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{{Infobox settlement | {{Infobox settlement | ||
| name = Dimapur | | name = Dimapur | ||
| settlement_type = [[City]] and [[ | | settlement_type = [[City]] and [[municipality]] | ||
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage | | image_skyline = {{Photomontage | ||
| photo1a = Dimapur | | photo1a = Dimapur City Tower Junction.jpg | ||
| | | photo2a = Rain soaked street of Dimapur.jpeg | ||
| photo2b = Dimapur Approach.jpg | |||
| photo3a = Kachari Ruins (a piece of history waiting to be explored).jpg | |||
| size = 270 | | size = 270 | ||
| spacing = 2 | | spacing = 2 | ||
| Line 14: | Line 16: | ||
| color = #F2F2F2 | | color = #F2F2F2 | ||
}} | }} | ||
| image_caption = | | image_caption = <div style="background:#FADA5E;"> '''From Top {{small|(Clockwise)}}:'''<br/>City Tower Junction; Aerial view of Dimapur;<br />[[Ruins of Kachari Rajbari]];<br />Dimapur Street | ||
| nickname = | | nickname = | ||
| map_caption | | image_map1 = | ||
| pushpin_map | {{maplink|frame=yes|frame-width=250|frame-align=center|plain=yes|type=shape|stroke-width=8|stroke-color=#000000|zoom=12|frame-lat=25.91|frame-long=93.74}} | ||
| pushpin_map_alt | | map_alt = | ||
| pushpin_map_caption | | map_caption = | ||
| coordinates | | pushpin_map = India Nagaland#India#Asia#Earth | ||
| pushpin_label_position = left | |||
| pushpin_map_alt = | |||
| pushpin_map_caption = Location of Dimapur in Nagaland | |||
| coordinates = {{coord|25.92|N|93.73|E|display=inline,title}} | |||
| subdivision_type = Country | | subdivision_type = Country | ||
| subdivision_name = {{flagicon|India}} [[India]] | | subdivision_name = {{flagicon|India}} [[India]] | ||
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]] | | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]] | ||
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]] | | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]] | ||
| subdivision_name1 = | | subdivision_name1 = [[Nagaland]] | ||
| subdivision_name2 = [[Dimapur district|Dimapur]] | | subdivision_name2 = [[Dimapur district|Dimapur]] | ||
| established_title = <!-- Established --> | | established_title = <!-- Established --> | ||
| Line 31: | Line 37: | ||
| founder = | | founder = | ||
| named_for = | | named_for = | ||
| government_type = | | government_type = [[Municipality]] | ||
| governing_body = | | governing_body = Dimapur Municipal Council | ||
| leader_title = | | leader_title = Administrator | ||
| leader_name = | | leader_name = Albert Ezüng | ||
| area_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|title=Dimapur City|url=https://dmc.nagaland.gov.in/dmc-administration/dimapur-city-at-a-glance/}}</ref> | | area_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|title=Dimapur City|url=https://dmc.nagaland.gov.in/dmc-administration/dimapur-city-at-a-glance/}}</ref> | ||
| area_total_km2 = 18.13 | | area_total_km2 = 18.13 | ||
| area_metro_footnotes = <ref>{{cite news|title=Dimapur Info|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/thesundaystandard/2016/sep/18/Assam-mp-wants-Dimapur-from-Nagaland-1521358.amp}}</ref> | | area_metro_footnotes = <ref>{{cite news|title=Dimapur Info|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/thesundaystandard/2016/sep/18/Assam-mp-wants-Dimapur-from-Nagaland-1521358.amp}}</ref> | ||
| area_metro_km2 = | | area_metro_km2 = 70 | ||
| area_rank = | | area_rank = | ||
| elevation_footnotes = | | elevation_footnotes = | ||
| elevation_m = 145 | | elevation_m = 145 | ||
| population = 122,834 | |||
| population_footnotes = <ref name="2011census"/> | | population_footnotes = <ref name="2011census"/> | ||
| population_density_km2 = | | population_density_km2 = | ||
| population_rank = 1st in [[Nagaland]] | | population_rank = 1st in [[Nagaland]] | ||
| population_demonym = | | population_demonym = | ||
| demographics_type1 = Languages | | demographics_type1 = Languages | ||
| demographics1_title1 = Official | | demographics1_title1 = Official | ||
| demographics1_info1 = [[English language|English]] | |||
| demographics1_title2 = Major languages | |||
| demographics1_info2 = {{Flatlist| | |||
* [[Angami language|Angami]] | |||
* [[Ao language|Ao]] | |||
* [[Chakhesang language|Chakhesang]] | |||
* [[Lotha language|Lotha]] | |||
* [[Sümi language|Sümi]] | |||
}} | |||
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | ||
| utc_offset1 = +5:30 | | utc_offset1 = +5:30 | ||
| area_code = 91 - (0) 03862 | | area_code = 91 - (0) 03862 | ||
| area_code_type = Telephone code | | area_code_type = Telephone code | ||
| registration_plate = | | registration_plate = NL-07 | ||
| website = {{URL|dimapur.nic.in}} | | website = {{URL|dimapur.nic.in}} | ||
| footnotes = | | footnotes = | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Dimapur''' is | '''Dimapur''' ({{IPAc-en|d|i|m|ə|ˈ|p|ʊər}}) is the largest [[city]] and [[municipality]] in the Indian state of [[Nagaland]]. As of 2011, the municipality had a population of 122,834. The city is the main gateway and commercial centre of Nagaland. Located near the border with [[Assam]] along the banks of the [[Dhansiri River]]. Its [[Dimapur railway station|main railway station]] is the second busiest station in [[Northeast India]]. | ||
Located near the border with [[Assam]] along the banks of the [[Dhansiri River]] | |||
==Etymology== | ==Etymology== | ||
The name Dimapur is derived from the [[Dimasa language| | The name Dimapur is derived from the [[Dimasa language|Dimasa]] words; ''Di'' means "water", ''ma'' means "large" and ''pur'' means "city", translating to ''Big-river-city'', associated with the meaning of "Kachari" which is "people of the river valley" and after the river which flows through it (Dhansiri).{{citation needed|date= September 2022}} | ||
