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{{Short description|India's first solar observation mission}}
{{Short description|India's first solar observation mission}}
{{copy edit|date=September 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}
{{Infobox spaceflight
{{Infobox spaceflight
| name              = Aditya-L1
| name              = Aditya-L1
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| spacecraft        = PSLV-XL/C-57
| spacecraft        = PSLV-XL/C-57
| spacecraft_type    = [[PSLV]]
| spacecraft_type    = [[PSLV]]
| spacecraft_bus    = [[I-1K]]<ref name="SFI_20160903">{{Cite website |url=https://www.spaceflightinsider.com/organizations/isro/indias-first-solar-mission-to-be-launched-in-2019-20/ |title=India’s first solar mission to be launched in 2019–20 |date=4 February 2016 |publisher=Space Flight Insider |first=Tomas |last=Nowakowski |access-date=3 September 2023}}</ref>
| spacecraft_bus    = [[I-1K]]<ref name="SFI_20160903">{{Cite website |url=https://www.spaceflightinsider.com/organizations/isro/indias-first-solar-mission-to-be-launched-in-2019-20/ |title=India’s first solar mission to be launched in 2019–20 |date=4 February 2016 |publisher=Space Flight Insider |first=Tomas |last=Nowakowski |access-date=3 September 2023 |archive-date=3 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230903160054/https://www.spaceflightinsider.com/organizations/isro/indias-first-solar-mission-to-be-launched-in-2019-20/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
| manufacturer      = [[ISRO]]{{\}}[[Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics|IUCAA]]{{\}}[[Indian Institute of Astrophysics|IIA]]
| manufacturer      = [[ISRO]]{{\}}[[Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics|IUCAA]]{{\}}[[Indian Institute of Astrophysics|IIA]]
| launch_mass        = {{cvt|1475|kg}}<ref name="CII_20210915">{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XoIdCVfNbfY&t=7656s |title=International Space Conference and Exhibition – DAY 3 |date=15 September 2021 |type=video |publisher=Confederation of Indian Industry |time=2:07:36–2:08:38 |access-date=18 September 2021 |via=YouTube}}</ref>
| launch_mass        = {{cvt|1475|kg}}<ref name="CII_20210915">{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XoIdCVfNbfY&t=7656s |title=International Space Conference and Exhibition – DAY 3 |date=15 September 2021 |type=video |publisher=Confederation of Indian Industry |time=2:07:36–2:08:38 |access-date=18 September 2021 |via=YouTube}}</ref>
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| dimensions        =  
| dimensions        =  
| power              = <!-- [[watt]]s -->
| power              = <!-- [[watt]]s -->
| launch_date        = {{start-date|2 September 2023}}, 11:50&nbsp;IST (06:20&nbsp;UTC)<ref name="it-20230824">{{Cite web |date=28 August 2023 |title=Moon mission done, ISRO aims for the Sun with Aditya-L1 launch on September 2 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/science/isros-solar-mission-aditya-l1-to-be-launched-on-september-2-says-space-agency-8913266/ |access-date=28 August 2023 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |archive-date=28 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230828120712/https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/science/isros-solar-mission-aditya-l1-to-be-launched-on-september-2-says-space-agency-8913266/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="launch">{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-66643805 |title=Aditya-L1: India launches its first mission to Sun |date=2 September 2023 |access-date=2 September 2023 |first=Geeta |last=Pandey |website=[[BBC News]] }}</ref>
| launch_date        = {{start-date|2 September 2023}}, 11:50&nbsp;IST (06:20&nbsp;UTC)<ref name="it-20230824">{{Cite web |date=28 August 2023 |title=Moon mission done, ISRO aims for the Sun with Aditya-L1 launch on September 2 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/science/isros-solar-mission-aditya-l1-to-be-launched-on-september-2-says-space-agency-8913266/ |access-date=28 August 2023 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |archive-date=28 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230828120712/https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/science/isros-solar-mission-aditya-l1-to-be-launched-on-september-2-says-space-agency-8913266/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="launch">{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-66643805 |title=Aditya-L1: India launches its first mission to Sun |date=2 September 2023 |access-date=2 September 2023 |first=Geeta |last=Pandey |website=[[BBC News]] |archive-date=2 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230902182110/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-66643805 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| launch_rocket      = [[Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle#PSLV-XL|PSLV-XL]]
| launch_rocket      = [[Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle#PSLV-XL|PSLV-XL]]
| launch_site        = [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre]]
| launch_site        = [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre]]
| launch_contractor  = [[ISRO]]
| launch_contractor  = [[ISRO]]
| orbit_reference    = [[Lagrange point#L1|Sun–Earth L<sub>1</sub>]]
| orbit_reference    = [[Lagrange point#L1|Sun–Earth L<sub>1</sub> orbit]]
| orbit_regime      = [[Halo orbit]]
| orbit_regime      = [[Halo orbit]]
| orbit_periapsis    =  
| orbit_periapsis    =  
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| orbit_period      = 177.86 days<ref name="COPUOS_62">{{Cite web |last=Sreekumar |first=P. |date=19 June 2019 |title=Indian Space Science & Exploration : Global Perspective |url=http://www.unoosa.org/documents/pdf/copuos/2019/copuos2019tech32E.pdf |access-date=30 June 2019 |publisher=UNOOSA |page=8 |archive-date=30 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190630051004/http://www.unoosa.org/documents/pdf/copuos/2019/copuos2019tech32E.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
| orbit_period      = 177.86 days<ref name="COPUOS_62">{{Cite web |last=Sreekumar |first=P. |date=19 June 2019 |title=Indian Space Science & Exploration : Global Perspective |url=http://www.unoosa.org/documents/pdf/copuos/2019/copuos2019tech32E.pdf |access-date=30 June 2019 |publisher=UNOOSA |page=8 |archive-date=30 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190630051004/http://www.unoosa.org/documents/pdf/copuos/2019/copuos2019tech32E.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
| apsis              = gee
| apsis              = gee
<!-- Re-add when fixed.
| instruments_list  = {{Infobox spaceflight/Instruments
| instruments_list  = {{Infobox spaceflight/Instruments
   | acronym1 = VELC  | name1 = Visible Emission Line [[Coronagraph]]
   | acronym1 = VELC  | name1 = Visible Emission Line [[Coronagraph]]
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   | acronym6 = HEL1OS | name6 = High Energy L1 Orbiting X-ray Spectrometer
   | acronym6 = HEL1OS | name6 = High Energy L1 Orbiting X-ray Spectrometer
   | acronym7 = Magnetometer | name7 = Magnetometer
   | acronym7 = Magnetometer | name7 = Magnetometer
}}
}} -->
 
| insignia          = Aditya-L1 logo.png
| insignia          = Aditya-L1 logo.png
| insignia_size      =  
| insignia_size      =  
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}}
}}


