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| hq_location_country = India
| hq_location_country = India
| area_served = [[World]]wide
| area_served = [[World]]wide
| key_people = {{plainlist|  
| key_people = {{ubl|Abhay Firodia<br>{{Small|([[Chairman]])}}|Prasan A. Firodia<br>{{Small|([[Managing Director]])}}}}
*Abhay Firodia {{Small|([[Chairman]])}}
*Prasan A. Firodia {{Small|([[Managing Director]])}}}}
| products = {{hlist|
| products = {{hlist|
Traveller | Trax | Gurkha | Orchard | Balwan Tractors}}
Traveller | Trax | Gurkha | Orchard | Balwan Tractors}}
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| num_employees_year = 2021
| num_employees_year = 2021
| revenue = {{down}} {{INRConvert|2012.71|c}} (2021)
| revenue = {{down}} {{INRConvert|2012.71|c}} (2021)
| net_income = {{negative increase}} {{INR}} -111.86 crore <br> (US$ -16 million) (2021)
| net_income = {{negative increase}} {{INR}} -111.86 crore <br/> (US$ 16 million) (2021)
| parent = Firodia Group
| parent = Firodia Group
| website = {{URL|http://www.forcemotors.com}}
| website = {{URL|http://www.forcemotors.com}}
}}
}}


'''Force Motors Ltd''' is an Indian [[multinational corporation|multinational]] [[automotive]] manufacturer headquartered in [[Pune]]. It is owned and managed by the Firodia Group.<ref>{{cite web|title=Force {{!}} The Force|url=http://www.forcemotors.com/the-force|website=www.forcemotors.com|access-date=2 January 2018|language=en}}</ref> From 1958 to 2004, the company was known as '''Bajaj Tempo Motors''' due to its origin as a joint venture between Bachraj Trading Ltd. and Germany's [[Tempo (company)|Tempo]].<ref name=WOC>{{cite book | title = World of Cars 2006·2007 | editor-first = Eligiusz | editor-last = Mazur | publisher = Media Connection Sp. z o.o. | location = Warsaw, Poland | page = 149 | year = 2006 | issn = 1734-2945 }}</ref> In 2005 the company was renamed as '''Force Motors'''.<ref name="WOC" /> Over the last five decades it has partnered with global manufacturers such as [[Daimler AG|Daimler]], [[ZF Friedrichshafen|ZF]], [[Robert Bosch GmbH|Bosch]], [[Volkswagen Group|VW]], [[Traton]] and [[MAN SE|MAN]].
'''Force Motors Ltd,''' is an Indian [[Multinational corporation|multinational]] [[automotive]] manufacturing company, based in [[Pune]], India and the flagship company of the Dr. Abhay Firodia Group. From 1958 until 2005, the company was known as '''Bajaj Tempo Motors''' because it originated as a joint venture between Bachraj Trading Ltd. and Germany's [[Tempo (company)|Tempo]].<ref name=WOC>{{cite book | title = World of Cars 2006·2007 | editor-first = Eligiusz | editor-last = Mazur | publisher = Media Connection Sp. z o.o. | location = Warsaw, Poland | page = 149 | year = 2006 | issn = 1734-2945 }}</ref> The company is known for brands like the Tempo, Matador, Minidor and Traveller. Over the last five decades, it has partnered with global manufacturers such as [[Daimler AG|Daimler]], [[ZF Friedrichshafen|ZF]], [[Robert Bosch GmbH|Bosch]], [[Volkswagen Group|VW]], [[Traton]] and [[MAN SE|MAN]].


Force Motors is India’s largest van maker<ref>{{cite web|title=Largest Van Maker|url=http://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/earnings-business/force-motors-nowlargest-vanmakerthe-country-md-1019339.html|website=www.moneycontrol.com}}</ref> and was part of Forbes India's [[Fortune India 500]] companies list in 2016.<ref>{{cite web|title=Fortune 500 companies|url=http://www.fortuneindia.com/fortune-500/company-list/force-motors?mode=filter&year=2016&industry=14420&sort=current-rank&order=asc|website=www.fortuneindia.com|access-date=2 January 2018}}</ref>
Force Motors is India’s largest van maker.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Largest Van Manufecturer|url=http://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/earnings-business/force-motors-nowlargest-vanmakerthe-country-md-1019339.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The company is completely vertically integrated, making its own components for the entire product range.
 
