Mori Rajput Empire: Difference between revisions

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{{short description|Ancient Indian clan}}
{{short description|Ancient Indian clan}}


[[File:Mori Empire at it's maximum peak under Dhaval Maurya(644 AD).jpg|thumb|Mori or Maurya Empire which is established by Chitrang or Chitrangada Maurya under Dhaval Maurya  at it's maximum extent.]]
[[File:Mori Empire at it's maximum peak under Dhaval Maurya(644 AD).jpg|thumb|Mori or Maurya Empire which is established by Chitrang or Chitrangada Maurya under Dhaval Maurya  at its maximum extent.]]
{{Infobox former country
{{Infobox former country
| conventional_long_name = Mori Rajputs
| conventional_long_name = Mori Rajputs
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[[File:Chittorgarh fort.JPG|thumb|upright=1.3|A view of [[Chittorgarh Fort]], Rajasthan, India]]
[[File:Chittorgarh fort.JPG|thumb|upright=1.3|A view of [[Chittorgarh Fort]], Rajasthan, India]]
[[File:Chittorgarh fragmentary inscriptions of the Naigamas, first half of the 6th century CE.jpg|thumb|Chittorgarh fragmentary inscriptions of the Naigamas, first half of the 6th century CE.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Balogh |first1=Dániel |title=Chittorgarh fragmentary inscriptions of the Naigamas, inked rubbing |url=https://zenodo.org/record/2105017 |date=9 December 2018|doi=10.5281/zenodo.2105017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Epigraphia Indica Vol 34 |pages=53–58 |url=https://archive.org/details/epigraphiaindicavol34_388_M/page/n93/mode/2up}}</ref>]]
[[File:Chittorgarh fragmentary inscriptions of the Naigamas, first half of the 6th century CE.jpg|thumb|Chittorgarh fragmentary inscriptions of the Naigamas, first half of the 6th century CE.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Balogh |first1=Dániel |title=Chittorgarh fragmentary inscriptions of the Naigamas, inked rubbing |url=https://zenodo.org/record/2105017 |date=9 December 2018|doi=10.5281/zenodo.2105017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Epigraphia Indica Vol 34 |pages=53–58 |url=https://archive.org/details/epigraphiaindicavol34_388_M/page/n93/mode/2up}}</ref>]]
The '''Mori(Rajasthani)''' or '''Maurya(Sanskrit)''' is a Rajput clan which ruled over southwestern [[Rajasthan]] and northern [[Malwa]] from the 7th century CE and for a period of about 120 years.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Somani |first1=ram Vallabh |title=History Of Mewar |date=1976 |page=28 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.143000/page/n33/mode/2up}}</ref>The Mori word originally came from Pali word Moriya<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.wisdomlib.org |date=2009-04-12 |title=Moriya, Moriyā: 2 definitions |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/moriya |access-date=2023-07-26 |website=www.wisdomlib.org}}</ref> which is pronounced as Maurya in Sanskrit.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Maurya Surname Origin, Meaning & Last Name History |url=https://forebears.io/surnames/maurya |access-date=2023-07-26 |website=forebears.io}}</ref> They controlled the [[Chittor Fort]]. The Mori Rajputs were probably the most powerful power in this region before the rise of [[Gurjara-Pratiharas]]. Mori is considered a sub clan of Mauryans.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Shukla|first=Dinesh Chandra|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w_oJAQAAIAAJ|title=Early History of Rajasthan|publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Prakashan|year=1978|location=Delhi|pages=185–186|quote=In the seventh century or in the beginning of the eighth century, the Mauryas, evidently the same as the Mori Rajputs, had a strong principality in S.E. Rajasthan}}</ref>
The '''Mori(Rajasthani)''' or '''Maurya(Sanskrit)''' is a Rajput clan which ruled over southwestern [[Rajasthan]] and northern [[Malwa]] from the 7th century CE and for a period of about 120 years.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Somani |first1=ram Vallabh |title=History Of Mewar |date=1976 |page=28 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.143000/page/n33/mode/2up}}</ref> The Mori word originally came from Pali word Moriya<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.wisdomlib.org |date=2009-04-12 |title=Moriya, Moriyā: 2 definitions |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/moriya |access-date=2023-07-26 |website=www.wisdomlib.org}}</ref> which is pronounced as Maurya in Sanskrit.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Maurya Surname Origin, Meaning & Last Name History |url=https://forebears.io/surnames/maurya |access-date=2023-07-26 |website=forebears.io}}</ref> They controlled the [[Chittor Fort]]. The Mori Rajputs were probably the most powerful power in this region before the rise of [[Gurjara-Pratiharas]]. Mori is considered a sub clan of Mauryans.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Shukla|first=Dinesh Chandra|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w_oJAQAAIAAJ|title=Early History of Rajasthan|publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Prakashan|year=1978|location=Delhi|pages=185–186|quote=In the seventh century or in the beginning of the eighth century, the Mauryas, evidently the same as the Mori Rajputs, had a strong principality in S.E. Rajasthan}}</ref>