'''Aditya-L1''' (from [[Sanskrit]]: ''[[Surya|Aditya]]'', "Sun") is a [[coronagraph]]y spacecraft to study the [[Sun#Atmosphere|solar atmosphere]], designed and developed by the [[ISRO|Indian Space Research Organisation]] (ISRO) and various other Indian research institutes.<ref name="CurrSci_113_04" /> It will be inserted at about 1.5 million km from Earth in a [[halo orbit]] around the [[Lagrange point|L1 Lagrange point]] between the [[Earth]] and the [[Sun]] where it will study the solar atmosphere, [[Solar storm|solar magnetic storms,]] and their impact on the environment around the Earth.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aditya – L1 First Indian mission to study the Sun |url=http://www.isro.gov.in/aditya-l1-first-indian-mission-to-study-sun |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180303041833/https://www.isro.gov.in/aditya-l1-first-indian-mission-to-study-sun |archive-date=3 March 2018 |access-date=1 June 2017 |publisher=ISRO}}</ref>
'''Aditya-L1''' <!--Please do not add any non-Latin Script as per "WP:INDICSCRIPT"-->(/[[Help:IPA/Hindi and Urdu|ɑːd̪it̪jə]]/){{efn|from [[Sanskrit]] ''Āditya'', a synonym for the Hindu [[Solar deity|solar deity]] [[Surya]]}} is a [[coronagraph]]y spacecraft to study the [[Sun#Atmosphere|solar atmosphere]], designed and developed by the [[ISRO|Indian Space Research Organisation]] (ISRO) and various other Indian research institutes.<ref name="CurrSci_113_04" /> It will be orbiting at about 1.5 million km from Earth in a [[halo orbit]] around the [[Lagrange point|L1 Lagrange point]] between the [[Earth]] and the [[Sun]] where it will study the solar atmosphere, [[Solar storm|solar magnetic storms,]] and their impact on the environment around the Earth.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aditya – L1 First Indian mission to study the Sun |url=http://www.isro.gov.in/aditya-l1-first-indian-mission-to-study-sun |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180303041833/https://www.isro.gov.in/aditya-l1-first-indian-mission-to-study-sun |archive-date=3 March 2018 |access-date=1 June 2017 |publisher=ISRO}}</ref>


