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{{Infobox military conflict | {{Infobox military conflict | ||
| conflict = Battle of Dograi | | conflict = Battle of Dograi | ||
| partof = the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]] | | partof = the [[Lahore Front]], [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]] | ||
| image = | | image = | ||
| image_size = | | image_size = | ||
| caption = | | caption = | ||
| date = 20–22 September 1965 | | date = 20–22 September 1965<br />({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=9|day1=20|year1=1965|month2=9|day2=22|year2=1965}}) | ||
| place = Dograi, [[Punjab, Pakistan|Pakistani Punjab]] | |||
{{OSM Location map | |||
| coord = {{coord|31.52764990006564|N|74.44666473135507|E}} <!-- Map center --> | |||
| float = center | |||
| zoom = 9 | |||
| width = 290 <!-- width and height of the frame. numeric input - do not add px --> | |||
| height = 300 | |||
| caption = {{center|Dograi and surroundings}} | |||
| nolabels = 1 | |||
| minimap = | |||
| mini-file = | |||
| mini-width = | |||
| mini-height = | |||
| minipog-x = | |||
| minipog-y = | |||
| scalemark = | |||
| shape = | |||
| map-data-light = Q6754702 | |||
<!-- Dograi --> | |||
| mark-coord1 = {{Coord|31.52764990006564|N|74.44666473135507|E}} | |||
| mark1 = Blue pog.svg | |||
| mark-size1 = 7 | |||
| label1 = Dograi | |||
| label-size1 = 10 | |||
| label-color1 = blue | |||
| label-pos1 = top | |||
| mark-title1 = [[Dograi]] | |||
| mark-description1 = Location of battle | |||
<!-- Lahore --> | |||
| mark-coord2 = {{coord|31.534488422641324|N|74.3423042740677|E}} | |||
| mark2 = AS-rzeka-icon.svg | |||
| mark-size2 = 10 | |||
| label2 = Lahore | |||
| label-size2 = 10 | |||
| label-color2 = blue | |||
| label-pos2 = right | |||
| mark-title2 = Lahore | |||
| mark-description2 = Lahore city | |||
}} | |||
<!-- | |||
{{Location map|Pakistan Punjab | {{Location map|Pakistan Punjab | ||
|width = | |width = 280 | ||
|float = right | |float = right | ||
|label = Dograi | |label = Dograi | ||
|position = none | |position = none | ||
|mark = Red pog.svg | |mark = Red pog.svg | ||
|lat_deg = 31. | |lat_deg = 31.31395 | ||
|lon_deg = 74. | |lon_deg = 74.26441 | ||
}} | }} | ||
-->| map_type = | |||
| map_type = | |||
| map_relief = | | map_relief = | ||
| coordinates = {{coord|31.528900|N|77.403333|E|display=inline,title}} | | coordinates = {{coord|31.528900|N|77.403333|E|display=inline,title}} | ||
| Line 25: | Line 64: | ||
| map_label = | | map_label = | ||
| territory = | | territory = | ||
| result = Indian | | result = Indian Victory<ref name="India Times">{{cite news |last= Dabas|first= Maninder|date=20 September 2017|title=The Battle Of Dograi - When The 3 Jat Battalion Sealed The Victory For India In The 1965 War|url=https://www.indiatimes.com/news/the-battle-of-dograi-when-the-3-jat-battalion-sealed-the-victory-for-india-in-the-1965-war-259753.html|newspaper=India Times}}</ref> | ||
*India captures Dograi and surrounding areas<ref name="Hilal">{{Cite web|author=Brian Cloughly|url=https://www.hilal.gov.pk/eng-article/detail/MTA5OA==.html|title=50 Years Ago in Lahore and Sialkot|publisher=Hilal-ISPR}}</ref> | |||
| combatants_header = | | combatants_header = | ||
| combatant1 = {{flag|India|23px}} | | combatant1 = {{flag|India|23px}} | ||
| combatant2 = {{flag|Pakistan|23px}} | | combatant2 = {{flag|Pakistan|23px}} | ||
| commander1 = [[File:Flag of Indian Army.svg|20px]] Lt Col [[Desmond Hayde]] | | commander1 = [[File:Flag of Indian Army.svg|20px]] Lt Col [[Desmond Hayde]] | ||
| commander2 = [[File:Flag_of_the_Pakistani_Army.svg|20px]] Lt.Col | [[File:Flag of Indian Army.svg|20px]] Major [[Asaram Tyagi]]{{KIA}} | ||
|units1 | | commander2 = [[File:Flag_of_the_Pakistani_Army.svg|20px]] Lt.Col Golwala | ||
|units2 | | units1 = [[Jat Regiment]] | ||
| strength1 = | | units2 = [[Punjab Regiment (Pakistan)]]<br />[[Baloch Regiment|Baluch Regiment]]<br /> | ||
| strength2 = | | strength1 = 500 | ||
| casualties1 = | | strength2 = 900 | ||
| casualties2 = 308 killed | | casualties1 = 56 killed<ref name="India Times"/> | ||
| casualties2 = 308 killed<ref name="India Times"/><br />108 captured 6 tanks destroyed | |||
667 killed in Battle of Batapore | |||
| notes = | | notes = | ||
| campaignbox = {{Campaignbox Indo-Pakistani War of 1965}}{{Campaignbox Indo-Pakistani Wars}} | | campaignbox = {{Campaignbox Indo-Pakistani War of 1965}}{{Campaignbox Indo-Pakistani Wars}} | ||
| Line 44: | Line 86: | ||
== Background == | == Background == | ||
