first=محمد|title=العيد فرحة وآداب|publisher=[[دائرة الشؤون الإسلامية والعمل الخيري]]|year=2014|isbn=978-9948-499-99-2|location=دبي، الامارات العربية المتحدة}}</ref>


==Religious practices==
==Religious practices==
===Fasting===
===Fasting===
[[File:Fanous Ramadan.jpg|thumb|The Fanoos, or Fanoos Ramadan, is a lantern used to light up homes, mosques, and streets, during the holy month of Ramadan]]
[[File:Fanous Ramadan.jpg|thumb|The [[Fanoos]], a lantern used in homes, mosques and streets during Ramadan]]
{{Main|Ramadan}}
{{Main|Ramadan}}
Muslims celebrate when the [[Quran]] was first revealed to Prophet Muhammed by fasting from dawn to sunset during [[Ramadan (calendar month)|Ramadan]], the ninth month of the [[Islamic calendar]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=No god but God : the origins and evolution of Islam|last=Reza|first=Aslan|date=2011|publisher=Delacorte Press|isbn=9780385739757|edition=1st|location=New York|pages=118–119|oclc=614990718}}</ref> Fasting is a purifying experience so that Muslims can gain compassion and deepen their faith in Allah.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/ramadan0000aloi|title=Ramadan|last=Molly.|first=Aloian|date=2009|publisher=Crabtree|isbn=978-0778742852|location=New York|oclc=227911610|url-access=registration}}</ref>
Muslims celebrate when they believe the [[Quran]] was first revealed to Muhammed by fasting from dawn to sunset during [[Ramadan (calendar month)|Ramadan]], the ninth month of the [[Islamic calendar]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=No god but God : the origins and evolution of Islam|last=Reza|first=Aslan|date=2011|publisher=Delacorte Press|isbn=9780385739757|edition=1st|location=New York|pages=118–119|oclc=614990718}}</ref> Fasting is considered a purifying experience so that Muslims can gain compassion and deepen their faith in [[God in Islam|God]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/ramadan0000aloi|title=Ramadan|last=Molly.|first=Aloian|date=2009|publisher=Crabtree|isbn=978-0778742852|location=New York|oclc=227911610|url-access=registration}}</ref> Those with certain health conditions such as diabetes, and children are exempt from fasting.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ramadan and Diabetes |url=https://mcb.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Ramadan-Factsheet-English-2015-9_3_15.pdf |website=[[Muslim Council of Britain]] |access-date=18 July 2025}}</ref> Travelers, and women who are menstruating or nursing a baby, are exempt from fasting but are required to fast later.<ref>{{cite web |title=What are Missed Fasts in Islam and Who Has to Make Them Up? |url=https://islamic-relief.org/what-are-missed-fasts-in-islam-and-who-has-to-make-them-up/ |website=[[Islamic Relief]] |access-date=18 July 2025}}</ref>


The act of fasting represents the condition experienced by the needy, who although already hungry must also fast for Ramadan. Muslims fast by denying themselves food, water and all related sexual activity with their spouses, but people with chronic diseases or unhealthy conditions such as diabetes, and children are exempt from fasting. Travelers, and women who are menstruating or nursing a baby, are exempt from fasting but are required to fast later. A person's observance of fasting can be for naught if religiously forbidden acts are made, such as Ghibah (backbiting others) and deceiving others.{{Citation needed|date=February 2019}}
===Pilgrimage===
====Umrah====
{{Main|Umrah}}


