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{{Short description|Sultan of Bijapur from 1535 to 1558}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{multiple issues|
{{more footnotes|date=March 2013}}
{{more footnotes|date=March 2013}}
{{cleanup|reason=infobox|date=March 2013}}
{{Infobox monarch
}}
| name         = Ibrahim Adil Shah Buzurg
 
| title       =  
{{Infobox monarch
| succession  = 4th [[Adil Shahi dynasty|Sultan of Bijapur]]
| name = Ibrahim Adil Shah Buzurg
| image       =  
| title = Adil Shahi Emperor
| reign       = 21 March 1535 – September 1558<ref name="o497">{{cite web | author=M. H. RAMA SHARMA| title=Full text of "THE HISTORY OF VIJAYANAGAR EMPIRE VOL.1" | website=Internet Archive | date=23 October 2016 | url=https://archive.org/stream/dli.bengal.10689.12385/10689.12385_djvu.txt | access-date=4 February 2025}}</ref><ref name="w860">{{cite web | title=History of Medieval Deccan | first=H. K. | last=Sherwani | url=https://ia801501.us.archive.org/33/items/in.ernet.dli.2015.127053/2015.127053.History-Of-Medieval-Deccan-Vol-i-1295-1724_text.pdf | access-date=12 November 2025 | page=289}}</ref>
| image =
| full name   = Sultan Abul Nasser Ibrahim Adil Shah
| reign = 1534–1558
| predecessor = [[Mallu Adil Shah]]
| full name = Sultan Abul Nasser Ibrahim Adil Shah
| successor   = [[Ali Adil Shah I]]
| predecessor = [[Mallu Adil Shah]]
| spouse       = Khusrow-un-nisa begum (daughter of [[Asad Khan Lari]]) <br/>Rabiya Sultana (daughter of [[Aladdin Imad Shah]])
| successor = [[Ali Adil Shah I]]
| issue       = * Ismail
| spouse = Khusrow-un-nisa begum (daughter of Asad Khan Lari) <br/>Rabiya Sultana (daughter of [[Aladdin Imad Shah]])
| issue = * Ismail  
* [[Ali Adil Shah I]]
* [[Ali Adil Shah I]]
* Tahmasp  
* Tahmasp
* Ahmed  
* Ahmed
* Saani Bibi (wife of [[Ali Barid Shah I]])  
* Saani Bibi (wife of [[Ali Barid Shah I]])
* Hadiya Sultana (wife of [[Murtaza Nizam Shah I]])
* Hadiya Sultana (wife of [[Murtaza Nizam Shah I]])
| dynasty = [[Adil Shahi|Adil Shahi Empire]]
| dynasty     = [[Adil Shahi|Adil Shahi Empire]]
| father = [[Ismail Adil Shah]]
| father       = [[Ismail Adil Shah]]
| mother = Fatima Beebi
| mother       = Fatima Beebi
| birth_place = [[Adil Shahi|Bijapur]]
| birth_place = [[Bijapur]]
| death_date = 1558
| death_date   = September 1558
| death_place = [[Adil Shahi|Bijapur]]
| death_place = [[Bijapur]]
| date of burial = 1558
| burial_date  = 1558
| place of burial =In the campus of the Great [[Sufi]] [[Saint]] Chandah Husaini of Gogi, Shahpur, District [[Gulbarga]], next to his father and grandfather.
| burial_place = In the campus of the Great [[Sufi]] [[Saint]] Chandah Husaini of Gogi, Shahpur, District [[Gulbarga]], next to his father and grandfather.
| religion = : [[Sunni Islam]]
| religion     = [[Sunni Islam]]<ref name="ReferenceF">Muhammad Qasim [[Firishta]]'s Tarikh-e-Firishta.</ref><ref name="ReferenceA">Busateenus-Salateen a Persian Manuscript of Mirza Ibrahim Zubairi.</ref><ref name="ReferenceC">Mirza Ibrahim Zubairi, Rouzatul Auliya-e-Bijapur.</ref>
}}
}}
'''Ibrahim Adil Shah I''' (1534–1558) was a [[Sultan]] and later [[Shah]] of the Indian kingdom.              of [[Bijapur, Karnataka|Bijapur]]. He succeeded his elder brother, [[Mallu Adil Shah]], through the machinations of the Afaqi faction at the court. He was the first [[Bijapur Sultanate|Adil Shahi]] ruler to assume the royal title of [[Shah]].
 
