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{{Use Indian English|date=September | {{Short description|Indian Army regiment}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=September | {{Use Indian English|date=September 2022}} | ||
{{more citations needed|date=September | {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}} | ||
{{more citations needed|date=September 2022}} | |||
{{Infobox military unit | |||
| unit_name = Jammu and Kashmir Rifles | | unit_name = Jammu and Kashmir Rifles | ||
| image = Rgt-jkr.gif | | image = Rgt-jkr.gif | ||
| caption = Regimental Insignia of the Jammu and Kashmir Rifles | | caption = Regimental Insignia of the Jammu and Kashmir Rifles | ||
| dates = | | dates = 1821 – present | ||
| country = {{flagicon|India}} [[India]] | | country = {{flagicon|India}} [[India]] | ||
| branch = [[File:Flag of Indian Army.svg|24px]] [[Indian Army]] | | branch = [[File:Flag of Indian Army.svg|24px]] [[Indian Army]] | ||
| type = Light Infantry | | type = Light Infantry | ||
| role = [[Infantry]] | | role = [[Infantry]] | ||
| size = | | size = 22 battalions | ||
| garrison = [[Jabalpur]], [[Madhya Pradesh]] | | garrison = [[Jabalpur]], [[Madhya Pradesh]] | ||
| garrison_label = Regimental Centre | | garrison_label = Regimental Centre | ||
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| colors_label = War Cry | | colors_label = War Cry | ||
| current_commander = | | current_commander = | ||
| colonel_of_the_regiment = Lt Gen [[ | | colonel_of_the_regiment = Lt Gen [[Upendra Dwivedi]]{{Update inline||date=May 2022}} | ||
| nickname = | | nickname = | ||
| motto = ''Prashata Ranvirta''<br/>("Valour in Battle is Praiseworthy")<ref name=bharat-rakshak/> | | motto = ''Prashata Ranvirta''<br/>("Valour in Battle is Praiseworthy")<ref name=bharat-rakshak/> | ||
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| decorations = ''[[#Decorations|See below]]'' | | decorations = ''[[#Decorations|See below]]'' | ||
}} | }} | ||
The '''Jammu and Kashmir Rifles''' is an [[infantry]] [[regiment]] of the [[Indian Army]]. Its origins lay in the '''Jammu and Kashmir State Forces''' of the princely state of [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]. After the accession of the state to the [[Dominion of India|Indian Union]] in October 1947, the State Forces came under the command of the Indian Army. They remained in the original form until 1956 when [[Jammu and Kashmir Constituent Assembly]] effectively ratified the state's accession to India. Then the State Forces became the '''Jammu and Kashmir Regiment''' of the Indian Army.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Brahma Singh |first=K |url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/history-of-jammu-and-kashmir-rifles-1820-1956-the-state-force-background/oclc/21760758 |title=History of Jammu and Kashmir Rifles, 1820-1956: The state force background |publisher=Lancer International |year=1990 |isbn=978-81-7062-091-4 |location=New Delhi |pages=110, 278, 279, 290 |language=English |oclc=21760758}}</ref> In 1963, the designation was changed to Jammu and Kashmir Rifles. After the conversion, the [[Ladakh Scouts]] came under the aegis of the Regiment, where it remained until raised as a separate Regiment in 2002.<ref name=globalsecurity>{{cite web |url= http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/india/rgt-jkr.htm |title=Jammu and Kashmir Rifles |work=globalsecurity.org |year=2014 |access-date=18 February 2022}}</ref> | |||
The '''Jammu and Kashmir Rifles''' is an [[infantry]] [[regiment]] of the [[Indian Army]]. Its origins lay in the '''Jammu and Kashmir State Forces''' of the princely state of [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]. After the accession of the state to the [[Dominion of India|Indian Union]] in October 1947, the State Forces came under the command of the Indian Army. They remained in the original form until 1956 when [[Jammu and Kashmir Constituent Assembly]] effectively ratified the state's accession to India. Then the State Forces became the '''Jammu and Kashmir Regiment''' of the Indian Army.{{ | |||
==History== | ==History== | ||
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After the establishment of [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] as independent princely state under the [[British Paramountcy]] in [[Treaty of Amritsar, 1846|1846]], these troops became the '''Jammu and Kashmir State Forces'''. | After the establishment of [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] as independent princely state under the [[British Paramountcy]] in [[Treaty of Amritsar, 1846|1846]], these troops became the '''Jammu and Kashmir State Forces'''. | ||