There are two accounts of the way in which Dimapur got its name : many writers are of the opinion that the name 'Dimapur' was derived from Dimasa Kachari words Di-meaning water, Ma-meaning big and Pur-meaning city or township in the Dimasa dialect; while others contend that Dimapur is a corruption of Hidimbapur, meaning the city of [[Hidimbi]] (of Mahabharata fame) - the [[rakshasi]]-turned-woman whose marriage to the [[Pandava]] prince [[Bhima]] led to the birth of [[Ghatotkacha]], | There are two accounts of the way in which Dimapur got its name: many writers are of the opinion that the name 'Dimapur' was derived from Dimasa Kachari words ''Di''-meaning water, ''Ma''-meaning big and ''Pur''-meaning city or township in the Dimasa dialect; while others contend that Dimapur is a corruption of ''Hidimbapur'', meaning the city of ''[[Hidimbi]]'' (of [[Mahabharata]] fame) - the ''[[rakshasi]]''-turned-woman whose marriage to the [[Pandava]] prince [[Bhima]] led to the birth of [[Ghatotkacha]], which was the Hindu lineage created for Dimasa rulers by the [[Brahmin]] pandits at Khaspur.{{sfn|Bathari|2014|pp=17-18}} According to the second theory, the name ''Hidimbapur'' is conjectured to have been abbreviated to ''Dimbapur'' and subsequently to have lost a consonant to become Dimapur. It is to be noted that Dimasa Kachari Kingdom at point of time was known as the "Heramba Kingdom".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sahapedia.org/the-dimasa-kacharis-of-cachar-district-overview|title = The Dimasa Kacharis of Cachar District: An Overview}}</ref> In the [[Ahom people|Ahom]] [[Buranji]]s, Dimapur is referred to sometimes as ''Che-din-chi-pen'' (town-earth-burn-make) meaning "Brick-town" and its rulers as ''khun timisa''<ref>{{harvcol|Ramirez|2007|p=93}}</ref> (distorted word for Dimasa).<ref name=donboscodimapur>{{cite web |title=SALESIAN PROVINCE OF DIMAPUR |url=http://www.donboscodimapur.org/history/ |publisher=donboscodimapur.org |access-date=18 February 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140324102418/http://www.donboscodimapur.org/history/ |archive-date=24 March 2014 }}</ref> | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
In the 13th century | Situated on the banks of the [[Dhansiri River|Dhansiri]] (originally known as ''Dong-siri'' meaning a ravine of peaceful habitation), Dimapur was described as the 'Brick City' by the European scholars and by the [[Ahom kingdom|Ahoms]].{{citation needed|date= September 2022}} | ||
===Medieval period=== | |||
In the 13th century, the city was the capital of the [[Dimasa Kingdom]], which was once a powerful and predominant state in the now [[North East India]] (Brahmaputra or Dilao Valley).<ref> District Dimapur, [https://dimapur.nic.in/history/ History], dimapur.nic.in, India, retrieved February 12, 2021</ref> In the heart of the city there is an old relic of the Dimasa Kachari Kingdom which speaks about the once prosperous era.<ref>{{harvcol|Shin|2020|p=63}}</ref> | |||
The city of Dimapur is said to have been founded by a Kachari king Mahamanipha (1330-1370) and it remained as the capital of the Kacharis until it was captured by the [[Ahom kingdom|Ahom]] ruler [[Suhungmung]] in 1526 A.D.<ref>"This city is probably the one mentioned in the Ahom Buranji, which records that Ahom king Suhungmung (alias Dihingia Rāja) and his son reached the city by ascending the river Timā (Dima or Dhansiri) in 1526 when the Ahoms attacked Dimapur."{{harvcol|Shin|2020|p=63}}</ref> | |||
The ruins of Dimasa Kingdom in Dimapur include a brick wall of the length of nearly 2 miles and 2 tanks about 300 yards square, are indicative of a city of considerable size.<ref>"However, no clear trace of temples and images in the Dimapur ruins raises doubt about the scale and intensity of Brahmanisation in the early history of the Dimasas. The ruins of Dimapur, which include a brick wall of the aggregate length of nearly 2 miles and 2 tanks about 300 yards square, are indicative of a city of considerable size." {{harvcol|Shin|2020|p=63}}</ref> | |||
=== | === 20th century === | ||
During [[World War II]], Dimapur was the centre of action between [[British India]] and Imperial [[Japan]]. It was the staging post for the Allied offensive. The Japanese could reach [[Kohima]] where a siege was laid. Allied reinforcement came through Dimapur by rail and road for the push against the Japanese. An airport at Dimapur was also in use for supplies to the allied forces in Burma. The battle for Kohima about 77 km from Dimapur is considered the turning point for the Japanese retreat from South East Asia. | ==== World War II ==== | ||
During [[World War II]], Dimapur was the centre of action between [[British India]] and Imperial [[Japan]]. It was the staging post for the Allied offensive. The Japanese could reach [[Kohima]] where a siege was laid. Allied reinforcement came through Dimapur by rail and road for the push against the Japanese. An airport at Dimapur was also in use for supplies to the allied forces in [[Myanmar|Burma]]. The [[Battle of Kohima|battle for Kohima]] about 77 km from Dimapur is considered the turning point for the Japanese retreat from [[South East Asia]].{{citation needed|date= September 2022}} | |||
=== Assam lease Dimapur to Nagaland === | ==== Assam lease Dimapur to Nagaland ==== | ||