Force Motors ranked 359th (2020) on the [[Fortune India 500]] companies list.<ref>{{cite web|title=Fortune 500 companies|url=http://www.fortuneindia.com/fortune-500/company-list/force-motors?mode=filter&year=2016&industry=14420&sort=current-rank&order=asc|access-date=2 January 2018|website=www.fortuneindia.com}}</ref>


==History==
==History==
[[File:Bajaj Tempo Tempo Trax Judo 4x4 frontleft 2008-05-11 U.jpg|thumb|[[Force Gurkha|Tempo Trax]]]]
[[File:Bajaj Tempo Tempo Trax Judo 4x4 frontleft 2008-05-11 U.jpg|thumb|[[Force Gurkha|Tempo Trax]]]]


Aside from manufacturing light transport vehicles, Force Motors also makes engines and axles, as well as a large variety of die-cast aluminium parts. The foundation of Bajaj Tempo originates with the '''Bachraj Trading Company''', which was established in 1945.<ref name=WOC/> Bachraj started assembling three-wheeled Tempo auto rickshaws and small trucks in 1951, under license from Germany. In 1958 the companies announced the creation of a joint venture, called the '''Bajaj Tempo Motors''', with 26% of the shares belonging to Tempo. In 1968 the Firodia Group took a majority stake in Bajaj Tempo.
Aside from manufacturing light transport vehicles, Force Motors also makes engines and axles, as well as a large variety of die-cast aluminium parts. The foundation of Bajaj Tempo originates with the '''Bachraj Trading''' company, which was established in 1945.<ref name=WOC/> Bachraj started assembling three-wheeled auto rickshaws and small trucks in 1951, under license from Tempo of Germany. In 1958 the companies announced the creation of a joint venture, called the Bajaj Tempo Motors, with 26 percent of the shares belonging to Tempo. In 1968 the Firodia Group took a majority stake in Bajaj Tempo.


In 1971, Tempo (Germany) passed into the hands of [[Daimler AG|Daimler-Benz]], who retained a 16.8% share in Bajaj Tempo until 2001. Daimler sold its stake in April 2001 after 43 years citing little synergy between the two companies.<ref>{{cite web |title=DAIMLER EXITS BAJAJ TEMPO |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/business/daimler-exits-bajaj-tempo/cid/932026 |website=Telegraph India |access-date=16 February 2020 |date=24 April 2001}}</ref>
In 1971 Tempo (Germany) passed into the hands of [[Daimler AG|Daimler-Benz]], who retained a 16.8 percent share in Bajaj Tempo until 2001. Daimler sold its stake in April 2001 after 43 years citing little synergy between the two companies.<ref>{{cite web |title=DAIMLER EXITS BAJAJ TEMPO |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/business/daimler-exits-bajaj-tempo/cid/932026 |website=Telegraph India |access-date=16 February 2020 |date=24 April 2001}}</ref>


The Tempo Matador was the first diesel light commercial vehicle in India. The company started production of the Hanseat 3-Wheelers in collaboration with Vidal & Sohn Tempo Werke Germany in 1958. The word ''Tempo'' (a registered trade mark of Daimler) is now generic for any small goods carrier in India.<ref>{{cite web |title=History |url=https://www.forcemotors.com/history |website=Force Motors |access-date=16 February 2020}}</ref>
The Tempo Matador was the first diesel light commercial vehicle in India. The company started production of the Hanseat 3-Wheelers in collaboration with Vidal & Sohn Tempo Werke Germany in 1958. The word ''Tempo'' (a registered trade mark of Daimler) is now generic for any small goods carrier in India.