It is the first Indian mission dedicated to observing the Sun. [[Nigar Shaji]] is the project's director.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 September 2023 |title=Meet The Project Director Of Ambitious Mission Aditya-L1 {{!}} Nigar Shaji from Tamil Nadu |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/videos/times-now/india/meet-the-project-director-of-ambitious-mission-aditya-l1-nigar-shaji-from-tamil-nadu-video-103302519 |access-date=2 September 2023 |website=TimesNow |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ISROs Aditya-L1 Solar Mission: Nigar Shaji Addresses After Successful Launch Of First Sun Mission |url=https://zeenews.india.com/video/news/isros-aditya-l1-solar-mission-nigar-shaji-addresses-after-successful-launch-of-first-sun-mission-2656810.html |access-date=2 September 2023 |website=Zee News |language=en}}</ref><ref name="nie_20230902_projectdirector">{{Cite web |title=Meet Nigar Shaji from TN's Tenkasi, Aditya-L1 mission project director |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2023/sep/02/meet-nigar-shaji-from-tns-tenkasi-aditya-l1-mission-project-director-2610872.html |access-date=2 September 2023 |website=The New Indian Express |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230902155211/https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2023/sep/02/meet-nigar-shaji-from-tns-tenkasi-aditya-l1-mission-project-director-2610872.html |archive-date=2 September 2023 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="ndtv_20230902_projectdirector">{{Cite web |title=Meet Nigar Shaji, The Project Director Of India's First Sun Mission: 5 Points |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/5-points-about-nigar-shaji-project-director-of-india-s-maiden-solar-mission-4352495 |access-date=2 September 2023 |website=NDTV.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230902180138/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/5-points-about-nigar-shaji-project-director-of-india-s-maiden-solar-mission-4352495 |archive-date=2 September 2023 |url-status=live }}</ref> It was launched aboard the [[Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle|PSLV]] C57 at 11:50 [[India Standard Time|IST]] on 2nd September 2023,<ref name="twitter_20230901_isro_launchannounce">{{Cite tweet |author=ISRO |author-link=ISRO |user=isro |number=1697506899242217921 |title=PSLV-C57/Aditya-L1 Mission: The 23-hour 40-minute countdown leading to the launch at 11:50 Hrs. IST on September 2, 2023, has commended today at 12:10 Hrs. The launch can be watched LIVE on ISRO Website https://isro.gov.in Facebook https://facebook.com/ISRO YouTube https://youtube.com/watch?v=_IcgGYZTXQw… DD National TV channel from 11:20 Hrs. IST |date=1 September 2023}}</ref><ref name="it-20230824"/><ref name="launch" /> ten days after the successful landing of ISRO's [[moon]] mission, [[Chandrayaan-3|Chandrayaan 3]]. It successfully achieved its intended orbit nearly an hour later, and separated from the [[Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle#Fourth stage (PS4)|fourth stage]] at 12:57 IST.<ref name="it_20230902_liveblog">{{Cite web |title=Aditya L1 Mission: Aditya L1 Launch LIVE Updates: Aditya L1 spacecraft successfully separated from PSLV rocket, now en route to Sun-Earth L1 point. ISRO says mission accomplished |date=2 September 2023 |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/newsblogs/aditya-l1-live-news-updates-isro-first-solar-mission-launch-02-september-2023/liveblog/103297403.cms |access-date=2 September 2023 |website=The Economic Times |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230903115715/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/newsblogs/aditya-l1-live-news-updates-isro-first-solar-mission-launch-02-september-2023/liveblog/103297403.cms |archive-date=3 September 2023 |url-status=live }}</ref>
It is the first Indian mission dedicated to observing the Sun. [[Nigar Shaji]] is the project's director.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 September 2023 |title=Meet The Project Director Of Ambitious Mission Aditya-L1 {{!}} Nigar Shaji from Tamil Nadu |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/videos/times-now/india/meet-the-project-director-of-ambitious-mission-aditya-l1-nigar-shaji-from-tamil-nadu-video-103302519 |access-date=2 September 2023 |website=TimesNow |language=en |archive-date=2 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230902155210/https://www.timesnownews.com/videos/times-now/india/meet-the-project-director-of-ambitious-mission-aditya-l1-nigar-shaji-from-tamil-nadu-video-103302519 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ISROs Aditya-L1 Solar Mission: Nigar Shaji Addresses After Successful Launch Of First Sun Mission |url=https://zeenews.india.com/video/news/isros-aditya-l1-solar-mission-nigar-shaji-addresses-after-successful-launch-of-first-sun-mission-2656810.html |access-date=2 September 2023 |website=Zee News |language=en |archive-date=2 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230902123820/https://zeenews.india.com/video/news/isros-aditya-l1-solar-mission-nigar-shaji-addresses-after-successful-launch-of-first-sun-mission-2656810.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="nie_20230902_projectdirector">{{Cite web |title=Meet Nigar Shaji from TN's Tenkasi, Aditya-L1 mission project director |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2023/sep/02/meet-nigar-shaji-from-tns-tenkasi-aditya-l1-mission-project-director-2610872.html |access-date=2 September 2023 |website=The New Indian Express |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230902155211/https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2023/sep/02/meet-nigar-shaji-from-tns-tenkasi-aditya-l1-mission-project-director-2610872.html |archive-date=2 September 2023 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="ndtv_20230902_projectdirector">{{Cite web |title=Meet Nigar Shaji, The Project Director Of India's First Sun Mission: 5 Points |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/5-points-about-nigar-shaji-project-director-of-india-s-maiden-solar-mission-4352495 |access-date=2 September 2023 |website=NDTV.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230902180138/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/5-points-about-nigar-shaji-project-director-of-india-s-maiden-solar-mission-4352495 |archive-date=2 September 2023 |url-status=live }}</ref> Aditya-L1 was launched aboard the [[Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle|PSLV]] C57 at 11:50 [[India Standard Time|IST]] on 2 September 2023,<ref name="twitter_20230901_isro_launchannounce">{{Cite tweet |author=ISRO |author-link=ISRO |user=isro |number=1697506899242217921 |title=PSLV-C57/Aditya-L1 Mission: The 23-hour 40-minute countdown leading to the launch at 11:50 Hrs. IST on September 2, 2023, has commended today at 12:10 Hrs. The launch can be watched LIVE on ISRO Website https://isro.gov.in Facebook https://facebook.com/ISRO YouTube https://youtube.com/watch?v=_IcgGYZTXQw… DD National TV channel from 11:20 Hrs. IST |date=1 September 2023}}</ref><ref name="it-20230824"/><ref name="launch" /> ten days after the successful landing of ISRO's [[Moon]] mission, [[Chandrayaan-3]]. It successfully achieved its intended orbit nearly an hour later, and separated from its [[Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle#Fourth stage (PS4)|fourth stage]] at 12:57 IST.<ref name="it_20230902_liveblog">{{Cite web |date=2 September 2023 |title=Aditya L1 Mission: Aditya L1 Launch LIVE Updates: Aditya L1 spacecraft successfully separated from PSLV rocket, now en route to Sun-Earth L1 point. ISRO says mission accomplished |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/newsblogs/aditya-l1-live-news-updates-isro-first-solar-mission-launch-02-september-2023/liveblog/103297403.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230903115715/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/newsblogs/aditya-l1-live-news-updates-isro-first-solar-mission-launch-02-september-2023/liveblog/103297403.cms |archive-date=3 September 2023 |access-date=2 September 2023 |website=The Economic Times |language=en}}</ref> It is projected to reach its designated orbit at the L1 point approximately 127 days after its launch.<ref name="isro_20230902_adityal1" />


== Mission objectives ==
== Science objectives ==


''Aditya-L1''{{'s}} main science objectives are:
The main objectives of Aditya L1 are:
* Observations of the dynamics of the Sun's [[chromosphere]] and [[Stellar corona|corona]]
* To observe the dynamics of the Sun's [[chromosphere]] and [[Stellar corona|corona]]:
** Studies of chromospheric and coronal heating, the physics of [[Solar spicule|partially ionised]] [[Plasma (physics)|plasma]], of [[coronal mass ejection]]s (CMEs) and their origins, of the coronal [[Stellar magnetic field|magnetic field]] and [[heat transfer]] mechanisms, and [[Solar flare|flare]] exchanges
** To study chromospheric and coronal heating, the physics of [[Solar spicule|partially ionised]] [[Plasma (physics)|plasma]], of [[coronal mass ejection]]s (CMEs) and their origins, of the coronal [[Stellar magnetic field|magnetic field]] and [[heat transfer]] mechanisms, and [[Solar flare|flare]] exchanges
* Observation of the physical particle environment around its position
* To observe of the physical particle environment around its position
* Determination of the sequence of processes in multiple layers below the corona that lead to solar eruptions
* To determine the sequence of processes in multiple layers below the corona that lead to solar eruptions
* Drivers for [[space weather]], and the origin, composition and dynamics of [[solar wind]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=ADITYA-L1 |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/Aditya_L1.html |access-date=29 August 2023 |website=www.isro.gov.in |archive-date=3 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803035925/https://www.isro.gov.in/Aditya_L1.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* To study [[space weather]], and the origin, composition and dynamics of [[solar wind]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=ADITYA-L1 |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/Aditya_L1.html |access-date=29 August 2023 |website=www.isro.gov.in |archive-date=3 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803035925/https://www.isro.gov.in/Aditya_L1.html |url-status=live }}</ref>


