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'''Kushan'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Warikoo |first=Kulbhushan |url=https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=zxtuAAAAMAAJ&q=kushan+subcaste+of+Gujjars&dq=kushan+subcaste+of+Gujjars&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjAg_XFpsOAAxUVWqQEHRALAbYQ6wF6BAgDEAU#kushan%20subcaste%20of%20Gujjars |title=Gujjars of Jammu and Kashmir (Page_6) |last2=Som |first2=Sujit |date=2000 |publisher=Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Manav Sangrahalaya |pages=6 |language=en |quote="Some Huns claim to be Kushans . Kushan and Hun undoubtedly were Kshatriyas . Both the sub - castes are among the Gurjars . General Cunningham and others historians have mentioned them as Gurjars."}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Ahmed |first=Mukhtar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iHFHDAAAQBAJ&newbks=0&hl=en |title=The Arains: A Historical Perspective (Page_51) |date=2016-04-18 |publisher=Createspace |isbn=978-1-5327-8117-9 |pages=51 |language=en |quote="...'Korso' and 'Kushan' written on the coins of Kushan king Kanishk is same as Gorsi and Kusane (Kushan) clans of the Gujjars."}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Tyagi |first=Vidya Prakash |url=https://www.amazon.in/Martial-Races-Undivided-India-Prakash/dp/8178357755 |title=Martial races of undivided India |date=2009 |publisher=G.House |isbn=978-81-7835-775-1 |pages=230 |language=en |quote="The Kushan, sub-caste of the Gujjars, was a native family at Peshawar, that is why Kanishk spared Subahu Nagar, the Ruler of Patna. The family was called Devaputra, the Aryan."}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Rahi |first=Javaid |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KI1pEAAAQBAJ&newbks=0&hl=en |title=The Gujjars Vol: 01 and 02 Edited by Dr. Javaid Rahi |date=2012-01-01 |publisher=Jammu and Kashmir Acacademy of Art, Culture , Languages , Jammu |pages=291 |language=en |quote="The Kushan is a tribe (gotra) of Gurjar race and claims their originator Kush the younger son of Sri Raam Chanderji (G.C.H. page ... Of the same district Maulvi Fateh-ud Din Kushan was Director of Agriculture Department of the Punjab."}}</ref> Or '''Kushana'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Khari |first=Rahul |url=https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=1lGgAAAAMAAJ&q=kushana+Gujar&dq=kushana+Gujar&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiV-vOhzMOAAxXtTaQEHaU9BjYQ6wF6BAgOEAU#kushana%20Gujar |title=Jats and Gujars: Origin, History and Culture (Page_168) |date=2007 |publisher=Reference Press |isbn=978-81-8405-031-8 |pages=168 |language=en |quote="After Vasishka Kushana power was on the decline although they ruled upto the IVth A. D over small kingdoms . '''Kasana''' is a modern name of '''Kushana''' and is a most common Gotra ( Clan ) among the Gujjar community and they are in abundance in..."}}</ref>, is a major clan (Gotra) of the [[Gurjar]] community of [[India]], Pakistanx, and [[Afghanistan]]. In some regions especially in Punjab and Kashmir, they are also known as '''Kasana'''<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=5vGzAAAAIAAJ&q=kasana+Gujjars&dq=kasana+Gujjars&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiPsPGZvsOAAxVmyLsIHcjlCoEQ6wF6BAgNEAU#kasana%20Gujjars |title=Pathways: In Search of Exemplary Practices on Environment and Sustainable Development in Asia |date=2000 |publisher=Philippine Rural Reconstruction Movement for the International Conference of Asian Foundations and Organizations |isbn=978-971-8817-18-6 |language=en |quote="Van Gujjars have many clans , such as the Kasana , Checchi and Lodha . They speak Gujuri , a language similar to a Rajasthan dialect . In Himachal Pradesh , the Van Gujjars are found in the districts of Sirumur , Shimla , Kangra..."}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Verma |first=V. |url=https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=jA1uAAAAMAAJ&q=kasana+Gujar&dq=kasana+Gujar&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjI3pyNy8OAAxUkUKQEHWB7BY0Q6wF6BAgKEAU#kasana%20Gujar |title=Ban-Gujars: A Nomadic Tribe in Himachal Pradesh |date=2000 |publisher=B.R. Publishing Corporation |isbn=978-81-7646-112-2 |location=India |pages=103 |language=en |quote="The Kasana Gujars , who claim their descent from Raja Kans , the maternal uncle of lord Krishna , swear by lightening and do not keep any bronze utensil in ..."}}</ref> [[Gujjars]]. They initially governed in the [[Kushan Empire]]<ref>*{{Cite book |last=India |url=https://www.google.com.pk/books/edition/History_of_Indian_Nation_Ancient_India/Sy5gEAAAQBAJ?hl=en |title=History of Indian nation: Ancient India |publisher=K.K Publications |year=2022 |pages=109 |language=en |quote="The word Gusur is referred in the Rabatak inscription of Kushan King Kanishka. According to some scholars the Word Gusur, which means Kulputra or Man or woman born into high family, in this inscription stands for '''Gujjar''' (Gurjaras). The Gurjars of central Asia termed as Gusur (Gujur) even today.}}
