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[[File:Bhats (9938415574).jpg|thumb|Bhats in western India ({{circa|1855–62)}}]]


'''Bhat''' (also spelled as '''Bhatt''' or '''Butt''') is a surname in the [[Indian subcontinent]]. Bhat and Bhatt are shortened rendition of '''Bhatta'''.
'''Bhat''' (also spelled as '''Bhatt''' or '''Butt''') is a surname in the [[Indian subcontinent]]. Bhat and Bhatt are shortened renditions of '''Bhatta'''.


==Etymology==
==Etymology==
The word "Bhat" ({{lang-sa|भट}}, {{IAST3|Bhaṭa}}) means "teacher" in [[Sanskrit]].<ref name="Sahagala1994">{{cite book |last1=Sahagala |first1=Narendra |title=Converted Kashmir: Memorial of Mistakes |date=1994 |publisher=Utpal Publications |isbn=978-81-85217-06-2 |page=53 |language=English |quote=Bhat means a Brahmin, teacher, who imparts knowledge.}}</ref><ref name="Sehgal2013">{{cite book |last1=Sehgal |first1=Narender |title=A State In Turbulence Jammu & Kashmir |date=1 January 2013 |publisher=Prabhat Prakashan |isbn=978-81-8430-242-4 |page=18 |language=English}}</ref> While the original shortened rendition of "Bhatta" was "Bhat" or "Bhatt,"<ref name="Saligram Bhatt">{{cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=It1LePnN2LsC&q=Bhat&pg=PA134|title=Kashmiri Scholars Contribution to Knowledge and World Peace|author=Saligram Bhatt|quote=Bhat {Bhatt},  surnames are found in Uttaranchal, Northern Belt, Central and Western parts of the country and is a surname of sizeable Brahmins in Konkan, Maharashtra and Gujarat; where they had migrated in sizeable strength. Bhatta's who migrated to Gauda {Bengal} were called ''Acharaya's'' {Scholars} and thus ''Bhattacharaya's''. In Nepal they became priests, ardent worshippers of ''Bhadrakali'' and spread ''Kali'' worship; mostly around ''Pashupatinath''  Temple. In Uttaranchal they became ''Purohit'' {Priestly} class, adopted surname ''Purohit'', many changed profession but retained Bhatt surname. In northern plains, few became Bhatta's, many Bhatt's; in both cases ''Purohit'' {Priestly} class. In Central and Western parts, strict requirements of a Bhatta {Purohit} could not be sustained and to indicate their Brahmin roots they opted for surname only. Thus Bhatta and ''Purohit'' are surnames of the same category. Bhatta has a shortened version, Bhat {Bhatt}; referring to the same class of people. Surname Bhat {Bhatt} in ''Kas'mira'' can also be traced to short form of Bhatta. In ''Kas'mira'', Bhatta honorific has been associated with many personalities, scholars of 9th and 10th centuries, scriptures and specific in many cases in 14th century and later.|access-date=2 December 2010|isbn=9788131304020|year=2008}}</ref> many of the migrants to the [[Punjab region]] started spelling their surname as "But" or "Butt" which is the spelling of the clan used in the [[Pahari language (Kashmir)|Pahari language]].<ref name="Anthropological Survey of India2">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gPmBAAAAMAAJ|title=The Journal of the Anthropological Survey of India, Volume 52|publisher=The Survey|year=2003|quote=The But/Butt of Punjab were originally Brahmin migrants from Kashmir during 1878 famine.|access-date=2 December 2010}}</ref><ref name="P. K. Kaul">{{cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=DKFjAAAAMAAJ&q=butt+pahari|title=Pahāṛi and other tribal dialects of Jammu, Volume 1|publisher=Eastern Book Linkers|author=P.K. Kaul|quote=The But/Butt of Punjab were originally Brahmin migrants from Kashmir during 1878 famine.|access-date=2 December 2010|isbn=9788178541013|year=2006}}</ref>
The word "Bhat" ({{lang-sa|भट}}, {{IAST3|Bhaṭa}}) means "scholar” in [[Sanskrit]].<ref name="Sahagala1994">{{cite book |last1=Sahagala |first1=Narendra |title=Converted Kashmir: Memorial of Mistakes |date=1994 |publisher=Utpal Publications |isbn=978-81-85217-06-2 |page=53 |language=English |quote=Bhat means a Brahmin, teacher, who imparts knowledge.}}</ref><ref name="Sehgal2013">{{cite book |last1=Sehgal |first1=Narender |title=A State In Turbulence Jammu & Kashmir |date=1 January 2013 |publisher=Prabhat Prakashan |isbn=978-81-8430-242-4 |page=18 |language=English}}</ref> While the original shortened rendition of "Bhatta" was "Bhat" or "Bhatt,"<ref name="Saligram Bhatt">{{cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=It1LePnN2LsC&q=Bhat&pg=PA134|title=Kashmiri Scholars Contribution to Knowledge and World Peace|author=Saligram Bhatt|quote=Bhat {Bhatt},  surnames are found in Uttaranchal, Northern Belt, Central and Western parts of the country and is a surname of sizeable Brahmins in Konkan, Maharashtra and Gujarat; where they had migrated in sizeable strength. Bhattas who migrated to Gauda {Bengal} were called ''Acharaya's'' {Scholars} and thus ''Bhattacharaya's''. In Nepal, they became priests, ardent worshippers of ''Bhadrakali'' and spread ''Kali'' worship; mostly around ''Pashupatinath''  Temple. In Uttaranchal, they became the ''Purohit'' {Priestly} class, adopted the surname ''Purohit'', many changed profession but retained the Bhatt surname. In northern plains, few became Bhattas, many Bhatts; in both cases ''Purohit'' {Priestly} class. In Central and Western parts, strict requirements of a Bhatta {Purohit} could not be sustained, and to indicate the Brahmin roots they opted for a surname only. Thus Bhatta and ''Purohit'' are surnames of the same category. Bhatta has a shortened version, Bhat {Bhatt}; referring to the same class of people. Surname Bhat {Bhatt} in ''Kas'mira'' can also be traced to the short form of Bhatta. In ''Kas'mira'', the Bhatta honorific has been associated with many personalities, scholars of the 9th and 10th centuries, scriptures, and specific in many cases in the 14th century and later.|access-date=2 December 2010|isbn=9788131304020|year=2008}}</ref> many of the [[Kashmiri Pandits|Kashmiri Brahmin]] migrants to the [[Punjab]] region started spelling their surname as "Butt", which is the spelling of the clan used in certain dialects of the [[Punjabi language]], such as Pahari.<ref name="Anthropological Survey of India2"/><ref name=" P. K. Kaul"/><ref name="Madras Literary Society and Auxiliary of the Royal Asiatic Society">{{cite web|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=hVMYAQAAIAAJ&dq=bhat+butt+name&pg=PA143|title=Madras journal of literature and science, Volume 4|year=1836 |publisher=[[Athenæum Press]]|quote=''Bhatt'' (vulgarly ''Butt'') is the distinctive name of a class of Bramins in the north; and in the south the same class bear the distinctive title of ''Pattar''.|accessdate=2010-12-02}}</ref>


