QRSAM: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Indian surface-to-air missile}}
{{Short description|Indian surface-to-air missile}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox weapon
{{Infobox weapon
| name = QRSAM
| name = QRSAM
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| is_missile = yes
| is_missile = yes
| is_UK = <!-- Service history -->
| is_UK = <!-- Service history -->
| service = 2020-present
| service =  
| used_by =  
| used_by =  
| wars = <!-- Production history -->
| wars = <!-- Production history -->
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| manufacturer = [[Bharat Dynamics Limited]]
| manufacturer = [[Bharat Dynamics Limited]]
| unit_cost =  
| unit_cost =  
| production_date = 2021<ref name="THDec20"/>
| production_date = In Trials
| number =  
| number =  
| variants = <!-- General specifications -->
| variants = <!-- General specifications -->
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| head_type =  
| head_type =  
| haft_type = <!-- Explosive specifications -->
| haft_type = <!-- Explosive specifications -->
| filling = Pre-[[Fragmentation (weaponry)|fragmented]] warhead
| filling = [[HMX]]/[[TNT]], pre-[[Fragmentation (weaponry)|fragmented]]  
| filling_weight = {{convert|32|kg|lb|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite web |title=DRDO Technology Focus : Warhead for Missiles, Torpedoes and Rockets |url=https://www.drdo.gov.in/sites/default/files/technology-focus-documrnt/TF_May-Jun_2018_web.pdf |website=Defence Research and Development Organisation |publisher=Ministry of Defence |access-date=22 December 2021}}</ref>
| filling_weight = {{convert|32|kg|lb|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite web |title=DRDO Technology Focus : Warhead for Missiles, Torpedoes and Rockets |url=https://www.drdo.gov.in/sites/default/files/technology-focus-documrnt/TF_May-Jun_2018_web.pdf |website=Defence Research and Development Organisation |publisher=Ministry of Defence |access-date=22 December 2021}}</ref>
| detonation = [[Proximity fuze|Optical proximity fuze]]
| detonation = [[Proximity fuze|Optical proximity fuze]]
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| clearance =  
| clearance =  
| fuel_capacity =  
| fuel_capacity =  
| vehicle_range = Missile: {{cvt|3|km}} - {{cvt|30|km}} <br/> Launcher: ~800 km
| vehicle_range = Missile: {{cvt|3|km|feet}} - {{cvt|30|km}}<ref>{{Cite news |last=Peri |first=Dinakar |date=2020-12-06 |title=Indigenous quick reaction air defence system to be ready for production next year |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/indigenous-quick-reaction-air-defence-system-to-be-ready-for-production-next-year/article33260806.ece |access-date=2022-06-30 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
| speed = [[Mach number|Mach]] 4.7
| speed = [[Mach number|Mach]] 4.7
| guidance = '''Mid-course:''' [[Inertial navigation system]] with two way [[datalink]] <br/>'''Terminal:''' [[Active radar homing]]
| guidance = '''Mid-course:''' [[Inertial navigation system]] with two way [[datalink]] <br/>'''Terminal:''' [[Active radar homing]]
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| propellant = [[Solid fuel]]
| propellant = [[Solid fuel]]
| ceiling =  
| ceiling =  
| altitude = {{cvt|30|m}} - {{cvt|10|km}}
| altitude = {{cvt|30|m|feet}} - {{cvt|10|km|feet}}<ref>{{Cite news |last=Peri |first=Dinakar |date=2020-12-06 |title=Indigenous quick reaction air defence system to be ready for production next year |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/indigenous-quick-reaction-air-defence-system-to-be-ready-for-production-next-year/article33260806.ece |access-date=2022-06-30 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
| boost =  
| boost =  
| depth =  
| depth =  
| accuracy =  
| accuracy = 90% - 95%
| launch_platform = 6 tube launcher mounted on 8 x 8 [[Ashok Leyland]] or [[Tata Motors]] heavy mobility vehicles<ref name="THDec20"/>
| launch_platform = 6 tube launcher mounted on 8 x 8 [[Ashok Leyland]] or [[Tata Motors]] heavy mobility vehicles<ref name="THDec20"/>
| Range Launcher: ~800 km
| transport =
| transport =
<!-- For all -->| ref = <ref name="DRDO">{{Cite web|title=QRSAM|url=https://www.drdo.gov.in/qrsam|website=www.drdo.gov.in|access-date=2020-12-07}}</ref><ref name="addr-3may16">{{cite magazine |last1=Menon |first1=Jay |title=India to develop Quick-Reaction SAM |journal=Aerospace Daily & Defense Report |date=3 May 2016 |page=4 |publisher=Aviation Week |issn=1553-8591}}</ref><ref name="complete"/><ref>{{cite web|title=QRSAM again successfully test-fired|url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2019/state-editions/qrsam-again-successfully-test-fired---.html|website=[[The Pioneer (India)|The Pioneer]]|date=24 December 2019|access-date=25 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiandefensenews.in/2020/11/india-wraps-development-trials-for.html|title= India Wraps Development Trials For QRSAM Missile That Can Shoot Plane 30 Km Away |access-date=15 November 2020}}</ref>