'''Ibrahim Adil Shah I''' ({{langx|fa|{{Nastaliq|ابراهیم عادل شاه}}}}; died September 1558) was [[sultan]] of the Indian [[Sultanate of Bijapur]]. He succeeded his elder brother, [[Mallu Adil Shah]], through the machinations of the Afaqi faction at the court. He was the first Adil Shahi ruler to assume the royal title of [[Shah]].


==Faith==
==Faith==
Having a strong penchant for [[Sunni Islam]], the religion of most Deccani Muslims<ref>{{cite book|author1=Navina Najat Haidar|author2=Marika Sardar|title=Sultans of Deccan India, 1500–1700: Opulence and Fantasy|url=https://archive.org/details/sultansofdeccani1500haid|url-access=registration|date=13 Apr 2015|publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art|isbn=9780300211108|page=[https://archive.org/details/sultansofdeccani1500haid/page/6 6]|edition=illustrated}}</ref>—on his accession he deleted the names of the twelve [[Shia|Shi'ah]] Imams from the Khutbah, discontinued previous Shia practices and restored the exercise of the [[Sunni|Sunni Islamic]] practices.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Shanti Sadiq Ali|title=The African Dispersal in the Deccan: From Medieval to Modern Times|date=1 Jan 1996|publisher=Orient Blackswan|isbn=9788125004851|page=112}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=Sanjay Subrahmanyam|title=Three Ways to be Alien: Travails and Encounters in the Early Modern World|date=2011|publisher=UPNE|isbn=9781611680195|page=36|edition=illustrated}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=Richard M. Eaton|title=A Social History of the Deccan, 1300-1761: Eight Indian Lives, Volume 1|date=17 Nov 2005|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521254847|page=145|edition=illustrated}}</ref> He deviated from the traditions of his predecessors and introduced many innovations in the political and religious policies. He degraded most of the afaqi faction (with a few exceptions), and in their place enrolled the [[Deccan sultanates|Deccani]] (including the [[Maratha]]s and [[Habashis]]) to the services, retaining only four hundred afaqi troops as his bodyguard. Consequently, he brought [[Sunni Muslim]]s to power and ended Shia domination by dismissing them from their posts<ref>{{cite book|author1=Radhey Shyam Chaurasia|title=History of Medieval India: From 1000 A.D. to 1707 A.D.|date=1 Jan 2002|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist|isbn=9788126901234|page=101}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=Shihan de S. Jayasuriya|author2=Richard Pankhurst|title=The African Diaspora in the Indian Ocean|date=2003|publisher=Africa World Press|isbn=9780865439801|pages=196–7|edition=illustrated}}</ref> and many [[Maratha]]s acquired great influence at his court and public accounts began to be maintained in [[Marathi language|Marathi]].
Having a strong penchant for [[Sunni Islam]], the religion of most Deccani Muslims<ref>{{cite book|author1=Navina Najat Haidar|author2=Marika Sardar|title=Sultans of Deccan India, 1500–1700: Opulence and Fantasy|url=https://archive.org/details/sultansofdeccani1500haid|url-access=registration|date=13 Apr 2015|publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art|isbn=9780300211108|page=[https://archive.org/details/sultansofdeccani1500haid/page/6 6]|edition=illustrated}}</ref>—on his accession he deleted the names of the twelve [[Shia|Shi'ah]] Imams from the Khutbah (Friday prayer sermon), discontinued previous Shia practices and restored the exercise of the [[Sunni|Sunni Islamic]] practices.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Shanti Sadiq Ali|title=The African Dispersal in the Deccan: From Medieval to Modern Times|date=1 Jan 1996|publisher=Orient Blackswan|isbn=9788125004851|page=112}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=Sanjay Subrahmanyam|title=Three Ways to be Alien: Travails and Encounters in the Early Modern World|date=2011|publisher=UPNE|isbn=9781611680195|page=36|edition=illustrated}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=Richard M. Eaton|title=A Social History of the Deccan, 1300-1761: Eight Indian Lives, Volume 1|date=17 Nov 2005|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521254847|page=145|edition=illustrated}}</ref> He deviated from the traditions of his predecessors and introduced many innovations in the political and religious policies. He degraded most of the afaqi faction (with a few exceptions), and in their place enrolled the [[Deccan sultanates|Deccani]] (including the [[Maratha]]s and [[Habashis]]) to the services, retaining only four hundred afaqi troops as his bodyguard. Consequently, he brought [[Sunni Muslim]]s to power and ended Shia domination by dismissing them from their posts<ref>{{cite book|author1=Radhey Shyam Chaurasia|title=History of Medieval India: From 1000 A.D. to 1707 A.D.|date=1 Jan 2002|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist|isbn=9788126901234|page=101}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=Shihan de S. Jayasuriya|author2=Richard Pankhurst|title=The African Diaspora in the Indian Ocean|date=2003|publisher=Africa World Press|isbn=9780865439801|pages=196–7|edition=illustrated}}</ref> and many [[Maratha]]s acquired great influence at his court and public accounts began to be maintained in [[Marathi language|Marathi]].