[[File:Indian officers with captured German flag and machine gun 1917.png|thumb|Officers of 2nd Kashmir Rifles with the German flag and machine gun captured in the [[East African campaign (World War I)|Action at Lukigura River]] on 24 June 1916.]] | [[File:Indian officers with captured German flag and machine gun 1917.png|thumb|Officers of 2nd Kashmir Rifles with the German flag and machine gun captured in the [[East African campaign (World War I)|Action at Lukigura River]] on 24 June 1916.]] | ||
The Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir maintained a larger number of State Forces than any other ruler of an Indian State under the British Raj. These forces were organized into the Jammu and Kashmir Brigades. They comprised a bodyguard cavalry regiment, two mountain batteries, seven infantry battalions, one training battalions and a transport unit consisting of both pack and mechanized transport. Several of these units served with distinction on the North-West Frontier of India and overseas during the Great War.<ref name=globalsecurity/> The state forces fought as [[Imperial Service Troops]] in both the [[First World War|First]] and [[Second World War|Second]] World Wars (under their own native officers). They distinguished themselves in [[East Africa]], [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]] and [[Burma]]. | The Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir maintained a larger number of State Forces than any other ruler of an Indian State under the British Raj. These forces were organized into the Jammu and Kashmir Brigades. They comprised a bodyguard cavalry regiment, two mountain batteries, seven infantry battalions, one training battalions and a transport unit consisting of both pack and mechanized transport. Several of these units served with distinction on the North-West Frontier of India and overseas during the Great War.<ref name=globalsecurity/> The state forces fought as [[Imperial Service Troops]] in both the [[First World War|First]] and [[Second World War|Second]] World Wars (under their own native officers). They distinguished themselves in [[East Africa]], [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]] and [[Burma]]. | ||
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===Kashmir War of 1947=== | ===Kashmir War of 1947=== | ||
{{main|Indo-Pakistani War of 1947}} | {{main|Indo-Pakistani War of 1947}} | ||
During the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1947]] fought primarily in the region, over 76 officers, 31 JCOs, and 1085 Other Ranks were killed in battle. 2 Param Vir Chakra, 3 Maha Vir Chakra, 20 Vir Chakras were earned, and 52 members of the regiment Mentioned in Despatches. Later the Jammu and Kashmir State Force was absorbed en bloc into the Indian Army as a separate regiment. | |||
===Sino-Indian War of 1962=== | ===Sino-Indian War of 1962=== | ||
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==Recruitment== | ==Recruitment== | ||
Much of the Army's [[Jammu and Kashmir Light Infantry]] and Jammu and Kashmir Rifles Regiments are made of recruits from the districts of [[Jammu district|Jammu]], [[Samba district|Samba]], [[Kathua district|Kathua]], [[Udhampur district|Udhampur]], and [[Reasi]], while other districts like [[Poonch district, India|Poonch]], [[Rajouri district|Rajouri]], [[Doda district|Doda]] and [[Kishtwar district|Kishtwar]] also contribute .<ref name=globalsecurity/> Soldiers from [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[Uttarakhand]] and [[Haryana]] also contribute to the ranks. | Much of the Army's [[Jammu and Kashmir Light Infantry]] and Jammu and Kashmir Rifles Regiments are made of recruits from the districts of [[Jammu district|Jammu]], [[Samba district|Samba]], [[Kathua district|Kathua]], [[Udhampur district|Udhampur]], and [[Reasi]], while other districts like [[Poonch district, India|Poonch]], [[Rajouri district|Rajouri]], [[Doda district|Doda]] and [[Kishtwar district|Kishtwar]] also contribute .<ref name=globalsecurity/> Soldiers from [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[Uttarakhand]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Bihar]] and [[Haryana]] also contribute to the ranks. | ||