==History==
==History==
Archeological Survey of India<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archaeological Survey of India |url=https://asi.nic.in/ |access-date=2023-07-26 |website=asi.nic.in}}</ref> confirms that Mori clan belong to ancient Mauryan dynasty lineage.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CHITTAURGARH FORT {{!}} ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA JAIPUR CIRCLE |url=https://www.asijaipurcircle.nic.in/Chittaurgarh%20Fort.html |access-date=2023-07-26 |website=www.asijaipurcircle.nic.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Chittaurgarh Fort « Archaeological Survey of India |url=https://asi.nic.in/chittaurgarh-fort/ |access-date=2023-07-26 |website=asi.nic.in}}</ref> Jain text Kumarapala Prabandha claim about Mori lineage from the Mauryan King Sampati.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Singh |first=Sanjeev |title=Maurya Empire: Samrat Ashok's Kshatriya lineage explained |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/sanjeev-singh-blog/maurya-empire-samrat-ashoks-kshatriya-lineage-explained/ |access-date=2023-07-26 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
Archeological Survey of India<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archaeological Survey of India |url=https://asi.nic.in/ |access-date=2023-07-26 |website=asi.nic.in}}</ref> confirms that Mori clan belong to ancient Mauryan dynasty lineage.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CHITTAURGARH FORT {{!}} ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA JAIPUR CIRCLE |url=https://www.asijaipurcircle.nic.in/Chittaurgarh%20Fort.html |access-date=2023-07-26 |website=www.asijaipurcircle.nic.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Chittaurgarh Fort « Archaeological Survey of India |url=https://asi.nic.in/chittaurgarh-fort/ |access-date=2023-07-26 |website=asi.nic.in}}</ref> Jain text Kumarapala Prabandha claim about Mori lineage from the Mauryan King Sampati.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Singh |first=Sanjeev |title=Maurya Empire: Samrat Ashok's Kshatriya lineage explained |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/sanjeev-singh-blog/maurya-empire-samrat-ashoks-kshatriya-lineage-explained/ |access-date=2023-07-26 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>


Rajavilasa of Maan Kavi,<ref>{{Cite web |last=OpenLibrary.org |title=Kavi Man |url=https://openlibrary.org/authors/OL5450213A/Kavi_Man |access-date=2023-07-26 |website=Open Library}}</ref> composed during the reign of Maharana Raj Singh-I (1652-80), also mentions the legend of Chitrangada Mori constructing the fort of Chitrakuta (Chittorgarh) and further compares him to Raghu of Suryavansha .
Rajavilasa of Maan Kavi,<ref>{{Cite web |last=OpenLibrary.org |title=Kavi Man |url=https://openlibrary.org/authors/OL5450213A/Kavi_Man |access-date=2023-07-26 |website=Open Library}}</ref> composed during the reign of Maharana Raj Singh-I (1652–80), also mentions the legend of Chitrangada Mori constructing the fort of Chitrakuta (Chittorgarh) and further compares him to Raghu of Suryavansha .


