Battle of Jammu (1712): Difference between revisions

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{{Multiple issues|
{{Notability|date=September 2022}}
{{More citations needed|date=September 2022}}
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{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Distinguish|Battle of Jammu (1808)}}
{{Distinguish|Battle of Jammu (1808)}}
{{Infobox Military Conflict
{{Infobox Military Conflict
| conflict   = Battle of Jammu
| conflict         = Battle of Jammu
| partof     =  
| partof           = [[Mughal-Sikh Wars]]
| image       =  
| image             =  
| caption     =  
| caption           =  
| date       = 22 January 1712
| date             = 22 January 1712
| place       = [[Jammu]]
| place             = [[Jammu]]
| territory   =  
| territory         =  
| result     = Mughal victory<ref name="jammu">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dh6jydKXikoC|title=Dictionary of Battles and Sieges|page=485|author= Jacques, Tony|year=2007|publisher=Greenwood Press|isbn=978-0-313-33536-5}}</ref>
| result           = Mughal victory<ref name="jammu">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dh6jydKXikoC|title=Dictionary of Battles and Sieges|page=485|author= Jacques, Tony|year=2007|publisher=Greenwood Press|isbn=978-0-313-33536-5}}</ref>
| combatant1 = [[File:Punjab flag.svg|30px]] [[Khalsa]]
| combatant1       = [[File:Sikh_flag.jpg|20px]] [[Khalsa]]
| combatant2 = [[File:Flag of the Mughal Empire.png|30px]] [[Mughal Empire]]
| combatant2       = [[File:Alam of the Mughal Empire.svg|25px]] [[Mughal Empire]]
| commander1 = [[File:Punjab flag.svg|25px]] Bhag Singh {{KIA}}
| commander1       = [[File:Sikh_flag.jpg|20px]] [[Banda Singh Bahadur]]
| commander2 = [[File:Flag of the Mughal Empire.png|25px]] [[Zakariya Khan Bahadur]]|
| commander2       = [[File:Alam of the Mughal Empire.svg|25px]] [[Muhammad Amin Khan Turani]]<br>[[File:Alam of the Mughal Empire.svg|25px]]Rustamdil Khan<br>[[File:Alam of the Mughal Empire.svg|25px]]Aghar Khan|
| casualties1      = 500
| casualties2      = Unknown
}}
}}
{{Campaignbox Mughal-Sikh Wars}}


The '''Battle of Jammu''' was a surprise attack launched by [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] General [[Zakariya Khan Bahadur]] against the [[Sikhs]] who were under the leadership of Bhag Singh. The [[Sikhs]] were pursued all the way north to [[Jammu]] by the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] forces. At [[Jammu]], the [[Sikhs]] were met by Jammu King Raja Dhruv Dev (1707-1733), whose father Raja Gaje Singh (1692-1707) accepted Mughal suzerainty during [[Aurangzeb]]'s reign. The [[Sikhs]] were surrounded and killed by the combined [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] and [[Rajput|Jammu Rajput]] forces. Their leader Bhag Singh was then captured and executed by [[Zakariya Khan Bahadur]].


==References==
The '''Battle of Jammu''' was fought between the [[Sikhs]] under the command of [[Banda Singh Bahadur]] against the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] forces near the hills of [[Jammu]] on January,22,1712.<ref name="jammu" />The Mughals were able to achieve victory against the Sikhs.<ref name="jammu">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dh6jydKXikoC|title=Dictionary of Battles and Sieges|page=485|author= Jacques, Tony|year=2007|publisher=Greenwood Press|isbn=978-0-313-33536-5}}</ref><ref name="Gupta">{{cite book |last1=Gupta |first1=Hari |title=History Of The Sikhs Vol. II Evolution Of Sikh Confederacies (1707-69) |date=2007 |publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt. Ltd. |isbn=81-215-0248-9 |pages=22-23 |url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryOfTheSikhsVol.IiEvolutionOfSikhConfederacies1707-69/page/n43/mode/2up?q=Jammu |access-date=21 December 2022}}</ref>
 
== Background ==
After the killing of Shamas Khan and Bayazid Khan near Bahrampur,the Sikhs under Banda singh Bahadur began occupying the towns of [[Pasrur]] and Aurangabad.<ref name="Ganda Singh">{{cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Ganda |url=https://archive.org/details/LifeOfBandaSinghBahadurBasedOnContemporaryAndOriginalRecordsDr.GandaSingh/page/n191/mode/2up?q=muhammad |title=Life Of Banda Singh Bahadur Based On Contemporary And Original Records |date=1935 |publisher=The Oriental Printing Press |pages=162-168 |access-date=21 December 2022}}</ref>The Mughal Forces under the leadership of [[Muhammad Amin Khan Turani]] were able to defeat the Sikhs near Pasrur and pursued the Sikhs into the hills of Jammu.<ref name="Ganda Singh" /><ref name="jammu" />
 
== Battle ==
Muhammad Amin Khan soon joined both Rustamdil Khan and Aghar Khan and combined there forces and attempted to incircle the Sikhs.<ref name="Ganda Singh" />The Sikhs however were able to cut through the Mughal Lines and the Sikhs were able to escape.<ref name="Ganda Singh" />Rustamdil Khan then proceeded to commit atrocities on the villages of Parol and Kathua and sold its men and women in the slave markets of [[Lahore]] due to him suspecting the villagers to be Sikhs.<ref name="Ganda Singh" /><ref name="Gupta" />Muhammad Amin advanced upon Jammu and was able to kill 500 Sikhs.<ref name="Gupta" /><ref name="jammu" />Banda Singh however was able to escape.<ref name="Gupta" />
 
