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{{Short description|Mughal military commander}} | |||
'''Mīrzā Najaf Khān Bahādur''', simply known as '''Najaf Khan''' (b. 1723 – 26 April 1782 d.) was an adventurer of [[Safavid dynasty|Safavid lineage]] who came to Delhi around 1740 from Iran after [[Nader Shah]] had displaced Safavid dynasty in 1736. He became a courtier of [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] emperor [[Shah Alam II]] (1740{{Snd}}1782). He married his sister into the family of the Shia [[Nawab of Awadh]], which resulted in him gaining the title of Deputy [[Vizier|Wazir]] of Awadh. He served during the [[Battle of Buxar]], and he was the highest commander of the Mughal army from 1772 till his death in April 1782.<ref name=mnf1/><ref name=mnk3/> | |||
''' | {{Infobox royalty | ||
| name = Najaf Khan<br>نجف خان | |||
| title = Prince of the [[Safavid dynasty|Safavid]] Family <br> Deputy - [[Vizier|Vazir]] of [[Awadh|Avadh]] <br> Mir Bakshi of the States | |||
| image = Mughal amir horseback large c hi.jpg | |||
| succession = Vakil-i-Mutlaq of the [[Mughal Empire]] | |||
| reign = {{Circa}} 1779{{snd}}1782 | |||
| reign-type = Office holding | |||
| birth_date = 1723 C.E. | |||
| birth_place = [[Safavid Empire]] (present [[Iran]]) | |||
| death_date = 26 April 1782 <br> (aged of 58-59) | |||
| death_place = [[Old Delhi|Delhi]], Mughal Empire | |||
| issue = Fatima (d. 1820)<br>Mirza Najaf Quli Khan (adopted) | |||
| full name = Mirza Najaf Khan Safavid | |||
| occupation = Safavid Prince <br> Mughal Commander-in-Chief | |||
| religion = [[Shia Islam]] | |||
| succession1 = Mir-Bakshi of The Mughal Empire <br> (Commander-in-Chief) | |||
| reign-type1 = Years-active | |||
| reign1 = 30 October 1770{{snd}}26 April 1782 | |||
| predecessor1 = [[Najib ad-Dawlah|Najib-ud-Daulah]] | |||
| succession2 = Mughal courtier | |||
| reign2 = {{Circa}} 1740{{snd}}1782 | |||
| reg-type2 = [[Mughal Emperor|Padishah]] | |||
| regent2 = [[Shah Alam II]] | |||
| issue-type = Children | |||
| dynasty = [[File:Safavid Flag.svg|25px]] [[Safavid dynasty]] | |||
| module = {{Infobox military person | |||
| embed = yes | |||
| allegiance = [[Mughal Empire]] | |||
| rank = Mir Bakshi of the empire | |||
| battles = [[Third Battle of Panipat]]<br>[[Battle of Buxar]]<br>Mughal-Jat wars<br>[[Battle of Khatu Shyamji]]<br>[[Mughal-Sikh Wars|Mughal-Sikh wars]] | |||
}} | |||
}} | |||
[[File:Mirza_Najaf_Khan's_Tomb_01.jpg|thumb|Mirza Najaf Khan's incomplete tomb, the commander-in-chief of the [[Mughal Army]] during the reign of [[Shah Alam II]].]] | |||
==Career== | ==Career== | ||
He was more successful than his predecessor [[Najib ad-Dawlah]], the Rohilla Afghan appointed by [[Ahmad Shah Durrani]] to protect the Mughal throne. He had an adopted son Najaf Quli Khan (not the same as [[Mohammed Quli Khan|Quli Khan]] buried in Mehrauli Archaeological Park). After his death there was a dispute about his possessions as he left no child, his widow sister requested emperor for her adopted son on Mirza's position of deputy wazir but this claim was rivaled by Mirza Shafi Khan who had a great army and considerable resources in the Mughal court, Mirza was also the closest of relatives to Najaf.<ref name=mnk3/><ref name=death1>{{Cite book|title=The Mughal Empire|last=Keene|first=Henry George|publisher=Sang-e-Meel Publications|year=2012|isbn=978-969-35-0888-8|location=Lahore, Pakistan|pages=125}}</ref> Najaf Khan's rival in court of Shah Alam was Nawab [[Majad-ud-Daulah]] who | He was more successful than his predecessor [[Najib ad-Dawlah]], the Rohilla Afghan appointed by [[Ahmad Shah Durrani]] to protect the Mughal throne. He had an adopted son Najaf Quli Khan, a convert who was born as a Hindu (not the same as [[Mohammed Quli Khan|Quli Khan]] buried in Mehrauli Archaeological Park).