==Geographic distribution==
==Geographic distribution==
===Goa===
===Goa===
The surname is in use among some [[Konkani people#Christians|Konkani Christians]] who trace their ancestry to the [[Goud Saraswat Brahmins]] of [[Goa]].<ref name="Machado">''Sarasvati's Children: A History of the Mangalorean Christians'', Alan Machado Prabhu, I.J.A. Publications, 1999, p. 137</ref>
The surname is in use among some Konkani [[Gaud Saraswat Brahmin|Goud Saraswat Brahmins]] as well as [[Konkani people#Christians|Konkani Christians]] (who trace their ancestry to the [[Gaud Saraswat Brahmin|Goud Saraswat Brahmins]] of [[Goa]]).<ref name="Machado">''Sarasvati's Children: A History of the Mangalorean Christians'', Alan Machado Prabhu, I.J.A. Publications, 1999, p. 137</ref>
 
===Gujarat===
Hindu Bhatts who speak the [[Gujarati language]] reside in the Indian state belongs to [[Nagar Brahmin]]s.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}
 
===Karnataka===
This is a common surname among the [[Tuluva Brahmins]], [[Goud Saraswat Brahmin]]s and [[Havyaka Brahmin]]s of Karnataka.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}


===Kashmir===
===Kashmir===
Bhat, also spelled as Butt, is a [[Kashmiri people|Kashmiri]] surname, found among [[Kashmiri Brahmin]]s of the [[Kashmir|Kashmir Valley]], as well as [[Kashmiri Pandit|Kashmiri émigrés]] who migrated to [[Punjab region|Punjab]],<ref name="TJASI2">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gPmBAAAAMAAJ|title=The Journal of the Anthropological Survey of India|publisher=The Survey|year=2003|language=en|quote=The But/Butt of Punjab were originally Brahmin migrants from Kashmir during 1878 famine.|access-date=10 January 2015}}</ref><ref name="Bansi Pandit">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zsoC6GWr47QC&pg=PA99|title=Explore Kashmiri Pandits|publisher=Dharma Publications|isbn=9780963479860|access-date=2 December 2010}}</ref> a region divided between India and neighbouring [[Pakistan]].<ref name="Anthropological Survey of India2"/> Many such Muslim Kashmiris migrated to Punjab in the late 19th century due to 1878 Kashmir famine.<ref name=":0">{{cite book|title=From Jinnah to Jihad: Pakistan's Kashmir Quest and the Limits of Realism|last=Bahl|first=Arvin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iaYPyVAjHH8C|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist|year=2007|isbn=9788126907212|pages=76}}</ref><ref name=TJASI>{{cite book|title=The Journal of the Anthropological Survey of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gPmBAAAAMAAJ|access-date=10 January 2015|year=2003|publisher=The Survey|language=en|quote=The But/Butt of Punjab were originally Brahmin migrants from Kashmir during 1878 famine.}}</ref><ref name="University of Michigan2">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SANuAAAAMAAJ|title=The quarterly journal of the Mythic society (Bangalore)., Volume 96|publisher=The Society|year=2005|quote=Even today most common family name in Kashmir is Butt, a distortion of Bhatt, a Hindu surname common amongst the Brahmins in India.|access-date=2 December 2010}}</ref><ref name="Saligram Bhatt2">{{cite book|author=Saligram Bhatt|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=It1LePnN2LsC&q=Bhat&pg=PA134|title=Kashmiri Scholars Contribution to Knowledge and World Peace|year=2008|isbn=9788131304020|quote=Bhat {Bhatt}, surnames are found in Uttaranchal, Northern Belt, Central and Western parts of the country and is a surname of sizeable Brahmins in Konkan, Maharashtra and Gujarat; where they had migrated in sizeable strength. Bhatta's who migrated to Gauda {Bengal} were called ''Acharaya's'' {Scholars} and thus ''Bhattacharaya's''. In Nepal they became priests, ardent worshippers of ''Bhadrakali'' and spread ''Kali'' worship; mostly around ''Pashupatinath''  Temple. In Uttaranchal they became ''Purohit'' {Priestly} class, adopted surname ''Purohit'', many changed profession but retained Bhatt surname. In northern plains, few became Bhatta's, many Bhatt's; in both cases ''Purohit'' {Priestly} class. In Central and Western parts, strict requirements of a Bhatta {Purohit} could not be sustained and to indicate their Brahmin roots they opted for surname only. Thus Bhatta and ''Purohit'' are surnames of the same category. Bhatta has a shortened version, Bhat {Bhatt}; referring to the same class of people. Surname Bhat {Bhatt} in ''Kas'mira'' can also be traced to short form of Bhatta. In ''Kas'mira'', Bhatta honorific has been associated with many personalities, scholars of 9th and 10th centuries, scriptures and specific in many cases in 14th century and later.|access-date=2 December 2010}}</ref> The surname is shared by both Kashmiri [[Kashmiri Pandits|Hindus]] and [[Kashmiri Muslims|Muslims]].<ref name="Parvéz Dewân">{{cite book|author=Parvéz Dewân|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fF0wAQAAIAAJ|title=Parvéz Dewân's Jammû, Kashmîr, and Ladâkh: Kashmîr|date=January 2004|publisher=Manas Publications|isbn=9788170491798|quote=This is a surname shared by Hindus and Muslims.|access-date=2 December 2010}}</ref><ref name="Sharma2001">{{cite book|last=Sharma|first=Usha|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b3gwAQAAIAAJ|title=Political development in Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh|date=1 January 2001|publisher=Radha Publications|isbn=9788174870629|language=en|quote=Surnames like 'Bhatt' and 'Pandit' are common to both Hindus and Muslims.|access-date=11 January 2015}}</ref> During [[Sikandar Shah Miri|Sikandar Shah Miri's]] rule from 1389 to 1413 CE, his prime minister [[Suhabhatta|Suha Bhatt]] embraced Islam along with his family by [[Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani|Mir Muhammad Hamadani]] and took the name of Saif-ud-Din, along with earning the title of Malik.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Rich Heritage of Jammu & Kashmir by Somnath Wakhlu|url=http://ikashmir.net/richheritage/13.html|access-date=30 October 2021|website=ikashmir.net}}</ref>