[[File:Ambulance used by Narayana Health Group, India.jpg|alt=|thumb|[[Force Traveller]] used as an Ambulance]]
[[File:Ambulance used by Narayana Health Group, India.jpg|alt=|thumb|[[Force Traveller]] used as an Ambulance]]
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In 1997, Daimler asked it to set up a dedicated facility for assembling and testing engines for Mercedes passenger cars to be made in India.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Khandwal|first=Raghav|date=2020-07-03|title=India’s commercial vehicle markets’s major player-FORCE|url=https://www.naukrinama.com/stressbuster/indias-commercial-vehicle-marketss-major-player-force/|access-date=2021-08-12|website=Stress Buster|language=en-US}}</ref>
In 1997, Daimler asked it to set up a dedicated facility for assembling and testing engines for Mercedes passenger cars to be made in India.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Khandwal|first=Raghav|date=2020-07-03|title=India’s commercial vehicle markets’s major player-FORCE|url=https://www.naukrinama.com/stressbuster/indias-commercial-vehicle-marketss-major-player-force/|access-date=2021-08-12|website=Stress Buster|language=en-US}}</ref>


In 2005 the company was renamed as '''Force Motors'''.<ref name=WOC/>
In 2005 the company was renamed Force Motors.<ref name=WOC/>


Force Motors signed technology sourcing agreements in 2003 with [[MAN SE]] for which payments were made up front. On completion of the localization of the licensed technology and with the request from MAN, a joint venture was created forming MAN Force Trucks Pvt. Ltd to manufacture the full range of HCVs from 16t GVW to 49t GCW. MAN proceeded to buy out Force and MAN Trucks India was established as a separate concern in 2012.<ref>{{cite web | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161017170542/https://www.corporate.man.eu/en/press-and-media/presscenter/Ten-years-of-MAN-Truck-and-Bus-in-India-264577.html | url = https://www.corporate.man.eu/en/press-and-media/presscenter/Ten-years-of-MAN-Truck-and-Bus-in-India-264577.html | archive-date = 17 October 2016 | title = Ten years of MAN Truck & Bus in India | work = PressCenter | publisher = MAN SE | date = 16 September 2016 }}</ref>
Force Motors signed technology sourcing agreements in 2003 with [[MAN SE]] for which payments were made up front. On completion of the localization of the licensed technology and with the request from MAN, a joint venture was created forming MAN Force Trucks Pvt. Ltd to manufacture the full range of HCVs from 16t GVW to 49t GCW. MAN proceeded to buy out Force and MAN Trucks India was established as a separate concern in 2012.<ref>{{cite web | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161017170542/https://www.corporate.man.eu/en/press-and-media/presscenter/Ten-years-of-MAN-Truck-and-Bus-in-India-264577.html | url = https://www.corporate.man.eu/en/press-and-media/presscenter/Ten-years-of-MAN-Truck-and-Bus-in-India-264577.html | archive-date = 17 October 2016 | title = Ten years of MAN Truck & Bus in India | work = PressCenter | publisher = MAN SE | date = 16 September 2016 }}</ref>
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In 2012, Force Motors launched ''Traveller 26'', a monocoque panel van that can seat 26 persons, designed entirely in-house. It had disk brakes on all four wheels and also came with safety features like ABS and EBD.<ref>{{cite web|date=17 October 2012|title=Force Motors launches world's only monocoque panel van Traveller 26|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/force-motors-launches-worlds-only-monocoque-panel-van-traveller-26/}}</ref>
In 2012, Force Motors launched ''Traveller 26'', a monocoque panel van that can seat 26 persons, designed entirely in-house. It had disk brakes on all four wheels and also came with safety features like ABS and EBD.<ref>{{cite web|date=17 October 2012|title=Force Motors launches world's only monocoque panel van Traveller 26|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/force-motors-launches-worlds-only-monocoque-panel-van-traveller-26/}}</ref>