''चित्रकोट गढ़ चारु, मंडि चित्रांगद मोरिय।''
''चित्रकोट गढ़ चारु, मंडि चित्रांगद मोरिय।''
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''रघू करत तहॅं राज, ढाहि अरिजन ढंढोरिय॥''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bhagwaandeen |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.473797 |title=Rajvilash |date=1929}}</ref>
''रघू करत तहॅं राज, ढाहि अरिजन ढंढोरिय॥''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bhagwaandeen |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.473797 |title=Rajvilash |date=1929}}</ref>
[[File:Government_ASI_board_installed_at_Chittorgarh_fort.jpg|thumb|Government ASI board installed at Chittorgarh fort recognizes Moris clan as a branch of Mauryan lineage]]
[[File:Government_ASI_board_installed_at_Chittorgarh_fort.jpg|thumb|Government ASI board installed at Chittorgarh fort recognizes Moris clan as a branch of Mauryan lineage]]
The Mori Rajputs are mentioned as one of the fourteen branches of the [[Parmar]] [[Rajput]] clan by British scholars.<ref name="diu">{{cite book |last1=Chand |first1=Faquir |last2=Sinha |first2=N. K. |title=People of India: Daman and Diu |date=1992 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |isbn=978-81-7154-762-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lS-vD6l8cO8C&dq=Mori+Rajputs&pg=PA87}}</ref>[[Chitrangada Mori]], a Mori Rajput ruler, laid the foundation of the fort of [[Chittor Fort|Chittorgarh]].<ref name="S Singh Rajasthan">{{cite book |last1=Singh Chib |first1=Sukhdev |title=Rajasthan |date=1979 |publisher=The University of Michigan |pages=118 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gXstAAAAMAAJ&q=Mori%20Rajput}}</ref><ref name="Tourism">{{cite book| title= Rajasthan |date=1962 |publisher=The University of Michigan |pages=44 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L6gBAAAAMAAJ&q=Mori%20Rajput}}</ref><ref name="das">{{cite book |last1=Guides |first1=Bluworlds |last2=Das |first2=Joydip |title=Royal Rajasthan Pocket Travel Guide |publisher=Bluworlds Guides |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m7XSCQAAQBAJ&dq=Mori+Rajputs&pg=PA36}}</ref> A Mori ruler of Chittor has known to have assisted the [[Chahamanas of Shakambhari|Chahmana king]] [[Vigraharaja IV|Visaldeva]] in a battle against the Turk invaders, probably led by sultan [[Khusrau Malik|Khusrau Shah]] or [[Bahram-Shah of Ghazna|Bahram Shah of Ghazna]]. The Moris also allied with the [[Kachhwaha|Kachhwaha of Amber]].<ref name="Tod, Rajasthan" />
The Mori Rajputs are mentioned as one of the fourteen branches of the [[Parmar]] [[Rajput]] clan by British scholars.<ref name="diu">{{cite book |last1=Chand |first1=Faquir |last2=Sinha |first2=N. K. |title=People of India: Daman and Diu |date=1992 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |isbn=978-81-7154-762-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lS-vD6l8cO8C&dq=Mori+Rajputs&pg=PA87}}</ref>[[Chitrangada Mori]], a Mori Rajput ruler, laid the foundation of the fort of [[Chittor Fort|Chittorgarh]].<ref name="das">{{cite book |last1=Guides |first1=Bluworlds |last2=Das |first2=Joydip |title=Royal Rajasthan Pocket Travel Guide |publisher=Bluworlds Guides |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m7XSCQAAQBAJ&dq=Mori+Rajputs&pg=PA36}}</ref><ref name="S Singh Rajasthan">{{cite book |last1=Singh Chib |first1=Sukhdev |title=Rajasthan |date=1979 |publisher=The University of Michigan |pages=118 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gXstAAAAMAAJ&q=Mori%20Rajput}}</ref><ref name="Tourism">{{cite book| title= Rajasthan |date=1962 |publisher=The University of Michigan |pages=44 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L6gBAAAAMAAJ&q=Mori%20Rajput}}</ref> A Mori ruler of Chittor has known to have assisted the [[Chahamanas of Shakambhari|Chahmana king]] [[Vigraharaja IV|Visaldeva]] in a battle against the Turk invaders, probably led by sultan [[Khusrau Malik|Khusrau Shah]] or [[Bahram-Shah of Ghazna|Bahram Shah of Ghazna]]. The Moris also allied with the [[Kachhwaha|Kachhwaha of Amber]].<ref name="Tod, Rajasthan" />