Bhat, also spelled as Bhatt or Butt, is a [[Kashmiri Pandits|Kashmiri Pandit]] surname found among the [[Brahmin]]s of the [[Kashmir Valley]], as well as [[Kashmiris in Punjab|Kashmiri]] who migrated to [[Punjab]],<ref name="Anthropological Survey of India2">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gPmBAAAAMAAJ |title=The Journal of the Anthropological Survey of India, Volume 52 |publisher=The Survey |year=2003 |quote=The But/Butt of Punjab were originally Brahmin migrants from Kashmir during 1878 famine. |access-date=2 December 2010}}</ref><ref name="P. K. Kaul">{{cite book |author=[[P. K. Kaul|Kaul, P.K.]] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DKFjAAAAMAAJ&q=butt+pahari |title=Pahāṛi and other tribal dialects of Jammu, Volume 1 |publisher=Eastern Book Linkers |year=2006 |isbn=9788178541013 |quote=The But/Butt of Punjab were originally Brahmin migrants from Kashmir during 1878 famine. |access-date=2 December 2010}}</ref><ref name="Bansi Pandit">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zsoC6GWr47QC&pg=PA99|title=Explore Kashmiri Pandits|publisher=Dharma Publications|isbn=9780963479860|access-date=2 December 2010}}</ref> a region now divided between India and the neighbouring [[Pakistan]].<ref name="Anthropological Survey of India2"/> Many such Kashmiri Muslims migrated to Punjab in the late 19th century/early 20th century due to the 1878 Kashmir drought, escaping discrimination by local rulers and seeking trade opportunities.<ref name=":0">{{cite book|title=From Jinnah to Jihad: Pakistan's Kashmir Quest and the Limits of Realism|last=Bahl|first=Arvin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iaYPyVAjHH8C|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist|year=2007|isbn=9788126907212|pages=76}}</ref><ref name="Anthropological Survey of India2" /><ref name="University of Michigan2">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SANuAAAAMAAJ|title=The quarterly journal of the Mythic Society (Bangalore)., Volume 96|publisher=The Society|year=2005|quote=Even today most common family name in Kashmir is Butt, a distortion of Bhatt, a Hindu surname common amongst the Brahmins in India.|access-date=2 December 2010}}</ref><ref name="Saligram Bhatt2">{{cite book|author=Saligram Bhatt|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=It1LePnN2LsC&q=Bhat&pg=PA134|title=Kashmiri Scholars Contribution to Knowledge and World Peace|year=2008|isbn=9788131304020|quote=Bhat {Bhatt}, surnames are found in Uttaranchal, Northern Belt, Central and Western parts of the country and are a surname of sizeable Brahmins in Konkan, Maharashtra, and Gujarat; where they had migrated in sizeable strength. Bhattas who migrated to Gauda {Bengal} were called ''Acharaya's'' {Scholars} and thus ''Bhattacharaya's''. In Nepal, they became priests, ardent worshippers of ''Bhadrakali'' and spread ''Kali'' worship; mostly around ''Pashupatinath''  Temple. In [[Uttarakhand|Uttaranchal]], they became ''Purohit'' {Priestly} class, adopted the surname ''Purohit'', many changed profession but retained the Bhatt surname. In northern plains, few became Bhattas, many Bhatts; in both cases ''Purohit'' {Priestly} class. In Central and Western parts, strict requirements of a Bhatta {Purohit} could not be sustained, and to indicate the Brahmin roots they opted for a surname only. Thus Bhatta and ''Purohit'' are surnames of the same category. Bhatta has a shortened version, Bhat {Bhatt}; referring to the same class of people. Surname Bhat {Bhatt} in ''Kas'mira'' can also be traced to a short form of Bhatta. In ''Kas'mira'', the Bhatta honorific has been associated with many personalities, scholars of the 9th and 10th centuries, scriptures, and specific in many cases in the 14th century and later.|access-date=2 December 2010}}</ref> The surname is now shared by both [[Kashmiri Hindus]] and [[Kashmiri Muslims]] who mostly retained their last names.<ref name="Parvéz Dewân">{{cite book|author=Parvéz Dewân|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fF0wAQAAIAAJ|title=Parvéz Dewân's Jammû, Kashmîr, and Ladâkh: Kashmîr|date=January 2004|publisher=Manas Publications|isbn=9788170491798|quote=This is a surname shared by Hindus and Muslims.|access-date=2 December 2010}}</ref><ref name="Sharma2001">{{cite book|last=Sharma|first=Usha|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b3gwAQAAIAAJ|title=Political development in Jammu, Kashmir, and Ladakh|date=1 January 2001|publisher=Radha Publications|isbn=9788174870629|language=en|quote=Surnames like 'Bhatt' and 'Pandit' are common to both Hindus and Muslims.|access-date=11 January 2015}}</ref> Some Kashmiri Muslim Butts changed their surname to "Sheikh" after the advent of [[Islam]], as this is the equivalent term for "scholar" used in Muslim society.


===Bengal===
===Punjab===
Hindu Bhattas who reside in the [[Bengal|Bengal region]] and speak [[Bengali language|Bengali]] belong to [[Kulin Brahmin]]s and are found in the [[India]]n states of [[West Bengal]], [[Assam]] and [[Tripura]].
Some Bhats/Butts found in the [[Punjab region]] are descendants of those who migrated to different cities of (undivided) Punjab from [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Kashmir and Jammu]] during the [[Great Famine of 1876–1878|1878 famine]],<ref name="Anthropological Survey of India2"/><ref name=" P. K. Kaul"/><ref name="University of Michigan2"/> In [[Ludhiana]], Kashmiris became known for their contribution to the handicraft arena.<ref name="The Tribune">{{cite book|url =http://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20030724/ldh1.htm|title=Kashmiris' contribution to Ludhianvi culture|work =[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]|quote= In fact, the Ludhiana hosiery industry owes its origin to Kashmiris. According to the Ludhiana District Gazetteer, during a devastating famine in the 19th century a number of Kashmiris migrated to Ludhiana. They are known world over for their handicraft skills. They started weaving woollen fabric here. Slowly the trade got popular and Ludhiana started to be identified with hosiery only.|accessdate = 2007-03-25}}</ref> Not all using the surname Bhat or Butt belong to the caste. "Bhat" or "Butt" in the Punjab Province of colonial India became a collective title given to Kashmiri immigrants as it was the most common name of the immigrants. Even Kashmiris who did not have this surname were erroneously identified as "Butt" in official records in the same way that "[[Khan (surname)|Khan]]" was used for all Pashtun/Afghan immigrants.