'''Kushan'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Warikoo |first=Kulbhushan |url=https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=zxtuAAAAMAAJ&q=kushan+subcaste+of+Gujjars&dq=kushan+subcaste+of+Gujjars&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjAg_XFpsOAAxUVWqQEHRALAbYQ6wF6BAgDEAU#kushan%20subcaste%20of%20Gujjars |title=Gujjars of Jammu and Kashmir (Page_6) |last2=Som |first2=Sujit |date=2000 |publisher=Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Manav Sangrahalaya |pages=6 |language=en |quote="Some Huns claim to be Kushans . Kushan and Hun undoubtedly were Kshatriyas . Both the sub - castes are among the Gurjars . General Cunningham and others historians have mentioned them as Gurjars."}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Ahmed |first=Mukhtar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iHFHDAAAQBAJ&newbks=0&hl=en |title=The Arains: A Historical Perspective (Page_51) |date=2016-04-18 |publisher=Createspace |isbn=978-1-5327-8117-9 |pages=51 |language=en |quote="...'Korso' and 'Kushan' written on the coins of Kushan king Kanishk is same as Gorsi and Kusane (Kushan) clans of the Gujjars."}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Tyagi |first=Vidya Prakash |url=https://www.amazon.in/Martial-Races-Undivided-India-Prakash/dp/8178357755 |title=Martial races of undivided India |date=2009 |publisher=G.House |isbn=978-81-7835-775-1 |pages=230 |language=en |quote="The Kushan, sub-caste of the Gujjars, was a native family at Peshawar, that is why Kanishk spared Subahu Nagar, the Ruler of Patna. The family was called Devaputra, the Aryan."}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Rahi |first=Javaid |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KI1pEAAAQBAJ&newbks=0&hl=en |title=The Gujjars Vol: 01 and 02 Edited by Dr. Javaid Rahi |date=2012-01-01 |publisher=Jammu and Kashmir Acacademy of Art, Culture , Languages , Jammu |pages=291 |language=en |quote="The Kushan is a tribe (gotra) of Gurjar race and claims their originator Kush the younger son of Sri Raam Chanderji (G.C.H. page ... Of the same district Maulvi Fateh-ud Din Kushan was Director of Agriculture Department of the Punjab."}}</ref> Or '''Kushana'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Khari |first=Rahul |url=https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=1lGgAAAAMAAJ&q=kushana+Gujar&dq=kushana+Gujar&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiV-vOhzMOAAxXtTaQEHaU9BjYQ6wF6BAgOEAU#kushana%20Gujar |title=Jats and Gujars: Origin, History and Culture (Page_168) |date=2007 |publisher=Reference Press |isbn=978-81-8405-031-8 |pages=168 |language=en |quote="After Vasishka Kushana power was on the decline although they ruled upto the IVth A. D over small kingdoms . '''Kasana''' is a modern name of '''Kushana''' and is a most common Gotra ( Clan ) among the Gujjar community and they are in abundance in..."}}</ref>, is a major clan (Gotra) of the [[Gurjar]] community of [[India]], Pakistanx, and [[Afghanistan]]. In some regions especially in Punjab and Kashmir, they are also known as '''Kasana'''<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=5vGzAAAAIAAJ&q=kasana+Gujjars&dq=kasana+Gujjars&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiPsPGZvsOAAxVmyLsIHcjlCoEQ6wF6BAgNEAU#kasana%20Gujjars |title=Pathways: In Search of Exemplary Practices on Environment and Sustainable Development in Asia |date=2000 |publisher=Philippine Rural Reconstruction Movement for the International Conference of Asian Foundations and Organizations |isbn=978-971-8817-18-6 |language=en |quote="Van Gujjars have many clans , such as the Kasana , Checchi and Lodha . They speak Gujuri , a language similar to a Rajasthan dialect . In Himachal Pradesh , the Van Gujjars are found in the districts of Sirumur , Shimla , Kangra..."}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Verma |first=V. |url=https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=jA1uAAAAMAAJ&q=kasana+Gujar&dq=kasana+Gujar&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjI3pyNy8OAAxUkUKQEHWB7BY0Q6wF6BAgKEAU#kasana%20Gujar |title=Ban-Gujars: A Nomadic Tribe in Himachal Pradesh |date=2000 |publisher=B.R. Publishing Corporation |isbn=978-81-7646-112-2 |location=India |pages=103 |language=en |quote="The Kasana Gujars , who claim their descent from Raja Kans , the maternal uncle of lord Krishna , swear by lightening and do not keep any bronze utensil in ..."}}</ref> [[Gujjars]]. They initially governed in the [[Kushan Empire]]<ref>*{{Cite book |last=India |url=https://www.google.com.pk/books/edition/History_of_Indian_Nation_Ancient_India/Sy5gEAAAQBAJ?hl=en |title=History of Indian nation: Ancient India |publisher=K.K Publications |year=2022 |pages=109 |language=en |quote="The word Gusur is referred in the Rabatak inscription of Kushan King Kanishka. According to some scholars the Word Gusur, which means Kulputra or Man or woman born into high family, in this inscription stands for '''Gujjar''' (Gurjaras). The Gurjars of central Asia termed as Gusur (Gujur) even today.}}
