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{{Redirect|VrC}}
{{Redirect|VrC}}
{{Infobox military award
{{Cleanup bare URLs|date=September 2022}}
{{Infobox award
| name            = Vir Chakra
| name            = Vir Chakra
| image            = [[File:Vir-chakra.png|300px|Vir Chakra]]<br /><br />[[File:Vir Chakra ribbon bar.svg|150px]]  
| image            = [[File:Vir-chakra.png|300px|Vir Chakra]]<br /><br />[[File:Vir Chakra ribbon bar.svg|150px]]  
Line 20: Line 21:
| total_awarded            =  
| total_awarded            =  
| total_awarded_posthumously      =361  
| total_awarded_posthumously      =361  
| total_recipients      =1322 <small>(As of 2017)</small><ref>http://gallantryawards.gov.in/awardees-0</ref>  
| total_recipients      =1322 {{small|(As of 2017)}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://gallantryawards.gov.in/awardees-0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816111331/http://gallantryawards.gov.in/awardees-0 |archive-date=2017-08-16 |title=Awardees {{!}} Gallantry Awards}}</ref>  
| precedence_label =
| precedence_label =
| individual      =  
| individual      =  
| higher          = [[File:Ati Vishisht Seva Medal ribbon.svg|x15px]] [[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal]]<ref name=precedence>{{cite web|title=Precedence Of Medals|url=http://indianarmy.nic.in/Site/FormTemplete/frmTempSimple.aspx?MnId=zCQHR1MODtMw0EJ0MUc5CA==&ParentID=XRRy6fl/Yj1c0bK0sve+Pg==|work=indianarmy.nic.in/|publisher=Indian Army|access-date=9 September 2014}}</ref>
| higher          = [[File:Ati Vishisht Seva Medal ribbon.svg|x15px]] [[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal]]<ref name=precedence>{{cite web|title=Precedence Of Medals|url=http://indianarmy.nic.in/Site/FormTemplete/frmTempSimple.aspx?MnId=zCQHR1MODtMw0EJ0MUc5CA==&ParentID=XRRy6fl/Yj1c0bK0sve+Pg==|work=indianarmy.nic.in/|publisher=Indian Army|access-date=9 September 2022}}</ref>
| same            = [[File:Shaurya Chakra ribbon.svg|x15px]] [[Shaurya Chakra]]<ref name=precedence/>
| same            = [[File:Shaurya Chakra ribbon.svg|x15px]] [[Shaurya Chakra]]<ref name=precedence/>
| lower            = [[File:Yudh Seva Medal ribbon.svg|x15px]] [[Yudh Seva Medal]]<ref name=precedence/>
| lower            = [[File:Yudh Seva Medal ribbon.svg|x15px]] [[Yudh Seva Medal]]<ref name=precedence/>
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| caption2        =  
| caption2        =  
}}
}}
'''Vir Chakra''' is an [[India]]n wartime military bravery award presented for acts of conspicuous gallantry<ref>{{cite news |title=Vir Chakra: India’s Third Highest Gallantry Award |url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/vir-chakra-indias-third-highest-gallantry-award-1548936356-1}}</ref> in the presence of the enemy on the [[battlefield]] and is third in precedence in wartime gallantry awards and comes after the [[Param Vir Chakra]] and [[Maha Vir Chakra]].<ref>http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/Awards/awavrc.htm</ref>
'''Vir Chakra''' (pronunciation: [[Voiced labiodental approximant|ʋ]][[Close front unrounded vowel|iː]][[Alveolar tap|ɾ]][[Open central unrounded vowel|a]] [[Voiceless postalveolar affricate|tʃ]][[Open central unrounded vowel|a]][[Voiceless velar plosive|kɾa]]) is an Indian wartime military bravery award presented for acts of conspicuous gallantry<ref name="jagranjosh.com">{{cite news |title=Vir Chakra: India's Third Highest Gallantry Award |url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/vir-chakra-indias-third-highest-gallantry-award-1548936356-1}}</ref> in the presence of the enemy on the [[battlefield]] and is third in precedence in wartime gallantry awards and comes after the [[Param Vir Chakra]] and [[Maha Vir Chakra]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/Awards/awavrc.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021205055532/http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/Awards/awavrc.htm |archive-date=2002-12-05 |title=Vir Chakra}}</ref>