==Units== | ==Units== | ||
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* The Great War: [[Battle of Megiddo (1918)|Megiddo]], [[Battle of Sharon|Sharon]], [[Battle of Nablus (1918)|Nablus]], [[Sinai and Palestine Campaign|Palestine 1918]], [[Battle of Kilimanjaro|Kilimanjaro]], [[Battle of Behobeho|Beho Beho]], [[East African Campaign (World War I)|East Africa 1914–17]] | * The Great War: [[Battle of Megiddo (1918)|Megiddo]], [[Battle of Sharon|Sharon]], [[Battle of Nablus (1918)|Nablus]], [[Sinai and Palestine Campaign|Palestine 1918]], [[Battle of Kilimanjaro|Kilimanjaro]], [[Battle of Behobeho|Beho Beho]], [[East African Campaign (World War I)|East Africa 1914–17]] | ||
* The Second World War: [[Kennedy Peak (Burma)|Kennedy Peak]], [[Battle of Meiktila and Mandalay|Defence of Meiktila]], [[Burma Campaign|Burma 1942–45]] | * The Second World War: [[Kennedy Peak (Burma)|Kennedy Peak]], [[Battle of Meiktila and Mandalay|Defence of Meiktila]], [[Burma Campaign|Burma 1942–45]] | ||
* | * 1947-48: Ponch, Skardu, | ||
* 1965: [[Battle of Asal Uttar|Asal Uttar]], [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965|Punjab 1965]] | |||
* 1971: Shyam Ganj, [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971|East Pakistan 1971]] | * 1971: Shyam Ganj, [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971|East Pakistan 1971]] | ||
* [[Battle of Tiger Hill|Point 5140]], 4875, Rocky Knob | * 1999: [[Battle of Tiger Hill|Point 5140]], Point 4875, Rocky Knob | ||
Note: Pre-1948 honours inherited from several battalions of Kashmir State Forces. | Note: Pre-1948 honours inherited from several battalions of Jammu & Kashmir State Forces. | ||
==Decorations== | ==Decorations== | ||
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===Other Awards=== | ===Other Awards=== | ||
*2 × [[Param Vir Chakra]] | *2 × [[Param Vir Chakra]] | ||
*2 × [[Ashok Chakra Award|Ashok | *2 × [[Ashok Chakra Award|Ashok Chakra]] | ||
*1 × [[Padma Bhushan]] | *1 × [[Padma Bhushan]] | ||
*3 × [[Param Vishisht Seva Medal]]s | *3 × [[Param Vishisht Seva Medal]]s | ||
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*243 × [[Chief of the Army Staff (India)|COAS]] Commendation Cards | *243 × [[Chief of the Army Staff (India)|COAS]] Commendation Cards | ||
*101 × Army Commanders Commendation Cards<ref name=bharat-rakshak/> | *101 × Army Commanders Commendation Cards<ref name=bharat-rakshak/> | ||
* COAS Unit Citation | * COAS Unit Citation to 4 Jak Rif | ||
== | ==See also== | ||
* [[Pakistan-occupied Kashmir Regiment]] | |||
* [[Jammu and Kashmir Light Infantry]] | |||
==References== | |||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
== | ==Notes== | ||
* {{cite book |last=Rawat |first=Rachna Bisht |year=2014 |title=The Brave: Param Vir Chakra Stories |publisher=Penguin Books India Private Limited |isbn=9780143422358 }} | * {{cite book |last=Rawat |first=Rachna Bisht |year=2014 |title=The Brave: Param Vir Chakra Stories |publisher=Penguin Books India Private Limited |isbn=9780143422358 }} | ||
* {{citation |last=Singh |first=K. Brahma |title=History of Jammu and Kashmir Rifles, 1820-1956: The State Force Background |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=psTeAAAAMAAJ |year=1990 |publisher=Lancer International |isbn=978-81-7062-091-4 |ref={{sfnref|Brahma Singh, History of Jammu and Kashmir Rifles|1990}}}} | * {{citation |last=Singh |first=K. Brahma |title=History of Jammu and Kashmir Rifles, 1820-1956: The State Force Background |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=psTeAAAAMAAJ |year=1990 |publisher=Lancer International |isbn=978-81-7062-091-4 |ref={{sfnref|Brahma Singh, History of Jammu and Kashmir Rifles|1990}}}} | ||
==Further reading== | ==Further reading== | ||
* {{citation |last=Palit |first= | * {{citation |last=Palit |first=Dharitri Kumar |title=Jammu and Kashmir Arms: History of the J & K Rifles |url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/jammu-and-kashmir-arms-history-of-the-j-k-rifles/oclc/1099928567 |year=1972 |publisher=Palit & Dutt |oclc=1099928567 |ref={{sfnref|Palit, Jammu and Kashmir Arms|1972}}}} | ||
* Manju Khajuria, [https://www.dailyo.in/politics/world-war-i-dogra-regiment-sikh-battalion-jammu-and-kashmir/story/1/7215.html Why we must not forget J&K state forces who fought World War I], Daily O, 7 November 2015. | * Manju Khajuria, [https://www.dailyo.in/politics/world-war-i-dogra-regiment-sikh-battalion-jammu-and-kashmir/story/1/7215.html Why we must not forget J&K state forces who fought World War I], Daily O, 7 November 2015. | ||