* {{Cite book |last=Ahmad Hasaan |first=Dani |url=https://www.google.com.pk/books/edition/History_of_Pakistan/D_xtAAAAMAAJ?hl=en |title=History of Pakistan : Pakistan through ages |publisher=Sang-e Meel Publications |year=2007 |isbn=9789693520200 |location=Pakistan |pages=105 |language=en |quote="Another tribe , such as the Gujjars , who came along with the Kushans , and are even now remembered as '''Gujjar-Kashans''' (Kushan Gujjars) in popular ... It is not just the vast empire that they built , with its summer capital at 105 CE.}}
* {{Cite book |last=Ahmad Hasaan |first=Dani |url=https://www.google.com.pk/books/edition/History_of_Pakistan/D_xtAAAAMAAJ?hl=en |title=History of Pakistan : Pakistan through ages |publisher=Sang-e Meel Publications |year=2007 |isbn=9789693520200 |location=Pakistan |pages=105 |language=en |quote="Another tribe , such as the Gujjars , who came along with the Kushans , and are even now remembered as '''Gujjar-Kashans''' (Kushan Gujjars) in popular ... It is not just the vast empire that they built , with its summer capital at 105 CE.}}
* {{Cite book |last=Ashok |first=Harsana |url=https://archive.org/details/forebearers-of-the-aryan-legacy-the-gurjars/page/n35/mode/1up?q=36 |title=Forbears of the Aryan Legacy:The Gurjars |publisher=Indias. Publication |year=2013 |pages=35 and 36 |language=En |quote=Gurjar is the largest tribe of the world, which is admittedly recognized to be the major ethnic group in Pakistan, India, Xing Xiang(China), Tibet, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan. The Gurjars can rightly be termed as an International tribe, who are not restricted and confined by the frontiers or borders. The presence of Gurjars in the above mentioned regions greatly coincide with the stretch of the Kushan Empire which in fact was a '''Gurjar Empire'''.}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |last=Vasudevan |first=Vandana |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hy0nAgAAQBAJ&newbks=0&hl=en |title=Urban Villager: Life in an Indian Satellite Town (Page_23) |date=2013-11-22 |publisher=SAGE Publications India |isbn=978-81-321-1783-4 |pages=23 |language=en |quote="...the Archaeological Survey of India, identified the Kushan kings, whose most famous ruler was Kanishka, as Gujjars. The Gujjara Pratihara dynasty, which ruled over most of north India, including Gujarat ..."}}</ref>from the 1st century up till 375 CE. They practise a variety of religions, including [[Hinduism]], [[Sikhism]], [[Islam]], and Buddhism. They speak a variety of languages within their local regions, but in [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], Khayber PakhtunKhwa, Azad kashmir, Gilgit-Baltistan, Himachal Pradesh, Utrakhand, and Afghanistan, they speak their mother tongue [[Gujari language]].<ref name=":0" />
* {{Cite book |last=Ashok |first=Harsana |url=https://archive.org/details/forebearers-of-the-aryan-legacy-the-gurjars/page/n35/mode/1up?q=36 |title=Forbears of the Aryan Legacy:The Gurjars |publisher=Indias. Publication |year=2013 |pages=35 and 36 |language=En |quote=Gurjar is the largest tribe of the world, which is admittedly recognized to be the major ethnic group in Pakistan, India, Xing Xiang(China), Tibet, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan. The Gurjars can rightly be termed as an International tribe, who are not restricted and confined by the frontiers or borders. The presence of Gurjars in the above mentioned regions greatly coincide with the stretch of the Kushan Empire which in fact was a '''Gurjar Empire'''.}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |last=Vasudevan |first=Vandana |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hy0nAgAAQBAJ&newbks=0&hl=en |title=Urban Villager: Life in an Indian Satellite Town (Page_23) |date=2013-11-22 |publisher=SAGE Publications India |isbn=978-81-321-1783-4 |pages=23 |language=en |quote="...the Archaeological Survey of India, identified the Kushan kings, whose most famous ruler was Kanishka, as Gujjars. The Gujjara Pratihara dynasty, which ruled over most of north India, including Gujarat ..."}}</ref>from the 1st century up till 375 CE. They practise a variety of religions, including [[Hinduism]], [[Sikhism]], [[Islam]], and Buddhism.  
[[File:A Gujjar (Gurjara) Child belonged to Kushan clan.jpg|Gujjar child belonged to Kushan clan from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan]]
 