==Policies==
==Policies==
Ibrahim's anti-afaqi policy, however, considerably weakened the kingdom as the dismissed personnel joined the service of the neighbouring rulers. This exposed the kingdom to a series of invasions. Yet it was the veteran afaqi leader Asad Khan Lari (Buried in [[Belgaum]]), who acting as a diplomatic counselor to Ibrahim, saved the kingdom in the hour of crisis.
Ibrahim's anti-afaqi policy, however, considerably weakened the kingdom as the dismissed personnel joined the service of the neighbouring rulers. This exposed the kingdom to a series of invasions. Yet it was the veteran afaqi leader [[Asad Khan Lari]] (buried in [[Belgaum]]), who acting as a diplomatic counselor to Ibrahim, saved the kingdom in the hour of crisis.


==Reign==
==Reign==
The reign of Ibrahim, which lasted twenty-four years and a few months, was full of alliances and counter-alliances with and against [[Ahmednagar|Ahmadnagar]], [[Bidar]], [[Berar Sultanate|Berar]], [[Golkonda]] and [[Vijayanagara Empire|Vijayanagar]]. Although there were continuous expeditions little territorial expansion was made, for gains in one direction were compensated by loss on the other side. Thus while [[Bidar]] was conquered, [[Solapur]] and [[Basavakalyan|Kalyani]] were lost to [[Ahmednagar|Ahmadnagar]]. On the other hand, considerable acquisitions were made in the south along the west-coast. The farthest point of Bijapur territory now extended south of [[Goa]]. Further, though [[Golkonda]] was not subdued, [[Bijapur Sultanate|Bijapur]] army were able to reach the walls of [[Golkonda]] fort and return triumphantly.
The reign of Ibrahim, which lasted twenty-four years and a few months, was full of alliances and counter-alliances with and against [[Ahmednagar|Ahmadnagar]], [[Bidar]], [[Berar Sultanate|Berar]], [[Golkonda]] and [[Vijayanagara Empire|Vijayanagar]]. Although there were continuous expeditions, little territorial expansion was made, for gains in one direction were compensated by loss on the other side. Thus while [[Bidar]] was conquered, [[Solapur]] and [[Basavakalyan|Kalyani]] were lost to [[Ahmednagar|Ahmadnagar]]. On the other hand, considerable acquisitions were made in the south along the west coast. The farthest point of Bijapur territory now extended south of [[Goa]]. Further, though [[Golkonda]] was not subdued, the [[Bijapur Sultanate|Bijapur]] army was able to reach the walls of [[Golkonda]] fort and return triumphantly.


