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{{short description|UNESCO World Heritage Site in northern India}} | {{short description|UNESCO World Heritage Site in northern India}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}} | |||
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2022}} | |||
{{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site | {{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site | ||
| image = Jaipur 03-2016 04 Amber Fort.jpg | | image = Jaipur 03-2016 04 Amber Fort.jpg | ||
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The North Western Indian State of [[Rajasthan]] has over one hundred fortifications on hills and mountainous terrain. Six '''Hill Forts of Rajasthan''', spread across [[Rajasthan]] state in northern [[India]], have been clustered as a series and designated [[UNESCO World Heritage Site]]. The ‘Hill Forts of Rajasthan’ was initially submitted to the UNESCO as a serial property formed by five Rajput forts in the [[Aravalli Range]],<ref name="Kohli2004">{{citation |last=Kohli |first=M.S. |title=Mountains of India: Tourism, Adventure, Pilgrimage |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GIs4zv17HHwC&pg=PA29 |year=2004 |publisher=Indus Publishing |isbn=978-81-7387-135-1 |pages=29–}}</ref> and were built and enhanced between the 5th and 18th centuries CE by several [[Rajput]] kings of different [[Realm|kingdoms]]. The UNESCO series has been increased to six forts. They consist of: | The North Western Indian State of [[Rajasthan]] has over one hundred fortifications on hills and mountainous terrain. Six '''Hill Forts of Rajasthan''', spread across [[Rajasthan]] state in northern [[India]], have been clustered as a series and designated [[UNESCO World Heritage Site]]. The ‘Hill Forts of Rajasthan’ was initially submitted to the UNESCO as a serial property formed by five Rajput forts in the [[Aravalli Range]],<ref name="Kohli2004">{{citation |last=Kohli |first=M.S. |title=Mountains of India: Tourism, Adventure, Pilgrimage |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GIs4zv17HHwC&pg=PA29 |year=2004 |publisher=Indus Publishing |isbn=978-81-7387-135-1 |pages=29–}}</ref> and were built and enhanced between the 5th and 18th centuries CE by several [[Rajput]] kings of different [[Realm|kingdoms]]. The UNESCO series has been increased to six forts. They consist of: | ||
# [[Chittor Fort]] at [[Chittorgarh]] | # [[Chittor Fort]] at [[Chittorgarh|Chittorgarh city]] | ||
# [[Kumbhalgarh|Kumbhalgarh Fort]] at [[ | # [[Kumbhalgarh|Kumbhalgarh Fort]] at [[Rajsamand|Rajsamand city]] | ||
# [[Ranthambore Fort]] at [[Sawai Madhopur]] | # [[Ranthambore Fort]] at [[Sawai Madhopur]] | ||
# [[Gagron Fort]] at [[Jhalawar]] | # [[Gagron Fort]] at [[Jhalawar|Jhalawar city]] | ||
# [[Amber Fort|Amer Fort]] at [[Jaipur]] | # [[Amber Fort|Amer Fort]] at [[Jaipur|Jaipur city]] | ||
# [[Jaisalmer Fort]] at [[Jaisalmer]] | # [[Jaisalmer Fort]] at [[Jaisalmer|Jaisalmer city]] | ||
Some of these forts have defensive fortification wall up to 20 km long, still surviving urban centers and still in use water harvesting mechanism.<ref name=HFR1>[https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/247 UNESCO Hill Forts of Rajasthan, UNESCO website]</ref> | Some of these forts have defensive fortification wall up to 20 km long, still surviving urban centers and still in use water harvesting mechanism.<ref name=HFR1>[https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/247 UNESCO Hill Forts of Rajasthan, UNESCO website]</ref> | ||
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The State party of Rajasthan presented an overview of the process for the selection of component sites for the series of Hill Forts and the criteria selected. The criteria set resulting in the selection process followed the four following perimeters: The forts adapted to the ''Geography of the Hilltops'', the fortifications were ''power'' ''centers'', they included ''sacred grounds'', and the fort was designed with ''urban'' ''settlements.'' | The State party of Rajasthan presented an overview of the process for the selection of component sites for the series of Hill Forts and the criteria selected. The criteria set resulting in the selection process followed the four following perimeters: The forts adapted to the ''Geography of the Hilltops'', the fortifications were ''power'' ''centers'', they included ''sacred grounds'', and the fort was designed with ''urban'' ''settlements.'' | ||
Rajputs adhered to architectural texts that categorized different typologies of fortifications based on their geography. The earliest literary references differentiated four types of forts; Hilltop Forts, Water Forts, Forest Forts, and Desert Forts. This series of world heritage sites was created solely on the Hilltop Forts of Rajasthan. This and excluded many forts solely based on typology such as [[Junagarh Fort]] which is a ground fort. Furthermore forts that were not designed for urban settlement were excluded{{Citation needed|date=August 2020}}. [[Mehrangarh]], although situated on a hilltop, was a fortified [[citadel]] for the court which lacked an urban settlement for the civilians. | Rajputs adhered to architectural texts that categorized different typologies of fortifications based on their geography. The earliest literary references differentiated four types of forts; Hilltop Forts, Water Forts, Forest Forts, and Desert Forts. This series of world heritage sites was created solely on the Hilltop Forts of Rajasthan. This and excluded many forts solely based on typology such as [[Junagarh Fort]] which is a ground fort. Furthermore forts that were not designed for urban settlement were excluded{{Citation needed |date=August 2020}}. [[Mehrangarh]], although situated on a hilltop, was a fortified [[citadel]] for the court which lacked an urban settlement for the civilians. | ||