In 2015, the company was awarded a contract by [[BMW]], resulting in a new facility in Chennai which produces and test engines and transmissions exclusively for all BMW cars and SUVs made in India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.autocarindia.com/car-news/force-motors-inaugurates-plant-for-bmw-engine-assembly-396385|title=Force Motors inaugurates plant for BMW engine assembly|website=Autocar India|language=en|access-date=2020-01-02}}</ref> This plant can produce up to 20,000 engines per year.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Raghunathan |first1=Anu |title=Pune's Force Motors Makes Engines For BMW And Mercedes-Benz |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/anuraghunathan/2015/09/23/punes-force-motors-makes-engines-for-bmw-and-mercedes-benz/#4baeee372f92 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref>
In 2015, the company was awarded a contract by [[BMW]], resulting in a new facility in Chennai which produces and test engines and transmissions exclusively for all [[BMW]] cars and SUVs made in India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.autocarindia.com/car-news/force-motors-inaugurates-plant-for-bmw-engine-assembly-396385|title=Force Motors inaugurates plant for BMW engine assembly|website=Autocar India|language=en|access-date=2020-01-02}}</ref> This plant can produce up to 20,000 engines per year.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Raghunathan |first1=Anu |title=Pune's Force Motors Makes Engines For BMW And Mercedes-Benz |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/anuraghunathan/2015/09/23/punes-force-motors-makes-engines-for-bmw-and-mercedes-benz/#4baeee372f92 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref>


A new plant was inaugurated at Chakan, Pune in June 2016.<ref name="Bureau">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/force-motors-commissions-100cr-plant-for-merc/article8760636.ece|title=Force Motors commissions ₹100-cr plant for Merc|website=@businessline|language=en|access-date=2020-01-02}}</ref> This facility assembles and tests engines for all Mercedes Cars and SUVs made in India.<ref name="Bureau"/> The new plant has a current annual capacity of 20,000 engines and 20,000 front and rear axles.<ref name="Bureau"/>
A new plant was inaugurated at Chakan, Pune in June 2016.<ref name="Bureau">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/force-motors-commissions-100cr-plant-for-merc/article8760636.ece|title=Force Motors commissions ₹100-cr plant for Merc|website=@businessline|language=en|access-date=2020-01-02}}</ref> This facility assembles and tests engines for all Mercedes Cars and SUVs made in India.<ref name="Bureau"/> The new plant has a current annual capacity of 20,000 engines and 20,000 front and rear axles.<ref name="Bureau"/>
In March 2018, Force Motors entered into a joint-venture agreement with [[Rolls-Royce Power Systems]] AG to manufacture in India and supply worldwide, the 10 and 12cylinder, Series 1600 engines (545hp to 1050hp) for power generation and under floor rail applications.{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}}


Force Motors has a nationwide dealer presence. The company also exports to various countries in Africa, Latin America, SAARC and ASEAN countries, Gulf and Germany.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Force Motors Ltd.|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/company/force-motors-53/information/company-history|access-date=2021-08-12}}</ref>
Force Motors has a nationwide dealer presence. The company also exports to various countries in Africa, Latin America, SAARC and ASEAN countries, Gulf and Germany.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Force Motors Ltd.|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/company/force-motors-53/information/company-history|access-date=2021-08-12}}</ref>


==Products==
==Products==
Force Motors manufactures a range of vehicles including Small Commercial Vehicles (SCV), Light Commercial Vehicles (LCV), Multi Utility Vehicles (MUV), Special Cross Country Vehicles and Agricultural Tractors.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Force {{!}} Commercial Vehicles|url=https://www.forcemotors.com/commercial-vehicles|access-date=2021-08-12|website=www.forcemotors.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Force Cars Price in India - Force Car Models 2021 Images & Reviews|url=https://www.cardekho.com/cars/Force|access-date=2021-08-12|website=CarDekho|language=en}}</ref>
Force Motors manufactures a range of vehicles including Small Commercial Vehicles (SCV), Light Commercial Vehicles (LCV), Multi Utility Vehicles (MUV), Special Cross Country Vehicles and Agricultural Tractors.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Force {{!}} Commercial Vehicles|url=https://www.forcemotors.com/commercial-vehicles|access-date=2021-08-12|website=www.forcemotors.com}}</ref>


'''Light Commercial vehicles'''
'''Light Commercial vehicles'''


* [[Force Traveller|Traveller]] range of vehicles (including Traveller 26, School Bus, Ambulance, Quick Response Vehicle, Royale)
* [[Force Traveller|Traveller]] range of vehicles (including Traveller 26, School Bus, Ambulance, Quick Response Vehicle, Royale)
* Traveller Monobus
* Traveller Passenger carriers
* Traveller School Bus
* Traveller Ambulances
* Traveller Delivery Van