In 1918, Dimapur was leased to then [[Naga Hills District, British India|Naga Hills | In 1918, Dimapur was leased to then [[Naga Hills District, British India|Naga Hills District]] (Now [[Nagaland]]) by then erstwhile [[Assam Province]] of [[British Raj|British of India]] for 30 years for construction of Railways lines (unclear from which district).<ref> NP, [https://nagalandpage.com/return-dimapur-to-assam-demand-grows/ Return Dimapur To Assam Demand Grows], nagalandpage.com, India, July 18, 2018</ref> In 1963, it was again leased to now state of [[Nagaland]] for 99 years.<ref> EMN, [https://easternmirrornagaland.com/assam-politician-wants-dimapur-and-merapani-from-nagaland/ Assam politician wants Dimapur and Merapani from Nagaland], easternmirrornagaland.com, India, September 19, 2016 </ref> There is controversy surrounding this claim, as both state governments have not come forward to comment on the matter.<ref>Nagaland Post, [http://www.nagalandpost.com/paying-the-price-of-silence/181641.html Paying the Price of Silence] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122034850/http://www.nagalandpost.com/paying-the-price-of-silence/181641.html |date=22 January 2021 }}, nagalandpost.com, India, September 15, 2018</ref> | ||
=== | === 21st century === | ||
==== 2004 Dimapur bombings ==== | |||
{{main|2004 Dimapur bombings}} | |||
On 2 October 2004, two powerful bombs were set off—one at the [[Dimapur railway station|Dimapur Railway Station]] and the other at the Hong Kong Market killing 30 and injuring over 100 others.<ref>{{cite web|last=Vinayak|first=G|url=https://m.rediff.com/news/2004/oct/02naga.htm|title=At least 30 killed in Nagaland blast|website=[[Rediff.com]]|date=2 October 2004|access-date=22 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2004/10/3/india-reels-after-deadly-blasts|title=India reels after deadly blasts|website=[[Al Jazeera]]|date=3 October 2004|access-date=22 August 2022}}</ref> | |||
== Geography == | == Geography == | ||
Dimapur is located in the southwest of Nagaland. The vast majority of this area is flat with the [[Dhansiri River]], a tributary of the [[Brahmaputra River]] flowing east of the city. | Dimapur is located in the southwest of Nagaland. The vast majority of this area is flat with the [[Dhansiri River]], a tributary of the [[Brahmaputra River]] flowing east of the city.{{citation needed|date= September 2022}} | ||
===Climate=== | ===Climate=== | ||
| Line 94: | Line 112: | ||
|metric first= yes | |metric first= yes | ||
|single line= yes | |single line= yes | ||
|Jan high C= | |Jan high C= 21.3 | ||
|Feb high C= 24. | |Feb high C= 24.0 | ||
|Mar high C= | |Mar high C= 27.5 | ||
|Apr high C= | |Apr high C= 28.5 | ||
|May high C= 29. | |May high C= 29.2 | ||
|Jun high C= | |Jun high C= 29.7 | ||
|Jul high C= | |Jul high C= 29.5 | ||
|Aug high C= | |Aug high C= 29.4 | ||
|Sep high C= | |Sep high C= 28.9 | ||
|Oct high C= | |Oct high C= 27.3 | ||
|Nov high C= | |Nov high C= 24.8 | ||
|Dec high C= | |Dec high C= 22.0 | ||
|Jan low C= | |||
|Feb low C= | |Jan low C= 10.6 | ||
|Mar low C= | |Feb low C= 12.6 | ||
|Apr low C= | |Mar low C= 15.6 | ||
|May low C= 21. | |Apr low C= 18.7 | ||
|Jun low C= 22. | |May low C= 21.4 | ||
|Jul low C= | |Jun low C= 22.9 | ||
|Aug low C= 24. | |Jul low C= 24.3 | ||
|Sep low C= | |Aug low C= 24.1 | ||
|Oct low C= | |Sep low C= 23.1 | ||
|Nov low C= | |Oct low C= 20.0 | ||
|Dec low C= | |Nov low C= 15.5 | ||
| | |Dec low C= 12.0 | ||
|precipitation colour = green | |||
| Jan precipitation mm =24 | |||
| Feb precipitation mm =45 | |||
| Mar precipitation mm =96 | |||
| Apr precipitation mm =214 | |||
| May precipitation mm =241 | |||
| Jun precipitation mm =259 | |||
| Jul precipitation mm =247 | |||
| Aug precipitation mm =239 | |||
| Sep precipitation mm =199 | |||
| Oct precipitation mm =105 | |||
| Nov precipitation mm =26 | |||
| Dec precipitation mm =15 | |||
| Jan rain days =4 | |||
| Feb rain days =5 | |||
| Mar rain days =7 | |||
| Apr rain days =12 | |||
| May rain days =17 | |||
| Jun rain days =17 | |||
| Jul rain days =17 | |||
| Aug rain days =18 | |||
| Sep rain days =16 | |||
| Oct rain days =10 | |||
| Nov rain days =3 | |||
| Dec rain days =2 | |||
| Jan humidity =78 | |||
| Feb humidity =72 | |||
| Mar humidity =66 | |||
| Apr humidity =76 | |||
| May humidity =82 | |||
| Jun humidity =84 | |||
| Jul humidity =85 | |||
| Aug humidity =85 | |||
| Sep humidity =86 | |||
| Oct humidity =85 | |||
| Nov humidity =81 | |||
| Dec humidity =80 | |||
|source =<ref>[[https://en.climate-data.org/asia/india/nagaland/dimapur-24641/]]Climate data</ref> | |||
}} | }} | ||
==Demographics== | ==Demographics== | ||
According to the 2011 census, the city-population of the old Town Committee area (up to the old dhansiri bridge) at 122,834. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Dimapur has an average literacy rate of 86% male literacy is 88% and, female literacy is 84%.<ref name="2011census">{{cite web|title=Dimapur City Population Census 2011 {{!}} Nagaland|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/183-dimapur.html|website=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref> In Dimapur, 12% of the population is under 6 years of age. | |||
Unlike other places in the state, this city has a heterogeneous mix of people from all over India, and for which it is also known as "Mini India". | Unlike other places in the state, this city has a heterogeneous mix of people from all over India, and for which it is also known as "Mini India".{{citation needed|date= September 2022}} | ||
Besides the dominant [[Naga people|Naga]] ethnic groups, who comprise about 50% of the city's population, other prominent groups include [[Bengali people|Bengalis]], [[Assamese people|Assamese]], [[Oriya people|Oriyas]], [[Nepalis|Nepalese]], [[Bihari people|Biharis]], [[Meitei people|Meiteis]], [[Marwar]]is, [[Punjabi people|Punjabis]] and also [[Tamil people|Tamils]], [[Telugus]] and [[Kerala|Keralites]]. In the last two decades [[Tibetan people|Tibetan]] traders have also settled in the city.{{citation needed|date= September 2022}} | |||