==Origin==
==Origin==
It was established by the President of India on 26 January 1950 (with effect from 15 August 1947). The statutes were amended on 12 January 1952 to readjust the order of wearing as new decorations were established.<ref>{{cite news |title=Vir Chakra: India’s Third Highest Gallantry Award |url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/vir-chakra-indias-third-highest-gallantry-award-1548936356-1}}</ref>
It was established by the President of India on 26 January 1950 (with effect from 15 August 1947). The statutes were amended on 12 January 1952 to readjust the order of wearing as new decorations were established.<ref name="jagranjosh.com"/>


It replaced the British [[Distinguished Service Cross (United Kingdom)|Distinguished Service Cross]] (DSC), [[Military Cross]] (MC) and [[Distinguished Flying Cross (United Kingdom)|Distinguished Flying Cross]] (DFC). Award of the decoration carries with it the right to use Vr.C. as a postnominal abbreviation (note the care to distinguish this abbreviation from that for the [[Victoria Cross]] (V.C.).
It replaced the British [[Distinguished Service Cross (United Kingdom)|Distinguished Service Cross]] (DSC), [[Military Cross]] (MC) and [[Distinguished Flying Cross (United Kingdom)|Distinguished Flying Cross]] (DFC). Award of the decoration carries with it the right to use Vr.C. as a postnominal abbreviation [note the care to distinguish this abbreviation from that for the [[Victoria Cross]] (V.C.)


==Appearance==
==Appearance==
The medal is 1-3/8&nbsp;inch circular silver medal. A five pointed star, with the [[chakra]] in the center, and, on this, the domed gilded state emblem. The decoration is named on the rim and suspended from a swiveling straight-bar suspender. The decoration is almost always named and dated on the edge. Around a plain center, two legends separated by lotus flowers; above Vir Chakra in [[Hindi]] and in [[English language|English]]. The ribbon is 32&nbsp;mm, half dark blue and half orange-saffron. Dark blue 16&nbsp;mm, saffron 16&nbsp;mm.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/MONITOR/ISSUE3-6/sandhu.html |title=Bharat Raksahk Monitor: Volume 3(6) |publisher=Bharat-rakshak.com |access-date=2013-07-10}}</ref>
The medal is 1-3/8&nbsp;inch circular silver medal. A five pointed star, with the [[chakra]] in the centre, and, on this, the domed gilded [[State Emblem of India|state emblem]]. The decoration is named on the rim and suspended from a swiveling straight-bar suspender. The decoration is almost always named and dated on the edge. Around a plain centre, two legends are separated by lotus flowers; with Vir Chakra in [[Hindi]] above and in [[English language|English]] below. The ribbon is 32&nbsp;mm, half dark blue and half orange-saffron; dark blue 16&nbsp;mm, saffron 16&nbsp;mm.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/MONITOR/ISSUE3-6/sandhu.html |title=Bharat Raksahk Monitor: Volume 3(6) |publisher=Bharat-rakshak.com |access-date=2013-07-10}}</ref>


The award carries with it a cash allowance and, in some cases, a lump sum cash award. This has been a rather controversial issue throughout the life of the decoration. From 1 February 1999, the central government set a monthly stipend of Rs. 850 for recipients of the award. In addition, many states have established individual pension rewards for the recipients of the decoration.
The award carries with it a cash allowance and, in some cases, a lump sum cash award. This has been a rather controversial issue throughout the life of the decoration. From 1 February 1999, the central government set a monthly stipend of Rs. 850 for recipients of the award. In addition, many states have established individual pension rewards for the recipients of the decoration.


==List of Vir Chakra recipients ==
== List of Vir Chakra recipients ==


A total of 1322 personals received Vir Chakra. Some of the notable Vir Chakra awardees include:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/Database/Awards/awards.php?qaward=VrC |title= Vir Chakra Awardee List |access-date=27 June 2014 |publisher=Bharat Rakshak}}</ref>
A total of 1322 personnel received Vir Chakra. Some of the notable Vir Chakra awardees include:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/Database/Awards/awards.php?qaward=VrC |title= Vir Chakra Awardee List |access-date=27 June 2014 |publisher=Bharat Rakshak}}</ref>
 
[[List of Vir Chakra award recipients (2010–2019)]]
 
[[List of Vir Chakra award recipients (2020–2029)]]