===Pilgrimage===
====Hajj====
====Hajj====
{{Main|Hajj}}
{{Main|Hajj}}


====Umrah====
====Eid====
{{Main|Umrah}}
{{Main|Eid al-Adha}}


==Dates of holidays and other days of note==
==Dates of holidays and other days of note==
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
|-
! Holiday name!! Hijri date !! 1445 AH
! Holiday Name!! Hijri Date, 1447 AH
!1446 AH
! Gregorian Date, 2025-26
|-
| align="left" | [[Islamic New Year]] || align="left" | 1 Muḥarram
|26 June 2025
|-
| align="left" | [[Tasu'a]]{{efn|name=Shia|Primarily observed by Shias.}} || align="left" | 9 Muharram
|4 July 2025
|-
| align="left" | [[Ashura]] || align="left" | 10 Muḥarram
|5 July 2025
|-
| align="left" | [[Arbaʽeen]]{{efn|name=Shia|Primarily observed by Shias.}} || align="left" | 20 or 21 Ṣafar{{efn|Observed 40 days after Ashura.}}
|14 or 15 August 2025
|-
|-
| align="left" | [[Islamic New Year]] || align="left" | 1 Muḥarram || 19 July 2023
| align="left" | [[Akhiri Chahar Shambah]]{{efn|Primarily observed by Muslims in Iran and Indian subcontinent.}} || align="left" | Last Wednesday of Ṣafar
|7 July 2024
|20 August 2025
|-
|-
| align="left" | [[Ashura]] || align="left" | 10 Muḥarram || 28 July 2023
| align="left" | [[Eid-e-Shuja']] (Eid-e-Zahra){{efn|name=Twelver|Primarily observed by [[Twelver|Twelver Shias]].}} || align="left" | 9 Rabī‘ al-Awwal
|17 July 2024
|1 September 2025
|-
|-
| align="left" | [[Arbaʽeen]]{{efn|name=Shia|Primarily observed by Shias.}} || align="left" | 20 or 21 Ṣafar{{efn|Observed 40 days after Ashura.}} || 6 Sep. 2023
| align="left" | [[Mawlid|Mawlid an-Nabī]]<br />(Birthday of [[Muhammad]]){{efn|Not observed by Wahhabis, Deobandis and Ahl-i-Hadith}}|| align="left" | 12 Rabī‘ al-Awwal
|26 Aug. 2024
|4th  September 2025
|-
|-
| align="left" | [[Eid-e-Shuja']] (Eid-e-Zahra){{efn|name=Twelver|Primarily observed by [[Twelver|Twelver Shias]].}} || align="left" | 9 Rabī‘ al-Awwal || 24 Sep. 2023
| align="left" | Baptism of Muhammad{{efn|Mostly observed in the [[Sahel]]}} || align="left" | 19 Rabī‘ al-Awwal  
|
|11 September 2025
|-
|-
| align="left" | [[Mawlid|Mawlid an-Nabī]]<br />('Birthday of the [[Muhammad|Prophet Muhammad]]){{efn|Not observed by Wahhabis, Deobandis and Ahl-i-Hadith}}|| align="left" | 12 Rabī‘ al-Awwal || 27 Sep. 2023
| align="left" | Beginning the Three Holy Months || align="left" | 1 Rajab
|15 Sep. 2024
|21 December 2025
|-
|-
| align="left" | Beginning the Three Holy Months || align="left" | 1 Rajab || 13 January 2024
| align="left" | [[Laylat al-Raghaib]] || align="left" | 2 Rajab  
|
|22 December 2025
|-
|-
| align="left" | [[Laylat al-Raghaib]] || align="left" | 2 Rajab || 14 January 2024
| align="left" | Birthday of [[Ali|‘Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib]]{{efn|name=Shia}} || align="left" | [[13 Rajab]]
|
|2 January 2026
|-
|-
| align="left" | Birthday of [[Ali|‘Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib]]{{efn|name=Shia}} || align="left" | [[13 Rajab]] || 25 Jan. 2024
| align="left" | [[Isra and Mi'raj|Laylat al-Mi'raj]] || align="left" | 26 Rajab or 27 Rajab{{efn|There is some disagreement about this date; see [[Isra and Mi'raj#Modern Muslim observance|Isra and Mi'raj]].}}
|
|15 or 16 January 2026
|-
|-