They speak a variety of languages within their local regions, but in [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], Khayber PakhtunKhwa, Azad kashmir, Gilgit-Baltistan, Himachal Pradesh, Utrakhand, and Afghanistan, they speak their mother tongue [[Gujari language]].<ref name=":0" />


== Geographic distributions==
== Geographic distributions==

Latest revision as of 21:26, 5 December 2023

Kushan[1][2][3][4] Or Kushana[5], is a major clan (Gotra) of the Gurjar community of India, Pakistanx, and Afghanistan. In some regions especially in Punjab and Kashmir, they are also known as Kasana[6][7] Gujjars. They initially governed in the Kushan Empire[8] [9]from the 1st century up till 375 CE. They practise a variety of religions, including Hinduism, Sikhism, Islam, and Buddhism. Gujjar child belonged to Kushan clan from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

They speak a variety of languages within their local regions, but in Jammu and Kashmir, Khayber PakhtunKhwa, Azad kashmir, Gilgit-Baltistan, Himachal Pradesh, Utrakhand, and Afghanistan, they speak their mother tongue Gujari language.[6]

Geographic distributions[edit]

They live in Pakistani provinces of west Punjab, Sindh, Balochistan, Khyber pakhtunKhwa, Azad Kashmir, and Gilgit-Baltistan, and Indian states including the Rajasthan, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, east Punjab, Uttarakhand and Delhi. They also live in some provinces of Afghanistan including Kabul, Nuristan and Kandhahar.