An initial list ''Forts of Rajasthan'' was created based on all forts recorded by the [[Archaeological Survey of India]]. Of the hundreds of fortifications, 54 forts were further examined as they shared integral characteristics of Rajput military architecture. The State party explained how from this initial listing, a smaller group was selected made of 24 of the most significant forts of Rajasthan which all shared key aspects of Rajput Fortifications. This number was soon shortlisted to 13. From this list five forts were initially selected, all of which were located on the Aravalli Range, and belonged to different clans. The sixth fort, Jaisalmer was later added into the series. | An initial list ''Forts of Rajasthan'' was created based on all forts recorded by the [[Archaeological Survey of India]]. Of the hundreds of fortifications, 54 forts were further examined as they shared integral characteristics of Rajput military architecture. The State party explained how from this initial listing, a smaller group was selected made of 24 of the most significant forts of Rajasthan which all shared key aspects of Rajput Fortifications. This number was soon shortlisted to 13. From this list five forts were initially selected, all of which were located on the Aravalli Range, and belonged to different clans. The sixth fort, Jaisalmer was later added into the series. | ||
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|File:Jaisalmer Fort.jpg|[[Jaisalmer]] | |File:Jaisalmer Fort.jpg|[[Jaisalmer]] | ||
|File:Aerial view of Kumbhalgarh.jpg|Aerial view of [[Kumbhalgarh Fort]] | |File:Aerial view of Kumbhalgarh.jpg|Aerial view of [[Kumbhalgarh Fort]] | ||
|File:Temple in Kumbalgarh fortress 01.JPG| | |File:Temple in Kumbalgarh fortress 01.JPG|Trikuta Temple [[Kumbhalgarh Fort]] | ||
|File:Looking down on Ranthambore Fort.jpg|[[Ranthambhore Fort]] | |File:Looking down on Ranthambore Fort.jpg|[[Ranthambhore Fort]] | ||
|File:Ranthambore Fort Jain Temple.jpg|Jain Temple, [[Ranthambore Fort]] | |File:Ranthambore Fort Jain Temple.jpg|Jain Temple, [[Ranthambore Fort]] | ||
Latest revision as of 17:46, 3 August 2022
| UNESCO World Heritage Site | |
|---|---|
| Error creating thumbnail: File missing Amber Fort at Jaipur | |
| Location | Rajasthan, India |
| Includes | |
| Reference | 247rev |
| Inscription | 2013 (37th session) |
  1 2 3 4 5 6 | |
The North Western Indian State of Rajasthan has over one hundred fortifications on hills and mountainous terrain. Six Hill Forts of Rajasthan, spread across Rajasthan state in northern India, have been clustered as a series and designated UNESCO World Heritage Site. The ‘Hill Forts of Rajasthan’ was initially submitted to the UNESCO as a serial property formed by five Rajput forts in the Aravalli Range,[1] and were built and enhanced between the 5th and 18th centuries CE by several Rajput kings of different kingdoms. The UNESCO series has been increased to six forts. They consist of:
- Chittor Fort at Chittorgarh city
- Kumbhalgarh Fort at Rajsamand city
- Ranthambore Fort at Sawai Madhopur
- Gagron Fort at Jhalawar city
- Amer Fort at Jaipur city
- Jaisalmer Fort at Jaisalmer city
Some of these forts have defensive fortification wall up to 20 km long, still surviving urban centers and still in use water harvesting mechanism.[2]
Selection[edit | edit source]
A series was to be selected as a UNESCO World Heritage Site to highlight the culture and architecture of hilltop Rajput forts.
The State party of Rajasthan presented an overview of the process for the selection of component sites for the series of Hill Forts and the criteria selected. The criteria set resulting in the selection process followed the four following perimeters: The forts adapted to the Geography of the Hilltops, the fortifications were power centers, they included sacred grounds, and the fort was designed with urban settlements.
Rajputs adhered to architectural texts that categorized different typologies of fortifications based on their geography. The earliest literary references differentiated four types of forts; Hilltop Forts, Water Forts, Forest Forts, and Desert Forts. This series of world heritage sites was created solely on the Hilltop Forts of Rajasthan. This and excluded many forts solely based on typology such as Junagarh Fort which is a ground fort. Furthermore forts that were not designed for urban settlement were excluded[citation needed]. Mehrangarh, although situated on a hilltop, was a fortified citadel for the court which lacked an urban settlement for the civilians.
An initial list Forts of Rajasthan was created based on all forts recorded by the Archaeological Survey of India. Of the hundreds of fortifications, 54 forts were further examined as they shared integral characteristics of Rajput military architecture. The State party explained how from this initial listing, a smaller group was selected made of 24 of the most significant forts of Rajasthan which all shared key aspects of Rajput Fortifications. This number was soon shortlisted to 13. From this list five forts were initially selected, all of which were located on the Aravalli Range, and belonged to different clans. The sixth fort, Jaisalmer was later added into the series.
Gallery[edit | edit source]
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Vista of Amer Fort from across the road -
Jain Temple inside Jaisalmer Fort
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Ganesh Pol Entrance, Amer Fort
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Sheesh Mahal, Amer Fort
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.jpg)
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Aerial view of Kumbhalgarh Fort
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Trikuta Temple Kumbhalgarh Fort
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Jain Temple, Ranthambore Fort
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.jpg)
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Kohli, M.S. (2004), Mountains of India: Tourism, Adventure, Pilgrimage, Indus Publishing, pp. 29–, ISBN 978-81-7387-135-1
- ↑ UNESCO Hill Forts of Rajasthan, UNESCO website
External links[edit | edit source]
| North |  | |
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| East | ||
| Northeast | ||
| South | ||
| Central | ||
| West | ||