== Aftermath ==
Banda Singh was able to escape from the hills of Jammu and was successful in retaking both [[Sadhaura]] and Lohgarh.<ref name="Gupta" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Sagoo |first=Harbans |url=https://archive.org/details/BandaSinghBahadurAndSikhSovereignty/page/n215/mode/2up?q=Jammu |title=Banda Singh Bahadur And Sikh Sovereignty |publisher=Deep & Deep Publications Pvt. Ltd. |year=2001 |isbn=81-7629-300-8 |pages=200-207}}</ref>After the death of [[Bahadur Shah I]],a civil war would ensue between Bahadur Shah's successors in March of 1712.<ref name="Gupta" />[[Jahandar Shah]] would succeed Bahadur Shah as the new Mughal emperor and sent Muhammad Amin Khan to retake Sadhaura from the Sikhs.<ref name=":0" />Muhammad Amin Khan however failed in retaking Sadhaura and was soon recalled by Jahandar Shah to join him on his expedition in [[Agra]] against Jahandar Shah's nephew,[[Farrukhsiyar]].<ref name="Gupta" />
 
== See Also ==
 
* [[Battle of Lohgarh]]
 
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}
{{coord missing|India}}


[[Category:Sikh warriors|Jammu]]
[[Category:Sikh warriors|Jammu]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Mughal Empire|Jammu]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Mughal Empire|Jammu]]
[[Category:1712 in Asia]]
[[Category:1712 in Asia]]
[[Category:1712 in military history|Jammu]]
[[Category:Battles involving India|Jammu]]
 
[[Category:Battles involving the Indian kingdoms|Jammu]]
 
{{India-hist-stub}}
{{India-hist-stub}}
{{Pakistan-hist-stub}}
{{Pakistan-hist-stub}}

Latest revision as of 11:18, 23 December 2022

Not to be confused with Battle of Jammu (1808).
Battle of Jammu
Part of Mughal-Sikh Wars
Date22 January 1712
Location
Jammu
Result Mughal victory[1]
Belligerents
Error creating thumbnail: File missing Khalsa Error creating thumbnail: File missing Mughal Empire
Commanders and leaders
Error creating thumbnail: File missing Banda Singh Bahadur Error creating thumbnail: File missing Muhammad Amin Khan Turani
Error creating thumbnail: File missingRustamdil Khan
Error creating thumbnail: File missingAghar Khan
Casualties and losses
500 Unknown


The Battle of Jammu was fought between the Sikhs under the command of Banda Singh Bahadur against the Mughal forces near the hills of Jammu on January,22,1712.[1]The Mughals were able to achieve victory against the Sikhs.[1][2]

Background[edit | edit source]

After the killing of Shamas Khan and Bayazid Khan near Bahrampur,the Sikhs under Banda singh Bahadur began occupying the towns of Pasrur and Aurangabad.[3]The Mughal Forces under the leadership of Muhammad Amin Khan Turani were able to defeat the Sikhs near Pasrur and pursued the Sikhs into the hills of Jammu.[3][1]

Battle[edit | edit source]

Muhammad Amin Khan soon joined both Rustamdil Khan and Aghar Khan and combined there forces and attempted to incircle the Sikhs.[3]The Sikhs however were able to cut through the Mughal Lines and the Sikhs were able to escape.[3]Rustamdil Khan then proceeded to commit atrocities on the villages of Parol and Kathua and sold its men and women in the slave markets of Lahore due to him suspecting the villagers to be Sikhs.[3][2]Muhammad Amin advanced upon Jammu and was able to kill 500 Sikhs.[2][1]Banda Singh however was able to escape.[2]

Aftermath[edit | edit source]

Banda Singh was able to escape from the hills of Jammu and was successful in retaking both Sadhaura and Lohgarh.[2][4]After the death of Bahadur Shah I,a civil war would ensue between Bahadur Shah's successors in March of 1712.[2]Jahandar Shah would succeed Bahadur Shah as the new Mughal emperor and sent Muhammad Amin Khan to retake Sadhaura from the Sikhs.[4]Muhammad Amin Khan however failed in retaking Sadhaura and was soon recalled by Jahandar Shah to join him on his expedition in Agra against Jahandar Shah's nephew,Farrukhsiyar.[2]

See Also[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Jacques, Tony (2007). Dictionary of Battles and Sieges. Greenwood Press. p. 485. ISBN 978-0-313-33536-5.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Gupta, Hari (2007). History Of The Sikhs Vol. II Evolution Of Sikh Confederacies (1707-69). Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt. Ltd. pp. 22–23. ISBN 81-215-0248-9. Retrieved 21 December 2022.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Singh, Ganda (1935). Life Of Banda Singh Bahadur Based On Contemporary And Original Records. The Oriental Printing Press. pp. 162–168. Retrieved 21 December 2022.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Sagoo, Harbans (2001). Banda Singh Bahadur And Sikh Sovereignty. Deep & Deep Publications Pvt. Ltd. pp. 200–207. ISBN 81-7629-300-8.
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