===Religion=== | |||
{{Pie chart | {{Pie chart | ||
|thumb = right | |thumb = right | ||
|caption = | |caption = Religion in Dimapur City (2011)<ref name="Dimapur City Religious Population">{{cite web|title=Dimapur City religious population|url=https://www.censusindia2011.com/nagaland/dimapur/dimapur-sadar/dimapur-mc-population.html|work=Census India 2011|accessdate=4 September 2022}}</ref> | ||
|label1 = [[ | |label1 = [[Christianity]] | ||
|value1 = | |value1 = 45.11 | ||
|color1 = | |color1 = Blue | ||
|label2 = [[ | |label2 = [[Hinduism]] | ||
|value2 = | |value2 = 41.11 | ||
|color2 = | |color2 = DarkOrange | ||
|label3 = [[ | |label3 = [[Islam]] | ||
|value3 = 11. | |value3 = 11.21 | ||
|color3 = | |color3 = Green | ||
|label4 = [[ | |label4 = [[Jainism]] | ||
|value4 = | |value4 = 1.73 | ||
|color4 = | |color4 = Brown | ||
|label5 = [[ | |label5 = [[Buddhism]] | ||
|value5 = | |value5 = 0.48 | ||
|color5 = | |color5 = Gold | ||
|label6 = [[ | |label6 = [[Sikhism]] | ||
|value6 = | |value6 = 0.19 | ||
|color6 = | |color6 = DarkKhaki | ||
|label7 = Others | |label7 = Others | ||
|value7 = 0. | |value7 = 0.03 | ||
|color7 = | |color7 = Grey | ||
|label8 = Not Stated | |||
|value8 = 0.16 | |||
|color8 = Black | |||
}} | }} | ||
[[Christianity]] is the most followed religion in the city making up 45.10% of the city's population, closely followed by [[Hinduism]] at 41.11%. | [[Christianity]] is the most followed religion in the city making up 45.10% of the city's population, closely followed by [[Hinduism]] at 41.11%. | ||
[[Islam]] is followed by 11.21%, [[Jainism]] by 1.73%, Buddhist by 0.48% and Sikhs by 0.19% respectively.<ref name="2011census"/> | [[Islam]] is followed by 11.21%, [[Jainism]] by 1.73%, Buddhist by 0.48% and Sikhs by 0.19% respectively.<ref name="2011census"/> | ||
| Line 159: | Line 220: | ||
===Religious and historical sites=== | ===Religious and historical sites=== | ||
*'''Ruins of Kachari Rajbari''' | *'''Ruins of Kachari Rajbari''' | ||
[[File:Kachari Ruins (a piece of history waiting to be explored).jpg| | {{main|Ruins of Kachari Rajbari}} | ||
Although is left in ruins after centuries of abandonment, after facing conflict with the Ahom King in 18th century and with the settlement of township occupying almost half of its former glorious fortress, is still a national heritage site. It signifies great historical importance for the region of North-East. It also gives great value to the state of Nagaland. | [[File:Kachari Ruins (a piece of history waiting to be explored).jpg|center|thumb|Kachari Rajbari Ruins]] | ||
Although is left in ruins after centuries of abandonment, after facing conflict with the Ahom King in 18th century and with the settlement of township occupying almost half of its former glorious fortress, is still a national heritage site. It signifies great historical importance for the region of North-East. It also gives great value to the state of Nagaland.{{citation needed|date= September 2022}} | |||
*'''Dimapur City Tower''' | |||
The Dimapur City Tower is a major landmark of the city. It is located at Circular Road in the heart of Dimapur. Also known as the Clock Tower, the tower is decorated with [[Christmas Lights]] during the [[Christmas]] season.{{citation needed|date= September 2022}} | |||
* '''Dimapur Jain Temple''' | *'''Dimapur Jain Temple''' | ||
{{main|Dimapur Jain Temple}} | {{main|Dimapur Jain Temple}} | ||
The Dimapur Jain Temple was built in 1947. The temple has some intricate glass work. The temple is considered very auspicious by the people of Dimapur. The temple was built by the tireless effort of Shri | The Dimapur Jain Temple was built in 1947. The temple has some intricate glass work. The temple is considered very auspicious by the people of Dimapur. The temple was built by the tireless effort of Shri Jethmal Sethi, Shri Phulchand Sethi, Shri Udayram Chabra, Shri Chunnilal Kishanlal Sethi, Shri Kanhaiyal Sethi, Shri Mangilal Chabra, Motilal Patni, Subhkaran Sethi and other Jain families present in Dimapur at that time.{{citation needed|date= September 2022}} | ||
===Parks and other highlights=== | ===Parks and other highlights=== | ||
Dimapur has several places where tourist can visit such as | Dimapur has several places where tourist can visit such as Nagaland Science Center, Stone Park, Hazi Park, Shiv Mandir and [[Dimapur Kalibari|Kali Temple]].<ref name=holidayiq>{{cite web|title=Dimapur Places to Visit|url=http://www.holidayiq.com/Dimapur-Sightseeing-1066.html|publisher=holidayiq.com|access-date=18 February 2014}}</ref> The [[Nagaland Zoological Park]], [[Green Park (Chümoukedima)|Green Park]], [[Niathu Resort]], [[Noune Resort]], The Triple Falls, Nagaland Science Centre, Aqua Mellow Park and Agri Expo site in the neighbouring [[Chümoukedima district|Chümoukedima District]] can be easily accessible from Dimapur. | ||
==Transportation== | ==Transportation== | ||
===Airport=== | |||
{{main|Dimapur Airport}} | |||
[[file:Dimapur Airport in 2011.jpg|thumb|Dimapur Airport]] | |||
Dimapur is served by the [[Dimapur Airport]] located at 3rd Mile (AH1), [[Chümoukedima district|Chümoukedima District]]. It is the only civil airport in the state and operates routes to [[Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport|Kolkata]], | |||
[[Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport|Guwahati]], [[Imphal Airport|Imphal]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://centreforaviation.com/news/alliance-air-confirms-plans-to-commence-guwahati-dimapur-imphal-service-in-dec-2019-959869|title=Alliance Air confirms plans to commence Guwahati-Dimapur-Imphal service in Dec-2019|work=CAPA|access-date=4 December 2019}}</ref> and [[Dibrugarh Airport|Dibrugarh]]. | |||