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
Line 63: Line 60:
| [[Indian Army]]
| [[Indian Army]]
| 16 Dec 1971
| 16 Dec 1971
| [[1971 Cactus Lily]]
| [[Operation Cactus Lilly]]
|-
|-
| Major
| Major
| [[Tirath Singh Oberoi]]
| [[Tirath Singh Oberoi]]
| [[Indian Army]]
| [[Indian Army]]
| 26 January, 1950
| 26 January 1950
| [[Kashmir War]]
| [[Kashmir War]]
|-
|-
Line 112: Line 109:
|07 Sep 1965
|07 Sep 1965
|[[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965|Indo-Pakistan War of 1965]]
|[[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965|Indo-Pakistan War of 1965]]
|-
|Wg Cdr
|Amar Jit Singh Sandhu
|[[Indian Air Force]]
|17 Sep 1965
|[[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965|Indo-Pakistan War of 1965]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Service Record for Wing Commander Amar Jit Singh Sandhu 4705 F(P) at Bharat Rakshak.com |url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/Database/4705 |access-date=2022-07-14 |website=Bharat Rakshak |language=en-gb}}</ref>
|-
|-
| Air Mrshl
| Air Mrshl
Line 130: Line 133:
| 01 Dec 1971
| 01 Dec 1971
| [[Operation Cactus-Lilly|Operation Cactus Lily]]
| [[Operation Cactus-Lilly|Operation Cactus Lily]]
 