<!-- For all -->| ref = <ref name="DRDO">{{Cite web|title=QRSAM|url=https://www.drdo.gov.in/qrsam|website=www.drdo.gov.in|access-date=2020-12-07}}</ref><ref name="addr-3may16">{{cite magazine |last1=Menon |first1=Jay |title=India to develop Quick-Reaction SAM |journal=Aerospace Daily & Defense Report |date=3 May 2016 |page=4 |publisher=Aviation Week |issn=1553-8591}}</ref><ref name="complete"/><ref>{{cite web|title=QRSAM again successfully test-fired|url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2019/state-editions/qrsam-again-successfully-test-fired---.html|website=[[The Pioneer (India)|The Pioneer]]|date=24 December 2019|access-date=25 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiandefensenews.in/2020/11/india-wraps-development-trials-for.html|title= India Wraps Development Trials For QRSAM Missile That Can Shoot Plane 25 Km Away |access-date=15 November 2022}}</ref>
}}
}}
'''Quick Reaction Surface-to-Air Missile''' ('''QRSAM''') is a [[surface-to-air missile|missile]] developed by the [[Defence Research and Development Organisation]] (DRDO), [[Bharat Electronics Limited]] and [[Bharat Dynamics Limited]] for the [[Indian Army]],<ref name="jdw-6jun17"/> meant for protecting moving armoured columns from aerial attacks.<ref name="DRDO"/>
'''Quick Reaction Surface-to-Air Missile''' ('''QRSAM''') is a [[surface-to-air missile|missile]] developed by the [[Defence Research and Development Organisation]] (DRDO), [[Bharat Electronics Limited]] and [[Bharat Dynamics Limited]] for the [[Indian Army]],<ref name="jdw-6jun17"/> meant for protecting moving armoured columns from aerial attacks.<ref name="DRDO"/>
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== History ==
== History ==
As a part of a replacement program for its obsolete [[Osa-AK]] and [[2K12 Kub|Kvadrat]] missile systems, Indian Army received a go-ahead to initiate a global acquisition program for quick-reaction surface-to-air missiles from the [[Ministry of Defence (India)|Ministry of Defence]] in September 2007.<ref name="addr-3may16"/> The acquisition program faced multiple issues, including poor response from vendors and re-tendering to avoid single source acquisition.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Raghuvanshi |first1=Vivek |title=Indian Army Seeks New Source of Surface-to-Air Missile Defense System |url=https://www.defensenews.com/home/2016/04/06/indian-army-seeks-new-source-of-surface-to-air-missile-defense-system/ |work=Defense News |date=8 August 2017}}</ref> In the meanwhile, a DRDO project to develop quick-reaction surface-to-air missiles was sanctioned in July 2014 with a budget of {{INRConvert|476.43|c|year=2014}}.<ref>{{cite press release |title=DRDO Projects |url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=158007 |publisher=Press Information Bureau |date=3 February 2017}}</ref> The missile was developed in association with [[Bharat Electronics Limited]] and [[Bharat Dynamics Limited]] with both firms participating in development and manufacturing.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ghaswalla |first1=Amrita Nair |title=BEL's research spend up 10% of revenue |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/bels-research-spend-up-10-of-revenue/article9610597.ece |work=The Hindu Business Line |publisher=The Hindu Group |date=31 March 2017 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Rao |first1=Sushil |title=Quick Reaction Missile to be developed by BDL and DRDO |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/science/Quick-Reaction-Missile-to-be-developed-by-BDL-and-DRDO/articleshow/52054713.cms |work=The Times of India |publisher=The Times Group |date=30 April 2016}}</ref> In 2017, Indian Army's global acquisition program was dropped in favour of the locally developed QRSAM.{{citation needed|date=February 2020}}
As a part of a replacement program for its obsolete [[Osa-AK]] and [[2K12 Kub|Kvadrat]] missile systems, Indian Army received a go-ahead to initiate a global acquisition program for quick-reaction surface-to-air missiles from the [[Ministry of Defence (India)|Ministry of Defence]] in September 2007.<ref name="addr-3may16"/> The acquisition program faced multiple issues, including poor response from vendors and re-tendering to avoid single source acquisition.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Raghuvanshi |first1=Vivek |title=Indian Army Seeks New Source of Surface-to-Air Missile Defense System |url=https://www.defensenews.com/home/2016/04/06/indian-army-seeks-new-source-of-surface-to-air-missile-defense-system/ |work=Defense News |date=8 August 2022}}</ref> In the meanwhile, a DRDO project to develop quick-reaction surface-to-air missiles was sanctioned in July 2014 with a budget of {{INRConvert|476.43|c|year=2022}}.<ref>{{cite press release |title=DRDO Projects |url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=158007 |publisher=Press Information Bureau |date=3 February 2022}}</ref> The missile was developed in association with [[Bharat Electronics Limited]] and [[Bharat Dynamics Limited]] with both firms participating in development and manufacturing.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ghaswalla |first1=Amrita Nair |title=BEL's research spend up 10% of revenue |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/bels-research-spend-up-10-of-revenue/article9610597.ece |work=The Hindu Business Line |publisher=The Hindu Group |date=31 March 2017 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Rao |first1=Sushil |title=Quick Reaction Missile to be developed by BDL and DRDO |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/science/Quick-Reaction-Missile-to-be-developed-by-BDL-and-DRDO/articleshow/52054713.cms |work=The Times of India |publisher=The Times Group |date=30 April 2022}}</ref> In 2017, Indian Army's global acquisition program was dropped in favour of the locally developed QRSAM.{{citation needed|date=February 2022}}