== History ==
== History ==
[[File:Aditya L1.jpg|thumb|Aditya-L1 in stowed configuration]]
[[File:Aditya L1.jpg|thumb|Aditya-L1 in stowed configuration]][[File:Aditya-L1 spacecraft diagram.jpg|thumb|Aditya-L1 in deployed configuration]]Aditya was conceptualised in January 2008 by the Advisory Committee for Space Sciences (ADCOS).<ref>{{Cite web |title=SAC Industry Portal |url=https://www.sac.gov.in/SAC_Industry_Portal/programme_hsp.html |access-date=2023-09-03 |website=www.sac.gov.in |publisher=Space Applications Center, Government of India |archive-date=3 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220803051439/https://www.sac.gov.in/SAC_Industry_Portal/programme_hsp.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-14 |editor-last=Teotia |editor-first=Riya |title=ISRO shares first images of Aditya-L1 satellite ahead of India's first-ever mission to study the Sun |url=https://www.wionews.com/india-news/isro-share-first-images-of-aditya-l1-satellite-ahead-of-indias-first-ever-mission-to-study-the-sun-625203 |access-date=2023-09-03 |website=WION |language=en-us |archive-date=3 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230903162358/https://www.wionews.com/india-news/isro-share-first-images-of-aditya-l1-satellite-ahead-of-indias-first-ever-mission-to-study-the-sun-625203 |url-status=live }}</ref> It was initially envisaged as a small {{cvt|400|kg}} satellite in a [[Low Earth orbit|Low Earth Orbit]] (800 km) with a [[coronagraph]] to study the [[solar corona]]. An experimental budget of {{INR|3 crore}} was allocated for the financial year 2016–2017.<ref name="2016-17_budget">{{Cite press release |title=Notes on Demands for Grants, 2016–2017 |publisher=Department of Space |url=http://indiabudget.nic.in/ub2016-17/eb/sbe84.pdf |access-date=9 September 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160917064145/http://indiabudget.nic.in/ub2016-17/eb/sbe84.pdf |archive-date=17 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Aditya gets ready to gaze at the sun |work=The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/aditya-gets-ready-to-gaze-at-the-sun/article8212387.ece |access-date=25 August 2017 |archive-date=26 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170826033106/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/aditya-gets-ready-to-gaze-at-the-sun/article8212387.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Gandhi |first=Divya |date=13 January 2008 |title=ISRO planning to launch satellite to study the sun |work=The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/ISRO-planning-to-launch-satellite-to-study-the-sun/article15143000.ece |access-date=26 August 2017 |archive-date=15 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915091339/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/ISRO-planning-to-launch-satellite-to-study-the-sun/article15143000.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> The scope of the mission has since been expanded and it became a comprehensive solar and space environment [[Solar observatory|observatory]] to be placed at Lagrange point L1,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Desikan |first=Shubashree |date=15 November 2015 |title=The sun shines on India's Aditya |work=The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/the-sun-shines-on-indias-aditya/article7878625.ece |access-date=12 August 2018 |archive-date=13 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180313004843/http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/the-sun-shines-on-indias-aditya/article7878625.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> hence the mission was renamed "Aditya-L1". {{As of|2019|7|df=}}, the mission has an allocated cost of {{INR|378 crores}} excluding launch costs.<ref name="launch" />
Aditya was conceptualised in January 2008 by the Advisory Committee for Space Sciences (ADCOS).<ref>{{Cite web |title=SAC Industry Portal |url=https://www.sac.gov.in/SAC_Industry_Portal/programme_hsp.html |access-date=2023-09-03 |website=www.sac.gov.in |publisher=Space Applications Center, Government of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-14 |editor-last=Teotia |editor-first=Riya |title=ISRO shares first images of Aditya-L1 satellite ahead of India's first-ever mission to study the Sun |url=https://www.wionews.com/india-news/isro-share-first-images-of-aditya-l1-satellite-ahead-of-indias-first-ever-mission-to-study-the-sun-625203 |access-date=2023-09-03 |website=WION |language=en-us}}</ref> It was initially envisaged as a small {{cvt|400|kg}} satellite in a [[Low Earth orbit|Low Earth Orbit]] (800&nbsp;km) with a [[coronagraph]] to study the [[solar corona]]. An experimental budget of {{INR|3 crore}} was allocated for the financial year 2016–2017.<ref name="2016-17_budget">{{Cite press release |title=Notes on Demands for Grants, 2016–2017 |publisher=Department of Space |url=http://indiabudget.nic.in/ub2016-17/eb/sbe84.pdf |access-date=9 September 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160917064145/http://indiabudget.nic.in/ub2016-17/eb/sbe84.pdf |archive-date=17 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Aditya gets ready to gaze at the sun |work=The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/aditya-gets-ready-to-gaze-at-the-sun/article8212387.ece |access-date=25 August 2017 |archive-date=26 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170826033106/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/aditya-gets-ready-to-gaze-at-the-sun/article8212387.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Gandhi |first=Divya |date=13 January 2008 |title=ISRO planning to launch satellite to study the sun |work=The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/ISRO-planning-to-launch-satellite-to-study-the-sun/article15143000.ece |access-date=26 August 2017 |archive-date=15 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915091339/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/ISRO-planning-to-launch-satellite-to-study-the-sun/article15143000.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> The scope of the mission has since been expanded and it is now planned to be a comprehensive solar and space environment observatory to be placed at [[Lagrange point]] L1,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Desikan |first=Shubashree |date=15 November 2015 |title=The sun shines on India's Aditya |work=The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/the-sun-shines-on-indias-aditya/article7878625.ece |access-date=12 August 2018 |archive-date=13 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180313004843/http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/the-sun-shines-on-indias-aditya/article7878625.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> hence the mission was renamed "Aditya-L1". {{As of|2019|7|df=}}, the mission has an allocated cost of {{INR|378 crores}} excluding launch costs.<ref name="launch" />
 
[[File:Aditya-L1 spacecraft.jpg|thumb|left|Aditya L1 in deployed configuration]]


==Name==
==Naming==
"Aditya" is named after [[Surya]] and the [[Adityas]], the revered Hindu deities representing the Sun. The "L1" designation denotes [[Lagrange point|Lagrange point 1]], signifying the precise location situated between the Sun and Earth where the spacecraft is set to embark.<ref name="launch"></ref>
"Aditya" is named after [[Surya]] and the [[Adityas]], the Hindu deities representing the Sun. The "L1" designation denotes [[Lagrange point|Lagrange point 1]], the spacecraft's destination between the Sun and Earth.<ref name="launch"></ref>


== Overview ==
== Overview ==
[[File:Lagrange-better.png|thumb|upright=1.0|right|[[Lagrange point]]s in the Sun–Earth system (not to scale) – a small object at any one of the five points will hold its relative position.]]
[[File:Lagrange-better.png|thumb|upright=1.0|right|[[Lagrange point]]s in the Sun–Earth system (not to scale) – a small object at any one of the five points will hold its relative position.]]