|-
| Brigadier
| JK Tomar
| Indian Army
| 03 Dec 1971
| Operation Cactus Lily
|-
|-
| Lt Col
| Lt Col
Line 137: Line 145:
| 11 Dec 1971
| 11 Dec 1971
| [[Operation Cactus-Lilly|Operation Cactus Lily]]
| [[Operation Cactus-Lilly|Operation Cactus Lily]]
|-
|-
| Air Cmde
| Air Cmde
Line 144: Line 151:
| 17 Dec 1971
| 17 Dec 1971
| [[Operation Cactus-Lilly|Operation Cactus Lily]]
| [[Operation Cactus-Lilly|Operation Cactus Lily]]
|-
| Squadron Leader
| [[Ramesh Chander Kohli]]
| [[Indian Air Force]]
| 17 Dec 1971
| [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971|Multiple missions during the 1971 Indo-Pak War]]
|-
|-
| Adm
| Adm
Line 187: Line 200:
|26 Jan 1988
|26 Jan 1988
|[[Operation Pawan]]
|[[Operation Pawan]]
|-
| Flight Lieutenant
| [[Abdul Naseer Hanfee]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatimes.com/news/india/meet-vir-chakra-awardee-cap-hanfee-who-flew-his-mi-17-continuously-for-3-days-and-helped-india-win-1987-siachen-standoff-332743.html|title = Vir Chakra Awardee Capt Abdul Naseer Flew MI-17 Tirelessly to Help India Win Siachen in 1987|date = 11 November 2022}}</ref>
| [[Indian Air Force]], 128 [[HU]]
| 26 January 1989
| [[Siachen, 1987]]
|-
|-
| Captain  
| Captain  
| [[Jintu Gogoi]]
| [[Jintu Gogoi]]
| [[Indian Army]]
| [[Indian Army]], 18 [[Garhwal Rifles]]
| 15 Aug 1999
| 15 Aug 1999
| [[Operation Vijay (1999)|Operation Vijay]]
| [[Operation Vijay (1999)|Operation Vijay]]
Line 209: Line 228:
| Lt Colonel  
| Lt Colonel  
| [[Ramakrishnan Vishwanathan]]
| [[Ramakrishnan Vishwanathan]]
| Indian Army, 18 grenadiers
| Indian Army, 18 [[The Grenadiers|Grenadiers]]
| Jun 1999
| Jun 1999
| [[Battle of Tololing]], [[Kargil War]]
| [[Battle of Tololing]], [[Kargil War]]
|-
|-
|L/HAV
|L/HAV
| [[RAM KUMAR]]
| Ram Kumar
| Indian Army, 18 grenadiers
| Indian Army, 18 [[The Grenadiers|Grenadiers]]
| Jun 1999
| Jun 1999
| [[Battle of Tololing]], [[Kargil War]]<ref>{{cite web|title=L/HAV RAM KUMAR |url=https://www.gallantryawards.gov.in/Awardee/ram-kumar-2}}</ref>
| [[Battle of Tololing]], [[Kargil War]]<ref>{{cite web|title=L/HAV RAM KUMAR |url=https://www.gallantryawards.gov.in/Awardee/ram-kumar-2}}</ref>
Line 221: Line 240:
| Major
| Major
| [[Mariappan Saravanan]]
| [[Mariappan Saravanan]]
| Indian Army
| [[Indian Army]], 1 [[Bihar Regiment]]
| 15 Aug 1999
| 15 Aug 1999
| [[Operation Vijay (1999)|Operation Vijay]], [[Kargil War]]
| [[Operation Vijay (1999)|Operation Vijay]], [[Kargil War]]
Line 227: Line 246:
| Col
| Col
| [[Lalit Rai]]
| [[Lalit Rai]]
| Indian Army
|[[Indian Army]], 1/11 GR
| 15 Aug 1999
| 15 Aug 1999
| [[Operation Vijay (1999)]], [[Kargil War]]
| [[Operation Vijay (1999)]], [[Kargil War]]
Line 233: Line 252:
| Lt. Col.
| Lt. Col.
| [[Yogesh Kumar Joshi]]
| [[Yogesh Kumar Joshi]]
| Indian Army
| [[Indian Army]], 13 JAK RIF
| 15 Aug 1999
| 15 Aug 1999
| [[Operation Vijay (1999)]], [[Kargil War]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Lt Col Yogesh Kumar Joshi |url=http://gallantryawards.gov.in/Awardee/yogesh-kumar-joshi}}</ref>
| [[Operation Vijay (1999)]], [[Kargil War]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Lt Col Yogesh Kumar Joshi |url=http://gallantryawards.gov.in/Awardee/yogesh-kumar-joshi}}</ref>
|-
|Captain
|Sanjeev Singh Jamwal
|[[Indian Army]], 13 JAK RIF
|15 Aug 1999
|[[Kargil War|Operation Vijay, Kargil War]]
|-
|-
| Sepoy
| Sepoy
Line 245: Line 270:
|Captain
|Captain
|Vijyant Thapar
|Vijyant Thapar
|[[Indian Army]]
|[[Indian Army]], 2 [[Rajputana Rifles]]
|16 Dec 1999
|16 Dec 1999
|[[Kargil War|Operation Vijay, Kargil War]]
|[[Kargil War|Operation Vijay, Kargil War]]
Line 251: Line 276:
| Havildar
| Havildar
| [[Chuni Lal]]
| [[Chuni Lal]]
| Indian Army
| [[Indian Army]], 8 JAK LI
| 30 Aug 2000
| 30 Aug 2000
| [[Operation Vijay (1999)|Operation Vijay]], [[Kargil War]]
| [[Operation Vijay (1999)|Operation Vijay]], [[Kargil War]]
Line 263: Line 288:
|Sepoy
|Sepoy
|Gurtej Singh
|Gurtej Singh
|[[Indian Army]]
|[[Indian Army]], 3 Panjab Regiment
|26 Jan 2021
|26 Jan 2021
|[[2020–2021 China–India skirmishes]]
|[[2020–2021 China–India skirmishes]]
Line 274: Line 299:
* [http://twdi.in/awards?service=All&field_awards_medal_nid=359&field_awards_operation_nid=All Vir Chakra awardees], TWDI
* [http://twdi.in/awards?service=All&field_awards_medal_nid=359&field_awards_operation_nid=All Vir Chakra awardees], TWDI
* [http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/awards/war/303-vrc.html IAF Vir Chakra awardees], Bharat Rakshak
* [http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/awards/war/303-vrc.html IAF Vir Chakra awardees], Bharat Rakshak
* [http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/Database/16077]. Bharat Rakshak
* [http://www.indiatimes.com/news/india/meet-vir-chakra-awardee-cap-hanfee-who-flew-his-mi-17-continuously-for-3-days-and-helped-india-win-1987-siachen-standoff-332743.html IAF VrC]


{{Indian Military honours and decorations}}
{{Indian Military honours and decorations}}
Line 279: Line 306:


[[Category:Military awards and decorations of India]]
[[Category:Military awards and decorations of India]]
[[Category:Courage awards]]
[[Category:Awards established in 1946]]
[[Category:Awards established in 1946]]
[[Category:1950 establishments in India]]
[[Category:1950 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Vir Chakra|*]]
[[Category:Courage awards]]