The operational version meanwhile is awaiting production in mid-2021 after use trials.<ref name="THDec20"/>
The operational version meanwhile is awaiting production in mid-2021 after use trials.<ref name="THDec20"/>


== Description ==
== Description ==
This missile is an all-weather, all-terrain [[surface-to-air missile]] equipped with [[Electronic countermeasure|electronic counter measures]] against jamming by aircraft [[radar]]s. The missile can be mounted on a truck and is stored in a canister. QRSAM uses [[Solid-propellant rocket|solid-fuel propellant]] and has a range of 25–30&nbsp;km.<ref name="jdw-6jun17">{{Cite web|last=Bedi|first=Rahul|url=http://www.janes.com/article/71161/indian-drdo-designed-qrsam-successfully-tested|title=Indian DRDO-designed QRSAM successfully tested|date=6 June 2017|work=IHS Jane's Defence Weekly|publisher=Jane's Information Group|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606141337/http://www.janes.com/article/71161/indian-drdo-designed-qrsam-successfully-tested|archive-date=6 June 2017}}</ref> The single-staged missile utilized by the system is propelled using [[Solid-propellant rocket|solid propellants]]. The missile is equipped with a midcourse [[inertial navigation system]] with a two-way data link and a [[DRDO]]-developed terminal active seeker. The missile uses [[Proximity fuze|optical proximity fuze]] to increase accuracy and defend itself from jamming.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Peri |first1=Dinakar |title=Indigenous quick reaction air defence system to be ready for production next year |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/indigenous-quick-reaction-air-defence-system-to-be-ready-for-production-next-year/article33260806.ece |access-date=9 December 2020 |work=The Hindu |date=6 December 2020}}</ref> The system has the capability to search and track targets while moving with six missiles that can be fired for six different type of targets.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetailm.aspx?PRID=1597212|title=Quick Reaction Surface to Air Missile successfully flight-tested off Odisha coast|date=23 December 2019|website=[[Ministry of Defence (India)|Ministry of Defence]]|via=[[Press Information Bureau]]|access-date=23 December 2019}}</ref>
It's a compact and highly mobile [[air defence system]] system mounted on [[Ashok Leyland Defence Systems]] 8x8 truck, designed to provide 360 degree defence coverage. The [[transporter erector launcher]] (TEL) of the system is developed by [[Larsen & Toubro]], while missiles are manufactured by [[Bharat Dynamics Limited]]. Each launcher has 6 missiles and can target 6 different targets.<ref name="THDec20" /> The QRSAM has [[electronic counter-countermeasure]] capabilities to remain immune to [[Radar jamming and deception|jamming]].<ref name="jdw-6jun17">{{Cite web|last=Bedi|first=Rahul|url=http://www.janes.com/article/71161/indian-drdo-designed-qrsam-successfully-tested|title=Indian DRDO-designed QRSAM successfully tested|date=6 June 2017|work=IHS Jane's Defence Weekly|publisher=Jane's Information Group|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606141337/http://www.janes.com/article/71161/indian-drdo-designed-qrsam-successfully-tested|archive-date=6 June 2022}}</ref> The single-staged missile utilized by the system is propelled using [[Solid-propellant rocket|solid propellants]]. The missile is equipped with a midcourse [[inertial navigation system]] with a two-way data link and a [[DRDO]]-developed terminal active radar seeker.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-17 |title=DRDO surface-to-air missile shoots down aerial target in latest test |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/drdo-surface-to-air-missile-shoots-down-aerial-target-in-latest-test/story-XjnHy11SCLkMO7hZ724eHL.html |access-date=2022-06-30 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> The missile has laser [[proximity fuze]] developed by [[Instruments Research and Development Establishment]], to increase accuracy and reduces its susceptibility to jamming.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Peri |first1=Dinakar |title=Indigenous quick reaction air defence system to be ready for production next year |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/indigenous-quick-reaction-air-defence-system-to-be-ready-for-production-next-year/article33260806.ece |access-date=9 December 2020 |work=The Hindu |date=6 December 2022}}</ref> The system has the capability to search and track targets while moving.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetailm.aspx?PRID=1597212|title=Quick Reaction Surface to Air Missile successfully flight-tested off Odisha coast|date=23 December 2019|website=[[Ministry of Defence (India)|Ministry of Defence]]|via=[[Press Information Bureau]]|access-date=23 December 2022}}</ref>