==Death==
==Death==
Ibrahim was buried near the famous [[Sufi]] saint Chandah Hussaini Ashrafi in Gogi, where his father, Ismail and grandfather [[Yusuf Adil Shah|Yusuf]] were also buried. On his mausoleum is an inscription of the names of Allah, Muhammad, the [[Rashidun Caliphs]], and other [[Sahaba]].<ref>{{cite book|author1=Farooqui Salma Ahmed|title=A Comprehensive History of Medieval India: Twelfth to the Mid-Eighteenth Century|date=2011|publisher=Pearson Education India|isbn=9788131732021|page=176}}</ref>
Ibrahim was buried near the famous [[Sufi]] saint Chandah Hussaini Ashrafi in Gogi, where his father, Ismail and grandfather [[Yusuf Adil Shah|Yusuf]] were also buried. On his mausoleum is an inscription of the names of Allah, Muhammad, the [[Rashidun Caliphs]], and other [[Sahaba]].<ref>{{cite book|author1=Farooqui Salma Ahmed|title=A Comprehensive History of Medieval India: Twelfth to the Mid-Eighteenth Century|date=2011|publisher=Pearson Education India|isbn=9788131732021|page=176}}</ref>
==See also==
*[[Adil Shahi–Portuguese conflicts]]


==References==
==References==
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Adil Shah, Ibrahim}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Adil Shah, Ibrahim}}
[[Category:1534 births]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing]]
[[Category:1558 deaths]]
[[Category:1558 deaths]]
[[Category:Sultans of Bijapur]]
[[Category:Sultans of Bijapur]]
[[Category:Adil Shahi dynasty]]
 
[[Category:1534 in India]]
[[Category:1558 in India]]
[[Category:16th-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:16th-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:Converts to Sunni Islam from Shia Islam]]
[[Category:Converts to Sunni Islam from Shia Islam]]
{{India-royal-stub}}

Latest revision as of 21:05, 26 February 2026


Ibrahim Adil Shah Buzurg
4th Sultan of Bijapur
Reign21 March 1535 – September 1558[1][2]
PredecessorMallu Adil Shah
SuccessorAli Adil Shah I
BornBijapur
DiedSeptember 1558
Bijapur
Burial1558
In the campus of the Great Sufi Saint Chandah Husaini of Gogi, Shahpur, District Gulbarga, next to his father and grandfather.
SpouseKhusrow-un-nisa begum (daughter of Asad Khan Lari)
Rabiya Sultana (daughter of Aladdin Imad Shah)
Issue
Names
Sultan Abul Nasser Ibrahim Adil Shah
DynastyAdil Shahi Empire
FatherIsmail Adil Shah
MotherFatima Beebi
ReligionSunni Islam[3][4][5]

Ibrahim Adil Shah I (Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.; died September 1558) was sultan of the Indian Sultanate of Bijapur. He succeeded his elder brother, Mallu Adil Shah, through the machinations of the Afaqi faction at the court. He was the first Adil Shahi ruler to assume the royal title of Shah.

Faith[edit | edit source]

Having a strong penchant for Sunni Islam, the religion of most Deccani Muslims[6]—on his accession he deleted the names of the twelve Shi'ah Imams from the Khutbah (Friday prayer sermon), discontinued previous Shia practices and restored the exercise of the Sunni Islamic practices.[7][8][9] He deviated from the traditions of his predecessors and introduced many innovations in the political and religious policies. He degraded most of the afaqi faction (with a few exceptions), and in their place enrolled the Deccani (including the Marathas and Habashis) to the services, retaining only four hundred afaqi troops as his bodyguard. Consequently, he brought Sunni Muslims to power and ended Shia domination by dismissing them from their posts[10][11] and many Marathas acquired great influence at his court and public accounts began to be maintained in Marathi.