*{{cite journal |title=Summary of world broadcasts. Part 3, Part 3 |page=4|journal=Summary of World Broadcasts. Part 3, Part 3 |date=1993 |issue=3012–3024 |oclc=28685680|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/summary-of-world-broadcasts-part-3-asia-pacific/oclc/28685680 |access-date=11 April 2022 |language=English |issn=1352-139X}} | |||
{{Indian Army Infantry Regiments}} | {{Indian Army Infantry Regiments}} | ||
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[[Category:Military units and formations established in the 1940s]] | [[Category:Military units and formations established in the 1940s]] | ||
[[Category:Military units and formations in Burma in World War II|R]] | [[Category:Military units and formations in Burma in World War II|R]] | ||
Revision as of 00:48, 3 December 2022
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (September 2022) |
| Jammu and Kashmir Rifles | |
|---|---|
| File:Rgt-jkr.gif Regimental Insignia of the Jammu and Kashmir Rifles | |
| Active | 1821 – present |
| Country |  India |
| Branch | Error creating thumbnail: File missing Indian Army |
| Type | Light Infantry |
| Role | Infantry |
| Size | 22 battalions |
| Regimental Centre | Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh |
| Motto(s) | Prashata Ranvirta ("Valour in Battle is Praiseworthy")[1] |
| War Cry | Durga Mata Ki Jai ("Victory to Mother Durga")[1] |
| Decorations | See below |
| Commanders | |
| Colonel of the Regiment | Lt Gen Upendra Dwivedi[needs update] |
| Insignia | |
| Regimental Insignia | An oval embracing the sun, the State emblem. The Sanskrit inscription around the sun, which cannot be read on the regimental insignia above, translates as, "Ever Victorious in War"[1] |
The Jammu and Kashmir Rifles is an infantry regiment of the Indian Army. Its origins lay in the Jammu and Kashmir State Forces of the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir. After the accession of the state to the Indian Union in October 1947, the State Forces came under the command of the Indian Army. They remained in the original form until 1956 when Jammu and Kashmir Constituent Assembly effectively ratified the state's accession to India. Then the State Forces became the Jammu and Kashmir Regiment of the Indian Army.[2] In 1963, the designation was changed to Jammu and Kashmir Rifles. After the conversion, the Ladakh Scouts came under the aegis of the Regiment, where it remained until raised as a separate Regiment in 2002.[3]
History
The Jammu and Kashmir Rifles has a unique regimental history. Its antecedents go back to the Dogra Corps raised by Raja Gulab Singh of Jammu in 1821. General Zorawar Singh led daredevil campaigns in northern areas like Ladakh, Baltistan, Gilgit, Hunza and Yagistan, consolidating smaller principalities and making the northern areas a part of the expanding dominions of Gulab Singh. He also mounted an invasion of Tibet in 1841.
After the establishment of Jammu and Kashmir as independent princely state under the British Paramountcy in 1846, these troops became the Jammu and Kashmir State Forces.
The Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir maintained a larger number of State Forces than any other ruler of an Indian State under the British Raj. These forces were organized into the Jammu and Kashmir Brigades. They comprised a bodyguard cavalry regiment, two mountain batteries, seven infantry battalions, one training battalions and a transport unit consisting of both pack and mechanized transport. Several of these units served with distinction on the North-West Frontier of India and overseas during the Great War.[3] The state forces fought as Imperial Service Troops in both the First and Second World Wars (under their own native officers). They distinguished themselves in East Africa, Palestine and Burma.
Kashmir War of 1947
During the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947 fought primarily in the region, over 76 officers, 31 JCOs, and 1085 Other Ranks were killed in battle. 2 Param Vir Chakra, 3 Maha Vir Chakra, 20 Vir Chakras were earned, and 52 members of the regiment Mentioned in Despatches. Later the Jammu and Kashmir State Force was absorbed en bloc into the Indian Army as a separate regiment.