Dograi is a strategically important village as it is located just | Dograi is a strategically important village as it is located just 15 km from [[Lahore]], the capital of [[Punjab, Pakistan|Pakistani Punjab]] and the 2nd largest city in Pakistan. The village being so close to Lahore gave it a high level of importance as it would be a vital bargaining chip in any territorial negotiations and exchanges after the closure of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965.<ref name="Sainik Samachar"/><ref name="Valour and Sacrifice">{{cite book|author=Gautam Sharma|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xLrTzZd0j1kC&q=Major+asharam+tyagi+MVC&pg=PA172|title=Valour and Sacrifice: Famous Regiments of the Indian Army|publisher=Allied Publishers|year= 1990|isbn=9788170231400|location=171|pages=319}}</ref> | ||
== Preliminaries == | == Preliminaries == | ||
Prior to the main battle, the [[Indian Army]]'s 3 Jat battalion had already | Prior to the main battle, the [[Indian Army]]'s 3 Jat battalion had already tried to capture Dograi on 6 September 1965 but had to abandon its positions as they could not be reinforced due to strafing of supply lines by aircraft of the [[Pakistan Air Force]].<ref name="Sainik Samachar">{{cite web|title=Golden Jubilee of 1965 War, The Battle of Dograi|url=http://sainiksamachar.nic.in/englisharchives/2015/oct01-15/h5.htm|date=|publisher=Sainik Samachar, Govt of India}}</ref> | ||
Between 6 September and 20 September, numerous attempts were made to | Between 6 September and 20 September, numerous attempts were made to capture Dograi, but were unsuccessful due to the position having been reinforced by the Pakistan Army. | ||
On 20 September, the 3 Jat unit, consisting of | On 20 September, the 3 Jat unit, consisting of over 500 men and commanded by Lt. Col. Desmond Hayde was tasked with capturing the position.<ref name="India Times"/><ref name="IDSA">{{Cite web|url=https://www.idsa.in/system/files/jds/jds_9_3_2015_IndianArmysContinuityandTransformation_0.pdf|title=Indian Army's Continuity and Transformation Through the Prism of the Battle of Dograi |publisher=Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses }}</ref> | ||
The defending Pakistani force was composed of troops from [[Punjab Regiment (Pakistan)|16 Punjab]], [[ | The defending Pakistani force was composed of troops from [[Punjab Regiment (Pakistan)|16 Punjab]], [[Pashtun Regiment|3 Pashtun]], consisting of over 900 men. 16 Punjab was commanded by Lt. Col G.F. Golewala.<ref name="India Times"/><ref name="Sainik Samachar"/><ref name="IDSA"/> | ||
Reconnaissance patrols reported that Dograi was well fortified with pillboxes and buildings in the built-up region to cover all | Reconnaissance patrols reported that Dograi was well fortified with pillboxes and buildings in the built-up region to cover all axes. The Pakistani infantry battalion had placed two Light Machine Guns in each infantry section, and the assaulting Indian forces were expecting to confront a lot of resistance. Heavy mining and wires also made the approaches extremely hazardous.<ref name="IDSA"/> | ||
==The battle== | ==The battle== | ||
The 3 Jat battalion advanced at night on the flanks of the Pakistani position and launched its attack. | The 3 Jat battalion advanced at night on the flanks of the Pakistani position and launched its attack. Despite the unexpected attack taking Pakistani troops by surprise, fighting was intense and fierce, initially with guns and grenades, and then with bayonets and finally with bare hands. After 27 hours of nonstop combat and flushing out operations, the Pakistani troops surrendered and abandoned the position.<ref name="Sainik Samachar"/><ref name="Valour and Sacrifice"/> The Indian forces advanced until the eastern banks of the [[Bambawali-Ravi-Bedian Canal|Icchogil canal]], just a few hours before the UN-brokered ceasefire came into effect.<ref name="Killen">{{cite news |last= Killen|first= Patrick J|date=24 September 1965|title=Peace returns to Punjab Fields|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W0hkAAAAIBAJ&dq=Battle+of+Dograi&pg=PA1|newspaper=Wilmington Morning Star| access-date= 3 September 2022}}</ref> | ||
==Result== | |||
The battle resulted in India's capture of Dograi just a day before ceasefire was announced and was used as a valuable bargaining chip in the [[Tashkent Declaration|Tashkent negotiations]].<ref name="India Times"/> | |||
The battle is commemorated by the Indian Army as it was a battle where 550 Indian troops successfully captured a fortified position from over double the number of well entrenched defenders. | |||
The battle | For gallantry, the Indian Army awarded four [[Mahavir Chakra|MVCs]], 4 [[Vir Chakra|VrC]], 7 [[Sena Medal]]s, 12 [[Mentioned in dispatches#India|Mention in Dispatches]] and 11 COAS Commendation Cards.<ref name="Sainik Samachar"/><ref name="Valour and Sacrifice"/> | ||