Revision as of 19:55, 24 December 2022

"VrC" redirects here. For other uses, see VrC (disambiguation).
Vir Chakra
Vir Chakra

Vir Chakra and its ribbon, the third highest military decoration of India
TypeMedal
CountryIndia Republic of India
Presented byIndia Republic of India
EligibilityMilitary Personnel Only
Post-nominalsVrC
StatusCurrently Awarded
First awarded1947
Last awarded2021
Total awarded posthumously361
Total recipients1322 (As of 2017)[1]
Precedence
Next (higher) Ati Vishisht Seva Medal[2]
Equivalent Shaurya Chakra[2]
Next (lower) Yudh Seva Medal[2]

Vir Chakra (pronunciation: ʋiːɾa tʃakɾa) is an Indian wartime military bravery award presented for acts of conspicuous gallantry[3] in the presence of the enemy on the battlefield and is third in precedence in wartime gallantry awards and comes after the Param Vir Chakra and Maha Vir Chakra.[4]

Origin

It was established by the President of India on 26 January 1950 (with effect from 15 August 1947). The statutes were amended on 12 January 1952 to readjust the order of wearing as new decorations were established.[3]

It replaced the British Distinguished Service Cross (DSC), Military Cross (MC) and Distinguished Flying Cross (DFC). Award of the decoration carries with it the right to use Vr.C. as a postnominal abbreviation [note the care to distinguish this abbreviation from that for the Victoria Cross (V.C.)

Appearance

The medal is 1-3/8 inch circular silver medal. A five pointed star, with the chakra in the centre, and, on this, the domed gilded state emblem. The decoration is named on the rim and suspended from a swiveling straight-bar suspender. The decoration is almost always named and dated on the edge. Around a plain centre, two legends are separated by lotus flowers; with Vir Chakra in Hindi above and in English below. The ribbon is 32 mm, half dark blue and half orange-saffron; dark blue 16 mm, saffron 16 mm.[5]

The award carries with it a cash allowance and, in some cases, a lump sum cash award. This has been a rather controversial issue throughout the life of the decoration. From 1 February 1999, the central government set a monthly stipend of Rs. 850 for recipients of the award. In addition, many states have established individual pension rewards for the recipients of the decoration.

List of Vir Chakra recipients

A total of 1322 personnel received Vir Chakra. Some of the notable Vir Chakra awardees include:[6]

Rank Recipient Service Date
Captain TGN Pai Indian Army 26 January 1950 Kashmir War
Late Lt Col Vikram Deuskar Indian Army 16 Dec 1971 Operation Cactus Lilly
Major Tirath Singh Oberoi Indian Army 26 January 1950 Kashmir War
Brigadier Harbaksh Singh Indian Army 1 May 1948 1948 Operation Polo
Wg Cdr Krishan Kant Saini Indian Air Force 18 Nov 1962 Operation Leg Horn
Lt Gen Zorawar Chand Bakshi Indian Army 05 Aug 1965 Operation Ablaze
Wg Cdr Trevor Keelor Indian Air Force 03 Sep 1965 Operation Riddle
Flt. Lt. Virendera Singh Pathania Indian Air Force 04 Sep 1965 Operation Riddle[7]
Air Cmde Alfred Tyrone Cooke Indian Air Force 07 Sep 1965 Operation Riddle
Naib Subedar Ganesh Datt Joshi Indian Army 07 Sep 1965 Indo-Pakistan War of 1965
Wg Cdr Amar Jit Singh Sandhu Indian Air Force 17 Sep 1965 Indo-Pakistan War of 1965[8]
Air Mrshl Denzil Keelor Indian Air Force 19 Sep 1965 Operation Riddle
Lt Gen Mohammad Ahmad Zaki Indian Army 20 Sep 1965 Operation Riddle
Adm Laxminarayan Ramdass Indian Navy 01 Dec 1971 Operation Cactus Lily
Brigadier JK Tomar Indian Army 03 Dec 1971 Operation Cactus Lily
Lt Col Satish Nambiar Indian Army 11 Dec 1971 Operation Cactus Lily
Air Cmde Jasjit Singh Indian Air Force 17 Dec 1971 Operation Cactus Lily
Squadron Leader Ramesh Chander Kohli Indian Air Force 17 Dec 1971 Multiple missions during the 1971 Indo-Pak War
Adm Arun Prakash Indian Navy 21 Dec 1971 Operation Cactus Lily
Squadron Leader M A Ganapathy Indian Air force 1972 Boyra Encounter (1971)
Group Captain Donald ‘Don’ Lazarus Indian Air force 1972 Boyra Encounter (1971)