<ref>{{cite book |url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Hindustan_Under_Free_Lances_1770_1820/0vg2AAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=najaf+quli+khan+converted&pg=PA66&printsec=frontcover |title=Hindustan Under Free Lances, 1770-1820: Sketches of Military Adventure in Hindustan During the Period Immediately Preceding British Occupation |page=66 |author=Henry George Keene |date=1907 }}</ref> After his death there was a dispute about his possessions as he left no child, his widow sister requested emperor for her adopted son on Mirza's position of deputy wazir but this claim was rivaled by Mirza Shafi Khan who had a great army and considerable resources in the Mughal court, Mirza was also the closest of relatives to Najaf.<ref name=mnk3/><ref name=death1>{{Cite book|title=The Mughal Empire|last=Keene|first=Henry George|publisher=Sang-e-Meel Publications|year=2012|isbn=978-969-35-0888-8|location=Lahore, Pakistan|pages=125}}</ref> Najaf Khan's rival in court of Shah Alam was Nawab [[Majad-ud-Daulah]] who used to get the [[Sikh_Empire#Sikh_Confederacy|Sikh]] [[misl]]s to cause panic among the Mughals to continuously keep Najaf Khan's forces busy.<ref name=mnf1/> He is also credited for renaming the city of Aligarh, formerly known as Kol.<ref name=alig>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livehistoryindia.com/story/amazing-india/najafgarh/|title=Najafgarh: A Kingmaker in the Capital}}</ref> | ||
==Death== | ==Death== | ||
| Line 12: | Line 44: | ||
==Tomb of Mirza Najaf Khan== | ==Tomb of Mirza Najaf Khan== | ||
''" | ''"Mirza Najaf Khan's Tomb"''' near [[Safdarjung Airport]] lies closer to the [[Tomb of Safdarjung]] in the [[Lodhi Gardens]].It is an uncompleted tomb. Set in a lush modern landscaped garden, this tomb is inside an enclosed boundary. There is a beautifully ruined entrance to the tomb complex set at a distance from the base platform of the tomb. In the middle of the area enclosed by the boundary, lies a large and beautiful square red stone platform with another smaller platform on top with a flat roof and no dome. Inscription marked grave of Mirza Najaf Khan and his daughter, Fatima (died 1820 CE), are inside two marble cenotaphs.<ref name=mnf1>[https://www.delhiinformation.in/tourism/tombs/najafkhanstomb.html Najaf Khan's Tomb, Delhi information]</ref><ref name=mnk2>[https://books.google.com/books?id=g1PcCgAAQBAJ Delhi Travel Guide 2017: Must-see attractions, T Turner,2015]</ref><ref name=mnk3>[https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0143415328 City Improbable: Writings, Khushwant Singh, 2010, Pp. 203]</ref><ref name=mnk4>[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.46950 The Archæology and Monumental Remains of Delhi, Carr Stephen, 1876, Pp.282]</ref> | ||
;Gallery | ;Gallery | ||
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Enclosure_wall_with_Tomb_of_Mirza_Najaf_Khan_2013-09-12_14-13-30.jpg|Mirza Najaf Khan tomb's enclosure wall | Enclosure_wall_with_Tomb_of_Mirza_Najaf_Khan_2013-09-12_14-13-30.jpg|Mirza Najaf Khan tomb's enclosure wall | ||
Omb_of_Mirza_Najaf_Khan_c18.jpg|Mirza Najaf Khan's tomb | Omb_of_Mirza_Najaf_Khan_c18.jpg|Mirza Najaf Khan's tomb | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
*[[Mirza Ismail Beg]], kinsman | |||
*[[Najafgarh]] town, Delhi, India. | *[[Najafgarh]] town, Delhi, India. | ||
Latest revision as of 13:42, 25 December 2022
Mīrzā Najaf Khān Bahādur, simply known as Najaf Khan (b. 1723 – 26 April 1782 d.) was an adventurer of Safavid lineage who came to Delhi around 1740 from Iran after Nader Shah had displaced Safavid dynasty in 1736. He became a courtier of Mughal emperor Shah Alam II (1740 – 1782). He married his sister into the family of the Shia Nawab of Awadh, which resulted in him gaining the title of Deputy Wazir of Awadh. He served during the Battle of Buxar, and he was the highest commander of the Mughal army from 1772 till his death in April 1782.[1][2]
| Najaf Khan نجف خان | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prince of the Safavid Family Deputy - Vazir of Avadh Mir Bakshi of the States | |||||
| Error creating thumbnail: File missing | |||||
| Vakil-i-Mutlaq of the Mughal Empire | |||||
| Office holding | c. 1779 – 1782 | ||||
| Mir-Bakshi of The Mughal Empire (Commander-in-Chief) | |||||
| Years-active | 30 October 1770 – 26 April 1782 | ||||