==See also== | |||
[[Battle of Ichogil Bund]] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Latest revision as of 18:55, 8 December 2022
 | This article relies too much on references to primary sources. |
| Battle of Dograi | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the Lahore Front, Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
 India |
 Pakistan | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
|
 Major Asaram Tyagi † |
 Lt.Col Golwala | ||||||
| Units involved | |||||||
| Jat Regiment |
Punjab Regiment (Pakistan) Baluch Regiment | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
| 500 | 900 | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| 56 killed[1] |
308 killed[1] | ||||||
The Battle of Dograi was a military engagement from 20 to 22 September 1965, during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965. It took place in the area of Dograi village on the outskirts of Lahore in Pakistani Punjab.
Background[edit | edit source]
Dograi is a strategically important village as it is located just 15 km from Lahore, the capital of Pakistani Punjab and the 2nd largest city in Pakistan. The village being so close to Lahore gave it a high level of importance as it would be a vital bargaining chip in any territorial negotiations and exchanges after the closure of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965.[3][4]
Preliminaries[edit | edit source]
Prior to the main battle, the Indian Army's 3 Jat battalion had already tried to capture Dograi on 6 September 1965 but had to abandon its positions as they could not be reinforced due to strafing of supply lines by aircraft of the Pakistan Air Force.[3]
Between 6 September and 20 September, numerous attempts were made to capture Dograi, but were unsuccessful due to the position having been reinforced by the Pakistan Army.
On 20 September, the 3 Jat unit, consisting of over 500 men and commanded by Lt. Col. Desmond Hayde was tasked with capturing the position.[1][5]
The defending Pakistani force was composed of troops from 16 Punjab, 3 Pashtun, consisting of over 900 men. 16 Punjab was commanded by Lt. Col G.F. Golewala.[1][3][5]
Reconnaissance patrols reported that Dograi was well fortified with pillboxes and buildings in the built-up region to cover all axes. The Pakistani infantry battalion had placed two Light Machine Guns in each infantry section, and the assaulting Indian forces were expecting to confront a lot of resistance. Heavy mining and wires also made the approaches extremely hazardous.[5]
The battle[edit | edit source]
The 3 Jat battalion advanced at night on the flanks of the Pakistani position and launched its attack. Despite the unexpected attack taking Pakistani troops by surprise, fighting was intense and fierce, initially with guns and grenades, and then with bayonets and finally with bare hands. After 27 hours of nonstop combat and flushing out operations, the Pakistani troops surrendered and abandoned the position.[3][4] The Indian forces advanced until the eastern banks of the Icchogil canal, just a few hours before the UN-brokered ceasefire came into effect.[6]
Result[edit | edit source]
The battle resulted in India's capture of Dograi just a day before ceasefire was announced and was used as a valuable bargaining chip in the Tashkent negotiations.[1]
The battle is commemorated by the Indian Army as it was a battle where 550 Indian troops successfully captured a fortified position from over double the number of well entrenched defenders. For gallantry, the Indian Army awarded four MVCs, 4 VrC, 7 Sena Medals, 12 Mention in Dispatches and 11 COAS Commendation Cards.[3][4]
See also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Dabas, Maninder (20 September 2017). "The Battle Of Dograi - When The 3 Jat Battalion Sealed The Victory For India In The 1965 War". India Times.
- ↑ Brian Cloughly. "50 Years Ago in Lahore and Sialkot". Hilal-ISPR.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 "Golden Jubilee of 1965 War, The Battle of Dograi". Sainik Samachar, Govt of India.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Gautam Sharma (1990). Valour and Sacrifice: Famous Regiments of the Indian Army. 171: Allied Publishers. p. 319. ISBN 9788170231400.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link) - ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 "Indian Army's Continuity and Transformation Through the Prism of the Battle of Dograi" (PDF). Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses.
- ↑ Killen, Patrick J (24 September 1965). "Peace returns to Punjab Fields". Wilmington Morning Star. Retrieved 3 September 2022.