Sino-Indian War of 1962
Two battalions of Jammu and Kashmir Rifles constituted the main fighting force of India in Aksai Chin during the Sino-Indian War of 1962. Supplemented by a battalion of the regular Indian Army, they fought "very well" according to scholar Steven Hoffman. China attacked them with a massive force of an entire division.[4]
UN Peacekeeping Operations
A Jammu and Kashmir Rifles battalion was part of the UN force in Cambodia during 1990–93.[3]
Recruitment
Much of the Army's Jammu and Kashmir Light Infantry and Jammu and Kashmir Rifles Regiments are made of recruits from the districts of Jammu, Samba, Kathua, Udhampur, and Reasi, while other districts like Poonch, Rajouri, Doda and Kishtwar also contribute .[3] Soldiers from Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Haryana also contribute to the ranks.
Units
In 1947, the force had 9 infantry battalions and a cavalry regiment. It was subsequently raised to 21 battalions. The 16th Battalion has been reassigned as 14th Battalion of the Mechanised Infantry Regiment[1]
Battle honours
- Defence of Chitral
- The Great War: Megiddo, Sharon, Nablus, Palestine 1918, Kilimanjaro, Beho Beho, East Africa 1914–17
- The Second World War: Kennedy Peak, Defence of Meiktila, Burma 1942–45
- 1947-48: Ponch, Skardu,
- 1965: Asal Uttar, Punjab 1965
- 1971: Shyam Ganj, East Pakistan 1971
- 1999: Point 5140, Point 4875, Rocky Knob
Note: Pre-1948 honours inherited from several battalions of Jammu & Kashmir State Forces.
Decorations
Param Vir Chakra
- Captain Vikram Batra (posthumous) 13th Battalion – Kargil, 1999[5]
- Rifleman Sanjay Kumar, 13th Battalion – Kargil, 1999[6]
Maha Vir Chakra
- Brigadier Rajendra Singh Jamwal, J&K Rifles – Kashmir, 1947
- Brigadier Sher Jung Thapa, 13th J&K Rifles – Skardu, 1947
Other Awards
- 2 × Param Vir Chakra
- 2 × Ashok Chakra
- 1 × Padma Bhushan
- 3 × Param Vishisht Seva Medals
- 5 × Maha Vir Chakras
- 11 × Kirti Chakras
- 4 × Ati Vishist Seva Medals
- 44 × Vir Chakras
- 46 × Shaurya Chakras
- 1 × Uttam Yudh Seva Medal
- 313 × Sena Medals
- 2 × Yudh Seva Medals
- 31 × Vishisht Seva Medals
- 52 × Mentioned in Despatches
- 243 × COAS Commendation Cards
- 101 × Army Commanders Commendation Cards[1]
- COAS Unit Citation to 4 Jak Rif
See also
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 "The Jammu and Kashmir Rifles". bharat-rakshak.com. 2014. Archived from the original on 19 February 2014. Retrieved 18 February 2014.
- ↑ Brahma Singh, K (1990). History of Jammu and Kashmir Rifles, 1820-1956: The state force background. New Delhi: Lancer International. pp. 110, 278, 279, 290. ISBN 978-81-7062-091-4. OCLC 21760758.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 "Jammu and Kashmir Rifles". globalsecurity.org. 2014. Retrieved 18 February 2022.
- ↑ Hoffmann, Steven A. (1990), India and the China Crisis, University of California Press, p. 103, ISBN 978-0-520-06537-6
- ↑ Rawat 2014, p. 264.
- ↑ Rawat 2014, p. 254.
Notes
- Rawat, Rachna Bisht (2014). The Brave: Param Vir Chakra Stories. Penguin Books India Private Limited. ISBN 9780143422358.
- Singh, K. Brahma (1990), History of Jammu and Kashmir Rifles, 1820-1956: The State Force Background, Lancer International, ISBN 978-81-7062-091-4
Further reading
- Palit, Dharitri Kumar (1972), Jammu and Kashmir Arms: History of the J & K Rifles, Palit & Dutt, OCLC 1099928567
- Manju Khajuria, Why we must not forget J&K state forces who fought World War I, Daily O, 7 November 2015.
- "Summary of world broadcasts. Part 3, Part 3". Summary of World Broadcasts. Part 3, Part 3 (3012–3024): 4. 1993. ISSN 1352-139X. OCLC 28685680. Retrieved 11 April 2022.