| Predecessor | Najib-ud-Daulah | ||||
| Mughal courtier | |||||
| Reign | c. 1740 – 1782 | ||||
| Padishah | Shah Alam II | ||||
| Born | 1723 C.E. Safavid Empire (present Iran) | ||||
| Died | 26 April 1782 (aged of 58-59) Delhi, Mughal Empire | ||||
| Children | Fatima (d. 1820) Mirza Najaf Quli Khan (adopted) | ||||
| |||||
| Dynasty |  Safavid dynasty | ||||
| Religion | Shia Islam | ||||
| Occupation | Safavid Prince Mughal Commander-in-Chief | ||||
| Military career | |||||
| Allegiance | Mughal Empire | ||||
| Rank | Mir Bakshi of the empire | ||||
| Battles/wars | Third Battle of Panipat Battle of Buxar Mughal-Jat wars Battle of Khatu Shyamji Mughal-Sikh wars | ||||
Career[edit | edit source]
He was more successful than his predecessor Najib ad-Dawlah, the Rohilla Afghan appointed by Ahmad Shah Durrani to protect the Mughal throne. He had an adopted son Najaf Quli Khan, a convert who was born as a Hindu (not the same as Quli Khan buried in Mehrauli Archaeological Park).[3] After his death there was a dispute about his possessions as he left no child, his widow sister requested emperor for her adopted son on Mirza's position of deputy wazir but this claim was rivaled by Mirza Shafi Khan who had a great army and considerable resources in the Mughal court, Mirza was also the closest of relatives to Najaf.[2][4] Najaf Khan's rival in court of Shah Alam was Nawab Majad-ud-Daulah who used to get the Sikh misls to cause panic among the Mughals to continuously keep Najaf Khan's forces busy.[1] He is also credited for renaming the city of Aligarh, formerly known as Kol.[5]
Death[edit | edit source]
He died on April 26, 1782 after serving Mughal throne for forty two years.[4][1]
He started to suffer long bouts of fever and illness immediately after as he was appointed Vakil-i-Mutlaq or regent of Mughals in 1779 at the age of 42. Court rumors had started against the rise of this Shia courtier. Kahir-ud-Din Illahabadi wrote in Ibratnama that Najaf Khan became close to eunuch Latafat Ali Khan who regularly supplied Najaf Khan with wine and dancing girls. Najaf became obsessed with an experienced prostitute introduced by Latafat. Nafaj spent much of his time in wining in the presence of this prostitute, until he fell seriously sick, feverish and weak to the extent "it could no longer be cured treated". In reality his time in sickness was spent in "pain and suffering, spitting blood".[6]
Tomb of Mirza Najaf Khan[edit | edit source]
"Mirza Najaf Khan's Tomb"' near Safdarjung Airport lies closer to the Tomb of Safdarjung in the Lodhi Gardens.It is an uncompleted tomb. Set in a lush modern landscaped garden, this tomb is inside an enclosed boundary. There is a beautifully ruined entrance to the tomb complex set at a distance from the base platform of the tomb. In the middle of the area enclosed by the boundary, lies a large and beautiful square red stone platform with another smaller platform on top with a flat roof and no dome. Inscription marked grave of Mirza Najaf Khan and his daughter, Fatima (died 1820 CE), are inside two marble cenotaphs.[1][7][2][8]
- Gallery
-
Mirza Najaf Khan's Tomb entrance
-
Mirza Najaf Khan tomb's enclosure wall
-
Mirza Najaf Khan's tomb
See also[edit | edit source]
- Mirza Ismail Beg, kinsman
- Najafgarh town, Delhi, India.
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Najaf Khan's Tomb, Delhi information
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 City Improbable: Writings, Khushwant Singh, 2010, Pp. 203
- ↑ Henry George Keene (1907). Hindustan Under Free Lances, 1770-1820: Sketches of Military Adventure in Hindustan During the Period Immediately Preceding British Occupation. p. 66.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Keene, Henry George (2012). The Mughal Empire. Lahore, Pakistan: Sang-e-Meel Publications. p. 125. ISBN 978-969-35-0888-8.
- ↑ "Najafgarh: A Kingmaker in the Capital".
- ↑ William Dalrymple, 2019, The Anarchy: The Relentless Rise of the East India Company
- ↑ Delhi Travel Guide 2017: Must-see attractions, T Turner,2015
- ↑ The Archæology and Monumental Remains of Delhi, Carr Stephen, 1876, Pp.282