The Aditya-L1 mission will take around 109 Earth days after launch<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 February 2020 |title=Department Of Space, Annual Report 2019–2020 |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/flipping_book/annual_report_2019-20_english/files/assets/common/downloads/Annual%20Report%202019-20%20(English).pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211007125322/https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/flipping_book/annual_report_2019-20_english/files/assets/common/downloads/Annual%20Report%202019-20%20(English).pdf |archive-date=7 October 2021 |access-date=25 October 2021}}</ref> to reach the [[halo orbit]] around the [[Lagrange point|L1 point]], which is about {{cvt|1500000|km}} from Earth. The spacecraft is planned to remain in the halo orbit for its mission duration while being maintained at a [[Orbital station-keeping|stationkeeping]] [[Delta-v|Δv]] of 0.2–4 m/s per year.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Muralidharan |first=Vivek |url=https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_theses/1310/ |title=Orbit Maintenance Strategies for Sun-Earth/Moon Libration Point Missions: Parameter Selection for Target Point and Cauchy-Green Tensor Approaches |journal=Open Access Theses |publisher=M.S. Thesis, Purdue University |year=2017 |location=West Lafayette, Indiana, United States |pages=183–194}}</ref> The {{cvt|1500|kg}} satellite carries seven science payloads with diverse objectives, including instruments to measure [[Coronal heating problem|coronal heating]], [[solar wind]] acceleration, coronal magnetometry, origin and monitoring of [[Ultraviolet|near-UV]] [[Solar irradiance|solar radiation]] (which drives Earth's upper atmospheric dynamics and global climate), coupling of the solar photosphere to the chromosphere and corona, in-situ characterisations of the space environment around Earth by measuring energetic particle fluxes and magnetic fields of the solar wind, and [[Solar storm|solar magnetic storms]].<ref name="CurrSci_113_04" />
The Aditya-L1 mission will take around 109 Earth days after launch<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 February 2020 |title=Department Of Space, Annual Report 2019–2020 |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/flipping_book/annual_report_2019-20_english/files/assets/common/downloads/Annual%20Report%202019-20%20(English).pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211007125322/https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/flipping_book/annual_report_2019-20_english/files/assets/common/downloads/Annual%20Report%202019-20%20(English).pdf |archive-date=7 October 2021 |access-date=25 October 2021}}</ref> to reach the [[halo orbit]] around the L1 point, which is about {{cvt|1500000|km}} from Earth. The spacecraft is planned to remain in the halo orbit for its mission duration while being maintained at a [[Orbital station-keeping|stationkeeping]] Δv of 0.2–4 m/s per year.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Muralidharan |first=Vivek |url=https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_theses/1310/ |title=Orbit Maintenance Strategies for Sun-Earth/Moon Libration Point Missions: Parameter Selection for Target Point and Cauchy-Green Tensor Approaches |journal=Open Access Theses |publisher=M.S. Thesis, Purdue University |year=2017 |location=West Lafayette, Indiana, United States |pages=183–194 |access-date=31 August 2023 |archive-date=31 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230831130516/https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_theses/1310/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The {{cvt|1500|kg}} satellite carries seven science payloads with various objectives, including instruments to measure [[Coronal heating problem|coronal heating]], [[solar wind]] acceleration, coronal magnetometry, origin and monitoring of [[Ultraviolet|near-UV]] [[Solar irradiance|solar radiation]] (which drives Earth's upper atmospheric dynamics and global climate), coupling of the solar photosphere to the chromosphere and corona,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wedemeyer-Böhm |first=S. |last2=Lagg |first2=A. |last3=Nordlund |first3=Å |date=2009-09-15 |title=Coupling from the photosphere to the chromosphere and the corona |url=http://arxiv.org/abs/0809.0987 |journal=Space Science Reviews |volume=144 |issue=1-4 |pages=317–350 |doi=10.1007/s11214-008-9447-8 |issn=0038-6308 |access-date=6 September 2023 |archive-date=6 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906075005/https://arxiv.org/abs/0809.0987 |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[In situ|in-situ]] characterisations of the space environment around Earth by measuring energetic particle fluxes and magnetic fields of the solar wind, and [[Solar storm|solar magnetic storms]].<ref name="CurrSci_113_04" />


Aditya-L1 will provide observations of the sun's [[photosphere]], [[chromosphere]] and [[solar corona|corona]]. In addition, an instrument will study the [[solar energetic particles]]' [[flux]] reaching the L1 orbit, while a [[magnetometer]] payload will measure the variation in [[Sun#Magnetic field|magnetic field]] strength at the halo orbit around L1. These payloads have to be placed outside the interference from the Earth's magnetic field and hence could not have been useful in the low Earth orbit as proposed in the original Aditya mission concept.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aditya-L1 First Indian mission to study the Sun |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/aditya-l1-first-indian-mission-to-study-sun |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210161048/https://www.isro.gov.in/aditya-l1-first-indian-mission-to-study-sun |archive-date=10 December 2019 |access-date=19 June 2019 |website=isro.gov.in}}</ref>
Aditya-L1 will provide observations of the sun's [[photosphere]], [[chromosphere]] and [[solar corona|corona]]. Its scientific payloads must be placed outside the interference from the [[Earth's magnetic field]] and hence could not have been useful in the low Earth orbit as proposed in the original Aditya mission concept.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aditya-L1 First Indian mission to study the Sun |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/aditya-l1-first-indian-mission-to-study-sun |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210161048/https://www.isro.gov.in/aditya-l1-first-indian-mission-to-study-sun |archive-date=10 December 2019 |access-date=19 June 2019 |website=isro.gov.in}}</ref>