A dynasty belonging to the Mori clan controlled the [[Chittor Fort]] and the surrounding region before the [[Guhila dynasty]]. The fort of Chittor was a well established citadel in the 8th century under the Moris.<ref name="India tourism guide">{{cite book |last1=India Tourism Development Corporation |first1=India Tourism Development Corporation |title=Guide to Rajasthan |date=1975 |publisher=India Tourism Development Corporation |pages=169 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AsItAAAAMAAJ&q=Mori%20Rajput}}</ref> The Chittorgarh inscription dated 713 AD gives four names of Mori Rajput rulers of Chittor.<ref name="Gazetteer HC">{{cite book |last1=Rajasthan State Gazetteer |first1=Rajasthan State Gazetteer |title=Rajasthan State Gazetteer: History and culture |date=1995 |publisher=Directorate, District Gazetteers, Government of Rajasthan |pages=322 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oUZuAAAAMAAJ&q=Mori+Rajput}}</ref>
A dynasty belonging to the Mori clan controlled the [[Chittor Fort]] and the surrounding region before the [[Guhila dynasty]]. The fort of Chittor was a well established citadel in the 8th century under the Moris.<ref name="India tourism guide">{{cite book |last1=India Tourism Development Corporation |first1=India Tourism Development Corporation |title=Guide to Rajasthan |date=1975 |publisher=India Tourism Development Corporation |pages=169 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AsItAAAAMAAJ&q=Mori%20Rajput}}</ref> The Chittorgarh inscription dated 713 AD gives four names of Mori Rajput rulers of Chittor.<ref name="Gazetteer HC">{{cite book |last1=Rajasthan State Gazetteer |first1=Rajasthan State Gazetteer |title=Rajasthan State Gazetteer: History and culture |date=1995 |publisher=Directorate, District Gazetteers, Government of Rajasthan |pages=322 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oUZuAAAAMAAJ&q=Mori+Rajput}}</ref>
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Shyam Manohar Mishra of [[Lucknow University]] theorized that [[Bappa Rawal]] was originally a vassal of the last Mori ruler Manuraja alias Man Singh Mori. Manuraja was his uncle through his mother, a [[Parmar]] princess from [[Mount Abu|Abu]] or [[Chandravati]].<ref name="Tod, Rajasthan">{{cite book |last1=Tod |first1=James |title=Annals and Antiquities of Rajast'han, Or, The Central and Western Rajpoot States of India Part 36, Volume 1 |date=1873 |publisher=Higginbotham and Company |pages=189 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P0gOAAAAQAAJ}}</ref> Manuraja is identified with Māna, mentioned in the Chittorgarh Māna-sarovara inscription of 713 AD. Māna was described as the son of Bhoja.<ref name="Calcutta">{{cite book |last1=Calcutta Sanskrit College Research Series |first1=Calcutta Sanskrit College Research Series |title=Calcutta Sanskrit College Research Series |date=1965 |publisher=The University of California |pages=52 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5LUeAQAAIAAJ&q=mori%20Rajput}}</ref><ref name="un">{{cite book |last1=Kumar |first1=Raj |title=Encyclopaedia Of Untouchables : Ancient Medieval And Modern |date=2008 |publisher=Gyan Publishing House |isbn=978-81-7835-664-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e8o5HyC0-FUC&dq=Mori+Rajputs&pg=PA142}}</ref> Māna's great - grandfather was named Maheśvara.<ref name="Origin">{{cite book |last1=Singh |first1=R.B |title=Origin of the Rajputs |date=1975 |publisher=Sahitya Sansar Prakashan |pages=40 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IcM5AQAAIAAJ&q=mori%20Rajput}}</ref>
Shyam Manohar Mishra of [[Lucknow University]] theorized that [[Bappa Rawal]] was originally a vassal of the last Mori ruler Manuraja alias Man Singh Mori. Manuraja was his uncle through his mother, a [[Parmar]] princess from [[Mount Abu|Abu]] or [[Chandravati]].<ref name="Tod, Rajasthan">{{cite book |last1=Tod |first1=James |title=Annals and Antiquities of Rajast'han, Or, The Central and Western Rajpoot States of India Part 36, Volume 1 |date=1873 |publisher=Higginbotham and Company |pages=189 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P0gOAAAAQAAJ}}</ref> Manuraja is identified with Māna, mentioned in the Chittorgarh Māna-sarovara inscription of 713 AD. Māna was described as the son of Bhoja.<ref name="Calcutta">{{cite book |last1=Calcutta Sanskrit College Research Series |first1=Calcutta Sanskrit College Research Series |title=Calcutta Sanskrit College Research Series |date=1965 |publisher=The University of California |pages=52 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5LUeAQAAIAAJ&q=mori%20Rajput}}</ref><ref name="un">{{cite book |last1=Kumar |first1=Raj |title=Encyclopaedia Of Untouchables : Ancient Medieval And Modern |date=2008 |publisher=Gyan Publishing House |isbn=978-81-7835-664-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e8o5HyC0-FUC&dq=Mori+Rajputs&pg=PA142}}</ref> Māna's great - grandfather was named Maheśvara.<ref name="Origin">{{cite book |last1=Singh |first1=R.B |title=Origin of the Rajputs |date=1975 |publisher=Sahitya Sansar Prakashan |pages=40 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IcM5AQAAIAAJ&q=mori%20Rajput}}</ref>