| align="left" | [[Isra and Mi'raj|Laylat al-Mi'raj]] || align="left" | 26 Rajab or 27 Rajab{{efn|There is some disagreement about this date; see [[Isra and Mi'raj#Modern Muslim observance|Isra and Mi'raj]].}} || 7-8 Feb. 2024
| align="left" | [[Mid-Sha'ban|Laylat al-Bara'at]] || align="left" | 15 Sha‘bān
|
|3 February 2026
|-
|-
| align="left" | [[Mid-Sha'ban|Laylat al-Bara'at]] || align="left" | 15 Sha‘bān || 25 Feb. 2024
| align="left" | Birthday of [[Hujjat-Allah imam al-Mahdi|Hujjat-Allah al-Mahdī]]{{efn|name=Twelver|Primarily observed by [[Twelver|Twelver Shias]].}} || align="left" | 15 Sha‘bān  
|
|3 February 2026
|-
|-
| align="left" | Birthday of [[Hujjat-Allah al-Mahdi|Hujjat-Allah al-Mahdī]]{{efn|name=Twelver|Primarily observed by [[Twelver|Twelver Shias]].}} || align="left" | 15 Sha‘bān || 25 Feb. 2024
| align="left" | First day of [[Ramadan|Ramaḍān]] || align="left" | 1 Ramaḍān
|
|18 February 2026
|-
|-
| align="left" | First day of [[Ramadan|Ramaḍān]] || align="left" | 1 Ramaḍān || 11 Mar. 2024
| align="left" | [[Qadr Night|Laylat al-Qadr]] || align="left" | 21, 23, 25, 27, or 29 Ramaḍān{{efn|Most often observed on 23 Ramaḍān by Shias and 27 Ramaḍān by Sunnis; see [[Qadr Night#Date|Laylat al-Qadr]].}}
|
|10th, 12th, 14, 16 and 18 March 2026
|-
|-
| align="left" | '''[[Qadr Night|Laylat al-Qadr]]''' || align="left" | 21, 23, 25, 27, or 29 Ramaḍān{{efn|Most often observed on 23 Ramaḍān by Shias and 27 Ramaḍān by Sunnis; see [[Qadr Night#Date|Laylat al-Qadr]].}} || between<br />29 Mar. & 8 Apr. 2024
| align="left" | [[Jumu'atul-Wida]]|| align="left" | Last Friday in the month of Ramadan before Eid al-Fitr
|
|13 March 2026
|-
|-
| align="left" | [[Chaand Raat]]{{efn|Primarily observed in [[South Asia]].}} || align="left" | 29 or 30 Ramaḍān{{efn|Observed on the last evening of Ramaḍān; see [[Chaand Raat#Background|Chaand Raat]].}} || 9 Apr. 2024
| align="left" | [[Chaand Raat]]{{efn|Primarily observed in [[South Asia]].}} || align="left" | 1 or 2
|
Ramadan
|18 or 19 March 2026
|-
|-
| align="left" | '''[[Eid al-Fitr]]''' || align="left" | '''1 Shawwāl''' || '''10 Apr. 2024'''
| align="left" | [[Eid al-Fitr]] || align="left" | 1 Shawwāl  
|9 April 2024
|20 March 2026
|-
|-
| align="left" | [[Hajj]] || align="left" | 8–13 Dhū al-Ḥijja || 14–19 June 2024
| align="left" | [[Hajj]] || align="left" | 8–13 Dhū al-Ḥijja  
|
|25 - 30 May 2026
|-
|-
| align="left" | '''[[Day of Arafah]]''' || align="left" | 9 Dhū al-Ḥijja || 15 June 2024
| align="left" | [[Day of Arafah]] || align="left" | 9 Dhū al-Ḥijja  
|15 June 2024
|26 May 2026
|-
|-
| align="left" | '''[[Eid al-Adha]]''' || align="left" | '''10 Dhū al-Ḥijja''' || '''16 June 2024'''
| align="left" | [[Eid al-Adha]] || align="left" | 10 Dhū al-Ḥijja  
|16 June 2024
|27 May 2026
|-
|-
| align="left" | [[Event of Ghadir Khumm|Eid al-Ghadeer]]{{efn|name=Shia}} || align="left" | 18 Dhū al-Ḥijja || 24 June 2024
| align="left" | [[Eid al-Ghadir]]{{efn|name=Shia}} || align="left" | 18 Dhū al-Ḥijja  
|
|4 June 2026
|-
|-
| align="left" | [[Event of Mubahala|Eid al-Mubahalah]]{{efn|name=Shia}} || align="left" | 24 Dhū al-Ḥijja || 30 June 2024
| align="left" | [[Event of Mubahala|Eid al-Mubahalah]]{{efn|name=Shia}} || align="left" | 24 Dhū al-Ḥijja  
|
|10 June 2026
|}
|}