There are plans for expansion of the airport to meet international norms by buying land at Aoyimti village.{{citation needed|date= September 2022}} | |||
===Roadways=== | ===Roadways=== | ||
====Highways passing through Dimapur==== | ====Highways passing through Dimapur==== | ||
* [[File:Tabliczka AH1.svg|30px]] [[Asian Highway 1]] | * [[File:Tabliczka AH1.svg|30px]] [[Asian Highway 1]] | ||
| Line 178: | Line 251: | ||
* {{jct|country=IND|NH|129}}: [[National Highway 129 (India)]] | * {{jct|country=IND|NH|129}}: [[National Highway 129 (India)]] | ||
*{{jct|country=IND|NH|129A}}: [[National Highway 129A (India)]] | *{{jct|country=IND|NH|129A}}: [[National Highway 129A (India)]] | ||
===Railway=== | ===Railway=== | ||
{{main|Dimapur | {{main|Dimapur railway station}} | ||
Dimapur | Dimapur has direct train services to cities like [[Guwahati]], [[Kolkata]], [[Patna]], [[New Delhi]], [[Bangalore]], [[Chandigarh]], [[Amritsar]], [[Dibrugarh]] and [[Chennai]] from the [[Dimapur railway station]]. The station is categorised as an A category railway station which lies on the [[Lumding-Dibrugarh section]] under the [[Lumding railway division]] of [[Northeast Frontier Railway]]. | ||
==Sports== | ==Sports== | ||
The [[Nagaland | The Dimapur District Sports Council Stadium is multi-purpose sports stadium in the city while the [[Nagaland State Stadium]] is another multi-disciplinary sports stadium currently under construction.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nagasconnect.com/editors-picks/14524/state-stadium-dimapur-why-is-it-taking-so-long-to-complete/amp|date=May 10, 2020|title=State Stadium Dimapur – Why is it taking so long to complete?|website=Nagas Connect|access-date=December 22, 2021}}</ref> | ||
==Economy== | ==Economy== | ||
[[file:Dimapur Town.jpeg|thumb|Market Area, Dimapur]] | [[file:Dimapur Town.jpeg|thumb|Market Area, Dimapur]] | ||
Dimapur is the commercial centre of Nagaland. It also acts as a transit hub for trading goods brought in from trains at [[Dimapur railway station]] and by road via [[National Highway 29 (India)|National Highway 29]] to other parts of [[Nagaland]]. Many private and central banks are also located in the city. Some major hotels are Hotel Acacia (3-star hotel), Hotel Saramati, Hotel Lake Shiloi among many others.{{citation needed|date= September 2022}} | |||
===Commerce=== | ===Commerce=== | ||
A number of shopping centers and markets have sprung up in Dimapur, with the | A number of shopping centers and markets have sprung up in Dimapur, with the HongKong Market, Central Plaza, New Market, Bank colony (Super Market Area) and Circular and NL roads serving as the main commercial areas in the city. The Complexes and shopping centres have sprung up to Notun Bosti.{{citation needed|date= September 2022}} | ||
The stretch from Purana Bazaar to [[Chümoukedima]] along the AH-1 is also rapidly developing into commercial areas. | The stretch from Purana Bazaar to [[Chümoukedima]] along the AH-1 is also rapidly developing into commercial areas.{{citation needed|date= September 2022}} | ||
The city's Hong Kong Market is well known for imported goods from Thailand, China, and Burma and is the main Shopping Attraction for Tourists visiting Nagaland. The wholesale foodgrain items are available at KL Sethi Market Complex, Jasokie Market etc. at | The city's Hong Kong Market is well known for imported goods from Thailand, China, and Burma and is the main Shopping Attraction for Tourists visiting Nagaland. The wholesale foodgrain items are available at KL Sethi Market Complex, Jasokie Market, etc. at GS Road, Dimapur.{{citation needed|date= September 2022}} | ||
The Agro & Food Processing Special Economic Zone (AFSEZ) at Ganeshnagar under [[Dimapur district|Dimapur District]] in Nagaland is one of the few exclusive Agro Food Products SEZ in India. It is developed by state-run Nagaland Industrial Development Corporation Limited.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nagaland Industrial Development Corporation Ltd. (NIDC), Dimapur |url=https://industry.nagaland.gov.in/nagaland-industrial-development-corporation-ltd-nidc-dimapur/ |website=Department of Industries & Commerce : Nagaland}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Special Economic Zones |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1779402 |website=www.pib.gov.in}}</ref> | |||
The Nagaland | |||
==Education== | ==Education== | ||
[[ | {{unreferenced section|date= September 2022}} | ||
===Colleges=== | |||
*[[Dimapur Government College]] | |||
*[[Public College of Commerce]] | |||
*[[Salesian College of Higher Education]] | |||
*[[Sakus Mission College]] | |||
*[[Trinity Theological College, Dimapur|Trinity Theological College]] | |||
*[[Unity College, Dimapur|Unity College]] | |||
*Pranabananda Women's College | |||
*Cornerstone College | |||
*Ngullie Memorial College | |||
*School of Engineering & Technology, Nagaland University | |||
*[[Yemhi Memorial College]] | |||
*[[St. John College]] | |||
=== | ===Schools=== | ||
*[[ | *Assembly Of God Higher Secondary School | ||
*[[ | *[[Don Bosco Higher Secondary School, Dimapur|Don Bosco Higher Secondary School]] | ||
*[[ | *Greenwood School | ||
*[[ | *Holy Cross School | ||
*[[ | *Little Star Higher Secondary School | ||
* [[ | *Living Stone Foundation Higher Secondary School | ||
*[[N. N. Nagi School]] | |||
*Pranab Vidyapith Higher Secondary School | |||
*St. John Higher Secondary Residential School | |||
*King David School, Kushiabill | |||
== Notable people == | |||
* [[Kevichüsa Angami]] (1903–1990), Politician | |||
* [[Zhokhoi Chüzho]], Actor | |||
* [[Zuboni Hümtsoe]] (1990–2017), Entrepreneur | |||
* [[Chalie Kevichüsa]] (1943–1992), Journalist | |||