QRSAM is a compact weapon system and is mobile. It has a fully automated Command and Control System. The missile system comprises two four-walled [[radar]]s both of which encompass a 360-degree coverage, namely, the Active Array Battery Surveillance Radar and the Active Array Battery Multifunction Radar, apart from the launcher.<ref name=":0" />  
Its [[command and control]] system, target acquisition and fire control are fully automated.<ref name="THDec20" /><ref name=":0" /> The surveillance and fire control radars developed by [[Bharat Electronics Limited]], namely, the ''Active Array Battery Surveillance Radar'' and the ''Active Array Battery Multifunction Radar'' are four walled, configured to provide 360 degree coverage.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="THDec20" /> The QRSAM has a maximum range of {{cvt|30|km}} and can intercept targets flying at {{cvt|10|km}} altitude. According to DRDO, currently the QRSAM has 90% indigenous component, which is projected to increase 99% incrementally.<ref name="THDec20">{{Cite news|last=Peri|first=Dinakar|date=2020-12-06|title=Indigenous quick reaction air defence system to be ready for production next year|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/indigenous-quick-reaction-air-defence-system-to-be-ready-for-production-next-year/article33260806.ece|location=New Delhi|newspaper=The Hindu|access-date=2020-12-07}}</ref>
With a range of {{cvt|30|km}} and ability to intercept a target flying high as {{cvt|10|km}}, QRSAM possesses over 90% Indian made subsystems which will reach 99% incrementally.<ref name="THDec20">{{Cite news|last=Peri|first=Dinakar|date=2020-12-06|title=Indigenous quick reaction air defence system to be ready for production next year|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/indigenous-quick-reaction-air-defence-system-to-be-ready-for-production-next-year/article33260806.ece|location=New Delhi|newspaper=The Hindu|access-date=2020-12-07}}</ref>