===Notes to table===
==Notes==
{{Notelist|45em}}
{{Notelist}}


==References==
==References==
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{{Eid}}
{{Eid}}
{{Muslimholidays}}
{{Muslimholidays}}
{{Ramadan}}
{{Islam topics|state=collapsed}}
{{Islam topics|state=collapsed}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Islamic holy days| ]]
[[Category:Islamic holidays| ]]
[[Category:Religious holidays]]
[[Category:Religious holidays]]

Latest revision as of 03:17, 8 March 2026


Eid celebration in Sholakia, Bangladesh. The largest Eid congregation.

There are two main holidays in Islam that are celebrated by Muslims worldwide: Eid al-Fitr and Eid al Adha. The timing of both holidays are set by the lunar Islamic calendar, which is based upon the cycle of the moon, and so is different from the more common, European, solar-based Gregorian calendar. Every year, the Gregorian dates of the Islamic holidays change.

Both Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha follow a period of 10 holy days or nights: the last 10 nights of Ramadan for Eid al-Fitr, and the first 10 days of Dhu al-Hijjah for Eid al-Adha. The Night of Power (Arabic: لیلة القدر, romanized: Laylat al-Qadr), one of the last 10 nights of Ramadan, is the holiest night of the year.[1] Conversely, the Day of Arafah, the day before Eid al-Adha, is the holiest day of the Islamic year.[citation needed]

There are a number of other days of note as well as festivals, some common to all Muslims, others specific to Shia Islam or branches thereof.

Additionally, Friday is considered the holiest day of the week, and, in Islamic tradition, is considered a celebration in itself. Friday prayers (Juma) are congregational prayers held in mosques, and Muslims are encouraged to wear clean and refined clothes, perfume, and bathe. It is customary to eat special meals with family on this day.

Holidays[edit | edit source]

Eid al-Fitr is celebrated at the end of Ramadan (a month of fasting during daylight hours), and Muslims may perform acts of zakat (charity) on the occasion, which begins after the new moon is sighted for the beginning of the month of Shawwal. Celebration begins with prayers on the morning of 1 Shawwal, followed by breakfast, and often celebratory meals throughout the day.

Eid al-Adha is celebrated on the tenth day of Dhu al-Hijjah, when the Hajj pilgrimage takes place which lasts for four days. Muslims may perform an act of zakat and friendship by slaughtering a sheep or cow and distributing the meat to family, friends, and the poor. Muslims are also encouraged to be especially friendly and reach out to one another during this period.[2]

Religious practices[edit | edit source]

Fasting[edit | edit source]

The Fanoos, a lantern used in homes, mosques and streets during Ramadan

Muslims celebrate when they believe the Quran was first revealed to Muhammed by fasting from dawn to sunset during Ramadan, the ninth month of the Islamic calendar.[3] Fasting is considered a purifying experience so that Muslims can gain compassion and deepen their faith in God.[4] Those with certain health conditions such as diabetes, and children are exempt from fasting.[5] Travelers, and women who are menstruating or nursing a baby, are exempt from fasting but are required to fast later.[6]

Pilgrimage[edit | edit source]

Umrah[edit | edit source]

Hajj[edit | edit source]

Eid[edit | edit source]

Dates of holidays and other days of note[edit | edit source]

The Islamic calendar is based on the synodic period of the Moon's revolution around the Earth, approximately 29​12 days. The Islamic calendar alternates months of 29 and 30 days (which begin with the new moon). Twelve of these months make up an Islamic year, which is 11 days shorter than the Gregorian year. Some Gregorian dates may vary slightly from those given, and may also vary by country. See Islamic calendar.[7][8]