===Nepal===
===South India===
Hindu Bhattas who reside in Nepal and speak [[Nepali language]] and [[Doteli language]] are mostly found in the Mahakali zone of [[Sudurpashchim Province]], [[Nepal]]. Some Nepali Bhattas are also found from the [[Gorkha district]] of [[Nepal]]. However, due to migration of people for opportunities nowadays, Bhattas can be found in different parts of Nepal.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}
The word Bhaṭṭa (Kannada:ಭಟ್ಟ) or Bhaṭṭar (Tamil: பட்டர்) is traditionally used, especially in the states of [[Tamil Nadu|Tamil Nadu]] and [[Karnataka]] usually to denote a "learned man" or a "scholar" (mostly [[Pancha-Dravida|Brahmins]]), but also in other southern states.


===Punjab===
It was originally used as an honorific like [[Shastri|śāstri]] or paṇḍita, but has become a surname in parts of the country in modern times used as a family name rather than an honorific. In [[South Karnataka|Southern Karnataka]] naming convention followed is such that, generally, one's fathers name is kept as the surname irrespective of caste and many of these honorifics continue to be used as honorifics.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/India_Personal_Names |title=India Personal Names |access-date=4 May 2023 |website=www.familysearch.org}}</ref>
Some Muslim Bhats/Butts found in Pakistani Punjab migrated to different cities of (undivided) Punjab from [[Kashmir and Jammu (princely state)|Kashmir and Jammu]] during the [[Great Famine of 1876–78|1878 famine]],<ref name="Anthropological Survey of India2"/><ref name="P. K. Kaul"/> and are [[Kashmiri Pandits|Hindu]] converts to Islam.<ref name=TJASI/><ref name="University of Michigan2"/> Many such Muslim Kashmiris migrated to Punjab in the late 19th century due to natural disasters.


===Uttarakhand===
In earlier times a caste name or village name was used by the Tamils as their last name, but due to the influence of the [[Dravidian movement]], Tamils of all castes have mostly given up caste surnames. However, frequently adopt their father's or husband's name and take it for successive generations. But, honorific like Bhaṭṭar are still in use in spoke language rather than as a surname.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian Culture - Naming |url=http://culturalatlas.sbs.com.au/indian-culture/indian-culture-naming |access-date=4 May 2023 |website=Cultural Atlas |language=en}}</ref>
Bhatt residing in Uttarakhand are mostly Hindu Brahmins. They speak Hindi, [[Kumaoni language|Kumauni]] or [[Garhwali language|Garhwali]] language and are priests in the local temples.{{citation needed|date=December 2020}}


===Himachal Pradesh===
This surname is commonly found in [[Havyaka Brahmins]], [[Kota Brahmins]], [[Shivalli Brahmins]], [[Sthanika Brahmins]], [[Koteshwara Brahmin]]s, [[Kandavara Brahmins]], [[Gaud Saraswat Brahmin|Goud Saraswat Brahmins]], [[Hoysala Karnataka Brahmins|Hoysala Brahmins]] of Karnataka.<ref>{{Citation |title=Hoysala Karnataka Brahmins |date=2023-05-15 |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hoysala_Karnataka_Brahmins&oldid=1154956086 |work=Wikipedia |access-date=2023-05-30 |language=en}}</ref>
Bhatt residing in Himachal Pradesh belong to Brahmins of Gaddi community. They use Bhatt as a canopy term and are further divided into sub-castes like Lappar, Maradu, Dangnu, Langhe, Daenu, Baune, Bagaedu etc.{{citation needed|date=January 2021}} Rayebhatt also belong to this caste. They speak Kangri and Gaddi languages. They belong to Gotras viz; Vashishth, Bhardwaj, Kaundinya, Gautam etc. Bhatt in Himachal Pradesh are distributed in the districts of Kangra and Chamba. In Kangra they are found near Dharamshala and Palampur. In Chamba they are mostly found in Bharmour region.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Gaddi, a Hindu community of the Western Himalayas |year=2019 |url=https://open.library.ubc.ca/cIRcle/collections/ubccommunityandpartnerspublicati/52387/items/1.0385824 |language=en |doi=10.14288/1.0385824|last1=Christopher |first1=Stephen }}</ref>


==Notable individuals==
==Notable individuals==
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===Academics===
===Academics===
* [[Aryabhatta]], first of the major mathematician-astronomers from the classical age of Indian mathematics and Indian astronomy.
* [[Aryabhatta]] (476–550 [[Common Era|CE]]), first of the major mathematician-astronomers from the classical age of Indian mathematics and astronomy
* [[Bāṇabhaṭṭa]], [[Sanskrit]] prose writer and poet
* [[Bāṇabhaṭṭa]], [[Sanskrit]], prose writer and poet
* [[B. V. Rajarama Bhat]], Indian mathematician
* [[B. V. Rajarama Bhat]], Indian mathematician
* [[Mayurbhatta]], poet of [[harsha]]'s court  
* [[Mayurbhatta]], poet of Harsha's court
* [[Miriam Butt]], Professor of Linguistics and Chair of the Department of Linguistics (Facereich Sprachwissenschaft) at the University of Konstanz
* [[Miriam Butt]], Professor of Linguistics and Chair of the Department of Linguistics (Facereich Sprachwissenschaft) at the University of Konstanz
* [[Muhammad Asim Butt]], Pakistani Urdu novelist, short story writer
* [[Muhammad Asim Butt]], Pakistani Urdu novelist and short story writer
* [[Motiram Bhatta]], Nepali [[Sanskrit]] and [[Khas language]] poet
* [[Motiram Bhatta]] (1866–1896), Nepali Sanskrit and Khas language poet
* [[P. Gururaja Bhat]], Indian archaeologist
* [[P. Gururaja Bhat]] (1924–1978), Indian archaeologist
* [[Pamposh Bhat]], Kashmiri Indian environmentalist
* [[Pamposh Bhat]] (born 19 September 1958), Kashmiri Indian environmentalist
* [[Rasheed Butt]], renowned Pakistani artist and recipient of "The Pride of Performance" 1989
* [[Rasheed Butt]] (born 1944), renowned Pakistani artist and recipient of "The Pride of Performance" 1989
* [[Shyam Bhat]], physician
* [[Shyam Bhat]], physician
* [[Suresh Bhat]], Marathi Indian ghazal writer
* [[Suresh Bhat]] (1932–2003), Marathi Indian ghazal writer
* [[U. Narayan Bhat]], Indian mathematician
* [[U. Narayan Bhat]] (born 1934), Indian mathematician
* [[U. R. Bhat]], economist
* [[U. R. Bhat]], economist
* [[Vasanti N. Bhat-Nayak]], Indian mathematician
* [[Vasanti N. Bhat-Nayak]], Indian mathematician
* [[Vinay Bhat]], American chess player
* [[Vinay Bhat]] (born 1984), American chess player
* [[Kiran Bhat]] (born 1990), Indian-American novelist