== Testing ==
== Testing ==
[[File:QRSAM tested on 23 December 2019.jpg|thumb|QRSAM fired from a mobile launcher on 23 December 2019 during its final developmental trial.<ref name=complete/>]]
[[File:QRSAM test.webm|thumb|QRSAM test with live warhead on 17 November 2020. ]]
The first test firing of the missile took place on 4 June 2017. This was followed by the second successful test on 3 July 2017.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/quick-reaction-surface-to-air-missile-successfully-test-fired-4733819/|title=Quick Reaction Surface-to-Air Missile successfully test fired|date=3 July 2017|work=The Indian Express|agency=Press Trust of India|access-date=23 December 2017|language=en-US}}</ref>  The test was conducted from Chandipur, Odisha. Around 100  scientists are working as part of the missile development program led by [[Defence Research and Development Laboratory]] (DRDL). DRDO's other labs including [[Research Centre Imarat]] (RCI), [[Research & Development Establishment (Engineers)]] (R&DE(E)) and [[Integrated Test Range]] (ITR) are also contributing to the missile development effort.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/india/drdo-s-quick-reaction-missile-hits-target-in-30-seconds-1.2059244|title=DRDO's quick reaction missile hits target in 30 seconds|work=Mathrubhumi|date=3 July 2017|access-date=23 December 2017}}</ref> On 22 December, the missile was test fired for the third time. The test was reported to be a success.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Rout|first=Hemant Kumar|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2017/dec/23/drdos-homegrown-quick-reaction-missile-qrsam-successfully-test-fired-off-odisha-coast-1734849.html|title=DRDO's homegrown quick reaction missile QRSAM successfully test fired off Odisha coast|work=The New Indian Express|date=23 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Pubby |first1=Manu |title=Setback for Indian missile programme: Two failures in a week, submarine version stuck |url=https://theprint.in/report/setback-for-indian-missile-programme-two-failures-in-a-week-submarine-version-stuck/24671/ |work=The Print |date=24 December 2017}}</ref> The fourth test took place on 8 October 2018 and was reported to be successful.<ref>{{cite news |title=DRDO testfires quick reaction missile off Odisha coast |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2018/oct/10/drdo-testfires-quick-reaction-missile-off-odisha-coast-1883553.html |work=The New Indian Express |date=10 October 2018}}</ref> Fifth test was successfully performed on 26 February 2019.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://pib.nic.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1566363#|title=Twin Success for Quick Reaction Surface-to-Air Missile|newspaper=Press Information Bureau|date=26 February 2019|access-date=26 February 2019}}</ref> The sixth test was conducted on 4 August 2019 at 11:05 am from a mobile truck-based launcher at the launch complex-3 of the Integrated Test Range (ITR) at Chandipur.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/india-test-fires-quick-reaction-surface-to-air-missile/articleshow/70520608.cms|title=India test-fires Quick Reaction Surface-to-Air Missile|date=2019-08-04|work=The Economic Times|access-date=2019-08-05}}</ref> The seventh-test took place on 23 December 2019 from [[Abdul Kalam Island]], which included two firings of the missile. With this test, the development of the missile was declared complete.<ref name="complete">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/quick-reaction-surface-to-air-missile-completes-development-trials/article30382246.ece|title=Quick Reaction Surface to Air Missile completes development trials|date=2019-12-23|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-12-23|others=Special Correspondent|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
The first test firing of the missile took place on 4 June 2017. This was followed by the second successful test on 3 July 2017.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/quick-reaction-surface-to-air-missile-successfully-test-fired-4733819/|title=Quick Reaction Surface-to-Air Missile successfully test fired|date=3 July 2017|work=The Indian Express|agency=Press Trust of India|access-date=23 December 2017|language=en-US}}</ref>  The test was conducted from Chandipur, Odisha. Around 100  scientists are working as part of the missile development program led by [[Defence Research and Development Laboratory]] (DRDL). DRDO's other labs including [[Research Centre Imarat]] (RCI), [[Research & Development Establishment (Engineers)]] (R&DE(E)) and [[Integrated Test Range]] (ITR) are also contributing to the missile development effort.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/india/drdo-s-quick-reaction-missile-hits-target-in-30-seconds-1.2059244|title=DRDO's quick reaction missile hits target in 30 seconds|work=Mathrubhumi|date=3 July 2017|access-date=23 December 2022}}</ref> On 22 December, the missile was test fired for the third time. The test was reported to be a success.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Rout|first=Hemant Kumar|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2017/dec/23/drdos-homegrown-quick-reaction-missile-qrsam-successfully-test-fired-off-odisha-coast-1734849.html|title=DRDO's homegrown quick reaction missile QRSAM successfully test fired off Odisha coast|work=The New Indian Express|date=23 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Pubby |first1=Manu |title=Setback for Indian missile programme: Two failures in a week, submarine version stuck |url=https://theprint.in/report/setback-for-indian-missile-programme-two-failures-in-a-week-submarine-version-stuck/24671/ |work=The Print |date=24 December 2022}}</ref> The fourth test took place on 8 October 2018 and was reported to be successful.<ref>{{cite news |title=DRDO testfires quick reaction missile off Odisha coast |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2018/oct/10/drdo-testfires-quick-reaction-missile-off-odisha-coast-1883553.html |work=The New Indian Express |date=10 October 2022}}</ref> Fifth test was successfully performed on 26 February 2019.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://pib.nic.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1566363#|title=Twin Success for Quick Reaction Surface-to-Air Missile|newspaper=Press Information Bureau|date=26 February 2019|access-date=26 February 2022}}</ref> The sixth test was conducted on 4 August 2019 at 11:05 am from a mobile truck-based launcher at the launch complex-3 of the Integrated Test Range (ITR) at Chandipur.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/india-test-fires-quick-reaction-surface-to-air-missile/articleshow/70520608.cms|title=India test-fires Quick Reaction Surface-to-Air Missile|date=2019-08-04|work=The Economic Times|access-date=2019-08-05}}</ref> The seventh-test took place on 23 December 2019 from [[Abdul Kalam Island]], which included two firings of the missile. With this test, the development of the missile was declared complete.<ref name="complete">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/quick-reaction-surface-to-air-missile-completes-development-trials/article30382246.ece|title=Quick Reaction Surface to Air Missile completes development trials|date=2019-12-23|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-12-23|others=Special Correspondent|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>


On 13 November 2020, DRDO successfully conducted test fire of the system and achieved a major milestone by a direct hit on to a [[Meggitt Banshee|Banshee]] pilot-less target aircraft at medium range and medium altitude.<ref>{{Cite news|last=|date=2020-11-14|title=DRDO successfully test-fires Quick Reaction Surface to Air Missile system|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/drdo-successfully-test-fires-quick-reaction-surface-to-air-missile-system-120111400264_1.html|access-date=2021-12-22}}</ref>
On 13 November 2020, DRDO successfully conducted test fire of the system and achieved a major milestone by a direct hit on to a [[Meggitt Banshee|Banshee]] pilot-less target aircraft at medium range and medium altitude.<ref>{{Cite news|last=|date=2020-11-14|title=DRDO successfully test-fires Quick Reaction Surface to Air Missile system|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/drdo-successfully-test-fires-quick-reaction-surface-to-air-missile-system-120111400264_1.html|access-date=2021-12-22}}</ref>