Holiday Name Hijri Date, 1447 AH Gregorian Date, 2025-26
Islamic New Year 1 Muḥarram 26 June 2025
Tasu'a[lower-alpha 1] 9 Muharram 4 July 2025
Ashura 10 Muḥarram 5 July 2025
Arbaʽeen[lower-alpha 1] 20 or 21 Ṣafar[lower-alpha 2] 14 or 15 August 2025
Akhiri Chahar Shambah[lower-alpha 3] Last Wednesday of Ṣafar 20 August 2025
Eid-e-Shuja' (Eid-e-Zahra)[lower-alpha 4] 9 Rabī‘ al-Awwal 1 September 2025
Mawlid an-Nabī
(Birthday of Muhammad)[lower-alpha 5]
12 Rabī‘ al-Awwal 4th September 2025
Baptism of Muhammad[lower-alpha 6] 19 Rabī‘ al-Awwal 11 September 2025
Beginning the Three Holy Months 1 Rajab 21 December 2025
Laylat al-Raghaib 2 Rajab 22 December 2025
Birthday of ‘Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib[lower-alpha 1] 13 Rajab 2 January 2026
Laylat al-Mi'raj 26 Rajab or 27 Rajab[lower-alpha 7] 15 or 16 January 2026
Laylat al-Bara'at 15 Sha‘bān 3 February 2026
Birthday of Hujjat-Allah al-Mahdī[lower-alpha 4] 15 Sha‘bān 3 February 2026
First day of Ramaḍān 1 Ramaḍān 18 February 2026
Laylat al-Qadr 21, 23, 25, 27, or 29 Ramaḍān[lower-alpha 8] 10th, 12th, 14, 16 and 18 March 2026
Jumu'atul-Wida Last Friday in the month of Ramadan before Eid al-Fitr 13 March 2026
Chaand Raat[lower-alpha 9] 1 or 2

Ramadan

18 or 19 March 2026
Eid al-Fitr 1 Shawwāl 20 March 2026
Hajj 8–13 Dhū al-Ḥijja 25 - 30 May 2026
Day of Arafah 9 Dhū al-Ḥijja 26 May 2026
Eid al-Adha 10 Dhū al-Ḥijja 27 May 2026
Eid al-Ghadir[lower-alpha 1] 18 Dhū al-Ḥijja 4 June 2026
Eid al-Mubahalah[lower-alpha 1] 24 Dhū al-Ḥijja 10 June 2026

Notes[edit | edit source]

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Primarily observed by Shias.
  2. Observed 40 days after Ashura.
  3. Primarily observed by Muslims in Iran and Indian subcontinent.
  4. 4.0 4.1 Primarily observed by Twelver Shias.
  5. Not observed by Wahhabis, Deobandis and Ahl-i-Hadith
  6. Mostly observed in the Sahel
  7. There is some disagreement about this date; see Isra and Mi'raj.
  8. Most often observed on 23 Ramaḍān by Shias and 27 Ramaḍān by Sunnis; see Laylat al-Qadr.
  9. Primarily observed in South Asia.

References[edit | edit source]

  1. /"Muslim Hands USA The Night of Power" [أيدي المسلمين في ليلة القوة في الولايات المتحدة]. Muslim Hands. 28 January 2026.
  2. الشحيمي, محمد (2014). العيد فرحة وآداب. دبي، الامارات العربية المتحدة: دائرة الشؤون الإسلامية والعمل الخيري. ISBN 978-9948-499-99-2.
  3. Reza, Aslan (2011). No god but God : the origins and evolution of Islam (1st ed.). New York: Delacorte Press. pp. 118–119. ISBN 9780385739757. OCLC 614990718.
  4. Molly., Aloian (2009). Ramadan. New York: Crabtree. ISBN 978-0778742852. OCLC 227911610.
  5. "Ramadan and Diabetes" (PDF). Muslim Council of Britain. Retrieved 18 July 2025.
  6. "What are Missed Fasts in Islam and Who Has to Make Them Up?". Islamic Relief. Retrieved 18 July 2025.
  7. "Islamic Calendar". IslamicFinder. Retrieved 12 September 2020.
  8. "Special Islamic Days". IslamicFinder. Retrieved 12 September 2020.

Further reading[edit | edit source]

  • Leaman, Oliver, "Festivals of Love", in Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God (2 vols.), Edited by C. Fitzpatrick and A. Walker, Santa Barbara, ABC-CLIO, 2014, Vol I, pp. 197–199.

External links[edit | edit source]

Template:Eid Template:Muslimholidays Template:Ramadan