===Actors, models, technicians and musicians===
===Actors, models, technicians and musicians===
* [[Ahmed Butt]], male Pakistani model and actor
* [[Ahmed Butt]] (born 1975), male Pakistani model and actor
* [[Ali Azmat|Ali Azmat Butt]], Pakistani rock artist, and former lead singer of rock band Junoon
* [[Ali Azmat|Ali Azmat Butt]] (born 20 April 1970), Pakistani rock artist and former lead singer of rock band Junoon
* [[Alia Bhatt]], Bollywood actress
* [[Alia Bhatt]] (born 15 March 1993), Bollywood actress
* [[Ambreen Butt]], Pakistani model
* [[Ambreen Butt]], Pakistani model
* [[Anuradha Bhat]], Indian playback singer
* [[Anuradha Bhat]] (born 1969), Indian playback singer
* [[Asha Bhat]], Indian model
* [[Asha Bhat]] (born 1992), Indian model
* [[Asim Butt (artist)|Asim Butt]], Pakistani painter and sculptor and a member of the Stuckist Art Movement
* [[Asim Butt (artist)|Asim Butt]] (born 1978), Pakistani painter and sculptor and a member of the Stuckist Art Movement
* [[Biraj Bhatta]], Nepalese actor
* [[Biraj Bhatta]], Nepalese actor
* [[DJ Butt]], Pakistani disc jockey for PTI
* [[DJ Butt]] (born 1987), Pakistani disc jockey for PTI
* [[Farhan Saeed|Farhan Saeed Butt]], Pakistani singer and member of rock band Jal
* [[Farhan Saeed|Farhan Saeed Butt]] (born 1984), Pakistani singer and member of rock band Jal
* [[Furqan and Imran|Imran Imtiaz Butt]], Pakistani singer
* [[Furqan and Imran|Imran Imtiaz Butt]], Pakistani singer
* [[Ganapati Bhat]], Hindustani classical vocalist
* [[Ganapati Bhat]], Hindustani classical vocalist
* [[Hrishitaa Bhatt]], Indian model
* [[Hrishitaa Bhatt]], Indian model
* [[Mahesh Bhatt]], Indian film producer and director
* [[Keerthi Bhat]] (born 1999), Indian actress
* [[Muhammad Younis Butt]], Pakistani screenwriter
* [[Mahesh Bhatt]] (born 1948), Indian film producer and director
* [[Neil Bhatt]], Indian Television actor, dancer, choreographer  
* [[Muhammad Younis Butt]] (born 1962), Pakistani screenwriter
* [[Osman Khalid Butt]], Pakistani actor
* [[Neil Bhatt]], Indian television actor, dancer and choreographer
* [[Pooja Bhatt]], Indian actress
* [[Osman Khalid Butt]] (born 1986), Pakistani actor
* [[Pooja Bhatt]] (born 1972), Indian actress
* [[Praneet Bhat]], Kashmiri Indian actor
* [[Praneet Bhat]], Kashmiri Indian actor
* [[Rabia Butt]], Pakistani model
* [[Rabia Butt]], Pakistani model
Line 81: Line 73:
* [[Ramesh Bhat]], Indian actor
* [[Ramesh Bhat]], Indian actor
* [[Samina Peerzada|Samina Peerzada Butt]], Pakistani actress
* [[Samina Peerzada|Samina Peerzada Butt]], Pakistani actress
* [[Shubhraj Bhat]], Indian actor
* [[Tanmay Bhat]], Indian actor and comedian
* [[Tanmay Bhat]], Indian actor and Comedian
* [[Yogaraj Bhat]] (born 1972), Indian film writer and director
* [[Yogaraj Bhat]], Indian film writer and director.
*
*


===Businesspeople===
===Businesspeople===
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===Military===
===Military===
* [[Muhammad Zaki Butt]], former Air Commodore in the Pakistan Air Force and bodyguard of Quaid-e-Azam, Muhammad Ali Jinnah
* [[Muhammad Zaki Butt]] (26 January 1929), former Air Commodore in the Pakistan Air Force and bodyguard of Quaid-e-Azam, Muhammad Ali Jinnah
* [[Ziauddin Butt]], former Chief of the Inter-Services Intelligence
* [[Ziauddin Butt]], former Chief of the Inter-Services Intelligence
* [[Tahir Rafique Butt]], 20th Chief of Air Staff of the Pakistan Air Force
* [[Tahir Rafique Butt]] (born 1955), 20th Chief of Air Staff of the Pakistan Air Force
* [[Malik Tazi Bhat]], 15th century Warlord, from Jammu, who fought Lodhi Dynasty
* [[Malik Tazi Bhat]], 15th-century warlord, from Jammu, who fought the Lodhi Dynasty