On 17 November 2020, DRDO successfully test-fired the missile with a live warhead for the first time. The missile managed to hit and bring down an unmanned target vehicle at medium range and altitude.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/article/india-successfully-test-fires-quick-reaction-surface-to-air-missile-air-defence-system/682896|title=Second successful flight test of Quick Reaction Surface to Air Missile air defence system conducted|work=Times now digital}}</ref>
On 17 November 2020, DRDO successfully test-fired QRSAM with live warhead for the first time to check performance parameter of various subsystem. The integrated radar did tracking and target acquisition while mission computer managed automatic launch sequence. Upon missile launch, two way datalink was successfully established and helped activate radar homing guidance at terminal phase. Warhead activation and detonation was achieved when the target was close enough for destruction. The missile managed to hit and bring down an unmanned target vehicle at medium range and altitude.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-18 |title=Second trial of QRSAM proves DRDO warhead's capabilities |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-successfully-test-fires-qrsam-for-second-time-7055028/ |access-date=2022-05-22 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
 
Six flight tests were completed on 8 September 2022 off the Odisha coast, where QRSAM managed to intercept high speed maneuvering aerial targets with pin point accuracy under long-range medium altitude and short-range high altitude conditions in quick succession salvo firing. The tests were carried out in final deployment configuration with all indigenously developed subsystems including missile with radio-frequency seeker, mobile launcher, automated command and control system, surveillance and multi-function radars.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2022-09-08 |title=DRDO, Indian Army test-fires Quick Reaction Surface to Air Missile system today |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/drdo-indian-army-test-fires-quick-reaction-surface-to-air-missile-system-today-11662616656699.html |access-date=2022-09-08 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref>
 
On 22 September 2022, it was reported by [[The Economic Times]], that deficiencies were observed regarding the mobility, surveillance, detection and firing capability of the system. According to unnamed sources, the system failed to detect and engage hovering helicopters at low altitude and minimum range. There was no official confirmation from [[Indian Army]] or [[Ministry of Defence (India)|Ministry of Defence]] but according to DRDO, all the tests conducted in September 2022 were successful.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pubby |first1=Manu |date=22 September 2022 |title=Quick reaction missile induction to be delayed; deficiencies found during trials |newspaper=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/quick-reaction-missile-induction-to-be-delayed-deficiencies-found-during-trials/articleshow/94383051.cms}}</ref>


== See also ==
== See also ==
{{Portal|India|Rocketry}}
*[[Trishul (missile)|Trishul]]
*[[Trishul (missile)|Trishul]]
*[[Maitri (missile)|Maitri]]
*[[Maitri (missile)|Maitri]]
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[[Category:Post–Cold War weapons of India]]
[[Category:Post–Cold War weapons of India]]
[[Category:21st-century surface-to-air missiles]]
[[Category:21st-century surface-to-air missiles]]
[[Category:Military equipment introduced in the 2020s]]
'''Technical:'''
'''Technical:'''
* [https://www.drdo.gov.in/sites/default/files/technology-focus-documrnt/TF_May-Jun_2018_web.pdf DRDO Technology Focus : Warhead for Missiles, Torpedoes and Rockets]
* [https://www.drdo.gov.in/sites/default/files/technology-focus-documrnt/TF_May-Jun_2018_web.pdf DRDO Technology Focus : Warhead for Missiles, Torpedoes and Rockets]

Revision as of 22:53, 4 November 2022


QRSAM
Second test of DRDO QRSAM (cropped).jpg
QRSAM during its second flight test
TypeSurface-to-air missile
Place of originIndia
Production history
DesignerDefence Research and Development Organisation
ManufacturerBharat Dynamics Limited
ProducedIn Trials
Specifications
WarheadHMX/TNT, pre-fragmented
Warhead weight32 kg (71 lb)[1]
Detonation
mechanism
Optical proximity fuze
PropellantSolid fuel
Operational
range
Missile: 3 km (9,800 ft) - 30 km (19 mi)[2]
Flight altitude30 m (98 ft) - 10 km (33,000 ft)[3]
Maximum speed Mach 4.7
Guidance
system
Mid-course: Inertial navigation system with two way datalink
Terminal: Active radar homing
Accuracy90% - 95%
Launch
platform
6 tube launcher mounted on 8 x 8 Ashok Leyland or Tata Motors heavy mobility vehicles[4]
References[5][6][7][8][9]

Quick Reaction Surface-to-Air Missile (QRSAM) is a missile developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Bharat Electronics Limited and Bharat Dynamics Limited for the Indian Army,[10] meant for protecting moving armoured columns from aerial attacks.[5]

QRSAM has a fully automated Command and Control System. The missile system possesses two four-walled radars both of which encompass a 360-degree coverage, namely, the Active Array Battery Surveillance Radar and the Active Array Battery Multifunction Radar, apart from the launcher while Laser proximity fuze ensures that missile can't be jammed.