[9]

Flight Lieutenant Lawrence Frederic Pereira Indian Air Force 26 Jan 1972 Operation Cactus Lilly
Lieutenant-General Francis Tiburtius Dias Indian Army 15 August 1972 Operation Cactus Lilly
Major-General Dalvir Singh Indian Army 26 Jan 1988 Jaffna University Helidrop, Operation Pawan
Lt Commander Deepak Agarwal Indian Navy 26 Jan 1988 Operation Pawan
Flight Lieutenant Abdul Naseer Hanfee[10] Indian Air Force, 128 HU 26 January 1989 Siachen, 1987
Captain Jintu Gogoi Indian Army, 18 Garhwal Rifles 15 Aug 1999 Operation Vijay

Kargil War

Sqn Ldr Ajay Ahuja Indian Air Force 01 Jan 1999 Operation Safed Sagar, Kargil War
Col Magod Basappa Ravindranath Indian Army, 2 Rajputana Rifles 28 Jun 1999 Battle of Tololing, Kargil War
Lt Colonel Ramakrishnan Vishwanathan Indian Army, 18 Grenadiers Jun 1999 Battle of Tololing, Kargil War
L/HAV Ram Kumar Indian Army, 18 Grenadiers Jun 1999 Battle of Tololing, Kargil War[11]
Major Mariappan Saravanan Indian Army, 1 Bihar Regiment 15 Aug 1999 Operation Vijay, Kargil War
Col Lalit Rai Indian Army, 1/11 GR 15 Aug 1999 Operation Vijay (1999), Kargil War
Lt. Col. Yogesh Kumar Joshi Indian Army, 13 JAK RIF 15 Aug 1999 Operation Vijay (1999), Kargil War[12]
Captain Sanjeev Singh Jamwal Indian Army, 13 JAK RIF 15 Aug 1999 Operation Vijay, Kargil War
Sepoy Roshan Kumar Indian Army 15 Aug 1999 Operation Vijay, Kargil War
Captain Vijyant Thapar Indian Army, 2 Rajputana Rifles 16 Dec 1999 Operation Vijay, Kargil War
Havildar Chuni Lal Indian Army, 8 JAK LI 30 Aug 2000 Operation Vijay, Kargil War
Wg Cdr Abhinandan Varthaman Indian Air Force 15 Aug 2019 2019 India-Pakistan standoff
Sepoy Gurtej Singh Indian Army, 3 Panjab Regiment 26 Jan 2021 2020–2021 China–India skirmishes

References

  1. ↑ "Awardees | Gallantry Awards". Archived from the original on 2017-08-16.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "Precedence Of Medals". indianarmy.nic.in/. Indian Army. Retrieved 9 September 2022.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Vir Chakra: India's Third Highest Gallantry Award".
  4. ↑ "Vir Chakra". Archived from the original on 2002-12-05.
  5. ↑ "Bharat Raksahk Monitor: Volume 3(6)". Bharat-rakshak.com. Retrieved 2013-07-10.
  6. ↑ "Vir Chakra Awardee List". Bharat Rakshak. Retrieved 27 June 2014.
  7. ↑ "Group Captain Virendera Singh Pathania".
  8. ↑ "Service Record for Wing Commander Amar Jit Singh Sandhu 4705 F(P) at Bharat Rakshak.com". Bharat Rakshak. Retrieved 2022-07-14.
  9. ↑ https://guardingindia.com/pakistan/in-1971-the-indian-air-force-shot-down-3-pakistani-planes-within-3-minutes/
  10. ↑ "Vir Chakra Awardee Capt Abdul Naseer Flew MI-17 Tirelessly to Help India Win Siachen in 1987". 11 November 2022.
  11. ↑ "L/HAV RAM KUMAR".
  12. ↑ "Lt Col Yogesh Kumar Joshi".

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vir_Chakra&oldid=367646"
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