One of the major unsolved problems in the field of [[solar physics]] is that the upper atmosphere of the Sun has a temperature of {{cvt|1000000|K|C F}} whereas the lower atmosphere is just {{cvt|6000|K|C F}}. In addition, it is not understood exactly how the Sun's radiation affects the dynamics of the Earth's atmosphere on a shorter as well as a longer time scale. The mission will obtain near-simultaneous images of the different layers of the Sun's atmosphere, which will reveal the ways in which energy is channeled and transferred from one layer to another. Thus, the Aditya-L1 mission will enable a comprehensive understanding of the dynamical processes of the Sun and address some of the outstanding problems in solar physics and [[heliophysics]].
One of the major unsolved problems in the field of [[solar physics]] is coronal heating. The upper atmosphere of the Sun has a temperature of {{cvt|1000000|K|C F}} whereas the lower atmosphere is just {{cvt|6000|K|C F}}. In addition, it is not understood exactly how the Sun's radiation affects the dynamics of the Earth's atmosphere on a shorter as well as a longer time scale. The mission will obtain near-simultaneous images of the different layers of the Sun's atmosphere, which will reveal the ways in which energy is channeled and transferred from one layer to another. Thus, the Aditya-L1 mission will enable a comprehensive understanding of the dynamical processes of the Sun and address some of the outstanding problems in solar physics and [[heliophysics]].


== Payloads ==
== Payloads ==
The instruments of Aditya-L1 are tuned to observe the solar atmosphere, mainly the chromosphere and corona. In-situ instruments will observe the local environment at [[Lagrange point|L1]]. There are seven [[payloads]] on-board, with four for remote sensing of the Sun and three for in-situ observation. The payloads have been developed by different laboratories in the country with close collaborations of various ISRO centres.<ref name="ISRO ADITYA-L1">{{Cite web |title=ISRO ADITYA-L1 |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/Aditya_L1.html}}</ref>
The instruments of Aditya-L1 are tuned to observe the solar atmosphere, mainly the chromosphere and corona. In-situ instruments will observe the local environment at L1. There are seven payloads on-board, with four for remote sensing of the Sun and three for in-situ observation. The payloads have been developed by different laboratories in the country with close collaborations of various ISRO centres.<ref name="ISRO ADITYA-L1">{{Cite web |title=ISRO ADITYA-L1 |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/Aditya_L1.html |access-date=15 July 2023 |archive-date=3 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803035925/https://www.isro.gov.in/Aditya_L1.html |url-status=live }}</ref>


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
Line 92: Line 91:
|1                 
|1                 
|Visible Emission Line [[Coronagraph]] (VELC)
|Visible Emission Line [[Coronagraph]] (VELC)
|[[Stellar corona|Corona]]/Imaging and [[spectroscopy]]
|[[Stellar corona|Corona]] Imaging and [[spectroscopy]]
|[[Indian Institute of Astrophysics]], [[Bangalore]]
|[[Indian Institute of Astrophysics]], [[Bangalore]]
|-
|-
|2
|2
|Solar Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (SUIT)
|Solar Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (SUIT)
|[[Photosphere]] and [[chromosphere]] imaging- narrow and broadband
|[[Photosphere]] and [[chromosphere]] imaging-narrow and broadband
|[[Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics|Inter University Centre for Astronomy & Astrophysics]], [[Pune]]
|[[Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics|Inter University Centre for Astronomy & Astrophysics]], [[Pune]]
|-
|-
Line 112: Line 111:
|5
|5
|Aditya Solar wind Particle Experiment (ASPEX)
|Aditya Solar wind Particle Experiment (ASPEX)
|[[Solar wind]]/Particle analyzer [[protons]] and heavier ions with directions
|[[Solar wind]] and Particle analyzer: [[Protons]] and heavier ions with directions
|[[Physical Research Laboratory]], [[Ahmedabad]]
|[[Physical Research Laboratory]], [[Ahmedabad]]
|-
|-
|6
|6
|[[Plasma (physics)|Plasma]] Analyser Package For Aditya (PAPA)
|[[Plasma (physics)|Plasma]] Analyser Package For Aditya (PAPA)
|[[Solar wind]]/Particle Analyzer [[Electrons]] and Heavier Ions with directions
|[[Solar wind]] and Particle Analyzer: [[Electrons]] and Heavier Ions with directions
|Space Physics Laboratory, [[Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre]], [[Thiruvananthapuram]]
|Space Physics Laboratory, [[Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre]], [[Thiruvananthapuram]]
|-
|-
Line 126: Line 125:
|}
|}


== Launch ==
== Mission Profile ==
[[File:Flight Sequence.pdf|thumb|Flight Sequence of PSLV-C57]]
[[File:Flight Sequence.pdf|thumb|Flight Sequence of PSLV-C57]]
On September 2, 2023, at 11:50 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]], the [[Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle]] (PSLV-C57) accomplished a successful launch of the ''Aditya-L1'' from the [[Second Launch Pad]] of the [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre]] (SDSC) located in [[Sriharikota]].


The ''Aditya-L1'', following a flight duration of 63 minutes and 20 seconds, achieved a successful [[Orbit injection|injection]] into an [[elliptical orbit]] around the Earth at 12:54 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=PSLV-C57 / ADITYA-L1 Mission - Press Release |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/PSLVC57_AdityaL1_PressRelease.html |access-date=2023-09-03 |website=www.isro.gov.in}}</ref>
=== Launch ===
On 2 September 2023, at 11:50 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]], the [[Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle]] (PSLV-C57) accomplished a successful launch of the ''Aditya-L1'' from the [[Second Launch Pad]] of the [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre]] (SDSC) located in [[Sriharikota]].
 