History

As a part of a replacement program for its obsolete Osa-AK and Kvadrat missile systems, Indian Army received a go-ahead to initiate a global acquisition program for quick-reaction surface-to-air missiles from the Ministry of Defence in September 2007.[6] The acquisition program faced multiple issues, including poor response from vendors and re-tendering to avoid single source acquisition.[11] In the meanwhile, a DRDO project to develop quick-reaction surface-to-air missiles was sanctioned in July 2014 with a budget of ₹476.43 crore (US$55 million).[12] The missile was developed in association with Bharat Electronics Limited and Bharat Dynamics Limited with both firms participating in development and manufacturing.[13][14] In 2017, Indian Army's global acquisition program was dropped in favour of the locally developed QRSAM.[citation needed]

The operational version meanwhile is awaiting production in mid-2021 after use trials.[4]

Description

It's a compact and highly mobile air defence system system mounted on Ashok Leyland Defence Systems 8x8 truck, designed to provide 360 degree defence coverage. The transporter erector launcher (TEL) of the system is developed by Larsen & Toubro, while missiles are manufactured by Bharat Dynamics Limited. Each launcher has 6 missiles and can target 6 different targets.[4] The QRSAM has electronic counter-countermeasure capabilities to remain immune to jamming.[10] The single-staged missile utilized by the system is propelled using solid propellants. The missile is equipped with a midcourse inertial navigation system with a two-way data link and a DRDO-developed terminal active radar seeker.[15] The missile has laser proximity fuze developed by Instruments Research and Development Establishment, to increase accuracy and reduces its susceptibility to jamming.[16] The system has the capability to search and track targets while moving.[17]

Its command and control system, target acquisition and fire control are fully automated.[4][17] The surveillance and fire control radars developed by Bharat Electronics Limited, namely, the Active Array Battery Surveillance Radar and the Active Array Battery Multifunction Radar are four walled, configured to provide 360 degree coverage.[17][4] The QRSAM has a maximum range of 30 km (19 mi) and can intercept targets flying at 10 km (6.2 mi) altitude. According to DRDO, currently the QRSAM has 90% indigenous component, which is projected to increase 99% incrementally.[4]

Testing

QRSAM test with live warhead on 17 November 2020.

The first test firing of the missile took place on 4 June 2017. This was followed by the second successful test on 3 July 2017.[18] The test was conducted from Chandipur, Odisha. Around 100 scientists are working as part of the missile development program led by Defence Research and Development Laboratory (DRDL). DRDO's other labs including Research Centre Imarat (RCI), Research & Development Establishment (Engineers) (R&DE(E)) and Integrated Test Range (ITR) are also contributing to the missile development effort.[19] On 22 December, the missile was test fired for the third time. The test was reported to be a success.[20][21] The fourth test took place on 8 October 2018 and was reported to be successful.[22] Fifth test was successfully performed on 26 February 2019.[23] The sixth test was conducted on 4 August 2019 at 11:05 am from a mobile truck-based launcher at the launch complex-3 of the Integrated Test Range (ITR) at Chandipur.[24] The seventh-test took place on 23 December 2019 from Abdul Kalam Island, which included two firings of the missile. With this test, the development of the missile was declared complete.[7]

On 13 November 2020, DRDO successfully conducted test fire of the system and achieved a major milestone by a direct hit on to a Banshee pilot-less target aircraft at medium range and medium altitude.[25]

On 17 November 2020, DRDO successfully test-fired QRSAM with live warhead for the first time to check performance parameter of various subsystem. The integrated radar did tracking and target acquisition while mission computer managed automatic launch sequence. Upon missile launch, two way datalink was successfully established and helped activate radar homing guidance at terminal phase. Warhead activation and detonation was achieved when the target was close enough for destruction. The missile managed to hit and bring down an unmanned target vehicle at medium range and altitude.[26]

Six flight tests were completed on 8 September 2022 off the Odisha coast, where QRSAM managed to intercept high speed maneuvering aerial targets with pin point accuracy under long-range medium altitude and short-range high altitude conditions in quick succession salvo firing. The tests were carried out in final deployment configuration with all indigenously developed subsystems including missile with radio-frequency seeker, mobile launcher, automated command and control system, surveillance and multi-function radars.[27]