Bappa probably led the Mori campaign against the Arabs, which made him more famous than his overlord. Later, he either deposed Manuraja and became the king of Chittor with the help of the nobles<ref name="Rajputana" /> or became the king after Manuraja died childless.{{sfn|Shyam Manohar Mishra|1977|p=48}} The Moris were expelled from [[Chittor Fort|Chittorgarh]] by [[Bappa Rawal]].<ref name="Andrew T">{{cite book |last1=Topsfield |first1=Andrew |title=Court Painting at Udaipur Art Under the Patronage of the Maharanas of Mewar |date=2001 |publisher=Artibus Asiae Publishers |isbn=9783907077030 |pages=17 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rvu6EfsFH48C&q=Mori%20Rajput}}</ref><ref name="Calcutta" /><ref name="Tod, Rajasthan" />
Bappa probably led the Mori campaign against the Arabs, which made him more famous than his overlord. Later, he either deposed Manuraja and became the king of Chittor with the help of the nobles<ref name="Rajputana" /> or became the king after Manuraja died childless.{{sfn|Shyam Manohar Mishra|1977|p=48}} The Moris were expelled from [[Chittor Fort|Chittorgarh]] by [[Bappa Rawal]].<ref name="Tod, Rajasthan" /><ref name="Calcutta" /><ref name="Andrew T">{{cite book |last1=Topsfield |first1=Andrew |title=Court Painting at Udaipur Art Under the Patronage of the Maharanas of Mewar |date=2001 |publisher=Artibus Asiae Publishers |isbn=9783907077030 |pages=17 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rvu6EfsFH48C&q=Mori%20Rajput}}</ref>


===Defeat by the Arabs===
===Defeat by the Arabs===
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==Kings==
==Kings==
Most Mauryas have been absorbed into Parmar identity, while Maurya Rajputs have maintained their identity in Nimad, Shajapur, Harda districts in Madhya Pradesh, and Bhavnagar in Gujarat’s Saurashtra where they write the apabhramsa Mori. Many other Moriya or Mori Rajputs migrated further to Dharampur, Valsad district in 1783 where they were given Subedari of 66 villages by the Guhilot ruler of Dharampur. They are also distributed in Naroli, Silvasa & Gujarat
Most Mauryas have been absorbed into Parmar identity, while Maurya Rajputs have maintained their identity in Nimad, Shajapur, Harda districts in Madhya Pradesh, and Bhavnagar in Gujarat's Saurashtra where they write the apabhramsa Mori. Many other Moriya or Mori Rajputs migrated further to Dharampur, Valsad district in 1783 where they were given Subedari of 66 villages by the Guhilot ruler of Dharampur. They are also distributed in Naroli, Silvasa & Gujarat


[[File:Dabok Inscription.png|thumb|Dabok ,Mewar Inscription Of The Time 644 AD Of Dhavalappadeva mentioned him as "paramabhattaraka maharajadhiraja paramesvara sri dhavalappadesvapravardhamanarajye". He is also mentioned in Kanswa , Kota inscription.]]
[[File:Dabok Inscription.png|thumb|Dabok, Mewar Inscription Of The Time 644 AD Of Dhavalappadeva mentioned him as "paramabhattaraka maharajadhiraja paramesvara sri dhavalappadesvapravardhamanarajye". He is also mentioned in Kanswa, Kota inscription.]]


Maurya (apabhramsa: Mori) ruled Chittaur (named after Chitrangad Mori) as early as 7th century AD. There are several inscriptions - Jhaltapatan (690 AD),<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.jainheritagecentres.com/jainism-in-india/rajasthan/jhalrapatan/ | title=Jhalrapatan - Shanthinath Digambar Jain Temple | date=23 June 2021 }}</ref> Chittor (713 CE), Kansuka Kota (738 AD), Navsari grant (738 AD), and Bauka-Jodhpur (837 AD), which attest their political presence . As per Chachnama, after having usurped the power of the Rai of Alor, Sahasi, Chach who was father of Dahir, received a serious threat from the king of Chittor - Maharat Mori .<ref>https://www.jstor.org/stable/i40173733</ref>
Maurya (apabhramsa: Mori) ruled Chittaur (named after Chitrangad Mori) as early as 7th century AD. There are several inscriptions - Jhaltapatan (690 AD),<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.jainheritagecentres.com/jainism-in-india/rajasthan/jhalrapatan/ | title=Jhalrapatan - Shanthinath Digambar Jain Temple | date=23 June 2021 }}</ref> Chittor (713 CE), Kansuka Kota (738 AD), Navsari grant (738 AD), and Bauka-Jodhpur (837 AD), which attest their political presence . As per Chachnama, after having usurped the power of the Rai of Alor, Sahasi, Chach who was father of Dahir, received a serious threat from the king of Chittor - Maharat Mori .<ref>https://www.jstor.org/stable/i40173733</ref>
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|Raja Bhoj Mori||
|Raja Bhoj Mori||
|-
|-
|Raja Maan Mori<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://justprepraj.com/rock-inscriptions-of-rajasthan-ras-prelims-and-mains-exam/|title=ROCK INSCRIPTIONS OF RAJASTHAN &#124; RAS EXAM - Just Prep Raj|date=11 May 2021}}</ref> <ref>https://www.eternalmewar.in/cutodian_76</ref>||713-770
|Raja Maan Mori<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://justprepraj.com/rock-inscriptions-of-rajasthan-ras-prelims-and-mains-exam/|title=ROCK INSCRIPTIONS OF RAJASTHAN &#124; RAS EXAM - Just Prep Raj|date=11 May 2021}}</ref><ref>https://www.eternalmewar.in/cutodian_76</ref>||713-770
|}
|}