* [[Razhukhrielie Kevichüsa]] (1941–2022), Bureaucrat and Musician | |||
* [[Tubu Kevichüsa]] (1948–1996), Nationalist Leader | |||
* [[Alobo Naga]], Musician | |||
* [[Phulchand Sethi]] (1911–1976), Businessperson | |||
* [[Kihoto Hollohon|Kihoto Hollohon Yepthomi]] (1932–2021), Politician | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
* [[Chümoukedima]] | * [[Chümoukedima]] | ||
==Notes== | |||
{{reflist}} | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{ | {{refbegin}} | ||
* {{citation |last=Ramirez |first=Philippe |year=2007 |chapter=Politico-ritual variations on the Assamese fringes: Do social systems exist? |pages=91–107 |title=Social Dynamics in the Highlands of Southeast Asia Reconsidering Political Systems of Highland Burma |editor-first=Mandy |editor-last=Sadan |editor-first2=François |editor-last2=Robinne. |place=Boston |publisher=Brill}} | |||
* {{cite thesis |type=Ph.D. |first=Uttam |last=Bathari |title=Memory History and polity a study of dimasa identity in colonial past and post colonial present |publisher=Gauhati University |year=2014|hdl=10603/115353 }} | |||
* {{cite journal|last1=Shin|first1=Jae-Eun|year=2020|title=Descending from demons, ascending to kshatriyas: Genealogical claims and political process in pre-modern Northeast India, The Chutiyas and the Dimasas|journal=The Indian Economic and Social History Review|volume=57|issue=1|pages=49–75|doi=10.1177/0019464619894134|s2cid=213213265}} | |||
{{refend}} | |||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050705075208/http://dimapur.nic.in/files/profile.htm Official district link] | * [https://web.archive.org/web/20050705075208/http://dimapur.nic.in/files/profile.htm Official district link] | ||
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090127012521/http://www.mydimapur.com/ My Dimapur, city portal] | * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090127012521/http://www.mydimapur.com/ My Dimapur, city portal] | ||
Revision as of 06:02, 22 July 2023
Dimapur | |
|---|---|
City and municipality | |
From Top (Clockwise): City Tower Junction; Aerial view of Dimapur; Ruins of Kachari Rajbari; Dimapur Street | |
  Dimapur Location of Dimapur in Nagaland  Dimapur Dimapur (India)  Dimapur Dimapur (Asia) .svg) Dimapur Dimapur (Earth) | |
| Coordinates: 25°55′N 93°44′E / 25.92°N 93.73°E | |
| Country |  India |
| State | Nagaland |
| District | Dimapur |
| Government | |
| • Type | Municipality |
| • Body | Dimapur Municipal Council |
| • Administrator | Albert Ezüng |
| Area | |
| • City and municipality | 18.13 km2 (7.00 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 70 km2 (30 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 145 m (476 ft) |
| Population | 122,834 |
| • Rank | 1st in Nagaland |
| Languages | |
| • Official | English |
| • Major languages | |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| Telephone code | 91 - (0) 03862 |
| Vehicle registration | NL-07 |
| Website | dimapur |
Dimapur (/diməˈpʊər/) is the largest city and municipality in the Indian state of Nagaland. As of 2011, the municipality had a population of 122,834. The city is the main gateway and commercial centre of Nagaland. Located near the border with Assam along the banks of the Dhansiri River. Its main railway station is the second busiest station in Northeast India.
Etymology
The name Dimapur is derived from the Dimasa words; Di means "water", ma means "large" and pur means "city", translating to Big-river-city, associated with the meaning of "Kachari" which is "people of the river valley" and after the river which flows through it (Dhansiri).[citation needed]
There are two accounts of the way in which Dimapur got its name: many writers are of the opinion that the name 'Dimapur' was derived from Dimasa Kachari words Di-meaning water, Ma-meaning big and Pur-meaning city or township in the Dimasa dialect; while others contend that Dimapur is a corruption of Hidimbapur, meaning the city of Hidimbi (of Mahabharata fame) - the rakshasi-turned-woman whose marriage to the Pandava prince Bhima led to the birth of Ghatotkacha, which was the Hindu lineage created for Dimasa rulers by the Brahmin pandits at Khaspur.[4] According to the second theory, the name Hidimbapur is conjectured to have been abbreviated to Dimbapur and subsequently to have lost a consonant to become Dimapur. It is to be noted that Dimasa Kachari Kingdom at point of time was known as the "Heramba Kingdom".[5] In the Ahom Buranjis, Dimapur is referred to sometimes as Che-din-chi-pen (town-earth-burn-make) meaning "Brick-town" and its rulers as khun timisa[6] (distorted word for Dimasa).[7]
History
Situated on the banks of the Dhansiri (originally known as Dong-siri meaning a ravine of peaceful habitation), Dimapur was described as the 'Brick City' by the European scholars and by the Ahoms.[citation needed]
Medieval period
In the 13th century, the city was the capital of the Dimasa Kingdom, which was once a powerful and predominant state in the now North East India (Brahmaputra or Dilao Valley).[8] In the heart of the city there is an old relic of the Dimasa Kachari Kingdom which speaks about the once prosperous era.[9]
The city of Dimapur is said to have been founded by a Kachari king Mahamanipha (1330-1370) and it remained as the capital of the Kacharis until it was captured by the Ahom ruler Suhungmung in 1526 A.D.[10]
The ruins of Dimasa Kingdom in Dimapur include a brick wall of the length of nearly 2 miles and 2 tanks about 300 yards square, are indicative of a city of considerable size.[11]
20th century
World War II