''Aditya-L1'', following a flight duration of 63 minutes and 20 seconds, achieved a successful [[Orbit injection|injection]] into an [[elliptical orbit]] around the Earth at 12:54 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=PSLV-C57 / ADITYA-L1 Mission - Press Release |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/PSLVC57_AdityaL1_PressRelease.html |access-date=2023-09-03 |website=www.isro.gov.in |archive-date=3 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230903112819/https://www.isro.gov.in/PSLVC57_AdityaL1_PressRelease.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
 
''Aditya-L1'' is scheduled to undergo a series of four Earth-bound [[Orbital maneuver|orbital maneuvres]] prior to its injection to a transfer orbit towards the L1 [[Lagrange point]]. It is projected to reach its designated orbit at the L1 point approximately 127 days after its launch.<ref name="isro_20230902_adityal1">{{Cite web |title=PSLV-C57/ADITYA-L1 Mission |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/PSLVC57_AdityaL1_PressRelease.html |access-date=2 September 2023 |website=www.isro.gov.in |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230903112819/https://www.isro.gov.in/PSLVC57_AdityaL1_PressRelease.html |archive-date=3 September 2023 |url-status=live }}</ref>
 
=== Orbit raising burns ===
[[File:Aditya L1 's Trajectory.pdf|thumb|Trajectory of PSLV-C57/Aditya L1 Mission]]
 
==== First orbit raising burn ====
On 3 September 2023, the ''Aditya-L1'' performed its first Earth-bound maneuver, raising its orbit to a {{Cvt|245|km}} into {{Cvt|22,459|km}} orbit.<ref>{{cite tweet|title=Aditya L1|user=isro|number=1698224462821544411|date=3 September 2023|access-date=3 September 2023}}</ref>
 
==== Second orbit raising burn ====
On 5 September 2023, ''Aditya-L1'' performed its second Earth-bound maneuver, raising its orbit to a {{Cvt|282|km}} into {{Cvt|40,225|km}} orbit.
 
==== Third orbit raising burn ====
On 10 September 2023, ''Aditya-L1'' performed its third Earth-bound maneuver, raising its orbit to a {{Cvt|296|km}} into {{Cvt|71,767|km}} orbit.
 
==== Fourth orbit raising burn ====
On 15 September 2023, ''Aditya-L1'' performed its fourth Earth-bound maneuver, raising its original orbit to a {{Cvt|256|km}} into {{Cvt|121,973|km}} orbit. This is  the last of such maneuvers, being directly followed by the Trans-Lagrangian 1 Injection, bound to take place on 19 September.


The ''Aditya-L1'' is scheduled to undergo a series of four Earth-bound [[Orbital maneuver|orbital manoeuvres]] prior to its injection to a transfer orbit towards the L1 [[Lagrange point]]. It is projected to reach its designated orbit at the L1 point approximately 127 days after its launch.<ref name="isro_20230902_adityal1">{{Cite web |title=PSLV-C57/ADITYA-L1 Mission |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/PSLVC57_AdityaL1_PressRelease.html |access-date=2 September 2023 |website=www.isro.gov.in |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230903112819/https://www.isro.gov.in/PSLVC57_AdityaL1_PressRelease.html |archive-date=3 September 2023 |url-status=live }}</ref>
====Trans-Lagrangian 1 Injection====
On 19 September 2023, ''Aditya-L1'' performed its last maneuver around Earth to escape its orbit and headed towards the Lagrange 1 point. It will take at least 4 months to further reach its destination, 1.5 million kilometers away.  