==Decline of Mori Kingdom==
==Decline of Mori Kingdom==


King Maan Mori was defeated by Bappa Rawal. Bappa Rawal, defeated his maternal grandfather and captured the kingdom of Chittor. This event is mentioned in the Rajprashasti Inscription, in the epic Mahakavya, in Canto 3<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bhatt |first=Ranchod |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.400924 |title=Rajprasastia Mahakavyam |date=1973}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |last=Ranchod Bhatt Maharana |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.403285 |title=Raj Singh Raj Prashasti |date=1973}}</ref>:-
King Maan Mori was defeated by Bappa Rawal. Bappa Rawal, defeated his maternal grandfather and captured the kingdom of Chittor. This event is mentioned in the Rajprashasti Inscription, in the epic Mahakavya, in Canto 3:<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bhatt |first=Ranchod |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.400924 |title=Rajprasastia Mahakavyam |date=1973}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Ranchod Bhatt Maharana |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.403285 |title=Raj Singh Raj Prashasti |date=1973}}</ref>-


{{Quote
{{Quote
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Mori (Clan)}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Mori (Clan)}}
[[Category:Rajput clans]]
[[Category:Rajput clans]]
{{India-ethno-stub}}

Revision as of 10:46, 24 November 2023


Mori or Maurya Empire which is established by Chitrang or Chitrangada Maurya under Dhaval Maurya at its maximum extent.
Mori Rajputs

7th century-734[1][2]
Template:South Asia in 600 CE
The Moris and neighbouring South Asian polities circa 600 CE.[3]
CapitalChittorgarh Fort, Rajasthan, India
24°53′11″N 74°38′49″E / 24.8863°N 74.647°E / 24.8863; 74.647
Religion
State religion:
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
Aulikaras
Guhila dynasty
A view of Chittorgarh Fort, Rajasthan, India
Chittorgarh fragmentary inscriptions of the Naigamas, first half of the 6th century CE.[4][5]

The Mori(Rajasthani) or Maurya(Sanskrit) is a Rajput clan which ruled over southwestern Rajasthan and northern Malwa from the 7th century CE and for a period of about 120 years.[6] The Mori word originally came from Pali word Moriya[7] which is pronounced as Maurya in Sanskrit.[8] They controlled the Chittor Fort. The Mori Rajputs were probably the most powerful power in this region before the rise of Gurjara-Pratiharas. Mori is considered a sub clan of Mauryans.[9]

History

Archeological Survey of India[10] confirms that Mori clan belong to ancient Mauryan dynasty lineage.[11][12] Jain text Kumarapala Prabandha claim about Mori lineage from the Mauryan King Sampati.[13]

Rajavilasa of Maan Kavi,[14] composed during the reign of Maharana Raj Singh-I (1652–80), also mentions the legend of Chitrangada Mori constructing the fort of Chitrakuta (Chittorgarh) and further compares him to Raghu of Suryavansha .

चित्रकोट गढ़ चारु, मंडि चित्रांगद मोरिय।

रघू करत तहॅं राज, ढाहि अरिजन ढंढोरिय॥[15]

Government ASI board installed at Chittorgarh fort recognizes Moris clan as a branch of Mauryan lineage

The Mori Rajputs are mentioned as one of the fourteen branches of the Parmar Rajput clan by British scholars.[16]Chitrangada Mori, a Mori Rajput ruler, laid the foundation of the fort of Chittorgarh.[2][17][18] A Mori ruler of Chittor has known to have assisted the Chahmana king Visaldeva in a battle against the Turk invaders, probably led by sultan Khusrau Shah or Bahram Shah of Ghazna. The Moris also allied with the Kachhwaha of Amber.[19]

A dynasty belonging to the Mori clan controlled the Chittor Fort and the surrounding region before the Guhila dynasty. The fort of Chittor was a well established citadel in the 8th century under the Moris.[20] The Chittorgarh inscription dated 713 AD gives four names of Mori Rajput rulers of Chittor.[21]

The Mori rulers were the lords of Malwa.[22] Mahlot, a Mori king of Chittor has been mentioned in the Chach Nama as a relative of King Rai Sahasi of Sindh.[citation needed]