On 22 September 2022, it was reported by The Economic Times, that deficiencies were observed regarding the mobility, surveillance, detection and firing capability of the system. According to unnamed sources, the system failed to detect and engage hovering helicopters at low altitude and minimum range. There was no official confirmation from Indian Army or Ministry of Defence but according to DRDO, all the tests conducted in September 2022 were successful.[28]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "DRDO Technology Focus : Warhead for Missiles, Torpedoes and Rockets" (PDF). Defence Research and Development Organisation. Ministry of Defence. Retrieved 22 December 2021.
  2. ↑ Peri, Dinakar (6 December 2020). "Indigenous quick reaction air defence system to be ready for production next year". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 30 June 2022.
  3. ↑ Peri, Dinakar (6 December 2020). "Indigenous quick reaction air defence system to be ready for production next year". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 30 June 2022.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Peri, Dinakar (6 December 2020). "Indigenous quick reaction air defence system to be ready for production next year". The Hindu. New Delhi. Retrieved 7 December 2020.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "QRSAM". www.drdo.gov.in. Retrieved 7 December 2020.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Menon, Jay (3 May 2016). "India to develop Quick-Reaction SAM". Aerospace Daily & Defense Report. Aviation Week. p. 4. ISSN 1553-8591.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 "Quick Reaction Surface to Air Missile completes development trials". The Hindu. Special Correspondent. 23 December 2019. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 23 December 2019.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  8. ↑ "QRSAM again successfully test-fired". The Pioneer. 24 December 2019. Retrieved 25 December 2022.
  9. ↑ "India Wraps Development Trials For QRSAM Missile That Can Shoot Plane 25 Km Away". Retrieved 15 November 2022.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Bedi, Rahul (6 June 2017). "Indian DRDO-designed QRSAM successfully tested". IHS Jane's Defence Weekly. Jane's Information Group. Archived from the original on 6 June 2022. {{cite web}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch (help)
  11. ↑ Raghuvanshi, Vivek (8 August 2022). "Indian Army Seeks New Source of Surface-to-Air Missile Defense System". Defense News.
  12. ↑ "DRDO Projects" (Press release). Press Information Bureau. 3 February 2022.
  13. ↑ Ghaswalla, Amrita Nair (31 March 2017). "BEL's research spend up 10% of revenue". The Hindu Business Line. The Hindu Group.
  14. ↑ Rao, Sushil (30 April 2022). "Quick Reaction Missile to be developed by BDL and DRDO". The Times of India. The Times Group.
  15. ↑ "DRDO surface-to-air missile shoots down aerial target in latest test". Hindustan Times. 17 November 2020. Retrieved 30 June 2022.
  16. ↑ Peri, Dinakar (6 December 2022). "Indigenous quick reaction air defence system to be ready for production next year". The Hindu. Retrieved 9 December 2020.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 "Quick Reaction Surface to Air Missile successfully flight-tested off Odisha coast". Ministry of Defence. 23 December 2019. Retrieved 23 December 2022 – via Press Information Bureau.
  18. ↑ "Quick Reaction Surface-to-Air Missile successfully test fired". The Indian Express. Press Trust of India. 3 July 2017. Retrieved 23 December 2017.
  19. ↑ "DRDO's quick reaction missile hits target in 30 seconds". Mathrubhumi. 3 July 2017. Retrieved 23 December 2022.
  20. ↑ Rout, Hemant Kumar (23 December 2022). "DRDO's homegrown quick reaction missile QRSAM successfully test fired off Odisha coast". The New Indian Express.
  21. ↑ Pubby, Manu (24 December 2022). "Setback for Indian missile programme: Two failures in a week, submarine version stuck". The Print.
  22. ↑ "DRDO testfires quick reaction missile off Odisha coast". The New Indian Express. 10 October 2022.
  23. ↑ "Twin Success for Quick Reaction Surface-to-Air Missile". Press Information Bureau. 26 February 2019. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
  24. ↑ "India test-fires Quick Reaction Surface-to-Air Missile". The Economic Times. 4 August 2019. Retrieved 5 August 2019.
  25. ↑ "DRDO successfully test-fires Quick Reaction Surface to Air Missile system". Business Standard India. 14 November 2020. Retrieved 22 December 2021.
  26. ↑ "Second trial of QRSAM proves DRDO warhead's capabilities". The Indian Express. 18 November 2020. Retrieved 22 May 2022.
  27. ↑ "DRDO, Indian Army test-fires Quick Reaction Surface to Air Missile system today". mint. 8 September 2022. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  28. ↑ Pubby, Manu (22 September 2022). "Quick reaction missile induction to be delayed; deficiencies found during trials". The Economic Times.

External links

Technical:

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