== Orbit raising burns ==
On 30 September 2023, ''Aditya-L1'' had escaped the Earth’s sphere of influence and is en route to the Lagrange 1 point.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ADITYA-L1 |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/Aditya_L1.html |access-date=2023-09-30 |website=www.isro.gov.in}}</ref>  
===First orbit raising burn===
On 3 September 2023 the ''Aditya-L1'' performed its first Earth-bound maneuver, raising its orbit to a {{Cvt|245|km}} into {{Cvt|22,459|km}} orbit.<ref>{{cite tweet|title=Aditya L1|user=isro|number=1698224462821544411|date=3 September 2023|access-date=3 September 2023}}</ref>
===Second orbit raising burn===
On 5 September ''Aditya L1'' raised its orbit to a {{Cvt|282|km}} into {{Cvt|40,225|km}} orbit.
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+Mission stages and maneuvers
|+Mission stages and maneuvers
Line 144: Line 159:
!Date/Time  
!Date/Time  
!Time (IST)
!Time (IST)
!Periapsis
![[Periapsis]]
!Apoapsis
![[Apoapsis]]
!Orbital Period
![[Orbital period|Orbital Period]]
!{{Refh}}
!{{Refh}}
|-
! colspan="7" |Launch
|-
|-
|Earth Orbit Insertion
|Earth Orbit Insertion
Line 154: Line 171:
|{{Cvt|235|km}}
|{{Cvt|235|km}}
|{{Cvt|19500|km}}
|{{Cvt|19500|km}}
|
|22 hours, 46 minutes
|<ref>{{Cite tweet|number=1697874341604835828|user=isro|title=The launch of Aditya-L1 by PSLV-C57 is accomplished successfully. The vehicle has placed the satellite precisely into its intended orbit. India’s first solar observatory has begun its journey to the destination of Sun-Earth L1 point.|date=2023-09-02|author=ISRO|df=dmy}}</ref>
|<ref>{{Cite tweet|number=1697874341604835828|user=isro|title=The launch of Aditya-L1 by PSLV-C57 is accomplished successfully. The vehicle has placed the satellite precisely into its intended orbit. India’s first solar observatory has begun its journey to the destination of Sun-Earth L1 point.|date=2023-09-02|author=ISRO|df=dmy}}</ref>
|-
! colspan="7" |Earth Bound Maneuvers
|-
|-
|Earth Bound Maneuver 1
|Earth Bound Maneuver 1
Line 162: Line 181:
|{{Cvt|245|km}}
|{{Cvt|245|km}}
|{{Cvt|22,459|km}}
|{{Cvt|22,459|km}}
|
|39 hours, 20 minutes
|<ref name="ebn2">{{Cite tweet|number=1698224462821544411|user=isro|title=The satellite is healthy and operating nominally. The first Earth-bound maneuvre (EBN#1) is performed successfully from ISTRAC, Bengaluru. The new orbit attained is 245km x 22459 km. The next maneuvre (EBN#2) is scheduled for September 5, 2023, around 03:00 Hrs. IST|date=2023-09-03|author=ISRO|df=dmy}}</ref>
|<ref name="ebn2">{{Cite tweet|number=1698224462821544411|user=isro|title=The satellite is healthy and operating nominally. The first Earth-bound maneuvre (EBN#1) is performed successfully from ISTRAC, Bengaluru. The new orbit attained is 245km x 22459 km. The next maneuvre (EBN#2) is scheduled for September 5, 2023, around 03:00 Hrs. IST|date=2023-09-03|author=ISRO|df=dmy}}</ref>
|-
|-
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|{{Cvt|282|km}}
|{{Cvt|282|km}}
|{{Cvt|40225|km}}
|{{Cvt|40225|km}}
|
|4 days, 23 hours and 30 minutes
|<ref name="ebn3">{{Cite tweet |user=isro |number=1698810887614992515 |title=Aditya-L1 Mission: The second Earth-bound maneuvre (EBN#2) is performed successfully from ISTRAC, Bengaluru. ISTRAC/ISRO's ground stations at Mauritius, Bengaluru and Port Blair tracked the satellite during this operation. The new orbit attained is 282 km x 40225 km. The next maneuvre (EBN#3) is scheduled for September 10, 2023, around 02:30 Hrs. IST |df=dmy |author=ISRO |author-link=ISRO}}</ref>
|<ref name="ebn3">{{Cite tweet |user=isro |number=1698810887614992515 |title=Aditya-L1 Mission: The second Earth-bound maneuvre (EBN#2) is performed successfully from ISTRAC, Bengaluru. ISTRAC/ISRO's ground stations at Mauritius, Bengaluru and Port Blair tracked the satellite during this operation. The new orbit attained is 282 km x 40225 km. The next maneuvre (EBN#3) is scheduled for September 10, 2023, around 02:30 Hrs. IST |df=dmy |author=ISRO |author-link=ISRO}}</ref>
|-
|-
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|10 September 2023
|10 September 2023
|2:30 am
|2:30 am
|
|{{Cvt|296|km}}
|
|{{Cvt|71,767|km}}
|
|4 days, 23 hours and 45 minutes
|<ref name="ebn3" />
|<ref name="ebn4">{{Cite tweet |user=isro|number=1700616257169400254|title=Aditya-L1 Mission:The third Earth-bound maneuvre (EBN#3) is performed successfully from ISTRAC, Bengaluru.ISRO's ground stations at Mauritius, Bengaluru, SDSC-SHAR and Port Blair tracked the satellite during this operation.The new orbit attained is 296 km x 71767  km.  The next maneuvre (EBN#4) is scheduled for September 15, 2023, around 02:00 Hrs. IST |df=dmy |author=ISRO |author-link=ISRO}}</ref>
|-
|-
|Earth Bound Maneuver 4
|Earth Bound Maneuver 4
|15 September 2023
|2:15 am
|{{Cvt|256|km}}
|{{Cvt|121,973|km}}
|3 days, 23 hours and 45 minutes
|<ref name="ebn5">{{Cite tweet |user=isro|number=1702426982602907974|title=Aditya-L1 Mission: The fourth Earth-bound maneuvre (EBN#4) is performed successfully. ISRO's ground stations at Mauritius, Bengaluru, SDSC-SHAR and Port Blair tracked the satellite during this operation, while a transportable terminal currently stationed in the Fiji islands for Aditya-L1 will support post-burn operations. The new orbit attained is 256 km x 121973 km. The next maneuvre Trans-Lagragean Point 1 Insertion (TL1I) a send-off from the Earth is scheduled for September 19, 2023, around 02:00 Hrs.IST |df=dmy |author=ISRO |author-link=ISRO}}</ref>
|-
|Trans-Lagrangian Point 1 Injection
|19 September 2023
|2:00 am
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|<ref>{{Cite tweet |user=isro|number=1703876571080143044|title=Aditya-L1 Mission: Off to Sun-Earth L1 point! The Trans-Lagrangean Point 1 Insertion (TL1I) maneuvre is performed successfully. The spacecraft is now on a trajectory that will take it to the Sun-Earth L1 point. It will be injected into an orbit around L1 through a maneuver after about 110 days. This is the fifth consecutive time ISRO has successfully transferred an object on a trajectory toward another celestial body or location in space |df=dmy |author=ISRO |author-link=ISRO}}</ref>
|
|
|-
|-
|Earth Bound Maneuver 5
! colspan="7" |Halo orbit injection
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Trans-Lagrangian 1 Injection
| Halo orbit insertion
|
|January 2024
|
|
|
|
Line 208: Line 229:
==Team==
==Team==
* [[Nigar Shaji]] - Project director  
* [[Nigar Shaji]] - Project director  
* [[Sankarasubramanian. K|Sankarasubramanian K]] - Principal scientist of the mission<ref>{{Cite web |title=Educational qualification of scientists behind ISRO's solar mission, Aditya L-1 |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/education/report-educational-qualification-of-scientists-behind-aditya-l-1-mission-chandrayaan-3-s-somanath-iit-iisc-bengaluru-3058363 |access-date=2023-09-04 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Sankarasubramanian. K|Sankarasubramanian K]] - Principal scientist of the mission<ref>{{Cite web |title=Educational qualification of scientists behind ISRO's solar mission, Aditya L-1 |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/education/report-educational-qualification-of-scientists-behind-aditya-l-1-mission-chandrayaan-3-s-somanath-iit-iisc-bengaluru-3058363 |access-date=2023-09-04 |website=DNA India |language=en |archive-date=4 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230904053429/https://www.dnaindia.com/education/report-educational-qualification-of-scientists-behind-aditya-l-1-mission-chandrayaan-3-s-somanath-iit-iisc-bengaluru-3058363 |url-status=live }}</ref>
 
== See also ==
== See also ==
{{Portal|Spaceflight}}
{{Portal|Spaceflight}}
* [[Lagrange point]]
* [[Sun#Solar space missions|Solar space missions]]
* [[Sun#Solar space missions|Solar space missions]]
* [[Solar Orbiter]]
* [[Solar Orbiter]]
* [[Parker Solar Probe]]
* [[Parker Solar Probe]]
* [[ISRO]]


== References ==
== References ==
{{notelist}}
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{Reflist|30em}}


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[[Category:Satellites of India]]
[[Category:Satellites of India]]
[[Category:2023 in spaceflight]]
[[Category:Spacecraft launched by India in 2023]]
[[Category:2023 in India]]
[[Category:Missions to the Sun]]
[[Category:Missions to the Sun]]
[[Category:September 2023 events in India]]
[[Category:Space probes launched in 2023]]
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