===Politics===
===Politics===
* [[Balaji Vishwanath Bhat]], [[Peshwa]] of the [[Maratha Empire]]
* [[Balaji Vishwanath Bhat]] (born 1662), Peshwa of the Maratha Empire
* [[Baji Rao I]], [[Peshwa]] of the [[Maratha Empire]]
* [[Baji Rao I]] (born 1700), Peshwa of the Maratha Empire
* [[Ghulam Mustafa Bhat]], former Mayor of Srinagar
* [[Ghulam Mustafa Bhat]], former Mayor of Srinagar
* [[Hassan Butt]], former spokesman for the disbanded British Islamist group Al-Muhajiroun
* [[Hassan Butt]] (born  1980), the former spokesman for the disbanded British Islamist group Al-Muhajiroun
* [[Mian Muhammad Nawaz Sharif]], Three time Prime Minister of Pakistan, of Kashmiri origin (Amritsari)
* [[Kalsoom Nawaz Sharif]], First Lady of Pakistan, wife of Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif, of Kashmiri origin
* [[Kalsoom Nawaz Sharif]], First Lady of Pakistan, wife of Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif, of Kashmiri origin
* [[Khem Raj Bhatta Mayalu|Khemraj Bhatta "Mayalu"]], [[Nepali Congress]] politician
* [[Khem Raj Bhatta Mayalu|Khemraj Bhatta "Mayalu"]], [[Nepali Congress]] politician
* [[Lekh Raj Bhatta]], Nepali [[CPN Maoist]] politician
* [[Lekh Raj Bhatta]], Nepali [[CPN Maoist]] politician
* [[Masarat Alam Bhat]], Kashmiri separatist
* [[Masarat Alam Bhat]] (born 1971), Kashmiri separatist
* [[Maqbool Bhat]], executed Kashmiri separatist
* [[Maqbool Bhat]] (18 February 1938 – 11 February 1984), executed Kashmiri separatist
* [[Shakeel Bhat]], outspoken Kashmiri separatist activist, labelled as "Islamic Rage Boy" by Western media
* [[Shakeel Ahmad Bhat|Shakeel Bhat]] (born around 1978), outspoken Kashmiri separatist activist, labeled as an "Islamic Rage Boy" by Western media
* [[S. L. Bhat]], Kashmiri Indian serving as the Chairman of the Jammu & Kashmir Public Service Commission
* [[S. L. Bhat]], Kashmiri Indian serving as chairman of the Jammu & Kashmir Public Service Commission
* [[Sohail Shaukat Butt]], Pakistani politician
* [[Sohail Shaukat Butt]] (born 1 April 1983), Pakistani politician
* [[Trilochan Bhatta]], Nepalese politician and current [[Chief Minister]] of [[Sudurpashchim Province]], [[Nepal]]
* [[Trilochan Bhatta]] (born 1969), Nepalese politician and current Chief Minister of Sudurpashchim Province, Nepal
* [[Umer Tanveer]] Butt, a young politician and Member of Punjab Provincial Assembly, businessman and philanthropist
* [[Umer Tanveer]] Butt (born 6 March 1982), politician and Member of the Punjab Provincial Assembly, businessman, and philanthropist


===Scientists===
===Scientists===
* [[Noor Muhammad Butt]], Pakistani nuclear physicist, research scientist and chairman of Pakistan Science Foundation
* [[Noor Muhammad Butt]](born on 3 June 1936), Pakistani nuclear physicist, research scientist, and chairman of the Pakistan Science Foundation
* [[Parvez Butt]], Pakistani nuclear engineer and former chairman of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission
* [[Parvez Butt]] (born on 4 October 1942), Pakistani nuclear engineer and former chairman of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission
* [[Atul Butte]], researcher in biomedical informatics and biotechnology entrepreneur in Silicon Valley
* [[Atul Butte]], researcher in biomedical informatics and biotechnology entrepreneur in Silicon Valley


===Sports===
===Sports===
*[[Amad Butt]], Pakistani cricket player for Islamabad United, of Kashmiri origin
*[[Amad Butt]] (born 10 May 1995), Pakistani cricket player for Islamabad United, of Kashmiri origin
*[[Arif Butt]], Pakistani cricket player
*[[Arif Butt]] ( 17 May 1944 – 11 July 2007), Pakistani cricket player
*[[Arvind Bhat]], Indian badminton player
*[[Arvind Bhat]] (born 7 June 1979), Indian badminton player
*[[Abhishek Bhat]], Indian cricket player
*[[Abhishek Bhat]] (born 19 November 1989), Indian cricket player
*[[The Great Gama|Ghulam Mohammad Baksh Butt]], a Pakistani wrestler is known popularly as The Great Gama
*[[The Great Gama|Ghulam Mohammad Baksh Butt]] (22 May 1878 – 23 May 1960), popularly known by his [[ring name]] the Great Gama, [[pehlwani]] wrestler of Kashmiri Muslim origin
*[[Hussain Butt]], Pakistani cricketer
*[[Hussain Butt]] (born 7 August 1976), Pakistani cricketer
*[[Ijaz Butt]], former Chairman of Pakistan Cricket Board and cricket player, of Kashmiri origin
*[[Ijaz Butt]] (born 10 March 1938), former chairman of Pakistan Cricket Board and cricket player, of Kashmiri origin
*[[Ikram Butt]], Rugby player for England, of Pakistani/Kashmiri origin
*[[Ikram Butt]] (born 25 October 1968), rugby player for England, of Pakistani/Kashmiri origin
*[[Muhammad Sharif Butt]], Pakistani sprinter
*[[Muhammad Sharif Butt]] (15 January 1926 – 8 June 2015), Pakistani sprinter
*[[Pramila Bhatt]], Indian cricketer
*[[Pramila Bhatt]] (born 16 September 1969), Indian cricketer
*[[Raghuram Bhat]], Indian cricketer
*[[Raghuram Bhat]] (born 16 April 1958), Indian cricketer
*[[Rehan Butt]], Pakistani field hockey player
*[[Rehan Butt]] (6 July 1980), Pakistani field hockey player
*[[Samad Bhat]], Indian cricket player
*[[Samad Bhat]] (born 2 October 1995), Indian cricket player
*[[Salman Butt]], Pakistani cricketer
*[[Salman Butt]] (born 7 October 1984), Pakistani cricketer
*[[Sadia Butt]], Pakistani cricketer
*[[Sadia Butt]] (born 2 March 1975), Pakistani cricketer
*[[Shujauddin Butt]], Pakistani cricketer
*[[Shujauddin Butt]] (10 April 1930 – 7 February 2006), Pakistani cricketer
*[[Yasir Butt]], Pakistani squash player
*[[Yasir Butt]] (born 3 July 1986), Pakistani squash player
*[[Yousuf Butt]], Pakistani footballer
*[[Yousuf Butt]] (born  18 October 1989), Pakistani footballer