Shyam Manohar Mishra of Lucknow University theorized that Bappa Rawal was originally a vassal of the last Mori ruler Manuraja alias Man Singh Mori. Manuraja was his uncle through his mother, a Parmar princess from Abu or Chandravati.[19] Manuraja is identified with Māna, mentioned in the Chittorgarh Māna-sarovara inscription of 713 AD. Māna was described as the son of Bhoja.[23][24] Māna's great - grandfather was named Maheśvara.[25]

Bappa probably led the Mori campaign against the Arabs, which made him more famous than his overlord. Later, he either deposed Manuraja and became the king of Chittor with the help of the nobles[22] or became the king after Manuraja died childless.[26] The Moris were expelled from Chittorgarh by Bappa Rawal.[19][23][27]

Defeat by the Arabs

According to C.K. Majumdar, the Moris were ruling at Chittor[28] when the Arabs (mlechchhas) invaded north-western India around 725 CE.[28] The Arabs defeated the Moris, and in turn, were defeated by a confederacy that included Bappa Rawal.[29][30][24]

Kings

Most Mauryas have been absorbed into Parmar identity, while Maurya Rajputs have maintained their identity in Nimad, Shajapur, Harda districts in Madhya Pradesh, and Bhavnagar in Gujarat's Saurashtra where they write the apabhramsa Mori. Many other Moriya or Mori Rajputs migrated further to Dharampur, Valsad district in 1783 where they were given Subedari of 66 villages by the Guhilot ruler of Dharampur. They are also distributed in Naroli, Silvasa & Gujarat

Dabok, Mewar Inscription Of The Time 644 AD Of Dhavalappadeva mentioned him as "paramabhattaraka maharajadhiraja paramesvara sri dhavalappadesvapravardhamanarajye". He is also mentioned in Kanswa, Kota inscription.

Maurya (apabhramsa: Mori) ruled Chittaur (named after Chitrangad Mori) as early as 7th century AD. There are several inscriptions - Jhaltapatan (690 AD),[31] Chittor (713 CE), Kansuka Kota (738 AD), Navsari grant (738 AD), and Bauka-Jodhpur (837 AD), which attest their political presence . As per Chachnama, after having usurped the power of the Rai of Alor, Sahasi, Chach who was father of Dahir, received a serious threat from the king of Chittor - Maharat Mori .[32]

Moriya or Maurya Dynasty Genealogy of Chittorgarh
King Reign (AD)
Maharaja Chitrangada Moriya[33]
Maharaja Varahagupta Mori
Maharaja Dhavalapadeva Mori[34][35][36][37] 644
Maharaja Maharata Mori[38] 670
Maharaja Maheshwara Mori[39]
Raja Bheem Mori[40]
Raja Bhoj Mori
Raja Maan Mori[41][42] 713-770

Decline of Mori Kingdom

King Maan Mori was defeated by Bappa Rawal. Bappa Rawal, defeated his maternal grandfather and captured the kingdom of Chittor. This event is mentioned in the Rajprashasti Inscription, in the epic Mahakavya, in Canto 3:[43][44]-

ततः स निर्जित्य नृपं तु मौरी जातीयभूपं मनुराजसंज्ञम्। गृहीतवांश्चित्रितचित्रकूटं चक्रेऽत्र राज्यं नृपचक्रवर्ती॥