During World War II, Dimapur was the centre of action between British India and Imperial Japan. It was the staging post for the Allied offensive. The Japanese could reach Kohima where a siege was laid. Allied reinforcement came through Dimapur by rail and road for the push against the Japanese. An airport at Dimapur was also in use for supplies to the allied forces in Burma. The battle for Kohima about 77 km from Dimapur is considered the turning point for the Japanese retreat from South East Asia.[citation needed]
Assam lease Dimapur to Nagaland
In 1918, Dimapur was leased to then Naga Hills District (Now Nagaland) by then erstwhile Assam Province of British of India for 30 years for construction of Railways lines (unclear from which district).[12] In 1963, it was again leased to now state of Nagaland for 99 years.[13] There is controversy surrounding this claim, as both state governments have not come forward to comment on the matter.[14]
21st century
2004 Dimapur bombings
On 2 October 2004, two powerful bombs were set off—one at the Dimapur Railway Station and the other at the Hong Kong Market killing 30 and injuring over 100 others.[15][16]
Geography
Dimapur is located in the southwest of Nagaland. The vast majority of this area is flat with the Dhansiri River, a tributary of the Brahmaputra River flowing east of the city.[citation needed]
Climate
Dimapur is hot and humid in summers and moderately cold in winters.[17]
| Climate data for Dimapur | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 21.3 (70.3) |
24.0 (75.2) |
27.5 (81.5) |
28.5 (83.3) |
29.2 (84.6) |
29.7 (85.5) |
29.5 (85.1) |
29.4 (84.9) |
28.9 (84.0) |
27.3 (81.1) |
24.8 (76.6) |
22.0 (71.6) |
26.8 (80.3) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 10.6 (51.1) |
12.6 (54.7) |
15.6 (60.1) |
18.7 (65.7) |
21.4 (70.5) |
22.9 (73.2) |
24.3 (75.7) |
24.1 (75.4) |
23.1 (73.6) |
20.0 (68.0) |
15.5 (59.9) |
12.0 (53.6) |
18.4 (65.1) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 24 (0.9) |
45 (1.8) |
96 (3.8) |
214 (8.4) |
241 (9.5) |
259 (10.2) |
247 (9.7) |
239 (9.4) |
199 (7.8) |
105 (4.1) |
26 (1.0) |
15 (0.6) |
1,710 (67.2) |
| Average rainy days | 4 | 5 | 7 | 12 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 18 | 16 | 10 | 3 | 2 | 128 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 78 | 72 | 66 | 76 | 82 | 84 | 85 | 85 | 86 | 85 | 81 | 80 | 80 |
| Source: [18] | |||||||||||||
Demographics
According to the 2011 census, the city-population of the old Town Committee area (up to the old dhansiri bridge) at 122,834. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Dimapur has an average literacy rate of 86% male literacy is 88% and, female literacy is 84%.[3] In Dimapur, 12% of the population is under 6 years of age. Unlike other places in the state, this city has a heterogeneous mix of people from all over India, and for which it is also known as "Mini India".[citation needed]
Besides the dominant Naga ethnic groups, who comprise about 50% of the city's population, other prominent groups include Bengalis, Assamese, Oriyas, Nepalese, Biharis, Meiteis, Marwaris, Punjabis and also Tamils, Telugus and Keralites. In the last two decades Tibetan traders have also settled in the city.[citation needed]
Religion
Christianity is the most followed religion in the city making up 45.10% of the city's population, closely followed by Hinduism at 41.11%. Islam is followed by 11.21%, Jainism by 1.73%, Buddhist by 0.48% and Sikhs by 0.19% respectively.[3]
Tourism
Religious and historical sites
- Ruins of Kachari Rajbari
.jpg)
Although is left in ruins after centuries of abandonment, after facing conflict with the Ahom King in 18th century and with the settlement of township occupying almost half of its former glorious fortress, is still a national heritage site. It signifies great historical importance for the region of North-East. It also gives great value to the state of Nagaland.[citation needed]
- Dimapur City Tower
The Dimapur City Tower is a major landmark of the city. It is located at Circular Road in the heart of Dimapur. Also known as the Clock Tower, the tower is decorated with Christmas Lights during the Christmas season.[citation needed]
- Dimapur Jain Temple
The Dimapur Jain Temple was built in 1947. The temple has some intricate glass work. The temple is considered very auspicious by the people of Dimapur. The temple was built by the tireless effort of Shri Jethmal Sethi, Shri Phulchand Sethi, Shri Udayram Chabra, Shri Chunnilal Kishanlal Sethi, Shri Kanhaiyal Sethi, Shri Mangilal Chabra, Motilal Patni, Subhkaran Sethi and other Jain families present in Dimapur at that time.[citation needed]
Parks and other highlights
Dimapur has several places where tourist can visit such as Nagaland Science Center, Stone Park, Hazi Park, Shiv Mandir and Kali Temple.[20] The Nagaland Zoological Park, Green Park, Niathu Resort, Noune Resort, The Triple Falls, Nagaland Science Centre, Aqua Mellow Park and Agri Expo site in the neighbouring Chümoukedima District can be easily accessible from Dimapur.
Transportation
Airport
Dimapur is served by the Dimapur Airport located at 3rd Mile (AH1), Chümoukedima District. It is the only civil airport in the state and operates routes to Kolkata, Guwahati, Imphal,[21] and Dibrugarh.
There are plans for expansion of the airport to meet international norms by buying land at Aoyimti village.[citation needed]
Roadways
Highways passing through Dimapur
Asian Highway 1
Asian Highway 2
NH 29: National Highway 29 (India)
NH 129: National Highway 129 (India)
NH 129A: National Highway 129A (India)
Railway
Dimapur has direct train services to cities like Guwahati, Kolkata, Patna, New Delhi, Bangalore, Chandigarh, Amritsar, Dibrugarh and Chennai from the Dimapur railway station. The station is categorised as an A category railway station which lies on the Lumding-Dibrugarh section under the Lumding railway division of Northeast Frontier Railway.