Policies[edit | edit source]

Ibrahim's anti-afaqi policy, however, considerably weakened the kingdom as the dismissed personnel joined the service of the neighbouring rulers. This exposed the kingdom to a series of invasions. Yet it was the veteran afaqi leader Asad Khan Lari (buried in Belgaum), who acting as a diplomatic counselor to Ibrahim, saved the kingdom in the hour of crisis.

Reign[edit | edit source]

The reign of Ibrahim, which lasted twenty-four years and a few months, was full of alliances and counter-alliances with and against Ahmadnagar, Bidar, Berar, Golkonda and Vijayanagar. Although there were continuous expeditions, little territorial expansion was made, for gains in one direction were compensated by loss on the other side. Thus while Bidar was conquered, Solapur and Kalyani were lost to Ahmadnagar. On the other hand, considerable acquisitions were made in the south along the west coast. The farthest point of Bijapur territory now extended south of Goa. Further, though Golkonda was not subdued, the Bijapur army was able to reach the walls of Golkonda fort and return triumphantly.

Death[edit | edit source]

Ibrahim was buried near the famous Sufi saint Chandah Hussaini Ashrafi in Gogi, where his father, Ismail and grandfather Yusuf were also buried. On his mausoleum is an inscription of the names of Allah, Muhammad, the Rashidun Caliphs, and other Sahaba.[12]

See also[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ M. H. RAMA SHARMA (23 October 2016). "Full text of "THE HISTORY OF VIJAYANAGAR EMPIRE VOL.1"". Internet Archive. Retrieved 4 February 2025.
  2. ↑ Sherwani, H. K. "History of Medieval Deccan" (PDF). p. 289. Retrieved 12 November 2025.
  3. ↑ Muhammad Qasim Firishta's Tarikh-e-Firishta.
  4. ↑ Busateenus-Salateen a Persian Manuscript of Mirza Ibrahim Zubairi.
  5. ↑ Mirza Ibrahim Zubairi, Rouzatul Auliya-e-Bijapur.
  6. ↑ Navina Najat Haidar; Marika Sardar (13 April 2015). Sultans of Deccan India, 1500–1700: Opulence and Fantasy (illustrated ed.). Metropolitan Museum of Art. p. 6. ISBN 9780300211108.
  7. ↑ Shanti Sadiq Ali (1 January 1996). The African Dispersal in the Deccan: From Medieval to Modern Times. Orient Blackswan. p. 112. ISBN 9788125004851.
  8. ↑ Sanjay Subrahmanyam (2011). Three Ways to be Alien: Travails and Encounters in the Early Modern World (illustrated ed.). UPNE. p. 36. ISBN 9781611680195.
  9. ↑ Richard M. Eaton (17 November 2005). A Social History of the Deccan, 1300-1761: Eight Indian Lives, Volume 1 (illustrated ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 145. ISBN 9780521254847.
  10. ↑ Radhey Shyam Chaurasia (1 January 2002). History of Medieval India: From 1000 A.D. to 1707 A.D. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. p. 101. ISBN 9788126901234.
  11. ↑ Shihan de S. Jayasuriya; Richard Pankhurst (2003). The African Diaspora in the Indian Ocean (illustrated ed.). Africa World Press. pp. 196–7. ISBN 9780865439801.
  12. ↑ Farooqui Salma Ahmed (2011). A Comprehensive History of Medieval India: Twelfth to the Mid-Eighteenth Century. Pearson Education India. p. 176. ISBN 9788131732021.
  • Wakiyate Mamlakate Bijapur by Basheeruddin Dehelvi.
  • Tareekhe Farishta by Kasim Farishta
  • External Relation of Bijapur Adil Shahis.
Preceded by
Mallu Adil Shah 		Adil Shahi Rulers of Bijapur
1534–1558 		Succeeded by
Ali Adil Shah I
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