==See also==
==See also==
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==References==
==References==
{{reflist|3}}
{{reflist}}


{{Kashmirifamalies}}
{{Kashmirifamalies}}
{{Template:Bahun communities}}
{{Bahun communities}}
{{Template:Chhetri communities}}
{{Chhetri communities}}


{{Surname}}
{{Surname}}
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[[Category:Indian surnames]]
[[Category:Indian surnames]]
[[Category:Social groups of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Social groups of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Mulla Brahmins]]
[[Category:Surnames]]
[[Category:Surnames]]
[[Category:Brahmin communities of Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Brahmin communities of Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Kashmiri-language surnames]]
[[Category:Kashmiri tribes]]

Revision as of 20:03, 23 July 2023

Bhat (also spelled as Bhatt or Butt) is a surname in the Indian subcontinent. Bhat and Bhatt are shortened renditions of Bhatta.

Etymology

The word "Bhat" (Sanskrit: भट, IAST: Bhaṭa) means "scholar” in Sanskrit.[1][2] While the original shortened rendition of "Bhatta" was "Bhat" or "Bhatt,"[3] many of the Kashmiri Brahmin migrants to the Punjab region started spelling their surname as "Butt", which is the spelling of the clan used in certain dialects of the Punjabi language, such as Pahari.[4][5][6]

Geographic distribution

Goa

The surname is in use among some Konkani Goud Saraswat Brahmins as well as Konkani Christians (who trace their ancestry to the Goud Saraswat Brahmins of Goa).[7]

Kashmir

Bhat, also spelled as Bhatt or Butt, is a Kashmiri Pandit surname found among the Brahmins of the Kashmir Valley, as well as Kashmiri who migrated to Punjab,[4][5][8] a region now divided between India and the neighbouring Pakistan.[4] Many such Kashmiri Muslims migrated to Punjab in the late 19th century/early 20th century due to the 1878 Kashmir drought, escaping discrimination by local rulers and seeking trade opportunities.[9][4][10][11] The surname is now shared by both Kashmiri Hindus and Kashmiri Muslims who mostly retained their last names.[12][13] Some Kashmiri Muslim Butts changed their surname to "Sheikh" after the advent of Islam, as this is the equivalent term for "scholar" used in Muslim society.

Punjab

Some Bhats/Butts found in the Punjab region are descendants of those who migrated to different cities of (undivided) Punjab from Kashmir and Jammu during the 1878 famine,[4][5][10] In Ludhiana, Kashmiris became known for their contribution to the handicraft arena.[14] Not all using the surname Bhat or Butt belong to the caste. "Bhat" or "Butt" in the Punjab Province of colonial India became a collective title given to Kashmiri immigrants as it was the most common name of the immigrants. Even Kashmiris who did not have this surname were erroneously identified as "Butt" in official records in the same way that "Khan" was used for all Pashtun/Afghan immigrants.

South India

The word Bhaṭṭa (Kannada:ಭಟ್ಟ) or Bhaṭṭar (Tamil: பட்டர்) is traditionally used, especially in the states of Tamil Nadu and Karnataka usually to denote a "learned man" or a "scholar" (mostly Brahmins), but also in other southern states.

It was originally used as an honorific like śāstri or paṇḍita, but has become a surname in parts of the country in modern times used as a family name rather than an honorific. In Southern Karnataka naming convention followed is such that, generally, one's fathers name is kept as the surname irrespective of caste and many of these honorifics continue to be used as honorifics.[15]

In earlier times a caste name or village name was used by the Tamils as their last name, but due to the influence of the Dravidian movement, Tamils of all castes have mostly given up caste surnames. However, frequently adopt their father's or husband's name and take it for successive generations. But, honorific like Bhaṭṭar are still in use in spoke language rather than as a surname.[16]

This surname is commonly found in Havyaka Brahmins, Kota Brahmins, Shivalli Brahmins, Sthanika Brahmins, Koteshwara Brahmins, Kandavara Brahmins, Goud Saraswat Brahmins, Hoysala Brahmins of Karnataka.[17]

Notable individuals

Academics

Actors, models, technicians and musicians

Businesspeople

  • Baiju Bhatt (born 1984/1985), American billionaire, co-founder of Robinhood

Military

  • Muhammad Zaki Butt (26 January 1929), former Air Commodore in the Pakistan Air Force and bodyguard of Quaid-e-Azam, Muhammad Ali Jinnah
  • Ziauddin Butt, former Chief of the Inter-Services Intelligence
  • Tahir Rafique Butt (born 1955), 20th Chief of Air Staff of the Pakistan Air Force
  • Malik Tazi Bhat, 15th-century warlord, from Jammu, who fought the Lodhi Dynasty

Politics

Scientists

  • Noor Muhammad Butt(born on 3 June 1936), Pakistani nuclear physicist, research scientist, and chairman of the Pakistan Science Foundation
  • Parvez Butt (born on 4 October 1942), Pakistani nuclear engineer and former chairman of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission
  • Atul Butte, researcher in biomedical informatics and biotechnology entrepreneur in Silicon Valley

Sports

  • Amad Butt (born 10 May 1995), Pakistani cricket player for Islamabad United, of Kashmiri origin
  • Arif Butt ( 17 May 1944 – 11 July 2007), Pakistani cricket player
  • Arvind Bhat (born 7 June 1979), Indian badminton player
  • Abhishek Bhat (born 19 November 1989), Indian cricket player
  • Ghulam Mohammad Baksh Butt (22 May 1878 – 23 May 1960), popularly known by his ring name the Great Gama, pehlwani wrestler of Kashmiri Muslim origin
  • Hussain Butt (born 7 August 1976), Pakistani cricketer
  • Ijaz Butt (born 10 March 1938), former chairman of Pakistan Cricket Board and cricket player, of Kashmiri origin
  • Ikram Butt (born 25 October 1968), rugby player for England, of Pakistani/Kashmiri origin
  • Muhammad Sharif Butt (15 January 1926 – 8 June 2015), Pakistani sprinter
  • Pramila Bhatt (born 16 September 1969), Indian cricketer
  • Raghuram Bhat (born 16 April 1958), Indian cricketer
  • Rehan Butt (6 July 1980), Pakistani field hockey player
  • Samad Bhat (born 2 October 1995), Indian cricket player
  • Salman Butt (born 7 October 1984), Pakistani cricketer
  • Sadia Butt (born 2 March 1975), Pakistani cricketer
  • Shujauddin Butt (10 April 1930 – 7 February 2006), Pakistani cricketer
  • Yasir Butt (born 3 July 1986), Pakistani squash player
  • Yousuf Butt (born 18 October 1989), Pakistani footballer