Sports
The Dimapur District Sports Council Stadium is multi-purpose sports stadium in the city while the Nagaland State Stadium is another multi-disciplinary sports stadium currently under construction.[22]
Economy
Dimapur is the commercial centre of Nagaland. It also acts as a transit hub for trading goods brought in from trains at Dimapur railway station and by road via National Highway 29 to other parts of Nagaland. Many private and central banks are also located in the city. Some major hotels are Hotel Acacia (3-star hotel), Hotel Saramati, Hotel Lake Shiloi among many others.[citation needed]
Commerce
A number of shopping centers and markets have sprung up in Dimapur, with the HongKong Market, Central Plaza, New Market, Bank colony (Super Market Area) and Circular and NL roads serving as the main commercial areas in the city. The Complexes and shopping centres have sprung up to Notun Bosti.[citation needed]
The stretch from Purana Bazaar to Chümoukedima along the AH-1 is also rapidly developing into commercial areas.[citation needed]
The city's Hong Kong Market is well known for imported goods from Thailand, China, and Burma and is the main Shopping Attraction for Tourists visiting Nagaland. The wholesale foodgrain items are available at KL Sethi Market Complex, Jasokie Market, etc. at GS Road, Dimapur.[citation needed]
The Agro & Food Processing Special Economic Zone (AFSEZ) at Ganeshnagar under Dimapur District in Nagaland is one of the few exclusive Agro Food Products SEZ in India. It is developed by state-run Nagaland Industrial Development Corporation Limited.[23][24]
Education
 | This section does not cite any sources. (September 2022) |
Colleges
- Dimapur Government College
- Public College of Commerce
- Salesian College of Higher Education
- Sakus Mission College
- Trinity Theological College
- Unity College
- Pranabananda Women's College
- Cornerstone College
- Ngullie Memorial College
- School of Engineering & Technology, Nagaland University
- Yemhi Memorial College
- St. John College
Schools
- Assembly Of God Higher Secondary School
- Don Bosco Higher Secondary School
- Greenwood School
- Holy Cross School
- Little Star Higher Secondary School
- Living Stone Foundation Higher Secondary School
- N. N. Nagi School
- Pranab Vidyapith Higher Secondary School
- St. John Higher Secondary Residential School
- King David School, Kushiabill
Notable people
- Kevichüsa Angami (1903–1990), Politician
- Zhokhoi Chüzho, Actor
- Zuboni Hümtsoe (1990–2017), Entrepreneur
- Chalie Kevichüsa (1943–1992), Journalist
- Razhukhrielie Kevichüsa (1941–2022), Bureaucrat and Musician
- Tubu Kevichüsa (1948–1996), Nationalist Leader
- Alobo Naga, Musician
- Phulchand Sethi (1911–1976), Businessperson
- Kihoto Hollohon Yepthomi (1932–2021), Politician
See also
Notes
- ↑ "Dimapur City".
- ↑ "Dimapur Info".
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 "Dimapur City Population Census 2011 | Nagaland". www.census2011.co.in.
- ↑ Bathari 2014, pp. 17-18.
- ↑ "The Dimasa Kacharis of Cachar District: An Overview".
- ↑ (Ramirez 2007:93)
- ↑ "SALESIAN PROVINCE OF DIMAPUR". donboscodimapur.org. Archived from the original on 24 March 2014. Retrieved 18 February 2014.
- ↑ District Dimapur, History, dimapur.nic.in, India, retrieved February 12, 2021
- ↑ (Shin 2020:63)
- ↑ "This city is probably the one mentioned in the Ahom Buranji, which records that Ahom king Suhungmung (alias Dihingia Rāja) and his son reached the city by ascending the river Timā (Dima or Dhansiri) in 1526 when the Ahoms attacked Dimapur."(Shin 2020:63)
- ↑ "However, no clear trace of temples and images in the Dimapur ruins raises doubt about the scale and intensity of Brahmanisation in the early history of the Dimasas. The ruins of Dimapur, which include a brick wall of the aggregate length of nearly 2 miles and 2 tanks about 300 yards square, are indicative of a city of considerable size." (Shin 2020:63)
- ↑ NP, Return Dimapur To Assam Demand Grows, nagalandpage.com, India, July 18, 2018
- ↑ EMN, Assam politician wants Dimapur and Merapani from Nagaland, easternmirrornagaland.com, India, September 19, 2016
- ↑ Nagaland Post, Paying the Price of Silence Archived 22 January 2021 at the Wayback Machine, nagalandpost.com, India, September 15, 2018
- ↑ Vinayak, G (2 October 2004). "At least 30 killed in Nagaland blast". Rediff.com. Retrieved 22 August 2022.
- ↑ "India reels after deadly blasts". Al Jazeera. 3 October 2004. Retrieved 22 August 2022.
- ↑ "February Climate History for Dimapur". myweather2.com. Retrieved 18 February 2014.
- ↑ [[1]]Climate data
- ↑ "Dimapur City religious population". Census India 2011. Retrieved 4 September 2022.
- ↑ "Dimapur Places to Visit". holidayiq.com. Retrieved 18 February 2014.
- ↑ "Alliance Air confirms plans to commence Guwahati-Dimapur-Imphal service in Dec-2019". CAPA. Retrieved 4 December 2019.
- ↑ "State Stadium Dimapur – Why is it taking so long to complete?". Nagas Connect. 10 May 2020. Retrieved 22 December 2021.
- ↑ "Nagaland Industrial Development Corporation Ltd. (NIDC), Dimapur". Department of Industries & Commerce : Nagaland.
- ↑ "Special Economic Zones". www.pib.gov.in.
References
- Ramirez, Philippe (2007), "Politico-ritual variations on the Assamese fringes: Do social systems exist?", in Sadan, Mandy; Robinne., François (eds.), Social Dynamics in the Highlands of Southeast Asia Reconsidering Political Systems of Highland Burma, Boston: Brill, pp. 91–107
- Bathari, Uttam (2014). Memory History and polity a study of dimasa identity in colonial past and post colonial present (Ph.D.). Gauhati University. hdl:10603/115353.
- Shin, Jae-Eun (2020). "Descending from demons, ascending to kshatriyas: Genealogical claims and political process in pre-modern Northeast India, The Chutiyas and the Dimasas". The Indian Economic and Social History Review. 57 (1): 49–75. doi:10.1177/0019464619894134. S2CID 213213265.