'''Small Commercial Vehicles'''
'''Small Commercial Vehicles'''
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* Shaktiman 200
* Shaktiman 200
* Shaktiman 400
* Shaktiman 400
* Tempo hanseat (discontinued)


'''Multi Utility Vehicles'''
'''Multi Utility Vehicles'''


*[[Force Trax]] (including Toofan, Cruiser, Cruiser Deluxe)
* All-new [[Force Trax]] (including Toofan, Cruiser, Cruiser Deluxe)
* Kargo King
* Kargo King Grand
* Trax Delivery Van
* Trax Delivery Van
* Trax Ambulance


'''Agricultural vehicles'''
'''Agricultural vehicles'''
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* Balwan tractors
* Balwan tractors
* Orchard tractors
* Orchard tractors
*Sanman Tractors
*Abhiman Tractors


'''Sports Utility Vehicles (SUVs)'''
'''Sports Utility Vehicles (SUVs)'''

Latest revision as of 23:00, 13 June 2022


Force Motors Limited
Formerly
Bajaj Tempo Motors
Traded as
ISININE451A01017
Industry
Founded1958; 67 years ago (1958)
Founder(s)N.K. Firodia
Headquarters
Pune, Maharashtra
,
India
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
Products
  • Traveller
  • Trax
  • Gurkha
  • Orchard
  • Balwan Tractors
RevenueDecrease ₹2,012.71 crore (US$230 million) (2021)
Template:Negative increase ₹ -111.86 crore
(US$ 16 million) (2021)
OwnerAbhay Firodia
Number of employees
10,000+ (2021)
ParentFirodia Group
Websitewww.forcemotors.com

Force Motors Ltd, is an Indian multinational automotive manufacturing company, based in Pune, India and the flagship company of the Dr. Abhay Firodia Group. From 1958 until 2005, the company was known as Bajaj Tempo Motors because it originated as a joint venture between Bachraj Trading Ltd. and Germany's Tempo.[1] The company is known for brands like the Tempo, Matador, Minidor and Traveller. Over the last five decades, it has partnered with global manufacturers such as Daimler, ZF, Bosch, VW, Traton and MAN.

Force Motors is India’s largest van maker.[2] The company is completely vertically integrated, making its own components for the entire product range.

Force Motors ranked 359th (2020) on the Fortune India 500 companies list.[3]

History[edit]

Tempo Trax

Aside from manufacturing light transport vehicles, Force Motors also makes engines and axles, as well as a large variety of die-cast aluminium parts. The foundation of Bajaj Tempo originates with the Bachraj Trading company, which was established in 1945.[1] Bachraj started assembling three-wheeled auto rickshaws and small trucks in 1951, under license from Tempo of Germany. In 1958 the companies announced the creation of a joint venture, called the Bajaj Tempo Motors, with 26 percent of the shares belonging to Tempo. In 1968 the Firodia Group took a majority stake in Bajaj Tempo.

In 1971 Tempo (Germany) passed into the hands of Daimler-Benz, who retained a 16.8 percent share in Bajaj Tempo until 2001. Daimler sold its stake in April 2001 after 43 years citing little synergy between the two companies.[4]

The Tempo Matador was the first diesel light commercial vehicle in India. The company started production of the Hanseat 3-Wheelers in collaboration with Vidal & Sohn Tempo Werke Germany in 1958. The word Tempo (a registered trade mark of Daimler) is now generic for any small goods carrier in India.