— राजप्रशस्ति अभीलेख, महाकाव्य, सर्ग 3

See also

References

  1. ↑ Parameswaran, Dr S. Pari (13 January 2023). ANCIENT AND MEDIEVAL HISTORY: AN EAGLE'S VIEW FOR CIVIL SERVICES AND OTHER EXAMS. MJP Publisher. ISBN 978-93-5528-240-8.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Guides, Bluworlds; Das, Joydip. Royal Rajasthan Pocket Travel Guide. Bluworlds Guides.
  3. ↑ Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978). A Historical atlas of South Asia. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 21, 147. ISBN 0226742210.
  4. ↑ Balogh, Dániel (9 December 2018). "Chittorgarh fragmentary inscriptions of the Naigamas, inked rubbing". doi:10.5281/zenodo.2105017. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  5. ↑ Epigraphia Indica Vol 34. pp. 53–58.
  6. ↑ Somani, ram Vallabh (1976). History Of Mewar. p. 28.
  7. ↑ www.wisdomlib.org (2009-04-12). "Moriya, Moriyā: 2 definitions". www.wisdomlib.org. Retrieved 2023-07-26.
  8. ↑ "Maurya Surname Origin, Meaning & Last Name History". forebears.io. Retrieved 2023-07-26.
  9. ↑ Shukla, Dinesh Chandra (1978). Early History of Rajasthan. Delhi: Bharatiya Vidya Prakashan. pp. 185–186. In the seventh century or in the beginning of the eighth century, the Mauryas, evidently the same as the Mori Rajputs, had a strong principality in S.E. Rajasthan
  10. ↑ "Archaeological Survey of India". asi.nic.in. Retrieved 2023-07-26.
  11. ↑ "CHITTAURGARH FORT | ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA JAIPUR CIRCLE". www.asijaipurcircle.nic.in. Retrieved 2023-07-26.
  12. ↑ "Chittaurgarh Fort « Archaeological Survey of India". asi.nic.in. Retrieved 2023-07-26.
  13. ↑ Singh, Sanjeev. "Maurya Empire: Samrat Ashok's Kshatriya lineage explained". The Times of India. ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved 2023-07-26.
  14. ↑ OpenLibrary.org. "Kavi Man". Open Library. Retrieved 2023-07-26.
  15. ↑ Bhagwaandeen (1929). Rajvilash.
  16. ↑ Chand, Faquir; Sinha, N. K. (1992). People of India: Daman and Diu. Popular Prakashan. ISBN 978-81-7154-762-3.
  17. ↑ Singh Chib, Sukhdev (1979). Rajasthan. The University of Michigan. p. 118.
  18. ↑ Rajasthan. The University of Michigan. 1962. p. 44.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 Tod, James (1873). Annals and Antiquities of Rajast'han, Or, The Central and Western Rajpoot States of India Part 36, Volume 1. Higginbotham and Company. p. 189.
  20. ↑ India Tourism Development Corporation, India Tourism Development Corporation (1975). Guide to Rajasthan. India Tourism Development Corporation. p. 169.
  21. ↑ Rajasthan State Gazetteer, Rajasthan State Gazetteer (1995). Rajasthan State Gazetteer: History and culture. Directorate, District Gazetteers, Government of Rajasthan. p. 322.
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 Rajputana (Agency), Rajputana (Agency) (1880). The Rajputana Gazetteer Volume 3. Harvard University. p. 16.
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 Calcutta Sanskrit College Research Series, Calcutta Sanskrit College Research Series (1965). Calcutta Sanskrit College Research Series. The University of California. p. 52.
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 Kumar, Raj (2008). Encyclopaedia Of Untouchables : Ancient Medieval And Modern. Gyan Publishing House. ISBN 978-81-7835-664-8.
  25. ↑ Singh, R.B (1975). Origin of the Rajputs. Sahitya Sansar Prakashan. p. 40.
  26. ↑ Shyam Manohar Mishra 1977, p. 48.
  27. ↑ Topsfield, Andrew (2001). Court Painting at Udaipur Art Under the Patronage of the Maharanas of Mewar. Artibus Asiae Publishers. p. 17. ISBN 9783907077030.
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 R. C. Majumdar 1977, p. 298-299.
  29. ↑ Ram Vallabh Somani 1976, p. 45.
  30. ↑ Khalid Yahya Blankinship 1994, p. 188.
  31. ↑ "Jhalrapatan - Shanthinath Digambar Jain Temple". 23 June 2021.
  32. ↑ https://www.jstor.org/stable/i40173733
  33. ↑ Sharma, R. K.; Kumar, Neeraj (1 July 2022). Creative India: A textbook for India's General Knowledge. Mayank Publishing House. ISBN 9789357800990 – via Google Books.
  34. ↑ Sinha, Nandini (1991). "A Study of the Origin Myths: Situating the Guhilas in the History of Mewar (A.d. Seventh to Thirteenth Centuries)". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. 52: 63–71. JSTOR 44142569.
  35. ↑ "Ncimh-Sahi".
  36. ↑ The Journal of the Bihar Research Society. 1955.
  37. ↑ https://www.jainfoundation.in/JAINLIBRARY/books/epigraphia_indica_vol_20_032574_hr6.pdf
  38. ↑ "Chambial Rajputs & Moriyas". Rajput Community Forum. 4 May 2020.
  39. ↑ Gupta, Geetika (2020). "Emergence and Spread of Exchange Centres in Early Medieval Western India". Indian Historical Review. 47: 84–98. doi:10.1177/0376983620922404. S2CID 219454227.
  40. ↑ Kibe, N. V.; Kibe, M. V. (1941). "THE CONQUEST OF CHITTOR BY BAPPA RAYAL IN 734 A. D. (Summary)". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. 5: 255–256. JSTOR 44304732.
  41. ↑ "ROCK INSCRIPTIONS OF RAJASTHAN | RAS EXAM - Just Prep Raj". 11 May 2021.
  42. ↑ https://www.eternalmewar.in/cutodian_76
  43. ↑ Bhatt, Ranchod (1973). Rajprasastia Mahakavyam.
  44. ↑ Ranchod Bhatt Maharana (1973). Raj Singh Raj Prashasti.

Bibliography

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