References[edit]

  1. ↑ Warikoo, Kulbhushan; Som, Sujit (2000). Gujjars of Jammu and Kashmir (Page_6). Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Manav Sangrahalaya. p. 6. Some Huns claim to be Kushans . Kushan and Hun undoubtedly were Kshatriyas . Both the sub - castes are among the Gurjars . General Cunningham and others historians have mentioned them as Gurjars.
  2. ↑ Ahmed, Mukhtar (2016-04-18). The Arains: A Historical Perspective (Page_51). Createspace. p. 51. ISBN 978-1-5327-8117-9. ...'Korso' and 'Kushan' written on the coins of Kushan king Kanishk is same as Gorsi and Kusane (Kushan) clans of the Gujjars.
  3. ↑ Tyagi, Vidya Prakash (2009). Martial races of undivided India. G.House. p. 230. ISBN 978-81-7835-775-1. The Kushan, sub-caste of the Gujjars, was a native family at Peshawar, that is why Kanishk spared Subahu Nagar, the Ruler of Patna. The family was called Devaputra, the Aryan.
  4. ↑ Rahi, Javaid (2012-01-01). The Gujjars Vol: 01 and 02 Edited by Dr. Javaid Rahi. Jammu and Kashmir Acacademy of Art, Culture , Languages , Jammu. p. 291. The Kushan is a tribe (gotra) of Gurjar race and claims their originator Kush the younger son of Sri Raam Chanderji (G.C.H. page ... Of the same district Maulvi Fateh-ud Din Kushan was Director of Agriculture Department of the Punjab.
  5. ↑ Khari, Rahul (2007). Jats and Gujars: Origin, History and Culture (Page_168). Reference Press. p. 168. ISBN 978-81-8405-031-8. After Vasishka Kushana power was on the decline although they ruled upto the IVth A. D over small kingdoms . Kasana is a modern name of Kushana and is a most common Gotra ( Clan ) among the Gujjar community and they are in abundance in...
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Pathways: In Search of Exemplary Practices on Environment and Sustainable Development in Asia. Philippine Rural Reconstruction Movement for the International Conference of Asian Foundations and Organizations. 2000. ISBN 978-971-8817-18-6. Van Gujjars have many clans , such as the Kasana , Checchi and Lodha . They speak Gujuri , a language similar to a Rajasthan dialect . In Himachal Pradesh , the Van Gujjars are found in the districts of Sirumur , Shimla , Kangra...
  7. ↑ Verma, V. (2000). Ban-Gujars: A Nomadic Tribe in Himachal Pradesh. India: B.R. Publishing Corporation. p. 103. ISBN 978-81-7646-112-2. The Kasana Gujars , who claim their descent from Raja Kans , the maternal uncle of lord Krishna , swear by lightening and do not keep any bronze utensil in ...
  8. ↑ *India (2022). History of Indian nation: Ancient India. K.K Publications. p. 109. "The word Gusur is referred in the Rabatak inscription of Kushan King Kanishka. According to some scholars the Word Gusur, which means Kulputra or Man or woman born into high family, in this inscription stands for Gujjar (Gurjaras). The Gurjars of central Asia termed as Gusur (Gujur) even today.
    • Ahmad Hasaan, Dani (2007). History of Pakistan : Pakistan through ages. Pakistan: Sang-e Meel Publications. p. 105. ISBN 9789693520200. "Another tribe , such as the Gujjars , who came along with the Kushans , and are even now remembered as Gujjar-Kashans (Kushan Gujjars) in popular ... It is not just the vast empire that they built , with its summer capital at 105 CE.
    • Ashok, Harsana (2013). Forbears of the Aryan Legacy:The Gurjars. Indias. Publication. pp. 35 and 36. Gurjar is the largest tribe of the world, which is admittedly recognized to be the major ethnic group in Pakistan, India, Xing Xiang(China), Tibet, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan. The Gurjars can rightly be termed as an International tribe, who are not restricted and confined by the frontiers or borders. The presence of Gurjars in the above mentioned regions greatly coincide with the stretch of the Kushan Empire which in fact was a Gurjar Empire.
  9. ↑ Vasudevan, Vandana (2013-11-22). Urban Villager: Life in an Indian Satellite Town (Page_23). SAGE Publications India. p. 23. ISBN 978-81-321-1783-4. ...the Archaeological Survey of India, identified the Kushan kings, whose most famous ruler was Kanishka, as Gujjars. The Gujjara Pratihara dynasty, which ruled over most of north India, including Gujarat ...
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