Force Traveller used as an Ambulance

In 1987, Force Motors set up a new plant at Pithampur in Madhya Pradesh, for the production of Tempo Traveller.[5] This plant was designed and built to the specification of Daimler-Benz.[5]

In 1997, Daimler asked it to set up a dedicated facility for assembling and testing engines for Mercedes passenger cars to be made in India.[6]

In 2005 the company was renamed Force Motors.[1]

Force Motors signed technology sourcing agreements in 2003 with MAN SE for which payments were made up front. On completion of the localization of the licensed technology and with the request from MAN, a joint venture was created forming MAN Force Trucks Pvt. Ltd to manufacture the full range of HCVs from 16t GVW to 49t GCW. MAN proceeded to buy out Force and MAN Trucks India was established as a separate concern in 2012.[7]

In 2012, Force Motors launched Traveller 26, a monocoque panel van that can seat 26 persons, designed entirely in-house. It had disk brakes on all four wheels and also came with safety features like ABS and EBD.[8]

In 2015, the company was awarded a contract by BMW, resulting in a new facility in Chennai which produces and test engines and transmissions exclusively for all BMW cars and SUVs made in India.[9] This plant can produce up to 20,000 engines per year.[10]

A new plant was inaugurated at Chakan, Pune in June 2016.[11] This facility assembles and tests engines for all Mercedes Cars and SUVs made in India.[11] The new plant has a current annual capacity of 20,000 engines and 20,000 front and rear axles.[11]

In March 2018, Force Motors entered into a joint-venture agreement with Rolls-Royce Power Systems AG to manufacture in India and supply worldwide, the 10 and 12cylinder, Series 1600 engines (545hp to 1050hp) for power generation and under floor rail applications.[citation needed]

Force Motors has a nationwide dealer presence. The company also exports to various countries in Africa, Latin America, SAARC and ASEAN countries, Gulf and Germany.[12]

Products[edit]

Force Motors manufactures a range of vehicles including Small Commercial Vehicles (SCV), Light Commercial Vehicles (LCV), Multi Utility Vehicles (MUV), Special Cross Country Vehicles and Agricultural Tractors.[13]

Light Commercial vehicles

  • Traveller range of vehicles (including Traveller 26, School Bus, Ambulance, Quick Response Vehicle, Royale)
  • Traveller Monobus
  • Traveller Passenger carriers
  • Traveller School Bus
  • Traveller Ambulances
  • Traveller Delivery Van

Small Commercial Vehicles

  • Shaktiman 200
  • Shaktiman 400
  • Tempo hanseat (discontinued)

Multi Utility Vehicles

  • All-new Force Trax (including Toofan, Cruiser, Cruiser Deluxe)
  • Kargo King Grand
  • Trax Delivery Van
  • Trax Ambulance

Agricultural vehicles

  • Balwan tractors
  • Orchard tractors
  • Sanman Tractors
  • Abhiman Tractors

Sports Utility Vehicles (SUVs)

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Mazur, Eligiusz, ed. (2006). World of Cars 2006·2007. Warsaw, Poland: Media Connection Sp. z o.o. p. 149. ISSN 1734-2945.
  2. ↑ "Largest Van Manufecturer".{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  3. ↑ "Fortune 500 companies". www.fortuneindia.com. Retrieved 2 January 2018.
  4. ↑ "DAIMLER EXITS BAJAJ TEMPO". Telegraph India. 24 April 2001. Retrieved 16 February 2020.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Chadha, Arjun (9 March 2020). "Force Motors and Their 2020 Gameplan - Automobiles". Retrieved 12 August 2021.
  6. ↑ Khandwal, Raghav (3 July 2020). "India's commercial vehicle markets's major player-FORCE". Stress Buster. Retrieved 12 August 2021.
  7. ↑ "Ten years of MAN Truck & Bus in India". PressCenter. MAN SE. 16 September 2016. Archived from the original on 17 October 2016.
  8. ↑ "Force Motors launches world's only monocoque panel van Traveller 26". 17 October 2012.
  9. ↑ "Force Motors inaugurates plant for BMW engine assembly". Autocar India. Retrieved 2 January 2020.
  10. ↑ Raghunathan, Anu. "Pune's Force Motors Makes Engines For BMW And Mercedes-Benz". Forbes.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 "Force Motors commissions ₹100-cr plant for Merc". @businessline. Retrieved 2 January 2020.
  12. ↑ "Force Motors Ltd". Business Standard India. Retrieved 12 August 2021.
  13. ↑ "Force | Commercial Vehicles". www.forcemotors.com. Retrieved 12 August 2021.

External links[edit]

www.forcemotors.com
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