See also

References

  1. ↑ Sahagala, Narendra (1994). Converted Kashmir: Memorial of Mistakes. Utpal Publications. p. 53. ISBN 978-81-85217-06-2. Bhat means a Brahmin, teacher, who imparts knowledge.
  2. ↑ Sehgal, Narender (1 January 2013). A State In Turbulence Jammu & Kashmir. Prabhat Prakashan. p. 18. ISBN 978-81-8430-242-4.
  3. ↑ Saligram Bhatt (2008). Kashmiri Scholars Contribution to Knowledge and World Peace. ISBN 9788131304020. Retrieved 2 December 2010. Bhat {Bhatt}, surnames are found in Uttaranchal, Northern Belt, Central and Western parts of the country and is a surname of sizeable Brahmins in Konkan, Maharashtra and Gujarat; where they had migrated in sizeable strength. Bhattas who migrated to Gauda {Bengal} were called Acharaya's {Scholars} and thus Bhattacharaya's. In Nepal, they became priests, ardent worshippers of Bhadrakali and spread Kali worship; mostly around Pashupatinath Temple. In Uttaranchal, they became the Purohit {Priestly} class, adopted the surname Purohit, many changed profession but retained the Bhatt surname. In northern plains, few became Bhattas, many Bhatts; in both cases Purohit {Priestly} class. In Central and Western parts, strict requirements of a Bhatta {Purohit} could not be sustained, and to indicate the Brahmin roots they opted for a surname only. Thus Bhatta and Purohit are surnames of the same category. Bhatta has a shortened version, Bhat {Bhatt}; referring to the same class of people. Surname Bhat {Bhatt} in Kas'mira can also be traced to the short form of Bhatta. In Kas'mira, the Bhatta honorific has been associated with many personalities, scholars of the 9th and 10th centuries, scriptures, and specific in many cases in the 14th century and later.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 The Journal of the Anthropological Survey of India, Volume 52. The Survey. 2003. Retrieved 2 December 2010. The But/Butt of Punjab were originally Brahmin migrants from Kashmir during 1878 famine.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Kaul, P.K. (2006). Pahāṛi and other tribal dialects of Jammu, Volume 1. Eastern Book Linkers. ISBN 9788178541013. Retrieved 2 December 2010. The But/Butt of Punjab were originally Brahmin migrants from Kashmir during 1878 famine.
  6. ↑ "Madras journal of literature and science, Volume 4". Athenæum Press. 1836. Retrieved 2 December 2010. Bhatt (vulgarly Butt) is the distinctive name of a class of Bramins in the north; and in the south the same class bear the distinctive title of Pattar.
  7. ↑ Sarasvati's Children: A History of the Mangalorean Christians, Alan Machado Prabhu, I.J.A. Publications, 1999, p. 137
  8. ↑ Explore Kashmiri Pandits. Dharma Publications. ISBN 9780963479860. Retrieved 2 December 2010.
  9. ↑ Bahl, Arvin (2007). From Jinnah to Jihad: Pakistan's Kashmir Quest and the Limits of Realism. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. p. 76. ISBN 9788126907212.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 The quarterly journal of the Mythic Society (Bangalore)., Volume 96. The Society. 2005. Retrieved 2 December 2010. Even today most common family name in Kashmir is Butt, a distortion of Bhatt, a Hindu surname common amongst the Brahmins in India.
  11. ↑ Saligram Bhatt (2008). Kashmiri Scholars Contribution to Knowledge and World Peace. ISBN 9788131304020. Retrieved 2 December 2010. Bhat {Bhatt}, surnames are found in Uttaranchal, Northern Belt, Central and Western parts of the country and are a surname of sizeable Brahmins in Konkan, Maharashtra, and Gujarat; where they had migrated in sizeable strength. Bhattas who migrated to Gauda {Bengal} were called Acharaya's {Scholars} and thus Bhattacharaya's. In Nepal, they became priests, ardent worshippers of Bhadrakali and spread Kali worship; mostly around Pashupatinath Temple. In Uttaranchal, they became Purohit {Priestly} class, adopted the surname Purohit, many changed profession but retained the Bhatt surname. In northern plains, few became Bhattas, many Bhatts; in both cases Purohit {Priestly} class. In Central and Western parts, strict requirements of a Bhatta {Purohit} could not be sustained, and to indicate the Brahmin roots they opted for a surname only. Thus Bhatta and Purohit are surnames of the same category. Bhatta has a shortened version, Bhat {Bhatt}; referring to the same class of people. Surname Bhat {Bhatt} in Kas'mira can also be traced to a short form of Bhatta. In Kas'mira, the Bhatta honorific has been associated with many personalities, scholars of the 9th and 10th centuries, scriptures, and specific in many cases in the 14th century and later.
  12. ↑ Parvéz Dewân (January 2004). Parvéz Dewân's Jammû, Kashmîr, and Ladâkh: Kashmîr. Manas Publications. ISBN 9788170491798. Retrieved 2 December 2010. This is a surname shared by Hindus and Muslims.
  13. ↑ Sharma, Usha (1 January 2001). Political development in Jammu, Kashmir, and Ladakh. Radha Publications. ISBN 9788174870629. Retrieved 11 January 2015. Surnames like 'Bhatt' and 'Pandit' are common to both Hindus and Muslims.
  14. ↑ Kashmiris' contribution to Ludhianvi culture. Retrieved 25 March 2007. In fact, the Ludhiana hosiery industry owes its origin to Kashmiris. According to the Ludhiana District Gazetteer, during a devastating famine in the 19th century a number of Kashmiris migrated to Ludhiana. They are known world over for their handicraft skills. They started weaving woollen fabric here. Slowly the trade got popular and Ludhiana started to be identified with hosiery only. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  15. ↑ "India Personal Names". www.familysearch.org. Retrieved 4 May 2023.
  16. ↑ "Indian Culture - Naming". Cultural Atlas. Retrieved 4 May 2023.
  17. ↑ "Hoysala Karnataka Brahmins", Wikipedia, 15 May 2023, retrieved 30 May 2023

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